Marketing functions, goals and objectives: a fun theory. Marketing - what is it in simple words? What is marketing definition in brief

Definitions

There are many definitions of marketing in the literature:

Most researchers agree that marketing is a process. It begins with research into the target market segment for which the company intends to operate. Marketers determine potential demand and its size (capacity of the market segment), that is, they identify buyers whose needs are not sufficiently satisfied or who have an implicit interest in certain goods or services. The market is segmented and those parts of it are selected that the company can best serve. Plans are being developed for creating and bringing products to consumers, as well as a “marketing mix” strategy. marketing mix) influencing demand through the product, price, distribution channels and methods of product promotion. They are creating a marketing audit system that will allow assessing the results of ongoing activities and the degree of their impact on consumers.

Marketing Principles

In marketing, it is customary to adhere to the following five basic principles:

1. the production and sale of goods must meet the needs of customers, the market situation and the capabilities of the company;
2. full satisfaction of customer needs and compliance with modern technical and artistic levels;
3. presence on the market at the time of the most effective possible sale of products;
4. constant updating of manufactured or sold products;
5. unity of strategy and tactics to quickly respond to changing demand.

Functions, concepts and goals of marketing

Typically, the content of marketing is identified with sales and its promotion, advertising. However, in fact, sales is one of the functions of marketing and often not the most essential. If a company has done a good job in areas of marketing such as identifying consumer needs, developing suitable products and pricing them accordingly, establishing a distribution system and effective incentives, then such products will no longer have sales problems, unless the company operates in a highly competitive market . According to the classics of management theory, ideally, the goal of marketing is as follows:

"One of the leading management theorists, Peter Drucker, puts it this way: “The purpose of marketing is to make sales efforts unnecessary. His goal is to know and understand the client so well that the product or service will exactly suit the latter and sell itself.”.

- “Fundamentals of Marketing”, Philip Kotler.

None of this means that sales and promotion efforts are no longer important. These functions become part of a larger “marketing mix”, that is, a set of marketing tools that must be harmoniously linked with each other to achieve maximum impact on the market. In general, marketing is a human activity that is somehow related to the market.

Marketing functions form the following concepts: need, requirements, demand, product, exchange, transaction and market.

The original idea underlying marketing is the idea of ​​human needs.

Need- a feeling of lack of something. People's needs are diverse and complex, but in general their number is finite, unlike needs. Here are the basic physiological needs for food, clothing, warmth and safety; and social needs for spiritual intimacy, influence and affection; personal needs for knowledge and self-expression. Most of these needs are determined by the basic components of human nature. If a need is not satisfied, a person feels unsatisfied and strives either to find an object that can satisfy the need or to try to drown it out.

The second basic idea of ​​marketing is the idea of ​​human needs.

It is not difficult to list the demands of a particular society at a particular point in time, while the society could plan production volumes for the next year based on the totality of the requests of the previous year. This is approximately what happened with production planning in the USSR. However, requests are an unstable indicator. People get bored with the things that are current and they look for variety for variety's sake. In the 90s, down jackets came into fashion, for which people abandoned previously used clothing, then they also abandoned down jackets.

A change in choice may also be the result of a change in prices or income levels. A person usually chooses a product whose combination of properties provides him with the greatest satisfaction for a given price, taking into account his specific needs and resources.

see also

cm. also other audio articles

cm. also other audio articles

• Content marketing
• Marketing ideas
• Product Marketing
• Territory Marketing
• Personality Marketing
• Marketing of organizations
• Marketing of activities
• Neuromarketing

Analysis methods (marketing models)

Marketing models are used not only for marketing analysis, but also for communication between the marketing department and other departments:

Notes

Literature

• Armstrong G., Kotler F. Introduction to Marketing = Marketing: An Introduction. - 8th ed. - M.: “Williams”, 2007. - P. 832. - ISBN 0-13-186591-9
• Bronnikova T. S., Chernyavsky A. G.

In the classical sense, marketing is a market concept for managing the production, sales and scientific and technical activities of a capitalist company, which involves careful consideration of social demands, through which demand for goods or services is predicted and then expanded. In other words, in the constant struggle for the survival and prosperity of market activity, marketing acts as a unique tool used for the correct selection of the target market, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, services that meet the needs of consumers, in order to obtain maximum profit. We have given you the most common understanding, since there is no single and specific interpretation of the definition of marketing. There are many expositions because it is a diverse concept.

