Presentation on the theme "Old Woman Izergil" by M. Gorky. Presentation for a literature lesson “Old Woman Izergil” Composition of a work-story with a frame

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Romanticism in the works of M. Gorky. Analysis of the story "Old Woman Izergil"

If only for yourself, then why are you? M. Gorky

Romanticism Arose at the beginning of the 9th century and was gradually replaced by realism. Romanticism is a special type of creativity, the characteristic features of which are the display and reproduction of life outside the real concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality, the image of an exceptional personality, often lonely and dissatisfied with the present, striving for a distant ideal and therefore in sharp conflict with society, with people.

Composition of the story “The Old Woman Izergil” The first part is the legend of Larra The second part is the Life of Izergil The third part is the Legend of Danko

The Legend of Larra

Exposition (literary criticism) - part of the work that tells about the characters and actions (precedes and triggers the beginning of the deployment of units of the structure of the work)

How does M. Gorky portray Larra? (Portrait, speech) Is it important that Larra is the son of a woman and an eagle? What kind of people are his mother leading him to? What moral laws do they live by? What is the essence of the conflict between people and Larra? The “exposition” of the legend is the phrase: “This is what God can do to a man for pride!” Comment from the point of view of the meaning of the legend, from the point of view of Gorky’s Nietzscheanism. What is the tragedy of Larra’s immortality?

Prove that it is pride, and not pride, that characterizes Larra. Pride – Self-esteem, self-respect. High opinion, excessively high opinion of oneself. Pride is exorbitant pride.

The Legend of Danko

Portrait characteristics, details and their functions. What is the difference between the “strong” Danko and the “strong” Larra? Izergil calls both Larra and Danko “proud.” Is the epithet used in the same meaning or not?

Life Izergil

Hero Danko Antihero Larra Old Woman Izergil Position of the heroine Position of the author

What was at the core of her life: the desire for love and the desire for freedom? What was Izergil’s life dedicated to? Why? Can Izergil be called a strong personality? What is Izergil doomed to at the end of her life?

Homework Consider the history of the creation of A. M. Gorky’s play “At the Depth”; genre of work, conflict.

M. Gorky “THE OLD WOMAN IZERGIL” 11th grade

In 1895, Samara Gazeta published M. Gorky’s story “The Old Woman Izergil.” Gorky was noticed, appreciated, and enthusiastic responses to the story appeared in the press.
M. Gorky's early stories are of a romantic nature. Romanticism is a special type of creativity, the characteristic features of which are the display and reproduction of life outside the real-concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality, the image of an exceptional personality, often lonely and dissatisfied with the present, striving for a distant ideal and therefore in sharp conflict with society, with people.

The heroes appear in a romantic landscape. Give examples that prove this (working with text).
- What natural images could you highlight? - What artistic means did the author use to depict nature?
- Why is the landscape shown in this way in the story?

Nature is shown as animate, it lives according to its own laws. Nature is beautiful and majestic. The sea, the sky - endless, wide spaces. All natural images are symbols of freedom. Nature is closely connected with man; it reflects his inner spiritual world. That is why nature symbolizes the boundlessness of the hero’s freedom, his inability and unwillingness to exchange this freedom for anything.

Composition of the story “Old Woman Izergil”
- What is the compositional solution of the story?
- How many parts in the composition could you highlight?
- For what purpose did the writer use such a technique in the story?
In her legends, the heroine of the story expresses her idea of ​​people, of what she considers valuable and important in her life. This creates a coordinate system by which one can judge the heroine of the story.

Analysis of the legend of Larra.
- Who is the main character of the first legend? - Is the story of a young man’s birth important for understanding his character?

How does the hero relate to other people?
- A romantic work is characterized by a conflict between the crowd and the hero. What lies at the heart of the conflict between Larra and people?

What is the difference between pride and arrogance? Distinguish between these words

Prove that it is pride, and not pride, that characterizes Larra. - What does the hero’s extreme individualism lead to?

What punishment did Larra suffer for his pride? - Why do you think such a punishment is worse than death?

Analysis of the legend of Danko
The legend of Danko is based on the biblical story of Moses.
Let's compare it with the legend of Danko.
- What are the similarities between the biblical story and the legend of Danko?
- How does the plot of the legend about Danko differ from the biblical story?

