Detailed business plan. We did not have a calculated business plan. We use a new tool - SWOT analysis

Term business plan went from the English expression business plan. A business plan is a structured document describing the stages of a company's development, its main activities, its strategies and risks. At its core business plan- this is a roadmap designed to bring the business to the planned goal, passing the planned routes, taking into account the intermediate stages and showing the results obtained as a result.

💡 Write a business plan or download a ready one?

Often when starting a business, when starting a business, the question arises for aspiring entrepreneurs to download a business plan or write their own? Of course, if you have sufficient experience, it is better to write your own unique business plan. True, not many entrepreneurs who first thought about starting a business have the skill of such an activity. In this case, it is better to keep in mind that writing a business plan is necessary if your business:

unique
requires big calculations
implies non-standard stages of development
involves unconventional risks
there are non-standard requirements for the format, for example, a potential investor

In most cases, when opening a small business, it is quite possible to use a ready-made business plan from a trusted source, of course, with its refinement according to your data.

💡 Where can I get a ready-made business plan?

On the Internet, there are a huge number of paid and free business plans. Despite the greater variety, we recommend using the business plans presented on our portal. All business plans are provided absolutely free of charge, contain detailed financial calculations and take into account risks. In addition, the portal presents a huge number of business ideas structured by areas of activity.

Why did I take up this topic? Because they asked me for help, and I am quite competent in this matter, since I have two educations in this direction and 3 years of successful practice!

Get ready, I wrote a very extended article containing 2000+ words or 10000+ characters of useful information on the topic.

It must be determined for whom business plan, for the bank and investors, or only for the entrepreneur/firm? What for? Think.

Summary
Introduction

Section 1. Marketing

Analysis of the market situation
Competitiveness analysis
Business Description
Marketing Action Program

Section 2. Organization of work

Description of work technology
Engineering training
Legal rationale
organizational plan

Section 3 Finance

Rationale for Initial Needs for Financial Resources
Forecast of future income, expenses and financial results (Forecast of income, Forecast of expenses, Forecast of financial results)

Financial indicators of the economic efficiency of the project
Payback period of the project
Profit received

Many compilers limit themselves to more meager content, their business plans do not exceed 15-20 sheets in size, and in fact are not theoretically effective.

Let me remind you that a well-written business plan this is only a part of success in business, and not unimportant, and in any case, it should be as detailed, relevant and effective as possible!

Before you take on such a job, learn this craft as much as possible!

An illiterate but well-sold business plan is not a victory or an achievement, because if the company or entrepreneur to whom you sold your creation goes bankrupt, then the commission or anti-crisis specialists (when the collapse approaches) will deal with this issue and make you feel guilty of all sins of the company, and then they will hang on you everything that is possible and, first of all, sentence!

I'll say this if you entity and provide business plan service, then you risk only your property and authorized capital, and if not, then you may well risk your life. True, these are extremes. I didn’t hear any examples presented to the compilers, well, they spoiled the reputation at most, and that’s it.

I details follower, and the maximum calculated efficiency, and for this you need to have a good smart head on your shoulders, the results of many research And analyzes. Half the success of a business plan is qualitative research And market situation analysis.

Do not forget that there are business plans:

gaming
real
topical
irrelevant

You see gaming and irrelevant on the Internet, real and relevant, this is practically the same concept, and no one will put such documents in the public domain, since they cost money, and good ones at that.

If you decide to be smart and resell a business plan, downloaded somewhere, or written by someone for someone, then you will not succeed, unless of course you found some kind of sucker.

Business plans are mainly:

individual
regional

This means that the business plan for a cafe in a residential area will obviously fail in the city center, or in almost any other part of the city, other than the one for which it was drawn up. business plan. The same applies to different cities, and even to the persons by whom and for whom this document was compiled.

When I was in business school, we were taught to distinguish between such chips, so that in the future we would not be fooled by ourselves and more likely to draw up a high-quality and effective business plan.

As far as I remember, at the defense of the diploma, out of the whole group, only 3 provided the commission real business plans, and two of them even received funding for these projects, I was one of these three, but unfortunately the commission did not approve my idea. Six months later I sold this business plan to his colleague for almost 40,000 rubles, I don’t even remember the exact amount, since it was in 2008, and after that, I sold more than one business plan.

I am answering the questions

Question: How do you (you) compose it? Presentation? Or a printed text version?

I'll start from the end. Since this is a document, it cannot be in the form of a presentation, although the latter cannot but be part of a business plan in the form of a visual representation of the business, but as a part, additional material, and nothing more.

As I said, the most well-written and detailed business plan is the most successful!

About how I make it. Of course, according to the drawing up plan based on the final content of the business plan.

First you need to decide on a theme, you can come up with it yourself, or get it from the customer. Before you start writing something, you need to study in detail, or at least in general terms, find out what this type of activity is.

For example, if the topic is billiard room, respectively, you should learn about this type of activity as much as possible! Be sure to go to any billiard room, and preferably two or three, play a few games, delve into the essence of the issue, carefully look at the staff, the atmosphere and everything related to the game. You should have an idea of what a client should receive and what most often receives a client in a given institution.

