Migratory birds names. What is the difference between migratory birds and wintering, sedentary ones: presentation for preschoolers. Why do migratory birds fly to warmer climes where they spend the winter, why do they come back? Settled, wintering and migratory birds: a list with a name

In the cold season, it is important for many birds to feed themselves. But there is a lot of snow outside the window, and the birds cannot find food in the snowdrifts. In order not to die, birds fly to warm lands.

Wintering and migratory birds: a brief summary for children

Rook. Kind of crow. In the north it is a migratory bird, in the southern countries it is a settled bird. Rooks nest in large colonies. In large settlements, the rook is a common wintering bird.

Stork. One of the most famous migratory birds for children. Prefers to avoid people, lives in the forest zone of Eurasia.

Nightingale. Lives in river valleys, in bushes, a very small migratory bird, flies to Africa for wintering.

Sparrow. This mobile small bird remains to winter with the person. Sparrow is very fond of bread crumbs, but is wary of people who feed him.

Titmouse. This is a wandering bird. Depending on the season, it can hibernate or move from place to place in search of food.

Magpie. A sedentary bird from the crows, often lives near a person.

Migratory and wintering birds: pictures

Tasks for the baby

Find the migratory birds in the picture and circle them.

Read the names of birds. Which of them winter in your city?

Show how the birds, fluffed up in the frost, sit.

Migratory and wintering birds: presentation

The rooks like to follow in large flocks the tractor plowing the land.
The magpie is the only bird (and not a mammal) that can recognize itself in a mirror. For comparison, the parrot does not recognize itself in the mirror, but takes its own reflection for another parrot.
A migratory bird, the pink gull, which lives in Greenland and in the north-east of Siberia, does not fly to the South when frost sets in, but flies to the North. This is due to the fact that the coast of the Arctic Ocean is not completely covered with ice, and pink gulls can overwinter there, feeding on crustaceans and fish.
There are pigeons that cannot fly. This breed is called salon roller.
Raven and crow are completely different birds, not male and female. The raven is about 10 cm longer than the raven.
Some storks periodically fall asleep during the flight. A tired bird moves to the center of the key, closes its eyes and dozes for about 10 minutes. At this time, acute hearing helps the stork to keep the height and direction of flight. The black swift can also fall asleep during the flight.
Birds do not have sweat glands, and the feathered temperature is 8 degrees higher than that of humans. Three-quarters of the air inhaled by birds goes to cool the body. But in winter, some birds do not freeze like a person.
Birds fly in wedges so that each individual can save their energy. Each bird flies after its neighbor, falling into the air flow created by the wings of the previous individual. In this case, the leader is the hardest of all - this is the most enduring individual, flying ahead of the whole flock.
Swifts and pigeons can reach speeds of about 300 km / h, gulls can accelerate to about 160 km / h.
The condor is the largest bird among those that can fly. It weighs about 15 kg, and its wingspan is up to three meters.

We live next to small feathered neighbors who decorate and enrich our lives with sonorous unforgettable singing and sometimes unusual plumage coloring. We can see small winged creatures in gardens, parks, forests and even outside the window of our apartments all year round. Many birds leave their homes and fly away to warmer habitats with the onset of cold weather. But, some of the birds remain to winter and perfectly cope with the harsh frosty winters of our latitudes. What birds remain in their native lands and how they endure the cold - let's talk about it.

Birds that live in a certain area throughout their lives are called sedentary. "Settling down" and constantly living within the same range, making nests, feeding chicks, feeding on available food - is typical for sedentary birds. These birds do not fly south with the onset of cold weather, they are able to get food even in severe snowy conditions.

Wintering birds are well adapted to frost due to the deposition of fat. In cold windy weather, birds fluff their feathers to keep warm. Most often, birds suffer not from severe winter frosts, but from lack of food. In snowy winters, it is especially difficult for birds to feed themselves. Therefore, birds settle near human habitation. This makes it easier for them to find food and survive.