What main features can be identified in Danko? - What is the basis of his actions?

How is the relationship between Danko and the crowd? (work with text)

What motivates Danko's actions? What does he do for people?

Why do you think the story ends with the legend of Danko?

How do you understand the ending of the story and Izergil’s often repeated word “boring”?
- Which of his heroes does Izergil consider himself close to? - How does the author-narrator determine his attitude to life?

sources
http://www.playcast.ru/uploads/2015/05/14/13593590.jpg Danko http://screenshots.etvnet.com/000/945/586/b07.jpg http://screenshots.etvnet.com /000/945/586/b06.jpg http://screenshots.etvnet.com/000/945/586/b08.jpg http://screenshots.etvnet.com/000/945/586/b04.jpg http: //i42.fastpic.ru/big/2012/0625/82/dc1e661f118ec196ed41953740805d82.png http://i11.pixs.ru/storage/2/2/0/HudozhnikP_6645120_16899220.jpg http://artyushenkooleg.ru/wp- oleg/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Staruha-Izergil-1.jpg http://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/8/101/181/101181623_1238961480_600purity13x7.jpg http://g01. a.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1lUVIKFXXXXbeXXXXq6xXFXXXH/62370-handpainted-%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD %D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%B4%D0%B5 %D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0% D0%BD%D1%81-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%BC%D0%B0% D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5- %D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B-%D0%B2-%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81 %D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F- %D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%B4%D0%BE% D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg http://proxy11.media.online.ua/uol/r3-f93800fa52/521a6d075a89c.jpg http:// rusplt.ru/netcat_files/95/73/640x420/RIAN_00069140.HR.jpg http://webfacts.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/3RIA-520663-Preview.jpg http://img-fotki. yandex.ru/get/5627/67700761.c2/0_a6d23_1aa699b0_orig.jpg http://hram-troicy.prihod.ru/users/67/1167/editor_files/image/105_(1).jpg Compiler of the presentation, teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU Secondary School No. 8, Mozdok, North Ossetia-Alania Pogrebnyak N.M.

Slide 1

The romantic story “Old Woman Izergil” was written in 1895. Woven into the fabric of this work are legends about the proud and cruel young man Larra, rejected even by death itself, and the noble Danko, who tore his heart out of his own chest in the name of saving other people. Romanticism is a movement in the art of the late 18th-19th centuries, which arose in opposition to classicism. Romantics are characterized by a rejection of reality, a desire to escape into an unreal world created by the author’s imagination, and extreme individualism.

Slide 2

Slide 3

Biblical motives Conservatism of consciousness CONSERVATOR (from Latin conservator - guardian), 1) an adherent of conservative views, an opponent of progress and change. 2) In Great Britain and a number of other countries, a member of the Conservative Party. Disappointment PROPHETS are such holy people who, at the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, prophesied (i.e. predicted) the future, especially about the Savior; They proclaimed the will of God, taught people true faith and piety, and performed various signs and wonders.

Slide 4

The Flight of Moses Moses grew up in the king's court, but he knew that he was a Jew and loved his people. One day he stood up for a Jew, who was being mercilessly beaten by an overseer, and killed an Egyptian. This became known and Moses had to flee to another country. The Calling of Moses One day Moses was tending his flocks near Mount Horeb. There he saw a thorn bush that was burning and was not consumed. Thus (in the form of a fiery bush) God appeared to Moses and commanded him to lead the Jewish people out of Egypt. At the same time, God gave Moses the power to perform miracles. And since Moses was tongue-tied (that is, he stuttered), the Lord gave him his brother Aaron to help him, so that he could speak in his place. The Childhood of Moses At that time, the Lord gave a boy to two pious people. For three months his mother hid him from the Egyptians. And then she wove a basket, tarred it and hid it in the reeds. The boy's sister stayed behind to look after him. The baby was found by the Pharaoh's daughter, who came to bathe. She took pity on the child, ordered the boy to be fed, and when he grew up, to bring him to the palace. Now no one could harm the child. So the Lord saved the baby. When the boy grew up, his mother brought him to the princess. The princess took him in, loved him and raised him like a son. She named him Moses, which means taken out of the water.