You have an idea about this type of activity, but it is desirable to clarify the experience of others on the Internet. Now it's time to start researching. What needs to be explored?

First of all, the widest competition, where, how many, what quality, there are billiard rooms in the city? You are interested in everything, their geography, approximate traffic, level, approximate revenue, everything that can be found out.

Secondly, you need to determine the ideal location for your future billiard room. Almost any conditions will do: a residential area with an undeveloped entertainment structure, close proximity to universities, secondary specialized educational institutions, and in rare cases even schools, and so on. That is, we need people who want to have fun.

It is imperative to conduct a social survey of the local population and potentially interested persons on the desire to open your billiard room nearby. Interview even those who are not interested, or potentially not interested.

You need to know both the general opinion on your issue and the opinion of the target audience. Interview 50 to 100 people in a decent manner over 4 days, or use the help of an assistant.

Analyze the possibility of competitors appearing on your potential territory, what they can be guided by and what they can use to go against your billiard room. And from here immediately plan your actions, namely, make a list of competitive abilities, how your billiard room will differ and how it will be better than others.

The third paragraph of the business plan is a description of the business, in which you must describe in detail the chosen direction as efficiently as possible.

As I wrote above, you have observed the work of other billiard rooms, you have done local research, and now it's time for you to decide on marketing program of action, or how you will advertise your business.

Almost any serious business now has its own representation on the Internet in the form of a website, someone even managed to create their own groups and pages on social networks, such as vkontakte.ru. And you will need to consider this direction too!

Since the business is offline, accordingly, 3-5 pages on the site will be enough. A description of the possibilities and strategies for working with the site also needs to be written, and preferably as an appendix to the content of the business plan.

In addition to external marketing, you will also need to consider internal marketing in order to keep customers in your establishment so that they return to you again and again. Discounts are a weak marketing ploy, you need to be more creative, think about what might interest the client for much more discounts!

At the very end of this section, you will need to sum up the financial results, or rather, calculate the initial marketing costs.

Dwell in great detail on the section " Organizational work»I won’t, so it seems to me that anyone can handle such a job. The only clarification to the section "Description of the technology of work" is that at the very end it will be necessary to paint two tables:

Initial need for fixed assets
Initial need for working capital

In addition, in paragraph " Engineering training"You will also need to make a table" Initial costs for initial engineering training' and sum up.

Paragraph " legal rationale”should show how legal issues will be resolved, what laws will be used, what will be opened (individual entrepreneur, legal entity) and, of course, the costs of all this.

Mandatory to compose income forecasts:

most optimistic
the most pessimistic (20-30% of the optimistic)
the most realistic (60-70% of the optimistic).

Cost projections, are more accurate than previous forecasts because they are based on available cost data.

And finally, show how much money is needed to open this business, payback period and generally speaking received profit.

Of course, I provided the information in a decently condensed form, but I think this is quite enough, and my example also clearly reveals the essence of the issue.

Question: When you (I hope you don't mind, if you are) were just starting to draw up business plans for their sale, where and how did you look for clients, that is, people who would be interested in this business plan and they would be ready to purchase it.

I didn’t have a specific goal to sell business plans, it somehow didn’t work out by itself! It's just that sometimes the muse appeared, and I wrote the outlines of the future document, and then, if necessary, I just picked up these sketches and added them. As they say, everything starts with an idea.

My very first business plan, as I said, I sold to my colleague, whom I met when I was in business school. Of course, this news very quickly got to the public, or rather, to the educational part of this educational institution, and later it reached the director.

The fact is that graduates usually make business plans exclusively for themselves in order to create their own business, and then one of the students sold his thesis (business plan) to another graduate, as a result of which the scandal started And my PR.

The PR was reinforced by the fact that my colleague successfully implemented my project, and now he has a completely successful business built on my business plan.

My second client was another graduate of the same business school who wanted to order drawing up a business plan based on his own idea. Well, I helped him, although in fact his idea was crap, not profitable, in the end it turned out that way - his business went bankrupt, but he learned a good lesson from this.

Now he works as a commercial director, in some leftist company that has nothing to do with his idea.

The first scandal gave me some notoriety among the students, and they began to contact me for writing interesting, but playful business plans, for passing and defending a diploma. That is, it turns out that I simply wrote diplomas, but did not draw up business plans.

Then the director of this business school made me an offer that I could not refuse, the essence of which was that I should stop writing business plans for students, otherwise they would write a statement to the police against me, and my own diploma would be revoked. I didn't risk it!

You don’t need to contact them directly, just wander around and you will see how many potential customers you have. The main thing is to have a grip, and be able to present yourself in an ordinary unobtrusive conversation.

Someone is eloquent from birth, but I use the skills of manipulation and NLP.

You can also look for clients on the World Wide Web, by creating your own blog, business card site, or any other representation. Personally, I received only two orders on the Internet for the preparation of my business plan, and then again from my business partners.

As a successful business planner, you must have a portfolio and a reputation! The portfolio should contain 2-3 game business plans, and one real one for public display.

From additional literature, which can really help in general knowledge of the matter: “ Step by Step Guide to Starting a Private Business" And " Individual entrepreneurs. Practical guide».

The first book will give you an idea about opening 74 types of business, and the second will give you an idea about the procedure for registering an individual entrepreneur and related laws.