Marketing cannot be precisely defined

First of all, the definition of marketing is known as a business philosophy used by companies of a commercial and non-profit nature, aimed at identifying the needs of society.
On the other hand, it is applied at the regional and state level, carrying a social resonance, merging together the demands of society and its economic response in order to satisfy them. Based on this, an adequate definition of marketing should not be limited only to goods, because its objects also include individual territories, people, organizations, and ideas. What marketing is is not easy to define in your own words. Therefore, putting together such numerous and ambiguous interpretations, it would be more correct to say that marketing is a complex socio-economic phenomenon, formed as a result of the evolutionary development of various marketing concepts.

Where did marketing originate?

Marketing emerged at the beginning of the 20th century. Its formation was influenced exclusively by economic science and its aspects, such as mediation, market, exchange, commerce, trade, utility, specialization. Although marketing was not immediately noticed in world practice, oddly enough, it became one of the key factors in the development of many ancient civilizations. Marketing is the result of many years of evolution of views, tasks and efforts made to develop successful market activities. The original marketing forms have their origins in ancient Rome, but perhaps even earlier; the exact place of origin has not been established.

The history of marketing

According to historical data manifestation of marketing was seen in Japan in 1650. In Tokyo ancestor of the Mitsui clan opened the first large department store, where he promoted his policy, which is now actively used. Mr. Mitsui was guided by the needs of customers, purchasing only popular and high-quality goods from suppliers. In addition, he tried to expand the range, and also introduced refunds for returned purchases.

But it is still generally accepted that time The formation of marketing begins in the West in the middle of the 19th century. The prerequisites were a “wild market” and the fact that only the state exercised control over it. Then the first person who identified marketing as the main task when building a business was designer Cyrus McCormick. This made his company, International Harvester, a success. And also his merit was the identification of basic directions.

After this, active promotion of marketing as a science and art began. Already in 1910, R. Butler University of Wisconsin introduced full courses in marketing methods. Then came the active development and formation of marketing in commodity markets as a scientific and applied discipline. So, in 1926 in the USA a meeting of teachers on marketing and advertising (AMA) appeared. Over time, similar associations began to arise in other countries. Based on all this, we can say that marketing appeared and developed in the USA at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries, and it became a leader in the world economy only in the 50s.

The evolution of marketing

Formation of marketing in stages

The history of marketing can be divided into stages:

History of marketing development in Russia

In the Russian Federation, marketing began to be actively used at the beginning of the 20th century. The Soviet economy did not consider marketing as a science and had a negative attitude towards it. Especially when a strict command and distribution system was introduced in the country in 1929. The first steps towards marketing began only in the late 60s, when the economy needed strong international connections. Since without foreign trade knowledge all movements were in vain, this contributed to the study of marketing science.

Along with development, our own research was carried out. And after economic reforms in the 1990s, the active introduction of marketing as a tool began. Nowadays, absolutely all service sectors know what marketing is and marketing activities in the country. It is not only large in scope, but deep in the areas and applications of individual marketing tasks that no longer have anything in common with other countries.

Different Types of Marketing

What is marketing like?

Marketing is divided into types, depending on the type of product:

1. Services Marketing.
2. Marketing of industrial products.
3. Marketing of consumer goods.

Depending on the scope and object of application, the following types of marketing are distinguished:

Marketing Goals

We have already discussed the concept of “marketing” and what it is; now we need to understand what goals it pursues. There is an opinion that the main goal of marketing is sales and its stimulation. It seems that science is aimed at promoting goods, but it carries negative features in that it creates unnecessary needs, develops greed in the buyer, and “attacks” with advertising from all sides. This opinion is erroneous, as theorist P. Drucker said: “The purpose of marketing is to determine what society needs, only then will the product sell itself without unnecessary effort.” This means that the goals of marketing are to create and increase demand, develop plans for the company’s work, increase sales volumes and attract new consumers.