Slide 5

Moses and Aaron first conveyed the will of God to the elders of the people of Israel, and then they went to Pharaoh and, in the name of God, demanded that he release the Jews. But Pharaoh became angry and ordered the Jews to be oppressed even more. Then Moses, at the command of God, brought 10 plagues on the Egyptians, that is, great disasters, so that Pharaoh would release the Jewish people. These disasters did not affect the Jews. After the tenth plague, Pharaoh released the Jews.

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

What are the similarities between the plots of the biblical story and the legend of Danko? How does the plot of the legend about Danko differ from the biblical story? Moses and Danko act in similar circumstances - they lead people out of places that are dangerous for further residence. In both cases, the path turns out to be difficult, and the relationship between Moses and Danko with the crowd becomes more complicated as people lose faith in their salvation. Moses relies on God's help in everything because he does His will. The Lord intervenes when he sees that people have disobeyed him: he punishes the Israelis, and only after trials leads them on the path to the promised promised land. Danko himself volunteers to save people, no one helps him, he himself managed to rally and lead the people gripped by anger further.

Slide 9

The meaning of plot discrepancies in legends. Find in Gorky's story an explanation of the main reason why strong people “could not fight to the death” with their enemies. How right people are in striving to preserve “covenants” even at the cost of giving up their will. Has the possibility of moving forward been considered? People are conservative, justifying their indecisiveness and irresponsibility to generations by the fact that they are forced to do nothing in order to preserve “covenants” for them. How did the relationship develop between Danko and the crowd along the way? Why did people "look at him and see that he was the best of them"? Why did they “begin to grumble about Danko”? Why did people “lash out in anger at Danko”? What feelings does Danko have for people? How do people behave towards the hero?

Slide 10

The mood of the crowd is explained by impulse, the desire to relieve oneself of responsibility, the blind faith that Danko alone will cope with possible difficulties. An annoyed crowd that previously worshiped Danko is now disappointed. It seems to them that he is even inferior to many in some ways (“young and inexperienced”). Danko, “who walked ahead of them,” caused irritation, since “it was a shame to admit powerlessness.” And again people lie to themselves: “they began to reproach him for his inability to manage them.” Danko: “you were just walking,” “you were walking like a flock of sheep,” “indignation boiled in his heart,” “but it went out of pity for the people,” “it flared up with the fire of desire to save them.” Danko managed to pacify his pride. The feeling of love for the world and the people in it won. He dies happy, with a sense of accomplishment, with a clear conscience. “joyful and full of hope...did not notice death...” Danko did not realize at what cost the daredevil achieved that they came “to a free land.” They are still going through their trials on the way, their old fears are still alive in them. Therefore, “one cautious man...steps on a proud heart with his foot...” But over time, the people pay tribute to their heroes: the “blue sparks” of their memory live in their minds forever.

Slide 1

In this lesson we will get acquainted with the work of M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil”, which dates back to the period of his early work. The work is unusual in that it consists of legends told by the old woman Izergil, all of them associated with the same type of heroes - strong, proud and beautiful.

Slide 2

Gorky's early stories date back to the early 90s of the 19th century - a time when Bunin and Chekhov adhered to extreme realism in their works. However, Gorky believed that it was necessary to look for new ways to develop literature: “The task of literature is to capture in colors, words, sounds, and forms what is best, beautiful, honest, noble in a person. In particular, my task is to awaken a person’s pride in himself, to tell him that he is the best, the most sacred thing in life and that besides him there is nothing worthy of attention. The world is the fruit of his creativity, God is a particle of his mind and heart...”

"Old Isergil"

Slide 3

The heroes of his romantic stories are exceptional people, “with the sun in their blood.” People who are able to resist the majority who do not want to know anything about the true purpose of man. They are proud, free and, most often, beautiful. The morality by which the gray mass of people lives is not for them; it limits, drives these superhumans into the framework.

Slide 4

The romance of Gorky's early stories does not take one away from life, but calls to action. Danko, old woman Izergil, Larra are active heroes, capable of rising above the rest of the world. They are opposed by people who are trying to humble them and force them to serve their own interests. The world of the works is divided into light and darkness, which is important when assessing the heroes: after Larra there remains a shadow, after Danko there are sparks. Gorky clearly gives preference to people who are not connected with the outside world. A man obsessed with a dream, a Man with a capital M, is much more interesting for a writer.