Sedentary birds list with names

It seems to us that almost all birds migrate to warmer climes during the cold winter. In fact, many birds do not leave their place of residence and spend the winter in their homes. We list the most common birds leading a sedentary lifestyle. We often see these birds in city parks, squares, in forests near country houses. In winter, wintering birds get closer to human dwellings in search of food.

pigeons
tits
sparrows
Bullfinches
magpies
Jackdaws
crows
black grouse
capercaillie
Dubonosy
grouse
Woodpeckers
owls
Nuthatch
Dippers
Crossbills
Goldfinches
pikas
Waxwings
Chizhi and other birds

Sedentary birds photo with names

Let's talk about the most common birds that are not afraid of the cold and winter in our area. Let's start the review with restless and noisy sparrows.

house sparrows They live near human dwellings, which is why they got such a name. In summer, sparrows appear as nondescript gray-brown chirping birds. Only in winter, against the backdrop of white snow, you can see the true beauty of the birds. Males stand out especially with a black shirt-front on the chest and a “mask” around the eyes.

Pugnacious little creatures for the winter are grouped in flocks. This makes it easier for the birds to feed. With regard to food, sparrows are not picky - they can eat anything: edible garbage near garbage cans, seeds, seeds, hibernating insects in tree bark, dry fruits and berries.

great tit often found on tree branches in cities and rural areas. This is the largest of all types of tits. Beautiful elegant bird with olive-yellow plumage and white cheeks. The head of the tit is adorned with a black cap, and a vertical strip of black feathers runs along the breast.

The "intelligent" bird carefully peels each seed from the shell with its beak, carefully looking around. After feeding, the bird cleans its beak on a branch and flies for the next seed. Having found food, the tits notify their relatives and soon the entire blue flock flocks to the “tasty” place.

blue titmouse- decoration of our forests. A small titmouse with bluish-yellow feathers and a charming blue top on its head. Dark blue eyeliner stands out brightly near the beak and converges at the back of the head. The blue tit is an excellent songbird, its trills cover 5-15 transitions.

Other species of tits also winter in our latitudes. Most often found Muscovy tits, titmouse,crested tits. Birds love to feast on sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, plant seeds, nuts, unsalted lard.

Moskovka or black tit lives in a coniferous forest, and closer to winter moves closer to people.

Titmouse-gadgets or black-headed nuts in winter, it flocks together with Muscovites, pikas, and titmouse for joint food.

crested tits or grenadiers have a flirtatious tuft on the head, which is always raised. By winter, it gathers in mixed flocks with small birds for winter survival and is determined closer to settlements.

Nuthatch- nimble little birds that choose small hollows for housing. Females "adjust" the size of the hole in the hollow to the desired size, covering the excess space with clay. Agile birds quickly scurry up and down the trunk of trees, even upside down in search of food, as if "crawling" - hence the bird's name.

Dippers or water sparrows feel good close to ice-free reservoirs. Small fish, crustaceans, insects and their larvae in coastal pebbles are the main food for birds. The snow-white breast, which adorns a small bird, is saturated with fat and is not wetted by water. Olya is an excellent swimmer and diver. Under water, the bird can stay for almost a whole minute, running up to 20 m along the underwater rocks.

Bullfinches- bright and prominent pichugs that stand out against the background of the snow cover. Bullfinches-males have a bright red chest, females are painted more modestly. Rowan berries are a favorite delicacy of birds, so birds can often be seen on rowan branches.

Waxwings- beautiful wintering birds with silky plumage. Feathers are painted in a delicate brown color interspersed with red, yellow, black and white hues. In summer, birds feed on insects, and with the advent of cold weather and snowfalls, they switch to berries of mountain ash, hawthorn, viburnum, chokeberry, which hang on bushes in winter. Many summer residents deliberately leave some of the berries on the bushes to feed the birds in difficult times.

Jays- cautious birds with bright blue patches on the wings. "Shining" bird, as the name of the bird is translated from the Old Russian language. In warm weather, jays hide in the dense foliage of large trees, where they find a lot of food. In winter, you can see jays within the city, where they move from the forest zone in search of food. The bird has the unique ability to imitate other birds and even imitate the “knock” of an axe.

gray crows ubiquitous in urban and rural areas. Closer to winter, they group into mixed flocks of corvids for food and survival in winter. They move widely on the ground, spreading their legs, in a hurry, sensing danger, begins to “jump”.

Crows are omnivorous birds: insects, small vertebrates, chicks and eggs in the nests of other birds, berries, seeds, plant fruits - everything is suitable for a picky bird. Crows are excellent natural "orderlies", eating garbage and any carrion.

