To determine production efficiency and its profitability, a formula for calculating labor productivity is used. Based on the data obtained, the management of the enterprise can draw conclusions about the introduction of new machines or changes in production technology, reducing or increasing the workforce. Calculating this value is very simple.

Basic information

Labor productivity is the most important criterion for assessing the effectiveness of workers. The higher it is, the lower the cost of producing goods. It is he who determines the profitability of the enterprise.

By calculating labor productivity, you can find out how fruitful the work of workers is for a given period of time. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to plan the further work of the enterprise - calculate the expected volumes of production, revenue, draw up cost estimates and purchase materials for production in the required quantity, hire the required number of workers.

Labor productivity is characterized by two main indicators:

• Production , which indicates the volume of products produced by one worker over a certain period of time. Often calculated for one hour, day or week.
• Labor intensive - on the contrary, it already indicates the amount of time that the employee spent on the production of one unit of goods.

It is worth noting that increased productivity leads to reduced production costs. Thus, by increasing productivity, you can significantly save on wages and increase production profits.

Calculation of output and labor intensity

Output depends on the average number of employees and the time spent on production. The formula looks like this:

B=V/T or B=V/N, where

• V
• T - time spent on its production,
• N

Labor intensity shows how much effort one worker puts into creating a unit of goods. Calculated as follows:

• V – quantity of manufactured product;
• N – average number of employees.

Both formulas can be used to calculate the productivity of one employee.

Let's look at a specific example:

In 5 days, the confectionery shop produced 550 cakes. There are 4 confectioners working in the workshop.

The output is equal to:

• В=V/T=550/4=137.5 – the number of cakes made by one pastry chef per week;
• В=V/N=550/5=110 – the number of cakes made during one day.

Labor intensity is equal to:

R=N/V= 4/550=0.0073 – indicates the amount of effort the pastry chef puts into making one cake.

Performance calculation formulas

Let's consider the basic formulas for calculating labor productivity for each situation. All of them are quite simple, but the following nuances must be taken into account in the calculations:

• The volume of products produced is calculated in units of manufactured goods. For example, for shoes - pairs, for canned food - jars, etc.
• Only personnel involved in production are taken into account. Thus, accountants, cleaners, managers and other specialists not directly involved in production are not considered.

Balance calculation

The basic calculation formula is balance calculation. It helps to calculate the productivity of the enterprise as a whole. To calculate it, the main value is taken as the amount of work indicated in the financial statements for a certain period of time.

The formula looks like this:

PT=ORP/NPP, where:

• PT – labor productivity;
• ORP – volume of products produced;
• NWP– the average number of workers involved in the process.

For example: the company produces 195,506 machines per year, – 60 people. Thus, the productivity of the enterprise will be calculated as follows:

PT=195,506/60=3258.4, which means that the enterprise’s labor productivity for the year amounted to 3258.4 machines per worker.

Calculation of productivity by profit

Productivity can be calculated based on the profit of the enterprise. Thus, you can calculate how much profit an enterprise brings in a given period.

Labor productivity for a year or month for an enterprise is calculated using the formula:

PT=V/R, where

• PT – average annual or average monthly output;
• IN – revenue;
• R – average number of employees per year or month.

For example: in a year the entire enterprise earns 10,670,000 rubles. As already indicated, 60 people work. Thus:

PT = 10,670,000/60 = 177,833. 3 rubles. It turns out that in one year of work, each employee brings in an average of 177,833.3 rubles in profit.

Average daily calculation

You can calculate the average daily or average hourly output using the following formula:

PFC=V/T, where

• T – total working time spent on production in hours or days;
• IN – revenue.

For example, the company produced 10,657 machines in 30 days. Thus, the average daily output is:

PFC=10657/30=255. 2 machines per day.

Natural calculation formula

It can be used to calculate the average labor productivity per worker.

This formula looks like this:

PT = VP/KR, where

• VP – manufactured products;
• KR – number of workers.

