Microcredit. Microloans: how to start your profitable business

Business idea: Making money on microloans for the population
Where we do business: office on the ground floor
Main costs: purchase of office equipment, office rent
Required equipment: printer
Consumables: money
Initial capital: from 2,000,000 rubles.
Payback period: from 2 to 8 months
Possible profit: from 100,000 rubles.

The services of companies dealing with microloans to the population are in great demand. Each person is faced with situations when money is urgently needed, the required amount is often small, and there is nowhere to take it. A sudden illness, a debt that needs to be repaid, a breakdown in a car or a work computer can shake the financial stability of a person with an average income.

Taking a loan from a bank or borrowing from relatives - such methods cannot always solve the problem. Relatives may not have money, and the bank will require a whole package of documents, the preparation of which will take time. In such circumstances, contacting a microfinance organization can be a way out of the situation.

In the context of growing demand among the population for short-term payday loans, the business of issuing microcredits is a promising area for entrepreneurs.

What you need to open your own issuing companymicroloans?

Not every organization can deal with the issuance of microloans to the population. In accordance with the Federal Law "On Microfinance Organizations", which regulates the activities of such organizations, only legal entities that are registered in a special state register of microfinance organizations can issue microloans. If this condition is not met, its activity will be considered illegal. Thus, the first step is the registration of a legal entity, and the next step is registration in a special register.
To do this, it is necessary to provide the Ministry of Finance with copies of registration and constituent documents certified by a notary, the necessary information about the organization (address, information about the founders), an application for registration of a legal entity in the register and attach a document confirming the payment of state duty in the amount of 1 thousand rubles.

Scheme of work of the company for issuancemicroloanspopulation.

The client receives funds on the basis of a loan agreement for a period of one week to a year, providing only a passport. A simplified procedure for obtaining a loan, when there is no need to collect a whole package of documents, is one of the main advantages of microfinance organizations compared to banks. Making a microcredit usually does not take more than half an hour.

At the same time, by issuing loans only on the basis of a passport, the entrepreneur bears greater risks compared to banks, which means that he wants to receive remuneration corresponding to these risks. The microcredit fee is 15-20% per week, that is, the businessman's profit will be 60-80% per month. As a rule, the average loan amount is 20-30 thousand rubles, the term is up to 15 days. When drawing up a business plan, experts advise setting a minimum of 50% of non-returns, although in reality this figure is likely to be lower.

Franchisingin the fieldmicrocredit.

You can also engage in microcrediting according to a simplified scheme - by purchasing a franchise. In this case, a large and experienced company, such as Payday or Home Money, will provide you with its brand, consulting support and marketing model. All that is required of you is the desire to work and the financial means to purchase an already established business. Such a scheme of work will allow a novice entrepreneur to gain experience that can be used already in free swimming.

A very important aspect of work in this area is the ability to minimize risks. Before lending money that is not secured by collateral, you need to consider how you will demand money from debtors and how to secure your finances even at the stage of concluding a loan agreement.

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Microcredits occupy an intermediate position in the market between consumer loans and business loans. Their advantage is that they offer a simplified application process and a quick review period, but this tool is not suitable for everyone because of its high rates - from 20 to 50% per annum.

The amount of a microcredit cannot exceed 3 million rubles. - This amount should go to the development of small businesses.

The control of microfinance organizations that finance entrepreneurs is exercised by the Bank of Russia. According to, in order to have the right to issue loans to individual entrepreneurs and companies, microfinance organizations (MFIs) must issue at least 75% of the total number of microloans issued to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs and conclude at least 70% of the total number of contracts with them.

In December 2015, a bill was adopted by the Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Russia to divide the microfinance market into two types - microfinance and microcredit companies. It should increase the transparency of the microfinance market and facilitate banking oversight of MFIs.

According to a study by RA Expert, in 2017, the microloan portfolio increased by 35% to RUB 121 billion. and continues to grow by about 30% per year.

According to a survey by SRO "MiR", 60% of MFIs work in the segment of payday loans (PDL), 17.8% - loans in installments (installment), 16% - provide services for business, in the product line there are also POS-loans (the direction of the retail business of banks, providing for the issuance of loans for certain goods directly at retail outlets) and secured loans.