Jackdaws- numerous wintering birds living in small groups or numerous flocks with other birds. In winter, they mainly feed on food waste in landfills or from garbage containers. They spend the night in the branches of large trees. Jackdaws have long lived next to humans. Birds are easily tamed and very sociable. The craving of birds for shiny things is known.

Spotted Woodpeckers with the help of a strong beak, they look for insects, larvae and hidden clods in the bark of trees. The birds have beautiful plumage. The red back of the head and bright underwings adorn the tireless forest "nurse"-worker. White horizontal stripes on black wings give the bird a special charm. Woodpeckers move little and cover short distances. In their territory, birds create a strong knock on tree trunks, announcing their presence.

Sedentary birds in autumn and winter

Sedentary birds in summer and autumn live comfortably in their specific territory. As a rule, birds settle in their old nests. And if for any reason they collapsed, tireless workers build new nests for breeding. In summer and autumn, there is still enough food to feed on, and many birds stock up on food for the winter.

With the onset of cold weather, it is increasingly difficult for birds to find food. Therefore, many birds roam closer to human habitation from nearby forests for the winter. Here you can meet crow, jackdaws, sparrows, bullfinch, tits on the branches of park trees near housing estates. Increasingly, people are arranging artificial bird feeders on balconies, on trees near houses and in city parks.

Here, hungry birds can eat bread crumbs, seeds, nuts, cereals, and titmouse - unsalted fat.

IMPORTANT: When installing a bird feeder, bird food should be added regularly. Birds get used to feeding places very quickly, so in bad weather they rush to these places to get food. It is necessary to ensure that there is always food in the bird feeder.

Which birds are sedentary and which are migratory

settled or wintering birds stay at home during the winter. They are not afraid of cold weather and can get their own food even in cold weather, flying up to the places of human residence.

Migratory birds during the winter they fly to countries with a warm climate. Many birds cannot provide themselves with food in winter. These are mainly insectivorous birds that feed on flying insects, larvae, caterpillars, fruits and berries of plants.

Therefore, already in September, they are forced to leave their nests and migrate to countries with living conditions similar to those in their homeland. With the advent of spring and warm days, they return to their former nesting sites. Migratory birds include:

Wagtails
Rooks
Starlings
geese
swallows
Swans
Larks
Thrushes many other birds

wandering birds- an intermediate link between wintering and migratory birds. These birds are able to fly short distances in search of food and resting places. Bullfinches, woodpeckers, waxwings, tits can migrate to another territory within 10-1000 km if there is a threat to their existence and there is no available food.

What is the difference between sedentary birds and wintering birds

Wintering or sedentary birds live in a certain territory and do not migrate south with the onset of winter. In places of permanent habitat, such birds settle for life (hence the name of the birds - sedentary), build nests, and raise young offspring.

Birds can forage even in cold weather, so they stay over the winter (wintering birds are also called sedentary birds). In severe snow frosts, birds can move short distances in search of food. Most often, settled birds settle near human habitation, where they receive enough food to survive cold times.

Sedentary birds of the middle lane, list

Russian ornithologists are constantly updating the lists of sedentary birds that live in the middle part of the Russian Federation. In the context of global warming, this list is replenished with birds that migrate with the approach of cold weather closer to human settlements.

Increasingly, waterfowl remain wintering near non-freezing or partially freezing water bodies within urban areas. Here is a list of the most common sedentary birds in central Russia, which can be found in different habitats from March to December

waterfowl

Mallard
black-headed gull
Little Gull

predator birds

Rough-footed buzzard
goshawk
Merlin
Owl
White Owl
sparrow owl
Owl

forest birds

Grouse
Capercaillie
black grouse
ptarmigan
gray partridge

Kedrovka
Jay
Bunting
common grosbeak
common bullfinch
white-winged crossbill
Pine crossbill
waxwing
Goldfinch

Zelna
spotted woodpecker
grey-haired woodpecker
white-backed woodpecker
green woodpecker
three-toed woodpecker

birds that live near human habitation
Magpie

Crow

Hoodie

common jackdaw

The most beautiful wintering birds in Russia, video

Sedentary birds list with pictures Grade 3

Sedentary or wintering birds live next to humans. During the winter cold, our little feathered friends should be helped by equipping bird canteens. Birds are our little feathered worker friends. Don't forget about them in winter. The main condition for the survival of birds in severe weather is a sufficient amount of food, and not severe frosts. Let's help the birds to survive in the winter - and the little creatures will thank us with cheerful chirping in the summer and the prosperity of our forests, gardens and parks.

