Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"St. Petersburg State Agrarian University"

INSTITUTE OF CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

(HIGH SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT)

on the topic: "Production, processing of eggs and quail meat"

Completed by: student of group 032123

Egorova Ekaterina Alekseevna

St. Petersburg - 2013

• 1. Industry importance
• 2. Biological and economic features
• 3. Breeds
• 4. Feeding technology
• 5. Fattening quails for meat
• 6. Meat processing
• 7. Egg processing
• Conclusion
• Bibliography

1. Industry importance

Quail is the smallest and fastest-ripening agricultural bird of the pheasant family of the gallinaceae order. The ease of maintenance and feeding allows them to be kept both in the city and in the countryside. She produces up to 300 eggs per year. And the unique nutritional and dietary properties allow almost everyone to consume quail eggs and meat without restrictions.

In Russia, quail farming began to develop late - in 1964, when 27 quails were brought from the World Poultry Exhibition to the VNIIPP production and experimental poultry farm. Later, another 1,000 month-old quails were brought from Japan. That is, modern domestic quails are direct descendants of the Japanese. Unfortunately, in the 60s, scientists did not find any advantages of quails compared to chickens. But in fact, we always had plenty of our own quails. Since ancient times, they have been caught in the forests of Kursk, Oryol, Tula, Tambov and Kharkov provinces. Quails do not fly very well, they mostly run. Several people caught them at once. The most worthy was the one who could imitate the voice of a bird well and thereby lure the birds into the net. Currently, the volume of the quail egg market in Russia is estimated at 145 million pieces. per year, about 600 tons of quail meat per year. More than 70% of sales come from metropolitan areas. Small towns and rural areas account for less than 10%. When comparing population size, the quail egg market capacity in Russia is approximately 20 times lower than in Japan. A surge of interest in quails in Russia arose against the backdrop of information about the usefulness of their eggs in the rehabilitation of people affected by radiation after the Chernobyl disaster. The experience of using them was described by the magazine "OGONEK". Doctors have recorded normalization of appetite in patients, disappearance of fatigue and heart pain, and a reduction in complaints of dizziness and nosebleeds. Moreover, the hemoglobin content in the blood of the children in the experimental group increased and they gained weight. Doctors have rendered a verdict: to recognize quail eggs as a valuable dietary product and to recommend them in the treatment of people exposed to radioactive radiation.

In fact, the Russian market for quail eggs and meat began to develop in the 90s with the advent of small quail flocks on private farms and among private farmers. At that time, demand was extremely low due to high prices and the low standard of living of most of the population. The main consumers of quail meat were expensive restaurants. The egg was mainly in demand by wealthy citizens as a therapeutic therapy or dietary food for various diseases. During this period, there was a demand, albeit limited, for quail eggs as a baby food product.

The formation of a full-fledged federal market occurred in the late 90s - early 2000s with the implementation of large projects at domestic poultry farms. Its development was facilitated by a significant increase in the level of income of the population and the expansion of chain retail trade.

To date, several target groups of consumers have formed in the quail egg market, characterized by different motivations.

"Consumption for medical reasons." The oldest segment, which has grown significantly recently, as quail eggs have become much more accessible to the general population.

"Baby food". The segment began to develop back in the 90s against the backdrop of numerous publications about the exceptional usefulness of quail eggs. Its rapid growth over the past three to four years is mainly due to increased revenues and the expansion of chain retail.

"Healthy eating." In recent years, in Russia, by analogy with developed Western countries, a fashion for a healthy lifestyle has emerged, one of the elements of which is healthy eating.

"A product for the middle class." The most promising segment. Ultimately, its development will determine the ultimate growth potential of the market. In the context of this segment, quail eggs are considered one of the most common products for the middle class. Consumption motivation is determined by a combination of factors, including taste preferences (including those based on the formation of national consumption traditions), high quality and health benefits of the product.

Now quail products are offered by all categories of agricultural producers, from large poultry farms and farmers to households. The absolute leader in production is the Voronezh region, where three poultry farms own half of the country's total capacity. The Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories, Rostov, Samara and Bryansk regions and many others have high potential.

2. Biological and economic features

Biological and economic features that make it worthwhile to breed quail:

- they are the fastest ripening of domestic birds, they begin to lay eggs from 40 days, at 2 months of age it is already a fully grown bird, which can be left for eggs or used for meat;

- quails are unpretentious, in a cage 50x95x35 cm you can keep an average of 50 birds, a quail needs 20-25 g of food per day, i.e. in two months - up to 1.5 kg, and labor costs are reduced to daily feeding, changing water, cleaning premises and collecting eggs. The norm is 70-80 birds per 1 square. m.;

Quails rarely get sick and can do without vaccination. They are less susceptible to many infectious diseases inherent in other domestic chicken eggs, and quail eggs can be consumed raw, receiving the full range of nutrients, without their loss during heat treatment. This feature allows you to obtain environmentally friendly products, without the use of vaccines and antibiotics.

The range of wild quail covers almost the entire Old World. And everywhere this bird is the object of sport hunting. Of the six currently known subspecies, which differ little in size and color, the most common is the common quail. It nests in Europe, North Africa and Asia, and winters in Central Africa and southern Asia, where it spends 7-8 months a year. Lives on plains and mountains. Nests on the ground. There are 9-15 eggs in the clutch, which the female incubates for 15-17 days. In food it uses mainly seeds, buds and shoots, less often insects. In the south of Ukraine, the Northern Caucasus and Central Asia, autumn hunting for common quail during bird migration used to become a commercial activity, and the birds were salted in barrels for future use. The total catch in the fall on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus reached several thousand. In Central Asia and the Caucasus, hunting with specially trained sparrowhawks is still common.

Mineral fertilizers and pesticides used in the fields, as well as mass catching, have led to a sharp decline in the number of quails at present.

3. Breeds

Before you get quails, you need to start by preparing the premises, cages and equipment. Birds can be kept either on the floor or in cages, but the room must be dry, warm, light and clean. Various designs of stationary quail houses with paddocks have been proposed; fundamentally they are no different from conventional chicken coops. But there are also several nuances that need to be taken into account: There should be no hard-to-reach places inside the room, because... quails, especially young ones, love to hide in all sorts of cracks and other secluded places. A ceiling lower than 2 m is not desirable; quail often fly upward at high speed and they need sufficient space. It is better to stretch a fine plastic mesh under the ceiling. The floor of the poultry house is covered with sand, peat or shavings. Boxes with a sand-ash mixture for dry bathing are required. The fencing of the poultry house and run is dug into the ground to a depth of at least 30 cm. At the entrance to the room and enclosure, a vestibule is installed, otherwise the frisky birds will instantly break free. The walk and the room are darkened from direct sunlight. Planting density is determined on the basis that one quail requires an area of ​​at least 15x20 cm. Excess space, as well as lack of space, leads to a decrease in egg production. It is much easier to keep quails in cages; unlike chickens, they feel good in them, it is easier to care for them and select families, you can significantly save space by installing cages in vertical batteries. At the same time, for 1 sq. m you can place 200-300 laying hens and receive 200-250 eggs daily from this mini-farm. Cages can be installed in an apartment, barn, and in the summer right in the garden. The cell area is determined at the rate of 120-150 square meters. cm for each adult bird. The shape and size of the cage can be very different, but it is better, of course, to make it entirely from welded galvanized mesh with a suitable cell size. Such cages are convenient to use, easy to disinfect and last longer. The simplest and most convenient is a cage-module made of galvanized rigid mesh. The size of the cells in the area of ​​the drinker and feeder is about 30 mm. A multi-sectional cage-shelf is very convenient. It can be placed both in an apartment and in a poultry house. You can make feeders and drinkers yourself; ready-made equipment for ornamental birds is also perfect. These are vacuum feeders and drinkers, hanging feeders, bathing areas, and mini-cages for transporting birds. What else it is advisable to have in stock: a psychrometer for monitoring temperature and humidity in the room and in the incubator; bactericidal irradiator - for disinfection of the poultry house and equipment; ultraviolet lamp type LUF and infrared halogen lamp type KG; brooder umbrella for young animals; ovoscope for monitoring hatching eggs. The domestic quail has lost its brooding instinct, which is why an incubator is needed. To hatch quail, you can successfully use chickens of dwarf breeds or domestic pigeons, but an incubator is more reliable. If you only need two or three chickens, then it is easier to buy them from an advertisement rather than try to hatch them in an incubator. This is due to the fact that it is very difficult to raise 3-5 hatched chicks. Quails feel calmer when there are a lot of them. If there are several chicks, they will squeak all the time, and it will be difficult to protect them from stress and death.