By the way, I was prompted to write this post by the questions of Stokolos Vitaly, known on the forums, also under the nickname “ BlooDAngeLOK". Many thanks to him for a good idea for writing a post.

Greetings readers "site"! Today we will talk in detail about what is a business plan and why is it needed how to draw up a business plan as clearly, competently and concisely as possible (we will give a sample with calculations), as well as provide links so that you can download ready-made examples is free .

This material will be useful to all novice entrepreneurs and businessmen who plan to attract money from banks (investors).

How to draw up a business plan for a small business yourself, what rules and procedures exist, and where to download a ready-made business plan - read further in the issue.

Sooner or later, every entrepreneur faces the concept of a business plan.

Business plan(from English. business plan) is a project of your business, in which the goals and objectives of its creation are clearly defined. In it, the entrepreneur must describe his actions for a specific period of time to make a profit.

Business plan structure, objectives and strategy

2. Rules for compiling (writing) a business plan 📝

Rule 1 Study the market situation in advance

Before starting to draw up a business plan, it is necessary to analyze the situation on the market as a whole. Gather as much information as possible about an upcoming venture or successful implementation.

Rule 2 Create a clear business strategy and follow it

The business plan must include specific actions throughout a certain period of time.

You must write down your actions in month, 3 month, 6 months, year and 3 of the year.

Rule 3 Consider both the pros and cons of the chosen business

In a business plan, you need to describe not only your strengths, but also possible losses, so to speak, weaknesses.

For example , strengths include highly qualified specialists, recognition in the market, bright brand etc. Possible losses or threats include: greater competition, high cost of goods or services.

3. How to write a business plan yourself - the order of writing and the structure of a business plan 📑

Regardless of the type of your activity, the main components of a business plan will be the same.

How to write a business plan - step by step instructions with an example

1. Introduction

The introductory part should not be too voluminous, but it should describe the most important:

direction of the enterprise;
payback period of the project;
specific indicators.

Your potential investor should know the terms of return of their investments and possible losses.

2) Description of services

In this section, describe in detail the direction of your activity. Decide for yourself which segment of the market you will work with.

Important! Evaluate your competitors and your advantages over them.

Decide what you plan to focus on in your activities: low cost with high sales volumes, high service, or maybe something else.

To completethissection you need to do the following:

Give a description and characteristics of the main and secondary products of the company;
Take photographs of goods and services;
Form a portrait of your intended consumer;
Research and test your target market for similar products or services;
Organize the service;
Provide a pricing model. Assess the competitiveness of your project in the market.

After conducting such an analysis, you will definitely understand and be able to highlight the differences between your products in the sales market. And also clearly formulate what you produce and who needs it.

3) Marketing plan

Marketing plan - perhaps the most important stage in the development of your business. A lot will depend on well-designed marketing. You need to identify the main competitors for yourself, understand how they promote their project, and do better.

Ways to promote a business can be different:

Place ads on radio, in magazines, on websites. It is only important to determine which advertising project format suits you;
Be sure to work on direct selling. Starting with "cold calls" to your potential buyers, ending with the sale of goods and services with the help of representatives;
Encourage staff to achieve high performance. Come up with promotions, bonuses for employees;
Find out a more favorable season for your business;

The main thing, really assess the situation, do not exaggerate your capabilities. Brainstorm regularly, come up with new routes. Read more about that here.

4) Organizational plan

Specifically write down all the steps of the activity, appoint persons responsible for the implementation of certain actions. Limit the timing of the task.

5) Financial plan

When drawing up a financial plan, it is necessary to take into account all the little things, divide the costs into permanent and one-time.

fixed costs - this is a monthly stationery, rent payment, utilities, internet, telephone, etc.
One-time costs is the purchase of equipment for work, for example, computers, scanners, telephones, etc.

After compiling expenses, determine for yourself the minimum sales volume that will cover current expenses. Anything sold from above will be yours profit .

By calculating this, you will determine for yourself breakeven point. We can say that this is the purpose of the business plan.

6) Conclusion

The conclusion is intended to attract investors. Optimal partition size from 2 before 4 pages, which must be indicated:

The main vector of your company's activity;
Project profitability;
Analysis of the company's place in the sales market;
Company personnel, responsible persons;
Expected qualitative and quantitative indicators of each period.

The "Summary" section should provide answers to 2 main questions:

What result can investors expect with a favorable business development?
What should investors expect in the worst case scenario?

Of course, it is better to write a conclusion when the business plan has already been practically drawn up.

4. Sample business plan with calculations using the example of an anti-cafe

Consider in detail the ready-made sample business plan on the example of anticafe .