Let's consider an example for this formula: 150 cars are manufactured in a workshop per week. Works - 8 people. The labor productivity of one worker will be:

PT=150/8=18.75 cars.

Factors influencing the value

The following factors influence the value of labor productivity of an enterprise:

• Natural and weather conditions . The productivity of agricultural enterprises directly depends on weather conditions. Thus, bad weather conditions - rain, low temperatures - can reduce human productivity.
• Political situation . The more stable it is, the more attention is paid to the development of production, and therefore the higher the productivity.
• General economic situation , both enterprises and states, the world as a whole. Loans, debts - all this can also reduce productivity.
• Making changes to the production structure . For example, previously one employee performed 2 or 3 operations, then a separate employee was hired to perform each operation.
• Application of various technologies . This includes not only the introduction of new technology and equipment, but also production methods and techniques.
• Change of management team . As you know, every manager tries to make his own additions to the production process. Not only the productivity indicator, but also the quality of the product largely depends on his knowledge and qualifications.
• Availability of additional incentives – bonuses, increased payment for processing.

In general, labor productivity of any enterprise is constantly growing. This is connected both with the acquisition of experience and with the building up of technical and technological potential.

Video: Formula for calculating labor productivity

Learn all the intricacies of calculating labor productivity from the video below. It provides the main factors influencing the calculation of labor productivity, related concepts and formulas, as well as examples of solving the most common problems that an enterprise owner may encounter.

Labor productivity is the ratio of the volume of work performed or manufactured products to the time spent on its production by an enterprise, workshop, department or individual. It is quite simple to calculate it, knowing the basic formulas and having data on the volume of production of the enterprise and the number of employees.

The production rate for 1 worker is calculated quite simply. The formulas are simple, but you need to understand how and when to apply them.

The effectiveness of human labor is characterized by output.

As quantitative indicators of productivity, natural and cost indicators are used, such as: tons, meters, cubic meters, pieces, etc.

Labor productivity is characterized by production. Output is calculated per main worker, per worker and one employed. In different cases, calculations will be carried out differently.

• For one main worker - the quantity of products produced is divided by the number of main workers.
• Per worker - the number of products produced is divided by the total number of workers (main plus auxiliary).
• Per employee – the number of products produced is divided by the number of total personnel.

Labor productivity indicators characterize the efficiency of using employees in an enterprise. One of them is the production rate.

The production rate is the amount of work (in units of production) that a worker or group of workers needs to complete in a specified time under specific organizational and technical conditions. It is installed when the same operation is regularly performed during a shift (the same products are created). Based on it, it is already possible to assign a salary to the employee.

Specific indicators of production standards are established by the enterprise - the state only gives general practical recommendations (they are set out in regulatory documents).

For each industry, the rate of output per person is calculated slightly differently, despite the existence of one simple “general” formula.

Output formula per 1 worker

Production standards can be determined for one worker by dividing the time fund by the time standard.

You can take a year, a month, a week or the duration of a shift as a fund.

For mass production and large enterprises, the standard time for manufacturing a product is equal to the standard piece-calculation time. For industries where the same workers perform the main, preparatory and final work, the time standards will be different.

It is best to take the duration of the shift as a basis. From here the average output per month or per hour is calculated.

The formula for calculations looks like this:

N exp = T cm / T op,

where T cm is the shift time,

T op – time to produce one product.

This is the same “general” formula that was mentioned earlier. It works great for mass production. It is worth noting that although it is customary to take time in minutes, you can choose other units of time.

For serial or single production, the formula will be different:

N exp = T cm / T pcs.

T cm – shift time,

T pcs – time to manufacture one product, calculated taking into account its cost.

For industries where the preparatory stage is calculated and normalized separately, the production formula needs to be modified:

N exp = (T cm - T pz) / T cm,

where N exp is the operating rate in natural units,

T cm – working time fund for which the operating norm is established (here: shift time),

T pz - time for the preparatory stage in minutes.