In order for pets to lay eggs regularly and feel good, it is necessary to observe certain conditions for keeping quails. This is, first of all, temperature and light conditions, as well as feeding balanced, high protein food. Otherwise, quail are quite unpretentious birds. The room in which cages for quails are installed can be with or without windows (windows are undoubtedly better) but with good ventilation, providing fresh air (per 1 kg of live weight of the bird at least 1.5 mі/h in cold weather) time and 5 mі/h in warm weather). Such air exchange is simply necessary for the intensive metabolism of quails. But at the same time, there should be no drafts in the room where quails are kept; quails are especially sensitive to them; one of the first signs of drafts is the loss of feathers in birds. Quails become almost naked, egg production decreases and mortality increases. The optimal temperature for good oviposition is 19-20 C, fluctuations from 18 ° to 25 ° C are acceptable. At temperatures below 16 ° C, the female may stop laying eggs. Birds suffer from temperature changes, drafts and cold; they can die from overcrowding. But nevertheless, cases of keeping quails in unheated rooms in winter at temperatures in the cage area within 5-12 C are described, and at the same time the quails continue to lay eggs. The length of daylight is an important factor in good egg production and viability of quails, and at the same time on the lighting of the room, but excessive illumination is also harmful - in bright light the bird becomes overexcited and pecking is provoked. It is enough to use 40-50 W incandescent lamps or fluorescent lamps (LDS-40) for lighting in the cell area. To obtain a breeding egg, the light must be on for 17 hours, the regime must be followed - the lights turn on and off at the same time, this rule applies to all other activities - feeding, collecting eggs, etc. The humidity in the room where adult quails are kept should not be lower than 55%. Lower humidity for a long time leads to a decrease in appetite and, accordingly, a decrease in egg production, the plumage becomes brittle, and the quail take on a disheveled appearance. In this case, it is necessary to humidify the air, water the floor and place containers with water for evaporation. Low humidity often occurs in summer or in heavily heated rooms. It is also undesirable to increase the humidity above 75%. The optimal humidity is 60-70% for quails of any age.

4. Feeding technology

Proper feeding of quails- the most important task of a poultry farmer. The vast majority of health problems in quails occur due to improper feeding.

Quails can consume a wide variety of food. The main condition is that the food is fresh, not moldy, and free of harmful impurities - salt and other chemicals. Dry food can be poured into the feeder with a reserve.

Any wet food should not be left in the feeders for more than two hours, otherwise it will begin to sour and can poison the birds. In addition, wet food should be mixed with some kind of cereal to make it more crumbly. Sticky, liquid, viscous food clogs the birds' beaks, nostrils, and stains their feathers.

The most suitable quail feed is compound feed for laying hens. Broiler feed is somewhat worse, although it is also suitable. Chicken feed consumption is about 1 kg per month per quail.

The most suitable homemade food for quail is a mixture of various crushed cereals (barley, oatmeal, semolina, rice, etc.), ground white bread crackers (black bread can also be used in small quantities) with the addition of protein products and vitamins.

The protein portion of the feed should be approximately one fifth of the diet. This can be boiled meat or meat and bone meal, boiled fish or fish meal, boiled eggs or egg powder, cottage cheese or milk powder. Excellent protein supplements can be fish food - maggots (fly larvae), dried hamarus, etc.

Feeding the quailV.As vitamin supplements, you can use ready-made mixtures for quails or laying hens. They are sold in pet stores and feed stores. The dosage is indicated on the packaging. If it is not possible to buy special vitamins for birds, buy multivitamins at a regular pharmacy (Kvadevit is best, Gendevit or Undevit are also suitable), crush them and mix them with food. One vitamin tablet is required per ten birds per day.

Even if you regularly use multivitamins, it is useful to add vitamin D to the food from time to time. The daily requirement of quail for vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is 3000 IU. Remember that vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) affects the bird’s body 30-40 times stronger than D2, so the daily requirement of one quail for vitamin D3 is 100 IU.

In addition to vitamin supplements, quail must receive minerals. To do this, make a small separate feeder. It should always contain ground eggshells.

In addition to shells, you can use ground shells of sea, river or land mollusks, school chalk (even better is special feed chalk). It is useful to add fine (2-3 mm in size) clean gravel here.

In cases where a quail lives with parrots and other ornamental birds, it willingly pecks their grain mixture. It is important to ensure that this mixture does not include unrefined oats. Pecking of unpeeled oats by quails can disrupt the functioning of the stomach and cause the death of the bird. The best supplement is red millet.

Quails happily eat greens - chickweed, finely chopped sow, sprouted oats, etc. They love grated carrots and ripe apples. However, you should not feed quails too many vegetables and fruits, otherwise they will produce small eggs or stop laying eggs altogether.

All components of a quail's diet must be carefully balanced, only in this case the bird will be cheerful and healthy!

It is better to feed quails 3 or 4 times a day at the same time, distributing feeding time evenly throughout the daylight hours.

Adult female quails need 21-25% crude protein in their feed. You should monitor the amount of protein almost daily. A lack or excess of protein is immediately reflected in the number and weight of eggs laid. With a lack of protein, females lay eggs rarely, the eggs laid are small, and pecking often occurs. If there is an excess of protein in the feed, these birds often lay double-yolk eggs that are not suitable for incubation.

Long-term disruption of protein metabolism is harmful to the health of quails. Conventional poultry feeds usually contain insufficient amounts of protein. Therefore, to complete poultry feed, for example, PK-1, you should add 2 grams of a protein source (cottage cheese, fish, minced meat, etc.) per day per bird. If you do not have feed, add 12 grams of protein feed per day to the crushed grain mixture for each adult female (Japanese breed). For females who have stopped laying eggs due to age, the amount of protein in the diet is reduced. The protein requirement of domestic, egg-laying breeds is higher than that of captive wild quail.

Vitamin feed should be given to quails in quantities that do not limit the needs of this type of bird.