Principles/objectives

Marketing is defined as the formation and application of a strategy to promote something. Since people look for benefits in products, the success of long-term cooperation lies precisely in offering products that satisfy the desires of consumers. Therefore, marketing begins, first of all, with identifying the target market and its needs, and ends with schemes for arranging goods on store shelves. It is through principles that its main features are expressed, as well as its essence as a management system. Since the essence of science is the idea of ​​human needs, the following principles follow:

Before producing, the company conducts a thorough study of customer needs, and the reference book of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation states that marketers:

As practice shows, only an integrated approach gives effective results to a company, allowing it to find a place in the market and become in demand for its products.

Marketing is characterized by a constant search for new forms; its functions, tools, principles do not stand still, they are improved and developed.

Types of Marketing

There are many types of internal marketing that depend on a specific situation in terms of demand. The following classification of marketing has its own characteristic features and narrow goals:

Network marketing

Any means are good to increase sales. Today, Internet marketing is very popular, despite the fact that it is the youngest type of marketing. Any organization has its own portal, where it also successfully advertises its products, thereby increasing brand awareness and customer loyalty to the company, services, and products. To achieve success, use all available promotion channels. They are:

• SEO optimized content;
• PR campaigns;
• media and contextual advertising;
• viral marketing;
• sending emails;
• traffic arbitration.

In a word, all these actions are Internet marketing. Promotions are carried out only by specialists who, using modern technologies, study the preferences and tastes of the target audience. Its tools themselves study the search queries, links followed, clicks, visited pages of each potential client, and adapts to them.

In contact with

The word “marketing” comes from the English market - market, ing - movement and means market activity, market movement.

Currently, there are over two thousand definitions of the concept of “marketing”, which is due to the presence of different points of view of marketers regarding this phenomenon.

The famous scientist F. Kotler gives its general definition: “Marketing is a type of human activity aimed at satisfying needs and wants through exchange.”

According to experts from the American Marketing Association, “Marketing is the business activity of organizing the flow of goods and services from the manufacturer to the buyer or user,” i.e. a specific type of activity with specific goals.

According to the definition of the UK Marketing Institute:

“Marketing is a management process that includes identifying, forecasting and satisfying consumer needs to make a profit.”_

The latter is the most correct, as it reflects the interests of consumers and sellers.

In general, marketing is considered as a concept and philosophy of business, as an orientation of an organization, and as a social and managerial process that optimally realizes itself in market conditions.

Marketing as a scientific and practical theory of management of production and sales activities involves the performance of a number of functions:

— analytical: study of the market, consumers, product structure;

— production: organizing the production of new goods, introducing new technologies, managing the quality and competitiveness of products;

— sales: organizing a system of product distribution, service, creating demand and stimulating sales, pursuing a targeted product and pricing policy;

— management and control: organization of strategic and operational planning at the enterprise, information support, organization of a communications and marketing control system.

Among the universal functions of marketing are information gathering and market research.

I don't really like articles that have minimal practical application. For this there is Wikipedia and all the questions from the series “What is this?” you can easily solve it there.

But this article will be an exception. It will be a kind of abstract telling you about the types of marketing.

But at the same time, it gives an understanding of practical application and relevance for classical business.

Let's decide right away

In this article we will talk about marketing, but not marketing, because marketing is bad marketing (thanks for such a brief and succinct explanation).

Okay, if we figured out the emphasis in the word, now let’s find out what marketing is.

Although in fact, I described in detail what marketing is and how it differs from advertising and PR in the article (link below). But I’ll repeat it just in case.

Marketing is the control and management of the sales activities of products produced by an enterprise (of course, these can also be services) using all kinds of tools, such as analyses, research, advertising and PR.

The simplest explanation for me of what marketing is will remain those same 4 letters (4 P or 4 Pi, in Russian).

And if everything is clear with the concept itself, then it is not at all clear what is included in marketing, what types and main types of marketing there are.

For example, content marketing, is it part of internet marketing or is it, roughly speaking, a separate area?

And what classification does trade marketing fall into? By demand or marketing goals? Now we'll figure it out.

Important. For many, this material may seem theoretical. But if you want to know not only the tricks, but also the strategies, then overcome yourself and read to the end.

Bad news

I have to disappoint you, but the news is not good. If you dig around globally, then the classification of types of marketing is very versatile and rather “theoretical”, that is, it is of little applicability to small earthly businesses.

For example, marketing can be divided into two large groups, and now we will look at them.

1.According to consumer demand

By the way, this is the most common marketing classification that can be found on the Internet.

The most common, the most famous and, probably, the most “legitimate”, because it was voiced by the American Marketing Association back in 1985.