In cases of working with automated equipment, it is necessary to take into account the service time (which is also standardized):

N exp = N o * N vm,

where N exp is the operating rate in natural units,

N VM is the equipment production rate, which is calculated:

N vm = N vm theory * K pv,

where N vm theor is the theoretical output of the machine,

K pv is the coefficient of useful labor time per shift.

If batch hardware processes are used, the formula also changes.

N eq = (T cm – T ob – T ex) * T p * N o / T op,

where N exp is the operating rate in natural units,

T cm – shift duration,

T about – time for equipment maintenance,

T exc – standard time for personal needs of personnel,

T p – products produced in one period,

N o – normalized service time,

T op – the duration of this period.

You need to understand that “general” formulas do not take into account the specifics of a particular production. For the food industry, for example, the calculations are slightly different.

It is not enough for us to measure how many dishes a cook prepares per day; this will not say anything about his productivity: there are different dishes, including complex ones. Therefore, to calculate the production rate in this case, special coefficients are used.

One “simplest” dish is taken and taken as a unit of labor intensity. For example, a serving of chicken soup takes 100 seconds to prepare and is taken per unit. Soup that takes 200 seconds to prepare is taken for a deuce. And so on.

The cook needs to prepare the workplace and serve it. Prepare yourself for work.

The calculation formula looks like this:

N eq = (T cm – T pz – T obs – T exc) / T op,

where N exp is the operating rate in natural units,

T cm – working time fund for which the operating norm is established,

T pz — time for the preparatory stage in minutes;

T obs - time required to service the workplace, in minutes;

T exc - time spent on personal needs, in minutes;

T op - time per unit of production in minutes.

When calculating the operating hours and cleaning of industrial premises, it is taken into account that different surfaces are not washed equally well. Plus, cleaners need to move from one room to another.

N exp = (T cm – T obs – T ln – T dept) * K / T op,

where N in is the production rate,

T cm - duration of the shift in minutes,

T obs - time required to service the workplace during a shift, in minutes;

T otd - time spent on rest, in minutes,

T ln - time for a break for personal needs in minutes,

T op - time to clean 1 m 2 area in seconds,

K is the coefficient that is taken into account when cleaning. It is determined with a stopwatch. It shows how much time is spent moving between halls.

Calculation examples

For single production:

A master making handmade chapels works 20,000 s per day. Time for one piece – 2500 s.

N vyr = 20000 / 2500 = 8 pcs.

A master makes 8 handmade chapels per day.

For mass production:

The work shift time at the plant for the production of chapels is 28800 s. The time to produce one chapel, according to regulatory documents, is 1800 s.

N vyr = 28800 / 1800 = 16 pcs.

One worker must make 16 chapels in one shift.

For production, where the preparatory stage is standardized:

At another chapel plant, the time it takes workers to prepare the work area and tools is taken into account. Shift duration – 28800 s. The time to make one chapel is 1700 s. Preparatory work time – 200 s.

N exp = (28800 - 200) / 1700 = 16.82 pcs.

A worker at the second plant must produce 16.82 chapels during a shift.

For automated production:

At chapel plant No. 2, chapel machines began to be used, which, in theory, were capable of producing 50 chapels per shift. The coefficient of useful labor time per shift for machines is 0.95. The normalized service time is 0.85 work shifts.

N exp = 0.85 * 50 * 0.95 = 40.375 pcs.

The chapel machine will have to produce 40,375 products per day.

For periodic instrumental processes in production:

Other workers in the same factory must attach automatic latches to the chapels - using machines. Shift duration is 28800 seconds. 1000 s are allocated for machine maintenance. For personal needs, you can be absent for 900 seconds during a shift. During one period, the machine attaches 10 latches. Service time is 0.85 shifts. The duration of one period of use of the machine is 500 s.

N exp = (28800 – 1000 – 900) * 10 * 0.85 / 500 = 457.3 pcs.

During the course of a shift, workers must attach 457.3 automatic latches to the chapels.