The largest portion of feed (? 40%), especially grain, is given to quails in the evening. Grain feed is digested more slowly by the bird than others, so the quail will not get very hungry overnight.

It is not recommended to overfeed laying hens; for better egg production, birds should experience slight hunger and peck the food with appetite. However, some quail breeders argue that birds should have food available at all times. Excessive care for your pets can lead to the bird becoming lethargic and possibly fattening. Egg production with this feeding method is somewhat reduced, and feed consumption is increased. However, on large farms, quails, with proper maintenance and care, are often fed from bunker feeders. Compound feed is poured into bunker feeders based on the daily consumption rate.

The quality of feeding can be judged by the strength of the eggshell and the condition of the bird's droppings. Normally, droppings have a dense consistency, dark color with a white coating of uric acid. Liquid droppings of a dark green color or with bloody inclusions indicate a bird disease or poisoning with table salt. Yellow color is a sign of excess carbohydrate, and black color is probably from excess protein. For diarrhea, it is useful to give oatmeal or rice water instead of water.

Fattening quails for meat is usually males and culled females from 30 days of age, as well as adult birds after using them to obtain eggs and specially raised batches of young animals (in case of industrial keeping of quails). To do this, they are placed in cages with solid walls installed in a dark place; feeders and drinkers are placed outside the cages. The bird gets food and water through narrow longitudinal slits in the front and rear walls of the cage.

The cage for 35 quails is 760 mm wide and 35 mm high. Cells can be arranged in 5-6 tiers. The bird is fed in the same way as an adult. You can increase the content of feed fat and corn in the diet. Good results are obtained by fattening quails with a diet of 80% broiler feed + 20% boiled peas. It is impossible to suddenly switch quails to a fattening diet; they can get sick and even die. One diet should be replaced with another within 3-4 days, for example, on the first day, give 60-50% of the old food, replace the rest of the required food with new food, and thus gradually replace the old food with the new one.

5. Fattening quails for meat

Fattening quails for meat lasts 3-4 weeks. Females and males are kept separately in different cages. In well-fed quails, a layer of subcutaneous fat is noticeable on the chest, while the average weight of 2-month-old egg quails is 110-130 g, meat quails 160-200 g. When raising quails for meat, in the first three weeks it is necessary to maintain round-the-clock low lighting.

After this, intermittent lighting is used for females: 1 hour of light, 2 hours of darkness, the light is not bright; for males, daylight hours should be reduced to 8 hours, and the light should not be bright. At this time, the amount of feed per day is also increased, if usually 2.8-3 g of feed per day is spent on feeding quails, then when fattening the quails, this amount is increased.

Quails are also taken for fattening during the first culling. Usually these are quails with weak or twisted limbs and other defects. Such quails are kept separately, their limbs are first tied with simple threads. After 5 days, the threads are cut, the limbs are freed, otherwise the threads will grow into the legs, which will cause pain and loss of appetite. Since the quails are weak, they are given water and hand-fed for the first 24 hours until they become stronger. They are fed mashed hard-boiled eggs, as well as cottage cheese, yogurt, and sifted mixed feed.

After a week, all surviving and strengthened quails are transplanted into a darkened cage with individual compartments (limiting the movement of the bird), which allows them to be fattened for 22 to 25 days (the carcass reaches 80-100 g, the meat of such a quail is juicy and tender). Another fattening option. Quails are raised for up to 45 days, then placed in an appropriate cage for fattening for 10 days (the carcass reaches 180-200 g). Quails are separated into such a group during the second culling, when they are separated by sex, if there are excess males.

To fatten quails for meat, five-tier cage batteries from Victoria were imported to some of our farms from Italy. In each cage of such a battery, 200-250 quails of the same age are placed. The cages are made of metal rods coated with a thin layer of perchlorovinyl. The batteries are installed in a darkened room. Feeders and drinkers are located on the outside of each cage.

Fattening quails for meat 3 times a day ad libitum. In the morning and evening, a grain mixture (corn, millet) is given with the addition of 5% feed fat. During the day, feed mixture is used for adult quails. The composition of the diet is shown in Table 10.

According to B. Domanska (1973), good results in fattening are obtained by using 20% ​​steamed peas mixed with feed for broilers. In Japan, when fattening young males and females after laying eggs, only grain feed is given for two to three weeks. This method is very simple and convenient.

Adult quails are transferred to fattening quails for meat at the age of 9-10 months and when the egg production of females decreases to 50%. In this case, the females are separated from the males, but they are placed in the same room in different cages. The duration of daylight hours is reduced to 10 hours per day, and the lighting intensity is reduced. It is necessary to constantly ensure that there are no drafts in the room and that the temperature is maintained at 20-22° C.

When feeding quails of any age, you cannot immediately change the food. A sudden transition from one feed mixture to another can lead to diseases and even death of birds. Therefore, quails are transferred to a diet intended for fattening for three to four days.

The most effective fattening of quails is carried out on feed mixtures with an energy-protein ratio of 150 or more. To increase the calorie content of the feed, 3-5% feed fat (phosphatides, technical fat or fuse) is introduced into the diet.

6. Meat processing

Quail meat contains 25-27% dry matter, 21-22% protein, 2.5-4.0% fat. In the carcass the protein is 18.3, in the fillet - 23.4 percent. In addition, the mass fraction of fillet in the carcass is 37% with a fat content of less than 10%, which characterizes it as a dietary product. Based on its chemical composition and taste, quail meat is classified as a dietary product. It contains more vitamins A, B1, B2, microelements (iron, potassium, cobalt, copper) than chicken, pork or beef.

Quail meat is produced chilled, frozen, deep-frozen in the following assortment: carcass, breast, leg, breast fillet.

Quail meat is represented to a lesser extent in the retail trade network and is mainly concentrated in the public catering system, which largely explains the extremely low current demand for broiler carcasses. The fact is that broiler carcasses weighing 250-300 g are too large for one serving, so restaurants prefer to purchase specially fattened poultry (mainly cockerels) of egg breeds with a carcass weight of 100-120 g.

Quail meat has the most favorable ratio of essential amino acids (lysine, cystine, methionine, tyrosine). Tyrosine is known to promote the formation of pigment, which contributes to healthy skin color. The carbohydrate-containing protein ovomucoid, found in quail meat, is capable of suppressing allergic reactions; ovomoid extract is made from it to treat allergies. Quail meat has a high content of lysozyme, which prevents the development of unwanted microflora in it, and therefore the meat has the ability to maintain freshness for a long time.

The influence of quail meat on the reproductive functions of the body and potency is especially valuable. It is recommended to eat quail meat for diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic pneumonia, tuberculosis, diabetes, stomach ulcers, heart disease, liver disease, and kidney disease. It is also believed to improve tone and strengthen bones. Quail meat is recommended for people exposed to radiation.

Quail meat is so tasty that children eat it with pleasure boiled, without any spices, frying or other culinary tricks. In addition, it is very quick to prepare.

A properly formulated diet is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle. People are constantly trying to provide themselves and their family with the necessary level of nutrients, so they use various mineral complexes, nutritional supplements and vitamins.

But since man is a part of nature, it is necessary to look for recipes for health in its storehouses. One of these products, unique in its nutritional value, is quail meat and eggs, which can easily replenish and maintain the required level of nutrients in the body.