Slide 5

The hero is head and shoulders above the people around him; their society is rejected by him, as well as vice versa. The loneliness of this hero is a typical, natural state for him. Heroes find their equal beginning only in communication with the elements, with the natural world. Therefore, the importance of the landscape is enormous: “...And then it became so dark in the forest, as if all the nights had gathered in it at once, how many there had been in the world since he was born, and lightning, flying over the tops of the forest, illuminated it blue for a minute, cold fire, and disappeared as quickly as they appeared..." "...Danko's heart burned as brightly as the sun, and brighter than the sun, and the whole forest fell silent, illuminated by this torch of love for people, and the darkness scattered from its light and there, deep in the forest, trembling, she fell into the rotten mouth of the swamp ... "

Slide 6

The characters' characters are shown to the limit: Larra - extreme individualism, Danko - extreme self-sacrifice. Larra's individualism is explained by the fact that he is the son of an eagle, embodying the ideal of strength and will. Izergil explains Danko’s exclusivity by his beauty: “...Danko is one of those people, a handsome young man. The beautiful are always brave... ...A lot of strength and living fire shone in his eyes..."

Slide 7

Despite the obvious contrast of the images, they have something in common - both of them are people of the same world - the world of Izergil, and both are opposed to society, one rejects people out of contempt for them, the other finds himself in the position of the rejected. The author admires these people, their strength and beauty, and at the same time he does not agree with their position. Izergil tells the legends that frame her life, on the one hand representing the highest love of life, on the other - the highest contempt. Her whole life is devoted to love, but Izergil has already forgotten those who just recently occupied her imagination.

Slide 8

Her indifference to those to whom she gave her love is amazing. Condemning Larra, Izergil thinks that her life is similar to Danko’s life, but through the portraits of the heroes we see the opposite: “... He has already become like a shadow - it’s time! He lives for thousands of years, the sun dried up his body, blood and bones, the wind scattered them…”, Izergil says about Larra, but the narrator sees almost the same features in her.

Slide 9

The romantic position of the heroine, with all her beauty in youth and exaltation, is denied by the narrator. Gorky understands that man “in the absence of God” suffers or degenerates into an animal. He hated suffering, and considered the animal state unworthy of the image of a person. Therefore, at the turn of the century, Gorky set out to first find and then build God.

Goals: Analysis of the text of a work of art, training in conducting a debate, developing the ability to use literary terms, teaching a monologue reasoned answer.

UMK - textbook for educational institutions in 2 hours, V. Ya. Korovina, V. P. Zhuravlev, V. I. Korovin, M., “Enlightenment”, 2013

Lesson type: discussion lesson

Equipment: portrait of the writer, illustrations to the legend of Danko, presentation, computer, projector, screen, book exhibition.

Board design:

A person cannot have any other goal than to be a real person.

L. Schaefer /illustration/

It is bad when a person does not have something for which he is ready to die.

L. Tolstoy /illustration/

During the classes.

Organizing time.

In today's lesson we will work on analyzing the work of A.M. Gorky, talk about the story "Danko", and try to determine what the meaning of life is for literary heroes and for you and me.

At home, you yourself became acquainted with some of the works of A. M. Gorky and probably noticed that they very often touch on the topic of the meaning of life.

Survey of students on the material assigned at home.

Studying new educational material.

Let's turn to the text from A.M. Gorky's story “Danko”.

Expressive reading of text by students.

1.What do you think is the main idea of ​​the story?

U.: Indeed, a person living among people must strive for the best for himself and for others, be on the move all the time, set a goal and go towards it.

Please read the epigraph for today's lesson and write it down. How do you understand the meaning of these words?

Let's think together whether the heroes of the story "Danko" have their own high goal. Slide 2 ends here.

2.Tell us about people’s lives before Danko appeared.

Remember the epithets that the author “awards” to these people.

What happened to this “strong, brave tribe”? Prove it with text. Slide 3 ends here.

3. Why was fear born in people’s souls?

U.: So, the fear of death turned out to be stronger than man. “No one was afraid of slave life anymore...” What do you think “slave life” is? Why is slavery so terrible for free people? Slide 4 ends here.