For the food industry:

A cook in a canteen for workers at a chapelnik factory spends 28,700 rubles on preparing oatmeal. Preparatory time takes 1200 s. It takes the cook 1000 s to prepare the necessary ingredients and work area. During breaks, 3200 s are spent on rest. According to regulatory documents, it takes 1800 seconds to prepare one serving of oatmeal.

Nch = M × C × Ksp,

where M is the number of jobs.

The number of cleaners can be determined by the area of ​​the premises assigned to them, wardrobe attendants - by the number of people served, etc.

Labor Resource Fund in man-days or man-hours (Frt) can be determined by multiplying the average number of workers (Chsp) by the average duration of the working period in days or hours (Trv):

F rt = Ch sl × T rv

Duration of working hours in (T rv ) in the planning period can be determined by the following formula:

T rv = (T k − T in − T prz − T o − T b − T u − T g − T pr ) × P cm − (T km + T p + T s)

where Tk is the number of calendar days in a year; TV – number of days off per year; Tprz – number of holidays per year;

T0 – duration of regular and additional vacations, days; TB – absence from work due to illness and childbirth, days; Tu – duration of study holidays, days;

Tg – time to perform state and public duties, days;

Tpr – other absences permitted by law, days; Psm – duration of the work shift, hours;

Tkm – loss of working time due to a reduction in the working day for nursing mothers, hours;

Tp – loss of working time due to a reduction in the working day for adolescents, hours;

Тс – loss of working time due to shortened working hours on holidays, h.

5.3. Labor productivity. Production and labor intensity

Labor productivity characterizes the efficiency and effectiveness of labor inputs and is determined by the quantity of products produced per unit of working time, or labor inputs per unit of output produced or work performed.

There is a distinction between the productivity of living and the productivity of social (aggregate) labor. The productivity of living labor is determined by the expenditure of working time in each individual production, and the productivity of social (aggregate) labor is determined by the expenditure of living and embodied (past) labor.

The productivity of social (total) labor in relation to the entire national economy is calculated as national income per person employed in sectors of material production.

At enterprises, labor productivity is defined as the cost-effectiveness of only human labor and is calculated through indicators of output and labor intensity of products, between which there is an inverse relationship.

Output (B) is the amount of products produced per unit of working time or per one average employee or worker for a certain period (hour, shift, month, quarter, year). It is calculated as the ratio of the volume of produced products (VP) to the working time spent on the production of these products (T) or to the average number of employees (H):

B = OP / T or B = OP / H.

Hourly (Vch) and daily (Vdn) output per worker is determined similarly:

In h = OP month / T hour; In days = OP month / T days,

where OP month is the volume of production for the month (quarter, year); T hour, T day – number of man-hours, man-days (working time),

worked by all workers per month (quarter, year).

When calculating hourly output, man-hours worked do not include intra-shift downtime, so it most accurately characterizes the level of productivity of human labor.

When calculating daily output, the processed man-days do not include all-day downtime and absenteeism.

The volume of production can be expressed in natural, cost and labor units of measurement. Accordingly, there are three methods for determining production: natural (conditionally natural), cost and according to normal working hours.

Annual labor productivity (annual output per worker) is the main planning and accounting indicator for enterprises.

Labor intensity (Tr) represents the cost of living labor to produce a unit of output. It establishes a direct relationship between production volume and labor costs and is determined by the formula:

T r = T / OP,

where T is the time spent on the production of all products, standard hours, man-hours;

OP – volume of products produced in physical terms. There are technological complexity, maintenance complexity

production, production labor intensity, production management labor intensity and total labor intensity.

Technological complexity(Ttechn) reflects the labor costs of the main production piece workers (Tsd) and time workers (Tpov):

T tech = T sd + T rev

Labor intensity of production maintenance (T serv ) is a set of costs of auxiliary work shops of the main production (T remember ) and all workers in auxiliary workshops and services (repair, energy, etc.) engaged in servicing production (T vsp):

T obs = T aux + T aux

Production labor intensity(Tpr) includes labor costs of all work

side effects, both main and auxiliary:

T pr = T techn + T obsl

Labor intensity of management(Tu) represents the labor costs of employees (managers, specialists and actual employees) employed both in the main and auxiliary shops (Tsl.pr) and in general plant services of the enterprise (Tsl.zav):

T y = T sl. pr + T sl. manager

Included full labor intensity(Tfull) reflects the labor costs of all categories of industrial production personnel of the enterprise:

T full = T techn + T obsl + T u

IN Depending on the nature and purpose of labor costs, each of the indicated indicators of labor intensity can bedesign, promising, norm-

logical, planned and actual.