Video: who winters with us

When ecological or feeding conditions change, many birds fly away to warmer climes. This may be due to the peculiarities of their reproduction. These living creatures have a high level of mobility, which is not available to other birds. The article will consider photos of migratory birds with names for children, having studied which, the child will clearly distinguish between the types of living beings and independently determine which of them fly away to spend the winter in warm countries, and which ones prefer a cold climate.

This article indicates a variety of migratory for children and the description will serve as an excellent opportunity to put a starting point in the development of the child in the environmental field of knowledge. Thanks to this, from a very young age, a person will be able to lay the foundations of a new science in his mind.

Famous Names for Children of Different Ages

So, only those that fly to warmer climes for the winter period should be classified as migratory birds. The fact is that these creatures are warm-blooded (41 degrees is their body temperature on average). Therefore, they can freely maintain active positions in winter. But the problem is that not all of them are able to get food in the cold season, because the cover of the earth's surfaces freezes, and the inhabitants of the sky need to eat a lot, since the energy they expended significantly exceeds the mark that is allowed in the warm season. This is the reason for saying goodbye to the Motherland and flying to countries with a warm climate.

The representatives of the considered group include: swallow, lapwing, lark, robin, oriole, forest pipit, redstart, black-headed warbler and many others. In addition to migratory birds, there are also sedentary (remain wintering in their native lands) and nomadic (make a flight depending on the severity of the season) inhabitants of the sky. Below, photos of migratory birds with names for children will be described in detail and presented.

In what order do the birds fly away?

It should be noted that the birds leave their native lands gradually. It has been established in society that migratory birds (names for children are presented below) that feed on insects (insectivores) are the very first to open their wings. It is important to note that such creatures tend to sing very well.

In the course of many years of research, it was noted that migratory birds (names for children; see the list of birds below), such as swifts and swallows, become the initial link in the opening of the season of farewell to native lands. Then they fly away to the southern countries (for example, swans). And this is not surprising, because all reservoirs, without exception, are covered with an ice cover immediately after minus temperatures become appropriate. The crane flies next (this happens at the beginning of the first autumn month), followed by the rook.

The final link in this list are geese and ducks (the latter leave the edges later than all). There are many cases when ducks preferred not to fly to southern countries, but to stay in their native places. But this phenomenon occurs only if the freezing of their housing, the pond is excluded. Therefore, it was customary among the people that it was ducks that carried frost and winter on their tails.

Fundamental differences between migratory and nomadic birds

Migratory birds (names for children (middle group): rook, swan, duck, nightingale, lark and others) are discussed in great detail. It remains only to draw a line of differences between them and nomadic living beings. So, in any case, migratory birds will prefer to leave their homeland with the onset of cold weather, regardless of various circumstances. They have a flight at the gene level, so it is impossible to argue with nature in this case.

Migratory birds (names for children) are capercaillie, pika, woodpecker, hazel grouse, black grouse, crossbill, jay, titmouse and many others.

Nomadic birds themselves determine whether they fly to the southern countries or not. This decision depends on the weather conditions in your home area. If the winter promises to be warm, then jackdaws, siskins, smurfs, bullfinches, nuthatches and other representatives of the group in question will be happy to spend the winter in their homeland. And if they feel the severity of the approaching season, then they will undoubtedly fly away to warmer climes (for example, a sparrow will most likely remain on its territory if its place of residence is the European part of Russia; in the case of Central Asia, it will fly away to distant India) .

Principles of flight of the considered birds

Thanks to the development of science, a considerable amount of information about bird flights has been collected. In this section, you should find out how birds orient themselves and how flocks are formed during the flight.

For the absolute navigation of the creatures under consideration during long-distance flights, the guidance of the earth's magnetic field takes place. That is, the starling can return from the southern countries to its homeland only thanks to the awareness of the direction of the north magnetic pole, in addition, it is able to freely determine its location, as well as the direction necessary for the return.

The formation of a flock occurs in a very interesting way, since the dynamics of its light and dark elements plays a central role in this process. The fact is that birds thus maintain a certain level of density necessary to collect the necessary information from their neighbors through signs and actions developed at the gene level.