In it, the main criterion for division was the nature of consumer demand. Which could be:

Conversion

The main task of such marketing is to change the negative demand for the product (when it “didn’t come in”).

Tools - re-release/rebranding of a product, reducing its cost, or a complete change in its promotion strategy, as in the following example.

One of my favorite examples of conversion marketing is the Toyota Corporation, which produces 2 lines of its cars: Toyota and Lexus.

Two lines of Toyota

She wondered how to increase sales of Lexus cars. After all, they are more economically profitable, but they are difficult to buy. The ingenious solution was found with the help of conversion marketing.

The design of Toyota cars has become, to put it mildly, not entirely attractive; to put it in Russian, they have become deliberately “nightmarish.”

But against this background, the design and interior of Lexus began to cause surprise. The result is an increase in the company's overall profit, as Lexus sales have increased.

And the company was not affected by the decline in demand for Toyota cars. Here is such a successful example.

Stimulating

The task of such marketing is to change the indifferent attitude of potential consumers towards the promoted product.

That is, make them interested in it. Most likely, this type of marketing is better known to you through the following tools:

1. A sharp reduction in prices at the initial stage of entering the market (“we’ll feed customers with low prices first”);
2. Carrying out promotions;
3. Conducting tastings.

Developmental

I would even call it spy marketing. That is, you understand that there is a demand, or rather there will be, for a specific product that you need to bring to the market.

Developmental marketing is aimed precisely at offering effective tools to turn latent demand into real demand. Something similar with .

WE ARE ALREADY MORE THAN 29,000 people.
TURN ON

Remarketing

Marketing that revives demand when it fades. It seems to me that the tool that brings visitors who were on your site back to your site is called precisely because of this (revitalizing demand).

In Russia this instrument is known as. Most often used in and.

Synchromarketing

This type of marketing is used to stabilize fluctuations in demand, for example, seasonality.

Examples of marketing in synchromarketing (sorry for the tautology) can be especially noticeable in construction and services.

Example 1. A company that produces and sells bricks, in order to avoid subsidence in winter (and this is the low season for builders), is holding a promotion: “20% discount on the purchase of bricks until February 20 + free storage until spring.”

Example 2. The World Class fitness club chain began receiving complaints from regular visitors that the club was full at certain hours.

In this regard, schedules of the club’s workload during the day were prepared, which allowed visitors to plan their day and time of visiting the club, and thereby slightly relieved the problem.

And one more example of a promotion that relates to synchromarketing. I won’t write anything about it; everything is clear in the picture.

Promotion based on synchromarketing

Supportive

Used when the demand level is equal to the supply level. That is, stable demand, stable competition. The perfect picture for me.

An example is, of course, the well-known Coca-Cola company. Or rather, one of its products, the Sprite drink.

It has become so popular and the demand for it is so stable that the company’s marketers only occasionally change the shape of the bottle and run commercials “just to remind you of the product.”

Demarketing

Imagine that you produce products that are so popular in the world that your production (supply) is simply not able to satisfy all the demand.

It is regulation (reduction of demand) to the level of supply (technical production capabilities) with the help of marketing tools that is demarketing.

A striking example of the use of a demarketing strategy is Apple, which not only keeps prices quite high compared to its competitors.

But he even raises them in order to control the ever-increasing, I would even say, rush demand for his products.

Queue at Apple

Opposing

In fact, this is the same as demarketing, that is, marketing aimed at reducing demand.

The only point is that the decrease in demand occurs for goods that are disapproved by society (alcohol, drugs, tobacco).

As a rule, the implementation of such marketing (very aggressive marketing, it must be said) is the state. The most obvious and famous example is Prohibition in the USA from 1920 to 1933.

2. By the nature and scale of activity

This is also a fairly popular classification, but it is mostly used in textbooks.

Mass (undifferentiated marketing)

Remember about proper marketing? When do you choose the target audience, prescribe, describe the product, make several products for different pains of the target audience?

So in mass marketing, all this is not important. You make one product, completely ignoring the differences between target audiences.

Enter the market with one single product that you believe should convert a large number of interested consumers into buyers.

Something from the series “there will be a buyer for this product,” a kind of aggressive marketing.

An excellent strategy if there is mass appeal and large, or rather very large, budgets for promotion.