The structure of the business plan - an example of "Anticafe"

1) Overview section

In the table we will see all the general information about the project:

№	Titles	Descriptions
1.	*Name*	"gloss"
2.	*Organizational form*	Individual entrepreneur
3.	Services available	Various programs; Events (trainings, seminars); Birthdays;
4.	*Locations of the organization and the sales market*	Stavropol
5.	Working mode	From 11.00 until the last client.
6.	Facility staff	Supervisor - 1 people Administrator - 1 people Service staff - 3 people Director - 1 people security - 1 people
7.	*Required start-up capital*	500 000 rubles
8.	Expenses	167 000 rubles
9.	*Return on investment*	10-11 months
10.	*Competition*	small
11.	*Organization income*	216 000 rubles
12.	Organization loss	167 000 rubles
13.	*Organization profit*	49 000 rubles

2) Goods and services

Time spent in anticafe will be charged 2 rub/min . For this money, the cafe will provide services such as:

Mini-library, you can retire and read books;
Lots of games for big companies (mafia, board games);
Game console;
Karaoke, projector, tablets;
You can arrange various courses, for example, in English, in Spanish, in psychology, visage trainings;
You can also order banquets, children's birthdays;
There is Wi-Fi, it can be used by any visitor;
Tea, coffee and various sweets.

Ideal Clients: people aged 17 -45 years who live an active life; they have an average income; without bad habbits; these people like to spend time for their own benefit; they would like to get good knowledge and great emotions.

The client must spend in a cafe about 22 hours per month. From this, the profit per person is calculated approx. 3600 rubles per month.

3) Marketing strategy

The city currently has one cafe in this segment. It poses a potential threat as they already have an established customer base.

Social networks (Instagram, telegram and others);
SMS mailings;
Discounts, coupons;
Announcements on the radio.

New anti-cafe promotion strategy:

Direct attraction. Search for clients or organizations that will come to us in a large company. Hosting children's parties. Discounts for regular customers. Advertising in institutes.
Advertising in Odnoklassniki, Agent and many different networks. Coverage of a group of people who are at home. Advertising in social networks allows you to get a lot of information from customers and very quickly answer all your questions, while requiring very little financial outlay.
Building partnerships with firms that specialize in various holidays, show programs, corporate parties and more.
Club card. This card entitles you to spend as much time as you like in the anti-cafe. Price 4 800 rubles, expiration date 1 month.
Radio advertising. After a month of work, a story about events in the anti-cafe.

Such a business has seasonality . Anticafe has the highest attendance during autumn and winter seasons. And in summer and spring there are fewer customers ↓.

Therefore, the plan should be drawn up in such a way as to increase profit several times, so as not to go into lesion .

№	Name	Timing	Responsible	Results and notes
1	Study	01.01.14 – 01.02.14	Manager	We have proven all our data
2	Recruitment	01.02.14 – 01.03.14	Manager	Found employees
3	Room search	01.03.14 – 01.04.14	Manager	Found a room according to the criteria
4	Repair	01.04.14 – 01.05.14	Manager	Renovated to all requirements
5	We buy equipment	01.05.14 – 01.06.14	Manager	Delivery to the place
6	Action plan approval	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Director	Contracts signed
7	We are registering	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Manager	Purchased a cash register and documents
8	Advertising	03.06.14 – 10.06.14	We hire a specialist	Conducted advertising on all counts
9	Opening	12.06.13	Manager	Everything went well, a lot of competitions and gifts, there were journalists, everyone learned about us

4) Financial plan

№	Expenses	Quantity (piece)	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	*Purchase of equipment*	50	5 000	250 000
2	*Purchasing inventory*	100	1 000	100 000
3	Finishing work	1	150 000	150 000
Total:				500 000

5) Conclusions

№	Name	Quantity	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	*Building for rent (150 sq. m.)*	1 month	40 000	40 000
2	Payment of wages	6 people	15 000	90 000
3	Public Utilities	1 month	5 000	5 000
4	Products	700 sets	10	7 000
5	taxes	1 month	15 000	15 000
6	Deductions for depreciation	1 month	10 000	10 000
Total:				167 000

After analyzing all the costs for the reporting month, we can say - if the institution's profit is more 167 000 rubles, this will be breakeven point .

Given:

Simultaneous costs = 500 000 rubles
Consumption per 1 month = 167 000 rubles

To find: Payback period -?

Solution :

Payback period \u003d One-time costs / PI per month

1) We find an emergency per month

NP per month = Income per month - Expense per month

Profit per month = (Profit per day) * 30 days = ( 30 human * 2 hours * 120 rubles/hour) * 30 days = 216 000 rubles
PE per month = 216,000 rubles - 167,000 rubles = 49,000 rubles

2) Finding the payback period

Payback period \u003d 500,000 rubles (initial payment) / 49,000 rubles (PE per month) \u003d 10 months

*Of course, all calculations above are approximate and may vary from region to region.

5. Ready-made business plan examples for free + template 📎

We present a ready-made template for writing your plan, in which you can easily enter your data for calculation and overview analytics.

📌

I know a lot about business planning. Planned and opened 3 family businesses. Drafted 4 business plans for grants and one subsidy from the Employment Center. Helped a few friends formulate their ideas, edited dozens of documents for clients, reviewed hundreds of submissions from business loan applicants.

For two years I worked in a credit institution that financed a business. Beginners and experienced entrepreneurs applied for funds, and we assessed the prospects and payback of the idea, drew up a business plan or corrected the client's existing calculations. Information about the applicant was presented at a meeting of the credit committee, where they collectively made a decision to issue the requested amount or to refuse.

In order to convince all loan officers to vote “yes” for financing, it was necessary to analyze all the possible risks of the project and find solutions for any situation, protect the lender’s money from all sides, and provide exit options if everything goes according to a negative scenario.