Dishes made from quail meat have been used in oriental medicine since ancient times; often even the divine pharaohs did not hesitate to taste the earthly miraculous quail eggs and meat.

According to many medical experts, the use of quail meat can have a positive effect in the treatment of kidneys, stomach, heart, liver and lungs. And, in general, this product is very useful for the body: it strengthens bones, improves tone, and in some cases even heals chronic diseases. Therefore, some elite health resorts purchase quail meat in bulk.

Even despite its small size, one quail carcass and its eggs are very high in calories and nutrition, and in dietary quality and taste they are significantly superior to rabbit and chicken meat.

The Internet or special kitchen books are full of recipes for cooking quail. For example, you can try fried quail. To do this, wash fresh quail meat, add salt and fry it in a deep frying pan. Next, without removing the lid, you need to put them in the oven, where over low heat the healthy and tasty meat will be ready in 40-50 minutes. But in order to get a real masterpiece, do not forget to periodically water it with the resulting juice. The finished dish can be decorated with herbs, side dishes and, of course, hard-boiled quail eggs.

In addition to the main dish, you can also prepare a salad - “Russian Forest” using quail meat. To do this, you need to cut fillet, peeled apple, boiled potatoes and pickled or fresh cucumbers into thin slices. Don't forget about hard-boiled quail eggs. Mix all this and season with sour cream or mayonnaise. Add salt, lemon juice or vinegar to taste and finish with a light dusting of powdered sugar. For greater brightness, insert sprigs of parsley or dill around the circumference.

7. Egg processing

The key to a healthy lifestyle for a modern person is proper nutrition. Unfortunately, not all foods can provide the body with the necessary amount of nutrients. People make up for this deficiency with various vitamin and mineral complexes, dietary supplements and other drugs, spending enormous amounts of money on them. Quail eggs are a natural product with unique nutritional value.

Despite their small size, in terms of the content of vitamins and other useful substances they are not inferior to chicken ones, and in some respects they are even superior. This dietary product has antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antitumor properties, normalizes the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and other systems. Quail eggs are a concentrated biological set of substances necessary for humans. It is a storehouse of nutrients and therapeutic agents. Compared to a chicken egg, one gram of a quail egg contains more vitamins: A - 2.5 times, B1 - 2.8 times and B2 - 2.2 times. In five quail eggs, equal in weight to one chicken, the level of phosphorus and potassium is 5 times higher, and the level of iron is 4.5 times higher. Quail eggs contain significantly more copper, cobalt, limiting and other amino acids. Quail eggs are superior to chicken eggs in terms of the content of essential amino acids such as tyrosine, threonine, lysine, glycine and histidine. Tyrazine is known to play a significant role in metabolism and promotes the formation of pigment that contributes to healthy skin color. Therefore, in the European perfume industry, many expensive brands of creams and shampoos include components of quail eggs; connoisseurs of natural cosmetics see the secrets of rejuvenation in quail eggs and never tire of exchanging recipes for cosmetic masks.

Quail eggs are distinguished by a high content of lysozyme, and this substance replenishes its endogenous reserve and normalizes the microflora. Along with this, lysozyme prevents the development of undesirable microflora in eggs, and they retain their freshness for a long time in room conditions.

Quail eggs are used in the bio-industry. This is due to the fact that the quail body is resistant to leukemic-sarcomatous diseases. The presence of biological active substances in eggs allows you to fearlessly consume them raw, which is very important from the point of view of preserving many nutrients in them that can be destroyed during processing of the product.

The resistance of quails to infectious diseases allows them to be kept without resorting to vaccination, and this eliminates the accumulation of medicinal substances in the body and eggs. The combination of a complex of biologically active substances with high dietary qualities makes it possible to use quail eggs in medical practice.

The effectiveness of using quail eggs in the diet of patients was known back in ancient times. Quail eggs are widely used in baby food in Japan. They have a positive effect on children who are stunted. The Japanese especially value the ability of quail eggs to positively influence the reproductive functions of the body, including potency. It is advisable to include raw quail eggs in the diet of sick and weakened children.

At the Clinic of Children's Diseases of the Moscow Medical Institute and in other medical institutions, quail eggs were tested in combination with medications on patients with bronchial asthma, chronic pneumonia, and tuberculosis. Positive results were obtained. There was also an improvement in children's appetite, weight gain and normalization of hemoglobin and red blood cell levels in the blood. quail egg meat processing

Quail shells are the most valuable. Medical studies have shown that quail egg shells, consisting of 90% calcium carbonate (calcium carbonate), are easily absorbed by the body. It contains all the microelements necessary for the body: copper, fluorine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, silicon and others - 27 elements in total! Particularly important is the significant content of silicon and molybdenum in it - our everyday food is extremely poor in these elements, but they are absolutely necessary for the normal course of biochemical reactions in the body.

The introduction of crushed quail egg shells into food has shown its high therapeutic activity and the absence of any side effects, including bacterial contamination. By taking eggshells, you don’t have to worry about excess calcium being deposited on your bones and joints, and you don’t have to worry about urolithiasis. If calcium is not needed, it is ideally removed from the body.

Quail egg shells are especially useful for young children, starting from the age of one, in their body the processes of bone tissue formation are most intensive and require an uninterrupted supply of calcium. The shell, included in baby food, has an extremely beneficial effect on rickets and anemia that develops in parallel with rickets.

Accelerated healing was observed in orthopedic diseases such as congenital hip dislocation, osteoporosis (softening of bones).

In both children and adults, the use of shell therapy has a positive effect on brittle nails and hair, bleeding gums, constipation, irritability, insomnia, hay fever, asthma, and urticaria. Eggshells are an excellent means of removing radionuclides from the body and prevent the accumulation of Strontium-90 in the bone marrow.

Conclusion

The supply of quail eggs and meat in Russia is represented by all categories of agricultural producers, including large poultry farms, farmers and households. Despite the large number of players, quail farming is characterized by a high concentration of production, both regionally and in terms of the total share of leading companies. Although today the export of quail products is carried out in small volumes, given the high potential of the industry, as the domestic market becomes saturated, domestic producers have good prospects for entering international markets.

Bibliography

1. http://fb.ru/article/31513/perepela-na-domashney-ferme.

2. http://miragro.com/kormlenie-perepelov.html.

3. http://fb.ru/article/31513/perepela-na-domashney-ferme.

4. http://www.pelkindom.ru/o%20polze %20perepelinih %20yaic.html.

5. http://perepelka.com/.

6. http://miragro.com/otkorm-perepelov-na-myaso.html.

7. http://miragro.com/perepelinoe-myaso.html.

8. Zadorozhnaya L.A. Quail breeding. - P 27 M.: ACT; Donetsk: Stalker, 2005.

9. Small and expensive // ​​Compound/ Homestead farming. - 2000. - No. 4.

10. Formula for quail farming // Meat sector/ Poultry industry. - 2010. - No. 4.

11. Marinchenko T.E. Sergey Ivancho, Andrey Golokhvastov: Magazine "SPHERE\Poultry Industry" No. 4 (04) 2010.

Posted on Allbest.ru

...