The reduction of the register of microfinance organizations in the register of the Central Bank from 3,600 to 2,200 organizations is associated with a policy of tightening regulation that began in 2013.

Banks also have microcredit programs. They are also accompanied by high interest rates, which are associated with the fact that microcredits do not require collateral and have a high risk of default. However, the conditions differ in each case. For example, Promsvyazbank's Business Mortgage microcredit program for small businesses issues loans for business development secured by residential real estate.

As a rule, MFIs are guided by an already operating business that needs additional resources for development. Formal requirements depend on the company: certain requirements for turnover, reporting and business transparency. Analytical services consider the business using a combination of factors - this process takes at least a week.

The total amount of interest and payments on microcredits cannot exceed the amount of the loan by more than four times.

Experts tell more about microcrediting.

Vladimir Grigoriev, PhD in Economics, expert in finance and banking

Microcredit is the provision of small loans to individuals and entrepreneurs who do not have access to traditional bank lending. Engaged in microcrediting are MFIs - microfinance organizations that are not banks, but are under the regulation and supervision of the Bank of Russia.

The source of funding for IFIs is deposits in the amount of 1.5 million rubles. and higher. These deposits (both because of their size and because MFIs are not banks) are not covered by the guarantees of the deposit insurance system. This results in higher risk for depositors and, consequently, higher returns for them and higher interest rates for borrowers.

The main disadvantage for borrowers is the high cost of microloans. The current range of rates is from 24% to 50% per annum, and may be higher.

Let me remind you that now the current rates of the largest and largest banks on loans to SMEs are in the range from 9.5% to 13%, the rates of medium-sized banks are several percentage points higher. That is, the rates on microcredits are several times higher than even the most expensive bank loans.

The second minus is the maximum loan amount - 5 million rubles. In practice, it is usually lower.

The advantage is the quick processing of a microloan - usually within 24 hours. This is explained by the fact that MFIs, unlike banks, do not conduct any analysis of the borrower's finances or risk assessment. The risk is already built into the cosmic interest rate.

Significant factors for MFIs are only legal documents and the availability of property from the entrepreneur.

Of course, high risks lead to the fact that a conversation with a borrower who has problems with debt servicing will be the same as issuing a microcredit - quick and tough. Huge interest rates and fines charged on overdue debt, in principle, do not imply debt restructuring, which is possible with a bank. That is, the road from the occurrence of a delay to a significant increase in the amount of debt and attempts by MFIs to achieve the alienation of property in their favor to cover losses will be very short.

If the entrepreneur nevertheless decided to take a risk and take a loan from an MFI, then:

You need to make sure that this organization operates legally. This can be done on the website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, where all properly registered MFIs are located in a special register.
You need to find the best, that is, the cheapest offer.
It is necessary to collect both in open sources and from acquaintances all possible information about the future creditor.
Adequately assess your ability to pay high interest rates on a loan.

Alexey Fedorov, Deputy Chairman of the Board of Vesta Bank

To be honest, I don't believe in the microfinance market in Russia. The story with individuals has shown that this market is very opaque and has few prospects. Perhaps the only exception are “banking” MFIs. For the rest, there are huge difficulties associated with funding loans. In addition, in recent years, MFIs have often been used for various gray money withdrawal schemes.

Often, clients of such organizations receive the money that needs to be cashed out somehow. As a rule, some legal entities fund small MFIs, this money is issued as a loan, cashed out, of course, there is no question of repaying the loan. This, unfortunately, is a very common pattern. In addition, the Central Bank is consistently strengthening the regulation of this market.

According to RA Expert, the number of MFIs over the past two years has decreased from 3,600 to 2,200. This is not without reason and is due to the fact that, as the owner of one of the largest MFIs told me: “Only those clients who have been turned down come to us. everywhere".

Frankly, I don't see what should make microcredit work for small or medium businesses. The problems will be the same, for example, with funding. Also, I don't really understand how a business can survive with those unbearable rates offered by MFIs. In a word, all this gives a negative picture, and I do not see any prospects for this industry.