The discussion of business projects at the credit committee was structured as follows:

- And what if he divorces his wife, who will sell in his store, because now she herself is behind the counter?

- Hire a second salesperson. By the way, for a loan, the wife acts as a guarantor, so she will take on half of the debt during a divorce.

- What will happen to the debt when the “off season” for sales comes?

– In the off-season, in the schedule, I propose to reduce monthly payments so that the client “pulls” this amount during a period of reduced profits.

“And if his warehouse is robbed?”

“The warehouse is guarded, but we still insure the inventory – this insurance company pays out a refund within a couple of weeks without quibbles and delays, so the client will quickly recover the losses and be able to order a new batch of goods.

Become such a strict commission for your own project and go through all the weak points of the business to find a plan B and C for any situation. Discuss the idea and brainstorm with friends. It is better to find possible problems and think over their solutions on paper even before opening a company than to take risks and incur unnecessary costs later.

Quite everyday situations can turn into a disaster for a micro business and problems for a large enterprise. Take this into account when planning so that you don’t suddenly go into the negative.

My experience will help you draw up a business plan and get funding for it. It can be used to approach private investors, apply for a bank loan, or apply for a grant for start-up entrepreneurs from the local government.

Using the example of my new family business - a small blacksmith shop - I will show you how to create a business plan to raise funds from the budget.

A business plan is a document that comprehensively describes the idea, project, work and results of such work. It takes into account everything from the launch schedule and recruitment to different development scenarios and payback periods. The full version of the document lists possible risks and options for minimizing them.

What is the difference from TEO?

A feasibility study is a feasibility study for launching a project. The calculations in it relate only to the necessary investments, upcoming costs, expected income, payback period. It calculates the financial benefit from the planned activities. A feasibility study can be drawn up when a separate issue is being resolved, for example, about transferring accounting to.

A business plan, compared to a feasibility study, covers a wider range of issues, including promotion and marketing of the project, organizational measures, and risk assessment. The social component of a startup is also considered here. A business plan is a more comprehensive document; it is needed when opening a restaurant or store.

Why do you need a business plan

The business plan shows the seriousness of the entrepreneur's intentions and the depth of his immersion in the topic. He needs this himself in order to understand what awaits in the process, how to avoid problems and get.

But this document is most important when raising funds. Without a business plan, an investor, loan officer or administration employee will not discuss the possibility of issuing loans or budgetary funds.

Let's go back to our forge. My husband and I need a business plan for internal use - in order to understand what launch costs will be needed, how much and what will have to be purchased, what and how to arrange for legal work, what income is possible, what to produce and how to sell.

But another purpose of compiling a BP is to apply for a grant. At the district level, budgetary funds are distributed to support start-up entrepreneurs. It is possible to receive up to 300,000 rubles free of charge when passing a competitive selection, during which the commission evaluates the business plan and its performance. To get around and get, you need to correctly compose this document and correctly present your project.

Internal - for making managerial decisions. A businessman needs such a document for himself, for partners, for employees.

External - to attract funding and state support, search for an investor. It is compiled for communication with banks, applying to the district / city administration for a grant or subsidy, negotiations with possible partners.

The tasks that different business plans solve are different. It is impossible to draw up one document and go with it for a loan, and for budget support, and in search of a private investor.

1. Money from the budget

Tasks of the business plan when attracting budgetary funds:

Demonstrate your vision of the project, convince officials distributing funds that you understand the chosen area and understand where to start. They do not care how and what you will do in the course of work, the main thing is that your business stays afloat for at least 3-5 years. That is how much they track the fate of support recipients.
Choose a priority direction of development: to make and sell what the market needs, to deal with those services that are lacking in the area, to satisfy the demand of different categories of the population. This is important, again, to improve statistics in the area, so that the authorities can report that the consumer market is developing.
Confirm the social significance of the project: creating jobs and employing the unemployed, youth, disabled people, parents with many children - the more workers a business needs, the better. The number of new jobs is one of the project evaluation criteria.
Calculate the budgetary efficiency of the business - the volume of tax and non-tax revenues, including insurance premiums for employees and the more you plan to pay the state, the higher the likelihood of a grant. Ideally, these revenues should cover the cost of providing you with a grant in a couple of years, and then cover them.

Consider all these points when drawing up a business plan in order to correctly place the accents.

All indicators of the business plan and forecasts will be checked after the issuance of budget funds - once a quarter, six months or a year, the commission will go to the site and ask you for financial documentation and reporting, compare the indicators with the planned ones. If you do not hire employees or start delivering products to local stores as promised, then you may be forced to return the money, as you have not fulfilled your obligations under the contract. Therefore, on paper, do not overestimate the numbers and do not embellish anything, approach planning more realistically.

2. Bank loan

If you decide to apply for money to a bank, then a business plan for a loan will perform other tasks:

To prove understanding of the project by the entrepreneur himself, to give a calendar plan that will help to draw up a debt repayment schedule.
Calculate the amount of income and expenses, taking into account mandatory payments to repay the loan.
List the risks of non-repayment of the loan and suggest possible ways to minimize them - surety, insurance, pledge of property.