Similar documents

The pace of development of poultry farming in the domestic market of Kazakhstan. Increased production of chilled poultry meat. Decrease in imports of poultry meat from the USA, Russia and Ukraine. Chicken egg production. Increasing the competitiveness of products.

abstract, added 05/18/2016


System of organization of breeding and industrial farms. Features of automation of bird feeding and mechanization of egg assembly. Conducting research on the production of broiler, duck, turkey and geese meat. Technological processes for the production of poultry meat.

abstract, added 04/15/2019


The current state of poultry farming in the Russian Federation, the increase in the volume of import supplies. State regulation of the industry. Advantages of cage technology for raising broilers. Expanding the range of poultry by raising ducks, geese, guinea fowl, and turkeys.

course work, added 11/12/2010


Quails and turkeys as a type of poultry for use in agriculture. Characteristics and history of breeding quail breeds: wild, Japanese, marbled, Chinese, Estonian, tuxedo. Rules for keeping, feeding and breeding quails and turkeys.

presentation, added 04/06/2014


Biological characteristics of poultry, omnivorousness, fertility, precocity; breeds of chickens, geese and ducks. Tamed non-domesticated birds. Basics of incubating poultry eggs: heat and air conditions, humidity, hatching time.

abstract, added 11/18/2009


Anatomical and physiological characteristics and productive qualities of turkeys. Nutritional and biological value, dietary qualities of their meat. Keeping birds and technology for raising them. Feed rations for turkey poults. Technological process of meat production.

course work, added 04/14/2015


Productive qualities of poultry (egg production, fertility and hatchability of eggs, early maturity, meat quality). Raising young chickens of egg breeds. Use of feathers, down and droppings. Achievement of genetics and selection in poultry farming

test, added 02/26/2009


Characteristics of the features of the formation and recruitment of the parent herd. Collection of hatching eggs and their disinfection. Categories of eggs, according to GOST. Technology of production and storage of eggs and poultry meat. The main disadvantages in organizing this process.

course work, added 12/25/2011


Technological processes for the production of poultry meat and their characteristics. Storage, transportation and sale of broiler chicken carcasses. Methods for processing litter. Features of working conditions for poultry farm workers. Laboratory quality control of raw materials.

practice report, added 10/17/2014


Biological characteristics of the bird. The main crosses and breeds of chickens for egg production and productivity. Methods and systems for keeping poultry: young animals and laying hens. The use of several methods of raising young animals. Cage rearing of chickens.

In our country, large farms have been created with a productivity of 700-800 thousand carcasses and several tens of millions of eggs per year. As a result of breeding work, significant poultry productivity has been achieved and egg lines have been bred. Quail farming as a branch of industrial poultry farming originated in Japan about 20 years ago. Japanese quails have become widespread in different countries of the world. In Russia, specialized farms and farms of collective and state farms are engaged in quail breeding, mainly in the Krasnodar Territory and in other southern zones of the country. Japanese quails are very similar to our common quails, but somewhat smaller. The live weight of an adult bird reaches 120-140 g.
Female quails begin to lay eggs at 35-45 days of age and produce 200-250 eggs weighing 10-12 g per year at a cost of about 5-7 kg of dry feed per 1 kg of egg mass. Compared to chicken eggs, quail eggs contain significantly more phosphorus, iron and vitamins, and the relative weight of the shell is less. Quail meat has a gamey taste and special gastronomic qualities. They are killed for meat at 50-60 days of age. Carcasses weigh 100-112 g, the pectoral muscle is well developed.
Quails are kept in cages, males and females separately, with 2-3 females per male, mating in this case takes place after 1-2 days. You can keep two females together with one male. With this method of keeping eggs, the fertilization of eggs reaches 75-80%. For incubation, eggs of regular shape with a smooth shell and a specific color are used. The hatching rate of young animals can be over 75%. During cultivation, the birds are well preserved. Eggs are incubated in conventional incubators at a temperature of 37.5-37.0 ° C and relative air humidity from 60% at the beginning to 70% at the end of the period.
Young quails are kept in cages measuring 145X60X30 cm, 50-60 heads each. For the first 5-7 days, the metal mesh floor is covered with paper. First, the young animals are fed and watered in cages, and later - from feeders and drinkers located outside the cages. Quails can also be raised in the first days under electric brooders, divided into several sections, and then in cages. Initially, the air temperature in the cages or under the brooders is maintained at about 35° C, by the age of one month it is reduced to 20-22° C. In the room itself for young animals, in the first week the air temperature should be 25-27° C, and by the age of one month 20° C. It is necessary to observe that there are no temperature fluctuations. Quails are very afraid of cold and drafts. In the first two weeks of cultivation, the duration of daylight hours is 23 hours, and then every week it is reduced by 2 hours and increased to 14 hours.
One-day old young are very active and grow quickly. Over the course of a month, its weight increases by more than 15 times, and by 30 days of age it weighs 80-90 g. With such intensive growth, young animals are very picky about feed. Compound feed enriched with vitamins and microelements is prepared for him (Table 65). In the first ten days of cultivation, hard-boiled crushed eggs, as well as a small amount of milk or curdled milk, can be added to the specified feed. From the 3-4th day you can also add chopped nettle or grated carrots, cottage cheese and baker's yeast. From 15 days of age it is necessary to start giving gravel. In the first days of rearing, young animals are fed 5-6 times, from 10 days of age - 4 times.
At 30 days of age, quails are separated by sex. Males have reddish-brown feathers on the chest with gray or black spots, the skin in the cloaca area is pink, and a round thickening is visible in the upper arch. Females have lighter chest plumage with round black speckles. The skin near the cloaca is bluish-gray. All excess males at one month of age are separated and fattened for 4-5 weeks in a darkened room, and females are transferred to the parent or commercial herd. Quails are placed in multi-tier cages of 3-4 so that there is about 200 cm2 of floor area per head. The room temperature for adult quails is maintained at 18-20° C, daylight hours are 16-17 hours.

At the Beshatugorets broiler factory, a specialized farm has been organized, designed to produce 5 million quail eggs. In the breeding group it is planned to have about 5 thousand females with a corresponding number of males, in the industrial group - 16 thousand laying hens with an average egg production of at least 240 eggs. The herd is recruited 4 times a year.
The farm has built several buildings to house quails of all age groups in cages. The flow production system is designed to keep young animals up to 20 days of age in one of the premises. Then the birds, mainly males intended for slaughter, are transferred to another room for fattening until 50 days of age. There are separate rooms for replacement females and breeding males. Adult livestock are kept in a separate building. The technological process system includes year-round incubation with the hatching of about 100 thousand quails, as well as slaughter and processing of carcasses.
The basic standards and technological process for the production of quail eggs and meat are developed and refined as a result of experimental work and generalization of the experience of domestic and foreign farms.

In this material:

Quail breeding as a business seems very attractive to start a project with a small initial investment. To master the growing process, it is enough to start a quail farm for 500 birds. This will not be expensive, but, in addition to mastering the technology, it will allow you to make a profit within the first 3 months, which will recoup all the starting investments.

Why choose quail farming?

There are many reasons why the quail business is profitable:

• high profitability;
• low start-up costs;
• no need to hire staff;
• very flexible project;
• does not require much space;
• low competition;
• You can practice not only in rural but also in urban areas.