Examples of successful mass marketing are Coca-Cola and Ford (cars for every person, every wallet and every purpose).

True, they succeeded in all this largely thanks to large budgets and minimal competition.

Differentiated Marketing

Typically, manufacturing plants entering the market take this route. They divide their products into several product segments (milk/kefir/yogurt/prebiotics), each of which meets the needs of a different target audience.

Accordingly, marketing is also built to suit individual segments of the target audience.

Concentrated (targeted) marketing

This is exactly the kind of marketing that we consider correct and suitable for small businesses.

Targeting a specific segment (specific target audience), identifying and satisfying all needs with a product or service.

In a hypercompetitive market, concentrated marketing is considered the most appropriate for the development of small businesses.

May be enough?

These are the types of marketing and their characteristics that have appeared in history throughout its formation.

True, not all classifications are presented here. I don't really see the point in this. Why do you need to know most of the traditional classifications in marketing, such as individual marketing.

What if these concepts have changed a long time ago? For example, personality marketing (egomarketing) has long turned into branding, that is, brand promotion.

It’s a shame that these traditional types of marketing and their characteristics are included in the curriculum of marketers in institutes.

I think this information is useful for revealing the concept, but, unfortunately, it is not at all applicable in business. They are especially poorly applicable from a practical point of view in small businesses.

And why all? Because everything in marketing is dynamic and develops very quickly.

In Russia, perhaps, its development is a little slowed down. Therefore, I propose to skip the traditional types and types of marketing and pay attention to modern types of marketing with examples.

At a minimum, because the results of their use can be tracked in small and medium-sized businesses.

May the owners of huge transnational corporations who are reading this article at the moment forgive me 😉

Enough about the eternal

The top part of the article should give you, as I said, the concept. But then there are quite specific thoughts to implement in your company.

Get out of my way. I'm going to implement!

So. In order. Modern marketing includes the following types:

1. Offline marketing;
2. Territorial marketing;
3. Mobile Marketing;
4. Network marketing;
5. Event marketing;
6. (aka hidden marketing);

And frankly, I have a suspicion that these are not all types and types of marketing that fit the concept of “modern”.

I say this with such confidence because, after many years of studying a large number of sources, I have not found an adequate structured list.

The nice thing, at least for me, is that we already have articles for most types of modern marketing.

With detailed explanations, as well as examples of application in business. To check them out, simply follow the links above.

However, for those areas where there are no articles yet, so as not to leave you with nothing, I will give successful, sometimes even ingenious implementation options.

Territorial marketing

The concept itself appeared quite recently (in 2002) and it means marketing in the interests of the territory.

To be clear, the main task of such marketing is to “sell” the territory to potential buyers in order to improve the lives of people living in this territory.

For example, Greece spends about 100 million euros annually on attracting tourists/advertising its resorts. One of our well-known territorial marketing projects is the Olympics in Sochi.

According to official data, about $52 million was invested in the construction and promotion of this facility, while income from the Olympics amounted to about $80 million.

Mobile Marketing

This is not even marketing, but something in between (direction) between offline and online marketing.

A way to promote goods and services using mobile devices. This includes SMS, mms, applications, instant messengers.

Let's consider the option with messages from various companies. For example, “Only until the 20th, 15% discount on our shoes.”

We can say that this type of marketing is dying, because people read SMS less and less.

But if you look at messages not as standard SMS, but as instant messengers (whatsapp, viber, telegram), then everything becomes different. It is especially fashionable now to build communication through.

Chatbot example

And one more practical example that you can also take into account. This is interaction through MMS, which many believe is dead.

But when one of our clients recently sent out a mailing to clients using MMS (a picture sent to the phone instead of text), we saw a different picture.

For example, you can track a message by geolocation and, as a result, send it only to those subscribers who are currently located close to the store/office.

Network marketing

Multilevel marketing (from the English multilevel marketing). The concept of developing sales of a product or service by attracting distributors, who can also attract distributors.

Moreover, the last attracted distributors will also have all the rights to sell.

The earnings of each distributor depend on the amount of commission from each new distributor attracted.

Among the most famous companies selling products based on the network marketing principle are: Faberlic, Amway, Mary Kay, Avon.

Recently in Russia, network marketing has received a second wind. The rapid development of social networks helped him in this.