The lender needs the client to reach the planned income and be able to fulfill his obligations without delays and failures, even in case of emergency. In the business plan for the bank, it is necessary to focus on this. He does not care about the number of jobs created or the amount of taxes paid, more important is the financial stability of the borrower.

3. Investor funds

For the investor, the financial component of the project is also important, he needs information about the payback period of investments. When investing his money, he must understand how quickly he will get some results - a return of money, part of the profit.

The business plan should immediately provide for options for distributing profits between investors, providing them with a share in the company, and the degree of involvement in the work.

4. Internal resources

A business plan "for yourself" can perform any tasks and contain a wide variety of information about a future or existing enterprise. With it, you can prepare a report for management and shareholders with calculations and arguments in favor of expanding production, opening a new outlet, entering the market of another region, developing a product line.

In such a document, you can delve into the details, paint all the nuances and take into account not only financial issues, but also organizational work, marketing policy, and production moments.

There is no universal business plan, you always need to understand what and for whom it is intended and, taking this into account, draw it up.

To receive a grant, the business plan of the forge must tell more about what it will give to the district, what benefits the budget will receive from its opening.
So, be sure to indicate that the nearest forge is located in another area of the region 200 km away, so the opening of a new enterprise will provide local residents with affordable products. And it will be suitable for domestic needs and satisfy the needs of all categories of the population - hardware tools, interior items, furniture.
It should be emphasized that in the first year the entrepreneur-blacksmith himself will be employed, and in the second year it is planned to hire one more employee as assistants. This will create 2 jobs.
It is also worth calculating in detail how much insurance premiums a self-employed entrepreneur will pay for himself, and how much for an employee next year.
The salary of an employee must necessarily exceed the average level of salary in the relevant industry in the region. So, in the Novgorod region, statistics say that workers in the manufacturing sector receive an average of 32,000 rubles. Payments to the employee in the calculations must be indicated not less than this amount.
This will need to be mentioned in the brief description of the project - that part of the business plan that will be read and carefully studied by all members of the competition committee.
If we went to the bank for a loan, then the emphasis would be on other details - payback, stable income, profitability, which allows you to repay the requested amount with interest.

The main sections of the business plan

Any business plan should contain a comprehensive description of the project so as not to miss important information. The main sections can be called differently, be combined or divided into additional subsections, but their content must be in the document.

What sections does a business plan include

Detailed content of business plan sections

What to write about in the main points of this document in order to get a complete picture of the development of the company?

Business Description

date of creation, official registration of an individual entrepreneur or legal entity.

Distribution of shares in the company between partners, co-founders, investors.

Businessman experience before that - education, experience as an employee. It is not necessary to indicate the entire working biography and attach diplomas, unless this directly relates to a new project. So, when a businessman planning to open a cafe has worked for several years as a manager in a catering business, this will be his plus. If he graduated from the university with a degree in the restaurant business, then this is another point in the treasury of his experience. And if he has been twisting nuts in a car service all his life, trained as a veterinarian and then suddenly swung at the opening of a bar, information about education and experience will be superfluous.

Place of registration, area of business. You need to specify not only the address, but also the general coverage of the territory.

Goals and objectives of the project. Here you need to describe the field of activity, as well as measurable results - open 1 cafe for 30 seats, sell 500 kg of pastries daily, etc.

I will show you how to describe an enterprise in a business plan, using the example of a forge. The Project Description section contains the following information:

The date of registration of IP is May 2018.
Business - the entrepreneur will conduct independently, without the involvement of partners. The employee will be hired in the spring of 2019.
The entrepreneur was engaged in forging in his home workshop for a year. In the spring of 2018, he rented a room for a forge on the production site, equipped it and continued to work.
At the end of 2017, he completed a three-month course “Hand Artistic Forging” at the Academy of Metalworking (St. Petersburg) and received the qualification “blacksmith” (a copy of the certificate of education is attached).
The goal of the project is to open a forge in the N district for the production and sale of forged products to the population.
By 2019, it is planned to produce products worth 250,000 rubles a month.

Sales market assessment. You need to estimate the size of the market, the population, the number of potential customers. It is quite difficult to do this without full-fledged marketing research. Therefore, it is worth looking for ready-made results of such an assessment for your region. In the extreme case, you can predict effective demand approximately.

The main thing is to formulate sales tasks for yourself: will you work only within the microdistrict, open retail outlets throughout the city, deliver products for sale throughout the district, or will you deliver outside of it.

How exactly you plan to reach your target audience, how you will choose suitable promotion channels, you will describe in detail in the “Marketing Plan” section, now indicate only the direction.

Competitors. Make a list of your competitors who are already operating in this market.

Not only direct competitors offering similar goods and services are taken into account, but also those companies that produce replacement products and provide alternative services. If your city does not have a specialized tea boutique, this does not mean that the market is clear of competitors: you will have to fight for customers with those department stores and supermarkets that also sell various varieties of tea.