5.4. Labor productivity planning. Marginal productivity of labor

An increase in labor productivity is manifested in the fact that the share of living labor in manufactured products decreases, and the share of past labor increases, while the absolute value of the costs of living and embodied labor per unit of production is reduced. The change in labor productivity (index Ipt) for a certain period in terms of output (B) or labor intensity (T) can be determined using the following formulas:

I pt = B 0 / V b or I pt = T b / T 0

PT = (V 0 / V b ) × 100 or PT = (T b /T 0 ) × 100 PT = [(V 0 − V b ) / V b ]× 100 or PT = [(T b − T 0 ) /T 0 ]× 100

where В0 and Вб – production output in the reporting and base periods in the corresponding units of measurement;

Т0 and Тb – labor intensity of products in the reporting and base periods, standard hours or man-hours;

PT – labor productivity growth rate, %; PT – increase in labor productivity, %.

Labor productivity planning for sections, workshops, and workplaces is carried out according to the formulas listed above. In general, for the enterprise, labor productivity planning is carried out according to the maintechnical and economicfactors in the following order:

the savings in the number of employees from the development and implementation of each measure to increase labor productivity (Ei) are determined;

the total savings in the number of employees (EH) obtained under the influence of all technical and economic factors and measures

the increase in labor productivity (LP) at the enterprise (in the workshop, on the site) is calculated, achieved under the influence of all factors and measures according to the formula:

PT = E h × 100 /(H r − E h),

QUESTION 23

Labor productivity characterizes efficiency, effectiveness of labor costs and is determined by the amount of products produced per unit of working time, or labor costs per unit of products produced or work performed. There is a distinction between the productivity of living and the productivity of social (aggregate) labor.

Living labor productivity determined by the cost of working time in each individual production, and productivity of social (total) labor - costs of living and materialized (past) labor. The productivity of social (total) labor in relation to the entire national economy is calculated as the sum of national income per person employed in the branches of material production.

At enterprises, labor productivity is defined as the cost efficiency of living labor only and is calculated through indicators of output and labor intensity of products, between which there is an inverse relationship (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Labor productivity indicators

Output (B)— This the amount of products produced per unit of working time or per one average employee or worker for a certain period (hour, shift, month, quarter, year). It is calculated as the ratio of the volume of production (OP) to the cost of working time for the production of these products (T) or to the average number of employees or workers (H):

B = OP / T or B = OP / H.

Note that when defining the level of labor productivity through the output indicator, the numerator (volume of products produced) and the denominator of the formula (labor costs for production or the average number of employees) can be expressed in different units of measurement. In this regard, depending on the denominator of the formula used, average hourly, average daily, average monthly, average quarterly and average annual production are distinguished.

Index average daily output products reflects the average volume of products produced by one worker per day worked:

When calculating daily output Days worked by a person do not include all-day downtime and absenteeism. It depends on the average hourly output and the degree of use of the working day:

In days = In hours × P cm,

where P cm is the average actual duration of a working day (shift).

Note that if costs labor are measured by the average number of workers, then we obtain an indicator of the average monthly (average quarterly, average annual) production output per one average worker (depending on the period of time the volume of production and the number of workers belong to - month, quarter, year):

Average monthly output depends on the average daily output and on the number of days worked on average by one average worker:

In month = V d × T f

In month = In hour × T f × P cm,

where Tf is the average actual duration of the working period, days.