U.: Slavery cripples human souls; without freedom, any work can become torture, and life can become a long “dying.” Slide 5 ends here.

4.Is Danko’s appearance important for these people? Why?

What he really is? Support your words with text.

U.: I agree, it’s very important. After all, it is very difficult to take responsibility for the lives of other people, it is difficult morally and physically to be “Danko”. Slide 6 ends here.

5. Read about the journey that people had to overcome.

What visual and expressive means does the author use?

U.: People move forward, they feel the strength and support of their leader.

Why “small”? By what artistic device does Gorky emphasize their insignificance? Slide 7 ends here.

U.: Taking the antithesis. Little people are opposed to giants -

trees. Probably, these people, in Gorky’s understanding, became small when they were shackled by fear. Only strong-willed people can be “big”!

7. Why do people blame Danko for their troubles? Let's read the passage that talks about this conversation. /turn on music/

U.: People are tired...Danko sees that “people are like animals.” The author, I think, shows people without faces because these people have ceased to be people: they have become a herd.

8.What do you think it means to “cease to be human”?

U.: People lose face when they feel that they are squeezed by an impenetrable ring of circumstances. And how difficult it was for Danko not to get angry, not to lose face.

9. Why does Danko feel responsible for people, for everything that happens around him? Prove it with text. Slide 8 ends here.

10.What does it mean to “love people”? Are people worth love? Maybe it's enough to love only yourself?

W.: I think it is difficult to say this better than Schaefer said: “A person cannot have any other goal than to be a real person.”

Be real! It is very difficult, but who said that a person’s life should be easy?!

Turn on the music.

Expressive reading by the teacher. Excerpt “And the forest kept singing...”

Pause. The music stops.

U.: Yes, every person is looking for his place in life, Danko’s place was ahead, he gave all of himself to people, gave his “proud” life, gave it all... Danko dies... Slide 9 ends here.

11.But can we say that his life was lived in vain? Are there only sparks left in the steppe? Give reasons for your answer.

U.: No, the life of a hero was not lived in vain! Not only “sparks” remained in the steppe! There were happy people left, free land remained, but... Danko had to give his life. Slide 10 ends here.

Pay attention to the words of L.N. Tolstoy: “It’s bad when a person doesn’t have something for which he is ready to die.” I think the great writer is right... But very often there is this “but” in people’s lives.

A cautious man was found. Slide 11 ends here.

12.And, “being afraid of something,” he stepped on the proud heart with his foot. What is this “cautious man” afraid of? Which literary hero can you put him next to?

U.: Perhaps he is afraid of everything, afraid of life, afraid that something might happen. He, in my opinion, looks like the Wise Minnow from the Saltykov-Shchedrin fairy tale, who “lived and trembled and died and trembled.” After his life, there will definitely not be a single, even small, spark left. Slide 12 ends here.

Consolidation of educational material.

13.What literary characters could you compare with Danko?

Working with illustrations.

14.Gorky’s story is like a fairy tale, it is a fairy tale, beautiful and romantic. What works are called romantic?

Recording the definition in a notebook.

15. Do you think there is a place for fairy tales in our time? Why?

16. Guys, have you ever met people who resemble Danko? Tell us about them. Slide 13 ends here.

U.: Every person is both good and bad. People are different, that's why they are interesting. But still, if a person has a warm heart, if his soul is alive, then Danko lives in him.

17.What do you think is “everyday feat”? Is it difficult? Why?

U.: Read the aphorisms you have chosen about life, about its meaning.

Of course, it is very difficult to accomplish a feat every day. A feat is not only saving a life in an extreme situation, a feat is the whole life, it is the ability to remain human. Perhaps it is not death, but life that is the test of courage. It is important that the search for the meaning of life does not interfere with life itself. Each person makes his own conclusion about the meaning of life, but still the main thing is to remain human. Slide 13 ends here.

Write a mini-essay on one of the topics:

1.What will I do for people?

2.Be a real person.

3. The meaning of life.

Discussion of mini-essays. Slide 14 ends here.

U.: /Summary of the lesson/ In today's lesson we talked about the meaning of life. I think Publius Sirus is right: “People who are only going to live all their lives live poorly!”