There are no other blacksmiths involved in artistic forging on the territory of the district center itself and neighboring districts. The nearest company selling such handicrafts is located at a distance of 250 km (in the regional center).
Hardware and factory-made entrenching tools - pokers, staples, machetes, axes, accessories - are offered in 6 hardware stores in the district, but consumers complain about their low quality, and monitoring of goods has shown that such goods do not last long. Forged handmade products are more durable, and a local blacksmith can compete with factory suppliers, guaranteeing not only high quality, but also tool sharpening, repair, and custom-made manufacturing with the right dimensions. Forged decorative interior elements and household items - door handles, hooks for gates and gate hinges, hangers and coat hooks - are rare in stores, mainly plastic products are sold. Forged garden furniture - benches, gazebos, lanterns, tables - is not sold in the area.
These products are in steady demand among the local population. Products of manual artistic forging are bought not only by rural residents for their village houses, but also by summer residents, owners of tourist camps and country cafes.
The forge will supply goods to the market of the N-sky district, conclude contracts with shops for the supply of products for sale, and participate in craft fairs in St. Petersburg and Moscow.

Production plan

Business processes. Write a list of equipment, tools, raw materials and materials that are required to create the selected range of goods and services. Calculate the optimal production volumes that your equipment can handle. Specify which employees and with what load you will need.

Products. List the products, services and works that you will offer to customers. Calculations on the costs of organizing business processes will allow you to find out the cost and draw up a price list.

Starting investments. Calculate how much money you will need to start the project. Sum up the cost of all assets, fixed assets, repairs, materials and other costs that will be required to start production.

For example, this section might look like this:

For the forge to work, it is necessary to equip the room with ventilation, a forge, an anvil with a hammer, a vice, a table for cutting metal, a spray booth for processing finished products with heat-resistant paint, anti-rust and other coatings. All this has already been done by the entrepreneur himself.
The following equipment and tools will increase the efficiency and productivity of the following equipment and tools: a grinder for sharpening blades (40,000 rubles), a grinder for cutting metal (5,000 rubles), a grinder for processing forged products (10,000 rubles), a welding machine (20,000 rubles). .), mechanical hammer (from 150,000 rubles). The total cost of equipping the forge is 225,000 rubles.
In the manufacture of products, metal is used - a profile, sheet iron, fittings, wire. Raw materials are purchased in small bulk at a metal depot in a neighboring area, delivery is carried out by the supplier's transport. The cost of a batch of raw materials and materials, including delivery, is 10,000 rubles. In a month, taking into account the load and the amount of work, there can be 2-4 batches.
Forging requires coal and gas in cylinders. Combined hearth allows you to process metal by heating it with coal or gas. The average consumption of these types of fuel per month is 1,500 rubles and 2,000 rubles, respectively.
Ventilation supply and exhaust, electric. It is used to maintain the desired temperature in the hearth and remove combustion products from the room. Electricity consumption is accounted for by a separate meter in the forge and reaches the amount of 2,500 rubles per month.
During the first 9-10 months, the blacksmith will work alone, then it will be necessary to hire a worker to help.
The forge is located on the territory of the carpentry shop, so there will be no problems with the manufacture of mixed products - from wood with forged elements.
List of products: benches, tables, bar stools, flower stands, fireplace sets (poker, scoop, stand for them), floor and wall hangers, coat hooks, latches and hinges for wickets and gates, door handles and cabinets, lamps , stands for the kitchen for hot or cutting boards, sickles, machetes, scrapers, knives.
The forge is already working, but not at full capacity. Grant funds are needed to purchase additional equipment. Replenishment of current assets and payment of current expenses will be made at own expense.

organizational plan

Organizational and legal form. Whether an individual entrepreneur or LLC, or some other form of organization, is suitable for the implementation of the selected project. What is the rationale for the choice. What system of taxation is chosen, why is it suitable.

Distribution of founders' roles. If there are several partners, their role in the management and operation of the company is described. What will they do, what will they be responsible for.

Staff. What employees will be needed, who should be hired, who should be temporarily involved, what functions can be outsourced or performed independently.

Settlements with counterparties. how it is planned to receive money from customers, whether it is necessary to open, buy an online cash register, or are there options to make payments somehow differently.

Project Schedule. What needs to be done and when, what issues should be resolved immediately, which ones later. It is desirable to calculate the cost of each stage in order to clearly show when and how much funding is required.

For a forge, it is enough for a self-employed blacksmith to be an individual entrepreneur. This simplifies accounting and reporting. The accounting is carried out by the entrepreneur himself, using the appropriate online services provided to him by the bank.
For settlements with customers and suppliers, a current account is used, and a cash desk will also be purchased, although goods can be sold at fairs without it. When buying a cash register, a special deduction will be used.
After hiring an employee, it will be necessary to register with extra-budgetary funds as an employer, before that it is enough to regularly pay insurance premiums to extra-budgetary funds.
The activity is already underway. Upon receipt of the grant, equipment will be purchased, which will increase production volumes.
When budgetary funds are issued in July, all the necessary equipment according to the list will be purchased and installed within a month (for 225,000 rubles), starting from August, the productivity of the forge will increase several times. The hiring of a worker is planned in the spring of next year - in March-April, before that the blacksmith will work independently.

This section is devoted to channels and methods of promotion, the necessary actions to increase sales, and advertising costs.

Promotion channels. Advertisements in newspapers, commercials on radio and TV, online advertising, creation of your own website and group in social networks, advertising in local publics and forums, participation in exhibitions and fairs.