The relationship of this indicator with the previous one is determined by the specific gravity (d) workers in the total number of PPP employees:

Indicators quarterly average And average annual output per one average worker (employee) are determined similarly. Note that the volume of gross and commercial output can be calculated using the formula:

As for the numerator of the output indicator, then, depending on the choice of unit of measurement, the volume of production can be expressed in natural, cost and labor units of measurement. Accordingly, there are three methods for determining output: natural (conditionally natural), cost and labor (based on standardized working hours).

Natural indicators measurements labor productivity are the most reliable and accurate and are more consistent with its essence, but the scope of their application is limited. Natural indicators when determining output are used at enterprises in such industries as gas, coal, oil, electric power, forestry, etc., and conditionally natural indicators - in the textile, cement industry, metallurgy, production of mineral fertilizers, etc.

Compared to naturalcost method the definition of output is universal, however, it takes into account not only changes in the costs of living labor, but also to a large extent the influence of structural changes in the production program, material intensity of manufactured products, changes in prices, etc. Output in monetary terms at the enterprise, depending on the area of ​​application of this indicator can be determined by indicators of gross, marketable, sold and net products.

Labor method measurements Labor productivity involves the use of labor intensity as a measure of production. In practice, it has a limited scope of application: at individual workplaces, in teams, at sites and in workshops producing heterogeneous and unfinished products that cannot be measured either in natural or in monetary units. In most cases, normalized technological labor intensity at the beginning of the year is used as a product meter.

Main planning and accounting indicators Labor productivity at industrial enterprises is the volume of production in physical or value terms per employee of industrial production personnel (per man-day or man-hour worked) and the labor intensity of a unit of product or work. Labor intensity ( T r ) represents the cost of living labor to produce a unit of output. The labor intensity indicator has a number of advantages over the output indicator. It establishes a direct relationship between production volume and labor costs and is determined by the formula:

T r = T / OP,

Where T— time spent on the production of all products, standard hours or man-hours; OP— volume of products produced in physical terms.

Note that the production indicator is a direct indicator of labor productivity, since the greater the value of this indicator (other things being equal), the higher labor productivity. The labor intensity indicator is the opposite, since the lower the value of this indicator, the higher the labor productivity. There is a relationship between changes in time standards (labor intensity) and output. If the time rate decreases by (C n) percent, then the production rate increases by (U c) percent, and vice versa. This dependence is expressed by the following formulas:

Example. The time rate has decreased by 20%, then the production rate will increase by Y in = (100 × 20)/(100 - 20) = 2000/80 = 25%. And vice versa, if the production rate increases by 25%, then the time rate will decrease by C n = (100 × 25)/(100 + 25) = 20%.

Depending on the composition of labor costs, included in the labor intensity of products, and their roles in the production process are distinguished by technological labor intensity, labor intensity of production maintenance, production labor intensity, labor intensity of production management and total labor intensity (Fig. 16.4).

Rice. 4. Structure of the total labor intensity of manufacturing products

Technological complexity (T tech) reflects the labor costs of the main production piece workers (T xia) and temporary workers (T pov):

T tech = T sd + T rev,

The indicator of technological labor intensity is the most common, because the rationing of labor at an enterprise (firm) concerns workers to a greater extent, and employees to a lesser extent.

Labor intensity of production maintenance (T obsl) represents the totality of costs of auxiliary work shops of the main production (T remember) and all workers in auxiliary workshops and services (repair, energy workshop, etc.) engaged in servicing production (T sp):

T obs = T aux + T aux.

Production labor intensity(T pr) includes the labor costs of all workers, both main and auxiliary:

T pr = T tech + T obs.

Labor intensity of production management (That) represents the labor costs of employees (managers, specialists and actual employees) employed in both main and auxiliary workshops (T sl.pr), and in general plant services of the enterprise (T next head):

T y = T next + T next head.

Included total labor intensity (T full) labor costs of all categories of industrial production personnel of the enterprise are reflected:

T full = T tech + T obs + T y.

Depending on the nature and purpose of the costs of labor, each of the indicated indicators of labor intensity can be project, prospective, normative, planned and actual. In planned calculations, a distinction is made between the labor intensity of manufacturing a unit of product (type of work, service, part, etc.) and the labor intensity of commercial output (production program).