In particular, Instagram and one of the ways to promote it is.

I also call it creative marketing. Although in fact this is event marketing, which helps to promote goods or services through events.

Of the striking examples of such marketing, I immediately remember Alfa Future People (the main festival of music and technology), which is organized by Alfa Bank.

Here, for example, is how this event took place in 2016. The scope is, of course, amazing.

However, what if you are, for example, a small coffee shop? Very simple! Whenever possible, take part in various events and use event marketing to the maximum.

Day of the city? Give out balloons with your coffee shop's logo to children passing by.

By the way, this is an example that actually worked for our client. In advance for City Day, he prepared beautiful balloons with the logo of his coffee shop and distributed them free of charge to children, who circled around the center with them throughout the day.

Here's an example. What’s most interesting is that after the end of the festive part, many families with balloons went to this particular coffee shop, where they were given regular customer cards for further communication.

Briefly about the main thing

To be honest, in this article I have not covered all types and types of marketing. It’s just that, for example, there is such a direction as creative marketing, which is included in event marketing.

And the types of Internet marketing, for example, include trust marketing (when the user gives his consent to the Internet to receive this or that information and all further communication is based on trust).

Most of these species and subspecies are not mentioned here. Otherwise, the result would be too large and global a classification.

My task was not only to provide a “Wikipedia article,” but to show that marketing is not only about attracting clients.

It's something more. That with its help you can control the consciousness and behavior of people with a positive message, in the interests of your business.

Marketing- satisfaction management. What other definitions of marketing are there?
Collected a collection of marketing definitions. All that remains is to choose a definition of marketing that corresponds to your internal understanding of this science, which will be useful to you throughout life, and which will be easier to work with. Some of the collected definitions are original, some are folk. If you know the author, please let me know and I will mark the copyright holder under the statement.

So what is marketing?

Sales is something you do personally, one on one. Marketing is sales carried out through a system."
Robert Kiyosaki,businessman, investor, writer (quote from his book "Rich Dad's Guide to Investing").

Marketing- satisfaction management. (P. Chernozubenko);

Marketing is all business, considered from the point of view of its final result, i.e. from the point of view of the consumer (P. Drucker);

Marketing- is a type of human activity aimed at satisfying needs and wants through exchange (Kotler F. Fundamentals of Marketing);

Marketing- is the art and science of choosing the right target market, attracting, retaining and increasing the number of consumers by creating confidence in the buyer that he represents the highest value to the company, as well as an orderly and targeted process of awareness of consumer problems and regulation of market activity (F. Kotler);

Marketing - type of human activity aimed at satisfying needs and wants through exchange (Philip Kotler);

Marketing - this is a movie in which the main character is a commodity (Jack Trout);

The goal of marketing is to make sales efforts unnecessary. His goal is to know and understand the client so well that the product or service will exactly suit the latter and sell itself. (P. Drucker.)

Marketing is the process of a company establishing creative and fruitful relationships with the environment in which it sells its goods and services. (IBM company)

Marketing is the anticipation, management and satisfaction of demand for goods and services, organizations, people, territories and ideas through exchange (J.R. Evans and B. Berman);

Marketing- activities aimed at identifying and satisfying the needs and desires of consumers through the exchange process (G. Assel);

Marketing- the art and science of finding, retaining and nurturing clients;

Marketing- management, regulation and market research system (I.K. Belyaevsky);

Marketing– is the transformation of consumer requests into real goods. Marketing is a type of business activity aimed at concluding transactions through the development of a new product, its preparation and subsequent consumption.

Marketing is a type of human activity aimed at making exchanges, the purpose of which is to satisfy needs and make a profit.
Marketing - this is the implementation of business processes in the direction of the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer

Marketing - is the management process that identifies, anticipates and satisfies customer requirements while maintaining the principles of efficiency and profitability (Public Institute of Marketing, UK);

Marketing- "is the process of planning and executing, pricing, promoting and selling ideas, goods and services through exchanges that satisfy the goals of individuals and organizations (definition adopted by the American Marketing Association (AMA) in 1985);

Marketing- is the implementation of business processes in the direction of the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer. (American Marketing Association (AMA));

Marketing there are places where the principle of “learning to act” is adhered to. (Arman Dayan Market Academy. Marketing);