High profitability is evidenced by the fact that the initial investment can be fully recouped in just six months. Initial costs do not exceed 250 rubles, but if you are smart, you can reduce these costs by 2-3 times.

The project is so unpretentious that quail breeding as a business can be done by 2-3 people. That is, at the initial stage, family members can be involved in this project. And later, when the breeding technology has been mastered, there are regular customers, and the farm has grown to 3-5 thousand birds, you can think about hiring staff.

The flexibility of the project lies in the fact that you can focus on the production of quail eggs, or you can also focus on quail meat. If desired, you can combine it to produce both meat and quail eggs. It depends on demand. If you manage to find regular customers, thanks to whom there will be a high demand for poultry meat, then you will have to focus on this activity. You need to do the same if you have regular customers for quail eggs.

This business can be started in a room of 10 m², especially if the cages with birds are correctly arranged in several tiers. Therefore, you can adapt a garage or shed for these needs. It is not recommended to do this in an apartment, although you can find such advice. Firstly, this should not be done for hygiene reasons: the risk of various diseases increases not only among apartment owners, but also among neighbors. Secondly, such use of living space is prohibited by law. It won’t be long until representatives of the housing department and the police arrive to respond to the applications submitted.

If you don’t have your own barn or garage, find and rent the necessary space. This will increase costs and will require hiring personnel who will not only care for the birds, but also perform guard duties.

Low competition in the market also encourages starting a business in this area. This is due to the fact that large corporations bypass the cultivation of quails, focusing their efforts on chicken eggs. And small enterprises cannot fully satisfy the demand of the population.

What is needed at the initial stage

First of all, you need to purchase laying quails. You can spend a little money and buy birds that are ready for laying. The average cost on the market is 150 rubles. A batch of 500 heads will cost 75 tr. In addition to the quails themselves, you need to purchase cages for them.

You can make them yourself or order them to be made by craftsmen, or you can immediately buy a ready-made version. For example, for only 19 tr. You can purchase a special cage that has 7 tiers, each of which can contain 50-60 quails. It is enough to purchase 2 such cages to place the first batch of birds in them. In total, the initial costs will be:

• 700 birds - 105 TR;
• 2 cells - 38 TR;
• feed for a year - 25 tr.

In total - 168 tr. This does not include rent, hired personnel, project registration, premises renovation and additional expenses. You can start more economically. To do this, you need to buy eggs, not quails, and purchase an incubator in which you can raise these eggs. As a result, the initial costs will be:

• incubator for 700 eggs - 30 rubles;
• eggs - 1-1.5 t.r.

In addition, if you order the cells from craftsmen or make them yourself, they will cost 6-10 thousand rubles. With bird food, you can also try to reduce costs to 10-15 thousand rubles by purchasing it at markets or in rural areas. This approach will allow you to save 168 - (30 + 1.5 + 10 + 15) = 111.5 thousand rubles at the start.

But there are some peculiarities. For example, in the first case, no time is wasted on raising quails, which is 2 months. You can receive income from the first days. This is, firstly. Secondly, all 500 birds in the first case are layers, and in the second, out of 700 eggs, approximately 450 of them will hatch.

Expected income

Consider an option in which a farm with 700 laying hens focuses on selling eggs. It is expected that they will produce 400-420 eggs per day, which can be sold wholesale for 1-1.5 rubles. Total, daily income is 400-630 rubles, and per month it will be equal to 12-19 thousand rubles. Additional income of 3-5 tr. The sale of quail droppings will also bring.

In general, this is a low income, and the initial costs can be recouped in six months, maximum 8 months. But this is an option in which adult laying hens were purchased, for which they would have to pay over 100 thousand rubles.

But what about a project involving hatchery chicks? In this case, from 700 eggs there will be no more than 450 laying hens, the rest will be cockerels. These hens will begin to lay eggs only 2 months after placing the eggs in the incubator, as mentioned above. They will produce no more than 300 eggs per day, as a result of which the monthly income from the sale of eggs will be 9-13.5 thousand rubles. Additionally, you will be able to earn up to 5 thousand rubles. for the sale of the litter.

Quail meat can be sold both by kilograms and by carcasses. To reduce hassle, it is better to sell in carcasses. The wholesale price is 50-70 rubles. per carcass. Since there are still 250 cockerels left on the farm, they can be sold for 12.5-17.5 thousand rubles. In total, it will be possible to earn 26.5-36 thousand rubles from the sale of eggs, meat and litter.

But this is profit for 3 months, and in the first case, the profit that would be received for the first month was calculated. For 3 months it will be 45-72 tr. During this period, the owner can make a final decision to expand the project and increase the number of heads, for example, by 5 times, which will make it possible to make a profit of 100 thousand rubles. monthly.

Both the first and second approaches have a right to exist. The main thing in them is sales and proper care of the birds so that their egg production does not fall. The second is ensured by proper care and feeding.

Features of care organization

In caring for birds, a lot depends on the place in which they are kept. For quails, the cages should be made of a metal frame, the welded mesh should be taken from galvanized wire. It should have feeders and nipple drinkers with a drip catcher. In addition, it is necessary to equip them with a special egg collector and a tray into which manure falls: this makes it easier to collect it and clean up after the birds.

Above were mentioned cages of 7 levels for 350 quails. The size of this cage:

• in height - 2 m;
• in length - 1 m;
• in depth - 0.55 m.

That is, for a farm of 700 birds, taking into account aisles, 3-4 m² is enough, provided that cages of this particular design are used. Increasing the number of cells, for example, to 10, will not significantly affect the required space for them. Taking into account the passage, it is enough to provide 10-12 m².

Of course, it is better to take a room 1.5-2 times larger. The smaller it is, the more forced air exchange is required. The room temperature should be maintained at +18°C. Birds need to be bathed once a week to maintain hygiene.

As for feed, the industry does not produce ready-made options for quail. Since corporations are not involved in quail breeding, there are no related products for them. You'll have to make it yourself. 100% of the feed requires the following components:

• corn - 25%;
• wheat - 33%;
• ground shell - 5%;
• barley - 5%;
• fishmeal and sunflower cake - 32%.

The result is a very nutritious composition that gives good bird growth and egg production.

Important point!

For the narrow specialization of the project, choose special breeds of quail.

If you are going to organize exclusively the production of quail eggs, you need egg-bearing breeds. But if there is an option for a good sale of meat, then we raise birds of meat breeds. If you mix it up, you get the following picture: meat breeds lay 1.5 times less eggs, but egg-bearing breeds weigh 2 times less than meat breeds, so the wholesale price for such carcasses will be lower. All this will be reflected in the profitability of the enterprise.

But here, too, not everything is so simple, because a lot depends on the buyer. For example, selling meat quails to restaurants is difficult due to their large size. For one serving the carcass is very large, but for 2 servings it is not enough. Therefore, for such customers it is better to raise ordinary egg-laying birds.

As far as litter goes, don't underestimate this product. It is valued by farmers as a very good fertilizer. It can also be used for the needs of the farm itself as an excellent source of biogas. As a result, the farm receives free heating, which reduces operating costs.

Sales of products

Growing quails as a business requires exactly the same well-established sales. They need to be dealt with at the stage of preparation for production. An entrepreneur needs to bypass:

• supermarkets;
• grocery stores;
• market outlets;
• catering establishments;
• sanatoriums, clinics, hospitals.