In the last few years, the consumer lending market has begun to regain its former momentum. After the 2008 crisis, when the banking system around the world felt its imperfection, many people began to be wary of loans, and are trying to rely less and less on the money of banks and other financial institutions. Lending sank significantly, and against this background, microloans began to come to the fore.

On the Internet, at public transport stops, in the subway and on billboards, you can see ads for the provision of small amounts of money before salary. Low interest rates, good lending conditions, the absence of strict requirements that banks impose on their customers - all this makes microloans attractive to the population.

Well, you see, it’s much more convenient to get a microloan in the amount of 2000 rubles in 15-20 minutes, while providing only a passport and an identification code, than to spend half a day at the bank, and then wait another week for you to be approved as a borrower. The demand for microloans is growing, which means that it is necessary to satisfy it with an appropriate offer.

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Economic experts note that the modern microcredit market is quite promising. In Russia, this area began to develop relatively recently, and is in the early stages of its inception. What could this mean? You have a good chance to enter the market, occupy a free niche, organize activities and make a pretty good profit. In 2011, the total number of microcredits issued was 3 times more than in 2010. In 2012, this figure increased by 2 times. There are no exact statistics for 2013 and 2014, but those who work in this area say that the demand for microcredit is growing every year.

In this article, we will talk about how to start your business on microcredit, what legal acts regulate the scope of this business. Let's talk about what you should pay attention to first of all, how much you need to invest in the business, and when it will start to pay off. All the information that will be presented in this article is based on personal experience with microcredit, as well as on the advice and recommendations of people for whom microcredit is the main income and a profitable business.

Legal regulation of microcredit

Any activity that is related to the sphere of business and finance in Russia is regulated by special legislative acts. Microcredit is no exception. If you decide to engage in this type of business, then study the law “On Microfinance Organizations” in detail. This law states that a financial entity can issue loans for a total amount of not more than 31,600 US dollars. At the same time, all relations between the borrower and the lender are regulated in accordance with the civil code of the Russian Federation. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to familiarize yourself with the norms of this code in order to understand what you need to rely on and what you will have to work with.

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The procedure for creating a financial institution for microloans

Many people think that registering a financial institution that will issue microloans is something complicated, it requires a lot of time, knowledge and special skills. In fact, registration is quite simple. You need to register a legal entity, usually an LLC, and then the company must be registered in the state register, which takes into account microfinance organizations. Otherwise, its activities will be recognized as illegal.

For registration, you need to collect the following documents:

Application for registration of the organization. All statements have a clear form in which it must be written. You can find samples on the Internet, or on the website of the state registry.
Copies of constituent documents and certificate of registration of a legal entity. It is worth noting that the certificate must be certified by a notary.
Copies of protocols that prove the decision of the founders to establish a microfinance enterprise.
A copy of the decision that approves the general director, or another head of the enterprise.
Information about all the founders of the legal entity.
Information about the legal address and place of actual activity of the enterprise. Do not forget that you may have one legal address, but in fact you have the right to anywhere in our country.
Receipt for payment of the state fee for entering your company in the register. Very often the amount of the fee changes, therefore, we cannot say exactly how much you will pay at the time of entering the data.

After submitting the documents, if everything is in order with them, the company must be entered in the register within two weeks. This fact can be checked on the website of the state registry. You are also required to provide the relevant document. It is with this document that you will confirm the legality of issuing microloans.

Basic principles of operation of a microfinance institution

The work of a microfinance institution is associated with certain restrictions, which are clearly indicated in the law governing its activities. Such restrictions include:

A microfinance institution does not have the right to act as a guarantor for any financial transactions.
Loans must be issued exclusively in national currency. These institutions do not have the right to work with foreign currency.
Activities on the securities market are also prohibited. Financial institutions cannot buy and sell shares of any companies.
It is forbidden to take into account the interest rate for early repayment of the loan.
Issue loans in excess of what is specified in the relevant law.

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If a financial institution violates one of the above points, it will be fined. It is also possible that transactions carried out in violation will be canceled, the contracts are invalidated, and interest cannot be collected from the borrower.