Marketing(English marketing, from market - market), one of the management systems of a capitalist enterprise, which involves careful consideration of the processes occurring in the market for making business decisions. (TSB)

Marketing(from the English marketing - sale, trade on the market) - management of the creation of goods and services and mechanisms for their implementation as a single complex process;

Marketing- this is the study of markets and influence on them in order to facilitate the tasks facing economic entities;

Marketing- the process of coordinating the company’s capabilities and consumer requests;

Marketing-is selling a standard of living to a client (Paul Mazur);

Marketing- there are a million and one things you do to help sell a product (Bob Zak);

Marketing- understand the client, see the goal, achieve it, always remembering that in the end the wallet should get fatter (Sergey Vasiliev);

Marketing- this is an attempt to imagine what people want in order to give it to them (Shelley Lazarus);

Marketing- this is one of the tools of evolution on a market scale (Anatoly Matveev);

Marketing- is the creative creation of long-term mutually beneficial relationships between objects and market subjects (Alexander Khoroshilov);

Marketing- this is a relationship (Alexander Khoroshilov);

Marketing- these are contacts (Alexander Pavlov);

Marketing- this is solving your customers' problems with benefit for yourself (Rendell Chapman);

Marketing is about driving behavior, economically beneficial for the one who stimulates it (Richard Buchanan);

Marketing- is the anticipation, management and satisfaction of demand for goods and services, organizations and people, territories and ideas through exchange (Evans and Berman);

Marketing- these are all the things that sellers do not have time to do, do not want or cannot (Igor Mann);

Marketing is simply a civilized form of warfare in which battles are most often won through words, ideas and logical thinking (Albert Emery);

Marketing is everything and that's all marketing (Regis McKenna);

Marketing- this is to do so that they buy and then thank you ;

Marketing is a business philosophy that places customers at the center of business strategy (Prabhu Gunthari);

Marketing- it is profitable for the company to satisfy the needs of other people;

Marketing- this is a business philosophy (J.-J. Lambin and others);

Marketing- this is a commercial sense elevated to a method (A. Diane);

Marketing - this o highest management function (D. Kostyukhin);

Marketing is love for customers(paraphrased: “I never did marketing. I just never stopped loving my customers.” (Zino Davidoff);

Marketing is all about money, which are made from the air in which ideas float (Igor Klimanov);

Marketing is your own common sense plus other people's examples (Andrey Pozdnev);

Marketing is the study of markets and influencing them in order to facilitate the tasks facing economic entities;

Marketing is the art and science of finding, retaining and nurturing clients;

Marketing is the activity of a market entity, aimed at interacting with other market entities.

Marketing is the ability to sell competently.

Marketing- managing demand satisfaction through trade.

Marketing is the sale of goods that are not returned to customers who are returned.

Marketing is foresight, managing and satisfying demand for goods, services, organizations, territories and ideas through exchange (Joel Evans, Barry Berman).

Marketing- is the process of identifying, predicting and creating consumer needs and desires and organizing all the company's resources to satisfy them with a large overall profit for the company and the consumer (Bernie Goodrich, USA, 1960);

Marketing- making a profit from satisfying the consumer;

Marketing- this is the process of coordinating the company’s capabilities and consumer requests;

Marketing- is a social and managerial process through which individuals and groups of people, through the creation of products and their exchange, receive what they need (E. P. Golubkov);

Marketing- these are sales tomorrow;

Marketing- establishing a relationship between the activities of the consumer, the activities of the seller and the activities of the manufacturer (Sergey Bezzubtsev);

Marketing- this is intelligence of the consumer’s brain about his needs tomorrow, as well as determining the volume of future consumption (Rais Gareev);

Marketing- this is what prevents financiers from living peacefully, because they constantly do everything that, from their point of view, should not be done (Andrey Eremichev);

Marketing- is a set of actions leading to an increase in the company's profits in the future (Anna Chernobylskaya);

Marketing- this is a strategy and tactics for survival in the market, which, if wrong, leads to death (Alexey Shpagin);

Marketing- this is any action you take to acquire or retain a client (Rick Crandell);

Marketing- a set of tools that allows you to formalize your understanding of what the company does as a whole and how to adjust the work of all its parts to improve the efficiency of its functioning in the future (Sergey Myzdrin);

Marketing- this is the totality of all actions aimed at identifying, forming, satisfying or suppressing consumer needs in order to make a profit (Konstantin Edemsky);