The purpose of the crawl is to find future wholesale buyers of the products. With those who have expressed a desire, enter into an agreement of intent. To do this, you need to register an individual entrepreneur.

You can also consider the possibility of independently selling eggs at retail through your own retail outlets. But in this case, you need to open them, hire sellers and purchase other products for sale. A retail outlet will not be profitable on quail eggs alone.

	Investment: Investment 300,000 ₽ We are the only Fishing Holding in Russia, whose portfolio includes the most advanced production facilities from absolutely ALL regions of fish and seafood production in the country! Our Group of Companies, in addition to mining and processing, independently took a leading position in the market in wholesale trade, after which it successfully created its own chain of fish stores “Kuril Coast”. Unique diversification of production assets,…
	Investments: Investments 250,000 - 500,000 ₽ "YaCourier" is a multifunctional platform that allows you to effectively solve the problems of external and internal logistics. On the one hand, this is a cloud solution for organizations with their own fleet of vehicles or staff of couriers. On the other hand, this is an automated courier service, thanks to which you can quickly find a contractor for the delivery of any cargo: from a document to 20 tons. You can place a request for delivery of any…
	Investments: Investments 2,400,000 - 3,200,000 rubles. CHICKEN WITH US is a chain of fast food restaurants in the food court areas of shopping centers. The main menu is breaded chicken dishes. We use 100% Russian chicken to produce our dishes. Our signature marinade and breading gives the chicken a unique crispy crust, which is appreciated by many satisfied customers of our restaurants. The network was founded in 2013 by an experienced...
	Investments: Investments 400,000 - 600,000 rubles. Courier Service Express is the leader of the Russian logistics market with developed infrastructure and modern technologies. For 20 years now, CourierServiceExpress has been providing a full range of services for express delivery of documents, parcels and cargo to anywhere in Russia, near and far abroad. Today CourierServiceExpress is: A dynamically growing company in the Russian logistics market; More than 23,000 service locations in…
	Investments: Investments 175,000 - 1,000,000 rubles. The Kukurai project was launched by the EmEl group of companies at the beginning of 2012. Initially, Kukurai was engaged in the sale of boiled corn in cups. We proudly promoted our brand because boiled corn is a very healthy product. Both adults and children love it, and the “corn in a cup” format is modern, aesthetic and has the ability to combine your favorite product with…
	Investments: from RUB 300,000. The opening of Pavlovskaya Chicken brand stores is possible only in the Nizhny Novgorod and Vladimir regions. LLC "Management Company" "Russkoe Pole" is the leader of the Nizhny Novgorod market for the production of poultry meat, the owner of the TM "Pavlovskaya Kurochka". LLC "UK "Russkoye Pole" includes poultry farms for growing and processing poultry, a poultry enterprise for the production of table and quail eggs, an agricultural company for the production of compound feed and...
	Investments: from 500,000 rub. We are looking for partners to publish the “HEALTH COURIER” magazine in your city. High income. You can work from home! Franchise descriptionWe, as the central editorial office, prepare exclusive articles for your magazine on the topics of health, beauty, psychology, promotion of a healthy lifestyle and prevention of various diseases that will be of interest to many, and provide you with the finished magazine in electronic form, suitable for further layout V…
	Investments: 2,500,000 - 2,800,000 rubles. The RA company has been operating in the Russian, CIS and European markets since 2004. The main activities of the company are: Attracting scientific and economic potential to create advanced medical and health-improving techniques related to the most pressing issues in the field of medicine and healthcare Development and implementation of advanced technologies in the field of medicine and health Developing schemes for the successful start and running of a medical business…
	Investments: From 500,000 rubles. We will reimburse 50% of your costs for repairs and store decoration. Low investment risks. 40% of investments are exhibition samples, which remain a liquid asset in case of problems. Any business starts to make a profit. With frendom sofas you will also get a lot of positive emotions from your business. Selling this furniture is a pleasure! Your partner is a manufacturing factory, the history of which begins in 2006 in the city of Engels, Saratov region. The company is a regular participant in international exhibitions. Residents of eighty-nine regions of Russia and neighboring countries...
	Investments: Investments 3,350,000 - 5,500,000 ₽ New Chicken is a new project of the BCA restaurant holding, which has experience opening more than 150 establishments in 8 countries around the world. The company is actively growing, developing new directions and knows what consumers need tomorrow. The company promotes a network of establishments using a franchising model. Franchise description The franchise package includes: production/trade/assembly equipment, furniture. The New Chicken franchise has…

We present to your attention a very simple and effective business idea: the production of quail eggs and the breeding of Japanese domesticated quails for meat. With an appropriate number of quails, the production advantages are obvious. Quails will not only feed your family with eggs and healthy meat, but will also begin to generate a stable income. In order to place quail cages in production, you do not need a lot of space. The size of one cage (120 x 60 x 180cm) can hold up to 100 laying quail hens. You will need an area of ​​only 0.72 square meters. This space is enough to organize a mini-farm in the extension of a private house. Even a balcony in a city apartment can become your production. If you count, then on average one quail will lay from 15 to 20 eggs per month, one egg weighing 11-12 grams. At the same time, quail eats 30-40 grams of food per day. This means that in a month, 100 quails will need about 120 kg of feed, for which the quail will lay 1000-1500 eggs. Consumer interest in quail eggs is growing every day. I think it will not be difficult to calculate the cost-effectiveness depending on the market price of feed and quail eggs in your city. Since everyone knows many facts about quail eggs and the benefits they bring, the implementation will be effective. In addition, to the quail eggs, add another similar farm for a hundred quails to produce a healthy delicacy - quail meat. Moreover, quails are ready for slaughter at the age of 2.5 months. Thus, it is possible to expand the range of products in production. Here is an approximate diagram of one quail farm for 100 heads. If you are a creative person, then you can create this simple device yourself. Thanks to your imagination, you can create more original and practical cages for keeping quails.

The volume of quail egg production depends on the number of quails

There are two main breeding methods that are commonly practiced in quail production. It is quite logical that in order to increase egg production you need to increase the number of birds. To effectively breed quails to the required quantity, there are two most popular methods. The first is when the cockerels and hens are in the same cage, the ratio should be 1:2.5, this means that for 4 quail cockerels there should be 10 quail hens. If you are just starting out, then this method will suit you as a beginner. But keep in mind that this method has a number of disadvantages, such as frequent fights between males, which leads to general nervousness in the cage and poor fertilization and, accordingly, egg production may become irregular. But if you have already sold the first batch of eggs and want to increase the quality of production, and, accordingly, the profitability of farms, then you are ready to use a different method of breeding quails. The second method is a little more complicated, but more effective. The essence of the method is to keep the males and females separately and place the cockerels in the chicken cages periodically to allow them to do their job. In this way, you will achieve high fertility rates and the breeding quality can also be well controlled. This method is good for increasing production performance and is also especially good if you want to take your breed further. For example: add Chinese painted quail, where with this method you have the ability to have better control over the desired colors and patterns that you desire. Or breed meat breeds like PHAROAH or laying hens like JAPANESE QUAIL. The only disadvantage of this production method is that it takes a long time.