Any activity, especially financial, is associated with certain risks. Even before starting your own business, you must clearly understand what problems you may encounter and outline for yourself ways out of these situations. The main risks include:

Non-repayment of loans. Perhaps this is the most common problem of financial institutions that specialize in lending to the population. And here no one is insured - be it a large and well-known bank, or a small enterprise that issues microloans.
Violation of the law, and subsequent sanctions by regulatory authorities. Of course, it all depends on you. Before starting any activity, you need to study in detail the legislative framework on which your business will be based. You cannot work with the hope that your mistakes will not be noticed, or they will get away with it.
Litigation and disputes with borrowers. Some borrowers, and believe there will be, disagree with interest rates. They believe that you deceived them, counted something wrong, made a mistake somewhere, and they go to court to defend their innocence. Litigation is an extra cost for you, undermining your authority, difficulties and inconvenience.

What is needed to organize this business

The fact that, first of all, you need to register an LLC and put it on record in the state register, we said above. What to do next? What are the next steps to organize this type of business?

Next, we move on to finding a space for your office. It is important to find a good place, presentable, one that inspires confidence. Also pay attention to the patency of the place you have chosen. If the office is located somewhere in the middle of nowhere, then it is unlikely that someone will specifically look for you. Locate your financial institution in business centers, on busy streets, near metro stations, or in a densely populated residential area. The monthly office rental fee may vary depending on your region, city, district, and even the selected shopping center.

Further expenses will be for the arrangement of the premises. You need to buy furniture, computer and office equipment, safes, money counting machines, stationery, etc.

If we talk about the staff, then everything is as simple as possible. At the initial stages of development, your company can employ no more than 2 people who will issue loans, accept payments, and draw up contracts. Salaries for employees largely depend on the level of salaries in your area. But on average, you need to pay about $500 per person.

Also, at the initial stage, you will have to spend well on advertising. We will tell you more about the most effective ways to advertise a microfinance institution below.

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To whom, how and how much money can be given

Microloans are good because they are given for a short period, for a specific task. The law establishes that the borrower can be persons aged 18 to 60 years. At the same time, they must have a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The loan amount should not exceed one thousand dollars, and the term should not exceed 15 calendar days. The interest rate can be set individually, and the law does not specify the minimum from which you need to build on when issuing a loan.

At the initial stage, if you are planning to open one financial institution, $30,000 of borrowed funds will be enough for you. As a rule, few people take a thousand dollars for half a month. Most often, people need several thousand rubles to reach their salary, cover a loan, repay a debt to another person, report and buy something they need.

Advertising your business

Finance covers all areas of our life. Therefore, advertising can be given taking into account this factor. Everyone needs money, and many are ready to take a short-term loan at a small percentage. So, let's look at and characterize the main advertising areas:

Outdoor advertising. If you have the funds, you can give a good and high-quality outdoor advertising. Billboards, banners, city lights - all this will be an excellent platform for advertising your business. As a rule, in the early stages of a company's development, it is best to advertise in your area, or in close proximity to the place where you are processing loans. Considering that there is competition in this segment, you should not count on a client who will travel through the whole city to get a loan from you.
Public transport advertising can be very effective. 90% of your target audience uses public transport every day. Therefore, if you correctly form an advertising proposal and think about the original presentation, then there is a chance that this type of advertising will be able to consistently bring you customers.
Advertising in print media. Newspapers and magazines are losing more and more every year in the race of the best advertising platforms. But the issuance of microloans is a niche that can still get good results from these sources of information. Here, too, a lot depends on the quality of the advertising material, the popularity of the newspaper or magazine, and the correct positioning of your services.
Internet sphere. The realities of the modern world dictate to us such business development conditions under which the absence of a company on the Internet is considered nonsense and short-sightedness. Therefore, if you want to develop in this area, then consider creating your own website, and the possibility of issuing microloans online directly to the card of any bank in the Russian Federation. And now your site should be promoted for various requests that are related to microloans and lending. Only select requests in such a way as not to compete with banks, and collect the target audience as much as possible.
Social networks are also a great platform for your advertising. Although they are part of the common "Internet family", I would like to pay special attention to advertising on social networks. Its advantages are that you can convey advertising to potential customers by selecting the necessary parameters: country, city, age, gender, place of study and work. Advertising in social networks allows you to make a wide coverage, quickly advertise your promotion or special offer, set up an advertising campaign in such a way as to get the maximum effect at minimal cost.