The target audience. Who do you focus on when marketing? Who is your client - by age, gender, occupation, income level. Where to find him and how to contact him.

Promotion cost. How much will it cost to search and attract target audience. How often you will have to run ads, what options it is advisable to choose.

In our example business plan, this section would look like this:

Financial indicators

It is necessary to calculate the cost of production, the planned sales volumes, the necessary costs, the projected income and profit, the profitability of the project. If there are many and different products, it is not necessary to provide all the calculations in the business plan, they can be placed in a separate application, and all indicators are calculated based on the average cost value. You need to show your own contribution to the project, the need for borrowed funds. If necessary, repay the loan - an approximate repayment schedule. When paying to an investor - calculation of his share of profits.

Risk assessment

External factors. Emergency and natural disasters, the negative impact of local authorities, a new competitor, a change in the economic situation and a drop in incomes of the population.

Internal factors. Misjudgment of the market, delivery delays, personnel problems, production errors, problems with renting premises, accidents at work.

Risk Mitigation Options. Life, health, property, third party liability insurance. Opportunity to reduce prices, change the assortment, switch to other products, change the circle of potential customers, expand the sales market and find new customers outside the area, region or country. Arrangements with partners and contractors, good personal relations with the authorities, a large number of skilled workers in the market who are looking for work, etc.

Something like this will look like the study of part of the risks for the forge:

At first, the income of the forge will depend entirely on the entrepreneur himself. Health problems or injuries will negatively affect the volume of work and profits. Accidents at work can be prevented by observing safety regulations. Then it is planned to hire an employee who will remove the increased workload from the blacksmith himself.
Fire, accidents, equipment breakdowns, natural disasters - the damage from these accidents will be covered by property insurance, which will be issued for the rented premises, equipment and tools in the forge at their market value. The forge had already passed a fire inspection, and representatives of the energy company were also there, they checked the electrical wiring, the extractor on the furnace, ventilation and fire alarms. There were comments, but all the shortcomings were immediately eliminated. The room itself with a separate entrance is located in a brick building and meets the general requirements for production safety.
In case of problems with the lease, it is possible to quickly move the forge to another place - there are enough suitable empty production areas in the area, the equipment is easily dismantled and can be installed in another place within 1-2 days.
With low demand for products and small trade turnover, the sales market will be expanded, agreements will be obtained for the supply of products for sale to hardware stores in other districts of the region, the most popular goods will be selected, and the assortment policy will be revised. There is no need to change equipment or restructure work - it is enough to purchase other raw materials and materials for the production of other products, for example, forged fences, window bars, gates and wickets, entrance groups and canopies over the porch.
If another competitor appears on the market, the entrepreneur will choose the most profitable niche and produce products that the new market participant will not have, or change the sales strategy and supply finished products to other markets.

Project Summary

This section contains the most important things: the essence of the project, the necessary investments, the results after the launch, development prospects, possible risks and ways to reduce them. The remaining sections with details will be read only if the summary of the business plan is of interest to an investor, creditor, official. Therefore, remember once again what the goal of your project is and indicate important indicators that meet this goal. Repeat what you will produce, how much you plan to receive income, what expenses will be required, how much money you invest yourself, and how much you need to attract.

Common mistakes when writing a business plan

Very optimistic. Insufficient knowledge of the market. Lack of adequate risk assessment.
Copying other people's calculations. Using data without reference to reality and to the specifics of the business.
Without considering the purpose and addressee. Lack of important indicators. A lot of unnecessary information and "water".
Poor design, illiterate presentation of information, negligence in calculations. Confusing presentation and lack of a clear structure.

How to get money for a business plan

Studying the design requirements

When contacting a bank or municipal government to raise funding, ask for application rules. Often this is a simple and understandable list of required documents, as well as a list of requirements for the content and design of a business plan. Sometimes even a template of this document is given with sections and subsections already indicated. where you just need to enter your information. There are also wishes for its volume, a list of questions for project analysis, a list of important indicators that you must calculate.

Business plan defense

In some cases, it is necessary not only to draw up this document, but also to defend it before the commission. Bank employees will make a decision on issuing a loan. Officials will assess your level of information proficiency in order to rate you for participation in the competitive selection for a grant, . The investor will get acquainted with your plans and decide whether he needs to participate in this.

With such protection, it is enough to retell the “Project Summary” section and speak the main indicators of the business aloud, answer the questions of the commission members in order to convince them of your readiness and ability to use the funds raised in accordance with the plan.

Download ready-made business plans

Above, we have provided you with the key points that you should rely on when drawing up a competent business plan, however, depending on where you want to provide a business plan, the requirements for its design and content change. Below you will find examples (samples) of ready-made business plans (40 pieces), which you can download absolutely free of charge.

Use them to create your business plan, model the most interesting and compelling places, see what numbers and calculations are used, market research, competitor analysis and try to calculate your own project as well. Also below you will find additional business plan support documents from the Industrial Development Fund, Ministry of Investment and Innovation.

INSTRUCTIONS For ease of searching, all business plans are sorted alphabetically. Click on the desired letter and a list of finished projects will open in front of you.