Labor intensity per unit of production(type of work, service), as already noted, is divided into technological, production and complete, depending on the labor costs included in the calculations. The labor intensity of a unit of production in physical terms is determined for the entire range of products and services at the beginning of the planning period. With a large assortment, labor intensity is determined by representative products, to which all others are reduced, and by products that occupy the largest share in the total volume of production.

Labor intensity of commodity output ( T TV ) is calculated using the following formula:

Where T i— labor intensity of a unit of production (work, services), standard hours; OP, is the volume of output of the i-th type of product, according to the plan, of the corresponding units; P— number of items (nomenclature) of products (works, services), according to the plan.

T ore intensity of the production program is defined similarly. Note that if the calculations use the technological (production, total) labor intensity of a unit of production (work, services), then accordingly we obtain the technological (production, total) labor intensity of the commodity output (production program).

To find out how effectively personnel are used in work, you will need to analyze labor productivity. The category under consideration is economic, expresses the fruitfulness and efficiency of the work of the organization’s employees regarding the production of goods.

What it is?

The labor intensity in the calculation for one product is represented by the total amount of time spent on its production. Based on this, labor efficiency is defined as the amount of product produced by a company employee per calculated unit of time.

Also, the definition of this concept is the time spent by a person on the production of one product. The production characteristics are compiled after analyzing the concept under consideration.

Sample of filling out production characteristics

Indicators are calculated for individual employees and for the entire organization. Production and production of products at individual employee locations and areas where products are manufactured must be measured in kind.

The volume of products manufactured over a certain period of time is taken into account. An example is the number of printed publications that were sorted by one person in an hour, the number of certificates issued per day by an employee, etc.

Dimensions relative to output at individual worker locations are often subject to standardization. A separate planned task or production norm is developed for the employee.

Methods for measuring labor efficiency

The productivity of employees involved in servicing various communications media can be characterized through production. This is because they are involved in adjustments and troubleshooting.

The work of such employees often involves performing duties at the workplace. Determine the required labor intensity, namely the amount of time spent on eliminating damage.

If we are talking about an enterprise that provides communication services, then the labor productivity of all employees is characterized through average output indicators. In general, it will not be possible to calculate production in kind for such a company. This is due to the provision of various services and works, and therefore the measurement is made in money.

Labor efficiency analysis

The volume of products sold by an enterprise providing communication services is reflected in the profit received. Therefore, when calculating the productivity of the entire company, sales revenue is used.

Labor efficiency is influenced by:

What is it measured in and what does it show?

Productivity is defined as a measure of the efficiency and fruitfulness of work activity. The category under consideration is expressed in two indicators. It is determined by the labor intensity of one product and the output of one person.

Production refers to the amount of product produced by a person over a specific period of time. For example, if a mechanic processes 50 parts in 5 hours of work, then the efficiency is calculated by dividing 50/5 and equals 10 parts per hour.

Types of labor intensity

Labor intensity is the time period spent on the production of one product. If an employee processes 10 parts in one hour, then the labor intensity is determined by dividing 60/10 and it turns out that one part takes 6 minutes of working time.

Labor productivity is determined through these concepts. It is understood as the number of products created in a single period of time, or the time spent on creating one product.

The company is staffed not only by blue-collar workers who directly create products; there are also employees, technicians, engineers, and support workers.

Labor Productivity Measurement

The listed persons do not independently produce the product, but create the conditions for its production and productive operation of the enterprise. When determining the productive level in the company as a whole, the labor of the listed employees is subject to accounting.

The concept of productivity is used as a generalizing characteristic of the company's production level. In practice, the expression of output in monetary terms is widely used. Using this indicator, it is possible to calculate the efficiency of the country as a whole, in the industry, and in an individual company.

The organization employs 200 people, with a total production volume of 400,000 rubles. Output for one person is calculated by dividing 400,000/200.