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In addition to targeted advertising, which is sold by social networks themselves, you can advertise in specialized public pages and groups. Look for publics on the topic of business, finance, making money on the Internet, everything related to money. Negotiate with the administration about advertising, and promote your services.

Advertising on social networks, and indeed on the Internet, is only good if you have your own website and are engaged in online lending. Thus, every citizen of the Russian Federation who has access to the Internet can become your potential client. If loans are issued only in the office and with the signing of an agreement, then it is worth limiting advertising only among users from your city or district.

How to write a business plan: investments and payback

The most important question that interests many aspiring entrepreneurs is how much should be invested in this business, and how quickly will the initial investment pay off?

One of the points of your business plan will be non-repayment of loans issued. Experienced businessmen advise to count on 50% non-returns. In fact, this amount will be much lower, but it is better to play it safe so as not to get into a difficult financial situation later.

Initial costs will be:

Formation and registration of the enterprise. Here the amount is not large, and if you do everything on your own, then the amount of payment of all duties will be no more than $ 100.
Room rental. Perhaps the biggest expense item that will drag on from month to month. The amount of the rent depends on your city, district, location of the chosen premises, and some other factors that affect the final price.
Employee wages. As we wrote above, at the initial stage, you need one accountant who will manage financial affairs and submit reports, and one or two office workers who will draw up contracts and issue loans.
Website creation and maintenance. If you decide to do online lending, which we advise you to do, you will need to spend money on creating your website. Also, the Internet resource will require monthly investments to maintain performance. This is money to pay for hosting, to write articles for the site, to hire administrators who will monitor round-the-clock performance.
Advertising costs. In the first few months, advertising costs will be very high. You need to understand that your further profit largely depends on a good advertising campaign. Try different ways of advertising, don't rely on one thing. You need to experiment, combining online advertising, and banner advertising, advertising in print media, and promotion in social networks. Collect statistics, analyze responses and conversions, and over time you will understand in which direction of advertising you need to invest money, and what you can refuse.
The cost of purchasing office and computer equipment. At a minimum, you will need tables, chairs, several computers, a printer, a scanner, safes for storing money.
Security costs. Since the work will be with money, we advise you to sign an agreement with the security service and put an alarm button. As the saying goes, God saves the safe.

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Now a few words about payback. If we take as a basis the figure of 8,000 dollars (monthly costs), then to reach the breakeven point, you need to issue loans in the amount of at least 20,000 dollars per month. Many companies that competently approach the organization of business, already in the first few months, as a rule, no more than two, begin to pay for their activities. Also an interesting fact is that the amount of loans issued in the first three months can be one and a half to two times less than the amount of loans that the company will issue after a year of operation. After one year of work, many financial institutions have the opportunity to expand, open new branches or representative offices in other cities.

For two years in Russia the market microcredit began to be in enviable demand among our population. Since 2011, the total volume of microcrediting began to increase by 34% , in 2012, already microcredit volumes began to be fixed at the level of 50%. And since the beginning of 2013, microloans have been valued at 36 billion rubles. All this is explained, first of all, by the availability, speed of obtaining a microcredit and a minimum package of documents. If in a bank the registration procedure takes 2 days, then a microcredit company can issue a loan in 20 minutes. That is why, for many firms, the question is, how to start microloans from scratch becomes relevant.

About opening microloans from scratch

What is the essence of such a profitable business? What needs to be done and how to open microloans from scratch? Microcredit is the issuance of small credit funds to the population, the amount of which should not exceed 1 million Russian rubles. Today, this operation can be performed by legal entities on the basis of a loan agreement regulated by the Federal Law, which is called “On Microfinance Organizations”. Such an agreement is regulated by the Civil Code of Russia.

How to create your own independent microfinance organization?