Migratory birds. Names for children. Rook as the most famous inhabitant of the sky of this group

Of the huge variety of migratory birds, the rook occupies a special place. That is why the people call him the herald of winter. This inhabitant of the sky arrives by mid-March, and leave their native lands only in late autumn (late October or early November).

An interesting feature of rooks is the ability to imitate human speech, and this is one of the reasons why it is so revered in society. The length of an adult bird is approximately 45 centimeters, but the weight of you varies from 310 to 490 grams. Visually, the rook resembles a crow, but its difference is in the relative harmony and surface of the feathers, which is endowed not only with a black color, but also with a purple tint.

Very thin, yet straight. Such a device allows him to freely obtain food from all kinds of places (for example, they can easily afford to get food from under the ground). In nutrition, rooks are not picky at all, they eat earthworms, rodents, and so on.

As for the benefit to society that the birds in question bring, it is undoubtedly great, because rooks are active eaters of flora pests. Among such caterpillars, bugs, rodents and others. And this is another reason why people are crazy about rooks.

Swallow as one of the most common migratory birds

Most likely, in the absence of evidence, no one would have thought that such a small and fragile bird could travel great distances. But this is true, in addition, the swallow process is carried out twice a year. Although it should be noted that the flight for her is a great danger, which is why the swallow often does not reach its destination (the whole flock may die). As a rule, this alignment happens in adverse weather conditions.

The bird in question looks truly flawless, because its elongated wings and a clear cut of the tail do their job. It is important to note that the swallow is a perfect inhabitant of the sky, because this bird is rarely seen on the ground. Interestingly, during the flight, she can sleep, eat and even mate.

The species diversity of swallows is very wide: in nature there are about 120 species. These inhabitants of the sky quickly get used to new conditions, which is why they can be found everywhere, except for Australia and Antarctica. Swallows feed exclusively on insects, getting them out of the ground or finding them in the bark of trees.

Nightingale and the nature of his life

As can be seen from the article, all migratory birds (names for children can be found in the process of reading) have fundamental differences. The last candidate for consideration is the nightingale, popularly known as a great singer.

Why does the nightingale sing? The fact is that directly in the course of this process, the bird completely forgets about all the dangers that threaten it. She simply puts her wings down and enjoys her art (it would be great if a person could get the same result from singing!).

In winter, this inhabitant of the sky flies in the direction of North Africa, and in the spring it returns. As a rule, in mid-April there is already an opportunity to observe the nightingale, because it is at this time that the first insects appear - and the bird can fully eat. The nightingale weighs quite a bit, only 25 grams, and its color is very dark with a brownish-gray tint. That is why the bird looks miniature, and you can’t even believe that it is capable of long-distance flights.

Is a regular seasonal flight of birds, often north and south along the flyway, between breeding and wintering. Many types of birds are migratory birds. Migration is costly due to predation and mortality, including human hunting, and depends mainly on the availability of food. This occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where certain routes encounter natural obstacles such as the Mediterranean or the Caribbean.

Historically, it has been migratory birds were noted as much as 3000 years ago, by ancient Greek authors, including Homer and Aristotle, and in the book of Job, for species such as turtle doves and swallows. More recently, Johanson Leche began to record the dates of the migrations of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific research has used methods including bird ringing. Threats migratory birds grown with habitat destruction, especially stopovers and wintering grounds, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.

The Arctic Tern holds the long-distance migration record among migratory birds traveling between the Arctic expanses and Antarctica annually. Some Procellariiformes species such as albatrosses circle the earth by flying over the Southern Ocean, while others such as the lesser petrel migrate 14,000 km (8,700 miles) between their northern breeding base and the Southern Ocean. Shorter flights are common, including high-altitude flights to mountains such as the Andes and the Himalayas.

The timing of bird migration appears to be driven primarily by changes in daylight hours. Migratory birds navigation uses celestial signals from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps.
Historical sightings of migratory birds:
Posts about migratory birds were made in the same way, 3000 years before our era, by the ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the book of Job, which asks the question, "Is this your understanding that the hawk is soaring with its wings spread to the south?" The author of Jeremiah wrote: "Even the stork in the sky knows its seasons, and the dove and the crane keep their time of arrival."

Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to the swamps in the upper Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's remarks.