Output must be measured in physical form, which are pieces, meters, liters and other quantities. Indicators related to natural ones are applicable in organizations producing products of a homogeneous type. An example is stone mining, brick production, etc.

Improvement of production and its growth are mainly associated with increased productivity. A number of factors influence increased productivity levels.

First of all, the development of scientific and technological progress is reflected. Progression in the technical field affects the reduction of labor costs for the production of one product. Refers to a situation where old equipment is replaced with new equipment, improving the production sector.

The physical and emotional burden of work also affects productivity, so when new automated technologies are introduced into the work process, it is possible to significantly increase the level of production.

Formula

On average, production per month or per year in a company is calculated using the formula:

Calculation of average annual or average monthly output

To make the calculation, you first need to determine the indicators used in the formula. An indicator of product production over a period of time or labor intensity can be used. Production relative to one product over a time period is calculated as follows:

Calculation of average output of one product

Indicators regarding labor intensity are subject to calculation:

Calculation of labor costs per unit of production

The method used to calculate performance is then defined:

• cost;
• natural;
• labor.

The natural method is applicable to determining the amount of output and products produced by the organization. Measurements are made in quantities, meters, cubes and other quantities.

The company employs 100 workers. 100,000 products are produced in one month. The output per employee is equal to one thousand products (at the rate of 100,000/100).

The labor method is associated with measurement in standard hours. This type of method is not used in small and medium-sized businesses, as it is not entirely convenient.

The working process

The production process is associated with the organization of the employees' working day. For optimization, management constantly takes measures aimed at improving the working conditions of subordinates.

The begining of the work day

The mornings of employees of any company begin with the fact that they wake up. Then there is a meal, a shower, a choice of a suit to wear and a direction to the workplace.

The human brain is designed in such a way that in the sequence of performing the listed actions, it prepares the person for work.

This suggests that it is necessary to establish a schedule for completing work duties, which ensures success in production.

Often the working day starts at 09:00 and ends at 18:00, however, this schedule is not mandatory, and each employer has the right to apply his own.

In addition to setting the time for work, you need to remember to communicate with customers, thereby proving the professionalism and organization of workers. Clients are given special attention and their wishes are taken into account.

Eliminating extraneous sounds

Often, while performing work functions, a person listens to music. However, it has been proven that such sounds can distract the employee’s attention and, as a result, reduce efficiency.

For this reason, the employer is taking measures to eliminate unnecessary sounds during the labor process. The person himself may claim that music is not distracting, but in reality this is not the case.

Organization of work space

When a person performs labor functions at home, it is enough to sit down at the computer and start working. If an employee has a permanent place in the company where he works, then to improve productivity this place should be properly organized and optimized if possible.

Blocking sites that distract you from work

Upon arrival to work, the employee must block all sites and places that can distract from the performance of functions. Access to sites that are not used for work can be blocked or not opened during the work process.

Average hourly and average annual output

The average annual or monthly output for an organization is calculated using the formula:

Average annual or average monthly output

When calculating average output per hour or per day, the formula is used:

Average daily or average hourly efficiency

An increase in productivity provides the opportunity to perform additional volumes of work or create additional quantities of products with the same number of workers. The number of employees may also be reduced.

Currently, the main source of economic development is increased productivity.

This is due to the fact that the scale of production has increased and the need for services and goods has increased.

States apply an economic law related to productivity. The law speaks of a strict movement forward; it is said that labor efficiency increases due to the gradual movement of society forward.

The growth is associated with the modernization of equipment and an increase in the organization’s technical equipment. If technology is involved in production, then human costs are correspondingly reduced. Due to this phenomenon, products become cheaper as production costs fall.

Productivity growth in an organization is associated with:

• productivity gain measured as a percentage;
• savings made by increasing the category in question;
• an increase in the number of products released due to increased productivity.

In organizations, efficiency is in the process of constant growth, which is associated with gaining more experience and increasing technical and technological potential.

When a company plans for future performance, it plans to increase productivity. Indicators of economic significance are calculated by which this growth can be characterized.