Marketing- find a need and satisfy it (Oleg Makarov);

Marketing- all activities of the company that are market oriented (Lolita Volkova);

Marketing- is a constant search and implementation of opportunities to create additional (new) value in the market (Andrey Eremichev);

Marketing- this is our everything (Viktor Shikov);

Marketing - this is a set of activities in the field of research into the trade and sales activities of an enterprise to study all factors that influence the production process and the promotion of goods and services from producer to consumer (V. E. Khrutsky);

Marketing - it is an expression of a market-oriented management style of thinking characterized by creative, systematic and often aggressive approaches (Dichtl and X. Hershgen);

Marketing - this is a type of economic activity consisting of the promotion of goods and services from producers to consumers;

Marketing is the search for such market niches and business areas in which the company will be the first, and the implementation of such ideas and the use of such opportunities that will make the company a leader in an era of deadly competition (Igor Klimanov);

Marketing - a system of views, a function of coordinating various aspects of commercial activity, a complex of interrelated elements of business activity, a business philosophy, the purpose of which is to mitigate crises of overproduction, and finally, the process of balancing supply and demand;

Marketing - ensuring the development and existence of the company (Zoya Tadzhieva);

Marketing- these are grouped and thoughtful moves (strategy), which will result in increased recognition or increased sales (Elbrus Hasanov);

Marketing- this is the coordination of the organization's resources with the needs of the market (B. Soloviev);

Marketing- study of markets and influence on them in order to facilitate the solution of problems facing economic entities (Igor Berezin);

Marketing- this is consumer satisfaction with the aim of mutually extracting maximum profits;

Marketing is about taking action. aimed at achieving the goals of the organization by anticipating the needs of the buyer or client and directing the flow of goods and services satisfying these needs from the manufacturer to the buyer or client (E. Jerome McCarthy);

Marketing- this is the activity of the manufacturer aimed at establishing, strengthening and maintaining profitable exchanges in order to achieve its goals;

Marketing- is the process of planning and implementing a plan, pricing, promoting and selling ideas, goods and services through exchanges that satisfy the goals of individuals and organizations;

Marketing - analysis and forecasting of the market situation in order to orient production and ensure the best economic conditions for the sale of manufactured products (T. Ryabova and E. Strelkov);

Marketing- is the process of planning and implementing the concept, pricing policy, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services through exchange with the aim of mutually satisfying the goals of the individual and the organization;

Marketing is the anticipation, management and satisfaction of demand for goods, services, organizations, people, territories and ideas through exchange.

Marketing is comprehensive activities to create and promote the optimal product to the optimal segments.

Marketing is the process of planning and executing the vision, promotion and implementation of ideas, goods and services through exchanges that satisfy the goals of individuals and organizations (American Marketing Association).

Marketing - is a behavioral science that seeks to explain the relationships that arise in the process of exchange (S. D. Hunt).

Marketing - is a social process aimed at satisfying the needs and desires of people and organizations by ensuring the free competitive exchange of goods and services of value to the buyer (J.-J. Lambin).

Marketing - this is a process of organizing production, promotion and sales of products aimed at current and future success, based on an understanding of the situation and processes occurring in the market, and built taking into account the establishment of an optimal balance of interests of all its participants (Pavel Weinstein);

Marketing - eliminating barriers that prevent consumers from buying goods (works, services) from us and not from competitors (Dmitry Semenov);

Marketing- this is the input of the correct data into the market system to obtain the planned result in accordance with the laws of operation of this system, called the laws of marketing (Alexander Belanov);

Marketing - the process of identifying, maximizing and satisfying consumer demand for the company's products;

Marketing - the aspect of business activity that directs the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user;

Marketing - this is a philosophy, strategy and tactics of participants in market (exchange) relations and interactions, when the effective satisfaction of requests and resolution of consumer problems lead to the success of organizations and benefit society;

Marketing - This is the delivery of the right product to the right place at the right time at the right price in the right quantities, colors, shapes and conveying the necessary information to the buyer.

Marketing - this is the art of the possible (Igor Kachalov).

Marketing is simply a civilized form of warfare where most battles are won by words, ideas and trained thinking (Albert W. Emery).

Marketing - is the process of anticipating the needs of potential buyers and meeting these needs by offering appropriate