Migratory birds list:

(Motacilla alba) - migrant detachment, not large, easily adapts to life in urban conditions, feeds on small insects.

(Turdus iliacus) - migrant order passerines, small birds with a very large population.

(Riparia riparia) - migrant, swallow family. It has a wide range of habitat that covers almost all of Europe, the Mediterranean, Asia, as well as North America. It winters in East and South Africa, South America and the Indian subcontinent.

— migrant order passerines. It breeds in temperate zones of Europe and western Asia and winters mainly in Southeast Africa. It should be noted the striking imitation of the voices of a wide variety of other birds.

— migrant charadriiform class, snipe family, woodcock genus. They have camouflage, a natural camouflage that matches their forest habitat, with reddish brown upperparts and lighter underparts.

— migrant order Passeriformes, which was formerly classified as a member of the thrush family, but is now considered to be the more common opinion of the flycatcher.

— migrant- detachment. This species predominantly breeds in temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Most populations winter in tropical Africa and South Asia from Iran to the Indian subcontinent, but some live in northwestern Africa. It is a bird of open countryside, forests and orchards.

- migrant, family Charadriiformes, genus Plover. Living on the banks of rivers and lakes. It is a small bird that breeds in Arctic Eurasia. Adults are 17-19.5 cm long with a wingspan of 35-41 s.

— migrant, swallow families, passerine orders, especially common in Europe, North Africa and temperate latitudes of Asia. The city swallow, and winter migrants in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical Asia.

(Hirundo rustica)- migrant, is the most common type of swallow in the world. These swallows are blue-feathered with long, deeply forked tails and curved, pointed wings. They are found in Europe, Asia, Africa and America.

(Turdus viscivorus) - migrant, common to many countries in Europe, Asia and North Africa. It is a year-round resident in many areas, but northern and eastern individuals migrate south in winter, often in small flocks.

Robin
Green warbler
Finch

Warbler-badger
reed oatmeal
Buzzard
Klintukh
Landrail
Wren

forest hawker
forest horse
Meadow coinage
Coot

Lesser flycatcher
Pied flycatcher

common redstart
common shrike
Oriole
nightjar
common cuckoo
common nightingale
common lentil

black-headed gull

song thrush
Willow warbler
Ratchet warbler
Quail
field harrier
Kestrel

field lark
Chiffchaff

Common tern
Fieldfare

garden warbler
garden warbler
gray flycatcher
gray warbler
gray heron
Warbler
Warbler-chernogolovka
Cheglok
Black swift
Chernysh
blackbird
Lapwing

In the wild, two types of birds are distinguished: non-migratory birds and migratory ones. The latter make seasonal migrations from one place to another due to environmental or food changes. Also, the reason for flights to warm or cold regions is a characteristic feature of reproduction. At the same time, if one part of the animals prefers areas with high air temperatures, the other remains in cold regions and does not feel any discomfort from such a lifestyle.

All representatives of migratory birds are considered very hardy and mobile creatures that are able to fly thousands of kilometers, independently find a course to warm countries, and also return home without outside help.

Today we will talk about the main types of migratory birds, their external characteristics, life cycle and interesting features.

Notable migratory birds

The class of migratory birds includes only those species that migrate to warmer climes with the arrival of winter cooling. This is due to the fact that they are warm-blooded, and their average body temperature is 41 degrees Celsius, regardless of external temperature indicators. Concerning the bird can tolerate cold, but it becomes very difficult to obtain food to restore normal internal temperatures on the frozen ground cover, which is why it flies to more comfortable areas. It is for this reason that birds say goodbye to their homeland and fly thousands of kilometers to foreign countries with a satisfactory climate.

Among the most famous varieties of migratory birds are:

swallow;
lapwing;
song thrush;
lark;
robin;
oriole;
forest pipit, etc.

In addition to the group discussed above, in our regions there is also a sedentary one. Its representatives stay for the winter in their native lands, and the main reasons for possible migrations are associated with the lack of a food supply or the breed characteristics of nesting.

When do birds make seasonal flights?

It is important to pay attention to the fact that birds fly away to warm lands gradually. First of all, those species that feed on insects and are distinguished by excellent singing abilities leave their native land. After doing many studies and ornithological expeditions managed to determine an interesting pattern: the season of flights is opened by such birds as:

swift;
martin.