There are no big problems to open your own microloan firm from scratch. You can create your own microcredit business quickly and in a short time. Start a micro loan company, anyway, what to open, but before that you need to fit into the unified state register. This includes all small financial institutions today. Without this, you will be banned from opening at all.

In order for your company name to be published in this register, please contact the Russian Ministry of Finance and provide:

a statement that you want to include your company in state registry;
notarized photocopies of the company certificate (registration, date, all data), as well as all constituent documents;
certified by the owner of a photocopy of the decision of all the founders of the company that your microfinance organization;
relevant documents on the appointment of a director, head of one of the founders of a microloan company;
completely all contact, detailed information about the opening company;
if the founder of the company is a foreign citizen, then a certificate is submitted to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation that the legal entity the person is in a foreign registry;
payment of state duty - receipt for 1000 rubles.

However, if you do not know in what form to submit the application and documentation, then you will find their samples in the published on the site. Ministry of Finance App(dated March 3, 2011, No. 26n). Within 14 days, information about your company will be entered to the register. You will receive an appropriate conclusion. From this day on, you become an official microfinance firm that can issue microcredits to borrowers.

The most effective microcredit business method is franchising

Day to day role franchising grows, according to this, both parties, both the franchisor and the franchisee, successfully cooperate with each other. How to open microloans from scratch so that it is beneficial for both parties? From franchisee it is only required to have the proper amount of capital investments and a great desire to devote oneself completely to this area. And the franchisor company should take care of all the aspects of organizing and supporting the business.

Franchise small loans over the past 2 years has been used with incredible success. The thing is that under the terms of this franchise, Gen. the director has already received established business, all programs and documentation on competent education, detailed organization of the process, microcredit concepts, the ability to work with regular borrowers using your name.

If you have already managed to show your effective activity, this means that you have already earned the trust of the population of the country, and only you will be contacted for a microloan. Then no competitors will be afraid of you.

The main risks of organizing a microloan business

Above, we have described in detail what to do and how to open microloans from scratch. However, we want to warn you about possible financial risks. You will know each borrower by sight, but you will not know what is going on in his soul. Can you rely on it? We do not exclude the fact that there are many unscrupulous clients whom you will see only once, when you give them a microcredit, then they will forget about you. Let's think now about insurance.

Possible risks that a microfinance organization will face:

a huge percentage of loan defaults;
bearing administrative responsibility for violating the law;
contesting interest on a loan, if their accrual was recognized as unlawful.

How to start a microloan business

So, you have recently opened and registered your company, which will deal with microloans for the population. First, you need to find the right room. It is better if it is in the city center, where there is a large flow of people. It is better to rent an office space in a business district. You don't need a big office up to 30 square meters will be sufficient.

Your main job is to work with cash and paper, so take care of modern office furniture and high-quality office equipment. All consumables, tables, chairs, computers, laptops, printers, office supplies should be in your office space. Take care of the renovation and expensive furniture - an indicator of the prestige of the company.

Also, think ahead about who you will hire. For the first time, you will need experienced managers who will help you in everything. Don't forget a guard or security officer. Count on the fact that, excluding tax deductions, the salary of each employee should be issued within the framework of 12-15 thousand rubles.

If you haven't been able to take advantage of the offer franchising, then you must advertise your services. This will help you marketing events, production and distribution of advertising brochures, creation of information about your company and printing on the bulletin board, publication in online publications, in local newspapers and on radio. It should be noted that for all this you need funds about 50 000 rubles per month.

Often people are faced with the need to find a relatively small amount of money in an extremely short time. Usually banks do not issue loans of such small sizes. In addition, for the provision of loans require an impressive list of documents. Therefore, people turn to companies whose main activity is microcredit. And today such a business is considered one of the most promising.

The principle of microloans

At its core, microcredit resembles the issuance of conventional loans. The only difference is that in order to receive funds, the client must provide a minimum of documents - sometimes only a passport is enough. Microfinance is provided for a short period, sometimes even for a week, but not more than a year. This business provides microloans for small amounts that are not of interest to large credit organizations. The peculiarities of the work of this sphere of lending led to the emergence of a specific law that regulates these relations - the Federal Law "On Microfinance Organizations".