Effective production requires control over quail eggs during the incubation period

Domesticated quail have lost the instinct to hatch eggs, so to a large extent the only way to breed quail is in an incubator. Collect eggs 3-5 times daily to reduce infection rates. When engaged in effective production of quail eggs, follow simple rules. Select large eggs with a strong shell, checking them carefully for any cracks or other damage. Do not wash quail eggs, otherwise you will remove their porous protective coating, leaving them vulnerable to bacterial infections. Moreover, eggs should not disturb the humidity level. It is also recommended to perform a candling test. This will show you any possible cracks in the eggs, healthy yolks and the size of the air spaces. Store quail eggs in a cool, dry place on egg trays. Storage temperature should be between 12 - 17 degrees Celsius and at a relative humidity of about 70 - 80 percent. Be careful if the temperature rises above 18° as this temperature may trigger a false incubation process. DO NOT store hatching quail eggs in the refrigerator, it is too cold for them. Some say you can use quail eggs up to 10 days old for incubation, but we would not recommend using quail eggs older than 7 days.

Quail eggs need a production ventilated incubator

Any effective production needs high-quality equipment. The room where you install the incubator should have a stable, constant temperature. The incubator must be clean and disinfected. Ultimately it is your choice which incubator you use, but we recommend using ventilated incubators with automatic egg turning. You need to turn the eggs 3-4 times a day. Then there are only two main things that you should not miss. The first is maintaining the correct temperature, which is 37.8 ° C and humidity 45-55%. Like this for the first 7 days. When your business operates and makes a profit in the future, you can then purchase an incubator that is equipped with an alarm and a reminder function via SMS to your phone. On day 7, you can test the eggs by candling to see how many eggs are fertile. At this stage, you should already notice a quail embryo inside the egg. Remove empty eggs. On the 14th day, stop the egg turning mechanism. But quail eggs need to continue to be looked after. At this stage, the humidity level should be increased to 80-85%. This will soften the shells, which will help the small quail chicks break the shell and be born. Japanese quail chicks begin to hatch from day 16 of incubation, but most should hatch by day 17. Chicks that did not hatch on the 18th day most likely died. If you managed to achieve 75% or higher survival rate, then you did everything very well.

Features of chicks hatched from a quail egg

Keep the chicks in the incubator until they are dry and fluffy, then place them in a preheated nursery. A quail chick can be left in the incubator for up to 24 hours (some say even 48 hours) after hatching. During the first week, use super fine crumbs of food, as due to the large size of the food, the quail chicks will not be able to cope. The food should be sprinkled on the floor so they can find it easily. The water should be kept away from the heat source to keep the water cool. The source of heat for young chicks in your production in the first week will be a regular 100W lamp, and after that you need to change it to 60W. When the quail chicks are 4 weeks old, they are ready to leave the nursery and move to their new homes - quail farms. When you can breed quails up to 200 pieces, then your business can already be called a farm for the production of quail eggs with a productivity of 100 pieces per day. To achieve this result, you do not need specialized investments and it will take no more than three months. An ordinary household incubator can hold 250 quail eggs per laying. And then you can develop your owl business to a scale convenient for you.

The key to a healthy lifestyle for a modern person is proper nutrition. Unfortunately, not all foods can provide the body with the necessary amount of nutrients. People make up for this deficiency with various vitamin and mineral complexes, dietary supplements and other drugs, spending enormous amounts of money on them. Quail eggs are a natural product with unique nutritional value.

Despite their small size, in terms of the content of vitamins and other useful substances they are not inferior to chicken ones, and in some respects they are even superior. This dietary product has antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antitumor properties, normalizes the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and other systems. Quail eggs are a concentrated biological set of substances necessary for humans. It is a storehouse of nutrients and therapeutic agents. Compared to a chicken egg, one gram of a quail egg contains more vitamins: A - 2.5 times, B1 - 2.8 times and B2 - 2.2 times. In five quail eggs, equal in weight to one chicken, the level of phosphorus and potassium is 5 times higher, and the level of iron is 4.5 times higher. Quail eggs contain significantly more copper, cobalt, limiting and other amino acids. Quail eggs are superior to chicken eggs in terms of the content of essential amino acids such as tyrosine, threonine, lysine, glycine and histidine. Tyrazine is known to play a significant role in metabolism and promotes the formation of pigment that contributes to healthy skin color. Therefore, in the European perfume industry, many expensive brands of creams and shampoos include components of quail eggs; connoisseurs of natural cosmetics see the secrets of rejuvenation in quail eggs and never tire of exchanging recipes for cosmetic masks.

Quail eggs are distinguished by a high content of lysozyme, and this substance replenishes its endogenous reserve and normalizes the microflora. Along with this, lysozyme prevents the development of undesirable microflora in eggs, and they retain their freshness for a long time in room conditions.

Quail eggs are used in the bio-industry. This is due to the fact that the quail body is resistant to leukemic-sarcomatous diseases. The presence of biological active substances in eggs allows you to fearlessly consume them raw, which is very important from the point of view of preserving many nutrients in them that can be destroyed during processing of the product.

The resistance of quails to infectious diseases allows them to be kept without resorting to vaccination, and this eliminates the accumulation of medicinal substances in the body and eggs. The combination of a complex of biologically active substances with high dietary qualities makes it possible to use quail eggs in medical practice.

The effectiveness of using quail eggs in the diet of patients was known back in ancient times. Quail eggs are widely used in baby food in Japan. They have a positive effect on children who are stunted. The Japanese especially value the ability of quail eggs to positively influence the reproductive functions of the body, including potency. It is advisable to include raw quail eggs in the diet of sick and weakened children.

At the Clinic of Children's Diseases of the Moscow Medical Institute and in other medical institutions, quail eggs were tested in combination with medications on patients with bronchial asthma, chronic pneumonia, and tuberculosis. Positive results were obtained. There was also an improvement in children's appetite, weight gain and normalization of hemoglobin and red blood cell levels in the blood. quail egg meat processing

Quail shells are the most valuable. Medical studies have shown that quail egg shells, consisting of 90% calcium carbonate (calcium carbonate), are easily absorbed by the body. It contains all the microelements necessary for the body: copper, fluorine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, silicon and others - 27 elements in total! Particularly important is the significant content of silicon and molybdenum in it - our everyday food is extremely poor in these elements, but they are absolutely necessary for the normal course of biochemical reactions in the body.

The introduction of crushed quail egg shells into food has shown its high therapeutic activity and the absence of any side effects, including bacterial contamination. By taking eggshells, you don’t have to worry about excess calcium being deposited on your bones and joints, and you don’t have to worry about urolithiasis. If calcium is not needed, it is ideally removed from the body.

Quail egg shells are especially useful for young children, starting from the age of one, in their body the processes of bone tissue formation are most intensive and require an uninterrupted supply of calcium. The shell, included in baby food, has an extremely beneficial effect on rickets and anemia that develops in parallel with rickets.

Accelerated healing was observed in orthopedic diseases such as congenital hip dislocation, osteoporosis (softening of bones).

In both children and adults, the use of shell therapy has a positive effect on brittle nails and hair, bleeding gums, constipation, irritability, insomnia, hay fever, asthma, and urticaria. Eggshells are an excellent means of removing radionuclides from the body and prevent the accumulation of Strontium-90 in the bone marrow.