After them, wild waterfowl, including swans, leave their native lands. This is not strange, because with the advent of frost, water bodies are densely covered with an ice curtain, and the natural habitat of such animals is significantly reduced. When September comes, the cranes are preparing for the flight, and then the rooks.

Close seasonal migration in warm regions geese and ducks. The latter fly away later than all the others. In addition, there were cases when this waterfowl did not leave its home and stayed to spend the winter on the pond. True, this happened very rarely, when in winter the reservoirs remained open and did not freeze. For this reason, people began to say that ducks carry a frosty winter and a blizzard on their tails.

Nomadic and migratory birds - what is the difference

Representatives of the migratory group will leave their native area, regardless of environmental circumstances. At the gene level they have an instinct for self-preservation, which implies a seasonal change of home. Like it or not, you can't interfere with nature.

Migratory birds include:

capercaillie;
pika;
woodpecker;
hazel grouse;
crossbill;
jay;
titmouse, etc.

On cancellation from migratory individuals, nomads leave their natural place of residence only after an independent assessment of the situation. Before making a decision they study weather conditions and forage base. In the event that winter does not portend severe frosts, siskins, smurfs and bullfinches do not refuse the opportunity to spend the winter at home. But if the birds feel the approach of severe cold, they will leave their homeland without hesitation and move to warm countries.

The rapid development of ornithology and science in general made it possible to highlight a lot of amazing facts about bird flights. Now we know how birds can navigate in the air and form thousands of flocks for such long journeys.

The absolute navigation of the aforementioned creatures is provided by the magnetic field of our earth. For example, the starling finds its way from the southern regions to the north only due to an innate understanding of the direction of the north magnetic pole. In addition, it quickly determines its current geolocation and creates a route to return.

When forming a large flock, birds are guided by the dynamics of its light and dark elements. Birds maintain a certain level of density, which allows them to accurately collect the necessary information from relatives through various gestures and actions.

The most famous migratory bird is the rook.

Among the many greatness of migratory birds rook is considered very popular. Many people still call it the "herald of winter", because the bird leaves its native area only at the end of autumn (usually at the end of October or mid-November). The bird returns home in the first days of March, depending on the climatic features of the region where it lives.

Ornithologists single out one unique ability of this bird - it can imitate human speech no worse than the famous parrots. An adult bird grows up to 45 centimeters with a mass of 310 to 490 grams. Outwardly, the rook is not much different from the crow, and the main characteristic features are pronounced harmony and the surface of the feathers, painted black with a purple tint.

The rook has a thin but very straight beak. With its help, the animal obtains food from the most inaccessible sources, for example, from underground. The bird is unbiased in the choice of food. The diet can include earthworms, rodents, and vegetable food.

Rook plays a very important role for flora and fauna, because they eat a wide variety of forest pests , among which:

bedbugs;
caterpillars;
rodents, etc.

Martin

Another very famous migratory bird is the swallow. In the absence of facts and scientific evidence, probably no one would have believed that such a fragile and tiny bird could fly thousands of kilometers from its home. But the bird does make seasonal migrations twice a year. True, during such a procedure, many individuals from the flock die and do not reach the specified place. Cases of mass extinction of an entire flock are not excluded, which is associated with weather changes.

The external features of the swallow look flawless. The bird has elongated wings and a clear cut tail. She practically does not walk on the ground and spends a significant part of his life in flight. It is important to note that even sleep and mating take place in the air.

In the wild, there are about 120 varieties of swallows. Due to unpretentiousness to the conditions of detention, swallows can live almost everywhere. Today they are absent only in Antarctica and Australia. As bird food they use only insects, which they get out of the ground or look for in the bark of trees.

Nightingale

Even a child knows about this amazing creation. He is popularly known for his magnificent singing features and amazing appearance.

Over the years ornithologists did not know why the nightingale makes such beautiful sounds and sings for most of its life. As a result of long research, it was possible to determine that when singing, the bird does not pay attention to the dangers that surround it. She humbly lowers her wings down and continues to get incredible pleasure from her favorite pastime. It would be great if people treated art the same way.

With the advent of winter cooling, the nightingale moves to North Africa, but returns home in mid-April. Already during this period you can hear the first delightful songs of this tiny creature. As soon as insects are born, the life of a bird beats with a new key.