For an entrepreneur, microfinance benefits from the high interest that he charges for services. For a week, on average, he receives from 15% of the amount issued, that is, for a month he can make a profit of approximately 60% of the funds provided on loan. The difficulty lies in the fact that it is not so easy to open a company providing these services.

Formation of a company for the issuance of microloans

Considering such high interest rates that activities in this area promise, many entrepreneurs are interested in the question of how to open microloans. First of all, you need to register a legal entity. The most commonly used legal form is LLC. But this is still not enough for your activity in issuing microloans to the population to be legal. It is also necessary to register in the state register of microfinance organizations.

To do this, the following documents must be submitted to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation:

Receipt of payment of the state fee for 1 thousand rubles.
A copy of the decision of the meeting of founders on the creation of a microloan company. As well as the appointment of its leadership.
Information about the company - information about the founders, legal address.
Relevant statement.
A copy of the company registration certificate, constituent documents certified by a notary.

In the event that a company is established by a foreign organization, an extract from the register of foreign legal entities is required.

In two weeks you should receive the decision of the Ministry of Finance. With a positive decision, your company receives the status of a microfinance organization and a corresponding certificate. Now you have the right to issue loans for the population up to a million rubles.

Franchise solution

Microcredit to the population can be offered by opening a franchise company. In this case, you will need a certain amount of money to purchase a franchise. But all organizational issues are taken over by the franchisor. The entrepreneur initially teaches a well-known name that enjoys a certain trust among the population. He also receives a marketing model for doing business, which saves him from financial mistakes and helps save capital, reduces the time for business development. In addition, he receives constant support from the franchise owner. True, such a decision does not save the business from high risks.

Organizational matters

Having registered a company and becoming registered with the Ministry of Finance, you can proceed to the organizational issues of doing business. First of all, you need to find a suitable room where your office will be located. As a rule, loans to the public are offered in a location where an office can be found quickly and easily. Such places include shopping, entertainment, business centers and other places where a large number of people pass during the day.

An office space of 30 sq. m. The rental price varies depending on the city, as well as on the actual location of the area. What you need to buy for the office:

tables;
chairs;
computers;
telephones;
copy machine;
Printer;
cooler.

Separate funds should be allocated for stationery and consumables.

A minimum of two loan officers and one security officer must work in one office. Their salary is about 15 thousand rubles, if we talk about small towns.

The item of expenditure must include at least 50 thousand rubles. for a month for various promotional steps. These are advertisements in the media, leaflets, signs, pillars and more.

Activity of the company

As already mentioned, such an organization can issue no more than a million rubles under one contract. It also does not have the right to perform the following operations:

demand from customers as an obligation under the contract more than a million rubles, taking into account all fines and interest;
take interest on early repayment of the loan;
conduct activities in the securities market;
issue funds in foreign currency;
act as a guarantor.

Violation of these provisions, as well as activities without proper registration, entails a fine of up to 30 thousand rubles. In many cases, contracts concluded with violations may be declared invalid, and accordingly, you will not be able to receive interest on the funds issued.

Remember that microcredits can only be issued to persons over the age of 18 and only if they have a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The lower age limit for issuing a loan is usually 60 years. On average, loans are issued in the amount of 20-25 thousand rubles. for 15 days. Usually the rate on them is from 2% per day.

Main risks

Most often, microfinance organizations face the following risks:

recognition of the accrued interest on the loan as unlawful;
disputing loan interest;
administrative liability for violations of the provisions of the law;
high percentage of loan defaults.

As a rule, when drawing up the financial part of a business plan, at least 50% of the funds are included in the non-refund item, although most often in practice this figure is lower.

Profitability

If your company spends about 250 thousand rubles per month, then you need to issue loans for this period at least 700 thousand rubles. These indicators can be adhered to in the first months of the company's operation. In six months, these figures are desirable to double. As a rule, after a year, the company has the opportunity to open additional points of loans, developing a network of its institutions. You can cross the line of self-sufficiency after a month of the first office.