Planning is one of the most important processes for organizing enterprise management. It allows you to build and implement in practice long-term and short-term plans, in accordance with which the effectiveness of the entire enterprise as a whole is assessed.

In the software "1C: Manufacturing Enterprise Management" a separate subsystem is allocated for the automation of production planning processes. We will get to know her in more detail.

According to the timing and degree of detailing of plans, planning can be classified into long-term, current and operational. Using our example, we will analyze the mechanism in the most detail. shift planning, which refers to the operational planning of production, and is the most detailed of all types of planning, implemented in the software "Manufacturing Enterprise Management".

Example. The Domovoy organization is engaged in the production of Product A and Product B. In January 2013, Buyer 1 received an order for the production of Product A in the amount of 1 piece. and an order from Buyer 2 for the production of Product B in the amount of 1 piece. Production of Products A and Products B is carried out according to the following specification (Tab. 1):

Table 1

Thus, Product A and Product B include the following materials and semi-finished products:

The technological map for the manufacture of finished products is as follows:

Based on customer orders, it is necessary to plan production in such a way as to produce the products ordered by the customer as quickly as possible.

We will reflect in our information base information about customer orders.

Let's go to Sales Management interface(fig. 1):

In the menu item "Orders", select the necessary document journal "Buyer's order" (Fig. 2):

Filling in the document is done manually by the user.

In the header of the document, you must fill in the following fields:

• "Date" - the date of receipt of the order from the buyer;
• "Organization" - the name of our organization (can be filled in automatically with the appropriate user settings);
• "Counterparty" - this field is filled in by choosing from the "Counterparties" directory (the individual or organization that has placed the corresponding order is indicated);
• "Agreement" - filling is done by choosing from the list of agreements; concluded with the specified counterparty with the type of "With a buyer";
• The field "Shipment" indicates the desired date of shipment of the goods ordered by the buyer.

In the tabular section of the document, fill in the “Goods” tab with stock items ordered by a certain counterparty, indicating the quantity in the appropriate columns (Fig. 3).

In order for the program to be able to carry out shift planning of production, it is necessary to make certain settings of our information base. To do this, go to the "Account Manager" interface (Fig. 4).

In the menu item “Accounting settings” - “Setting accounting parameters” on the “Planning” tab, set the variable “Frequency of availability of key enterprise resources” (Fig. 5). It is used to assess the feasibility of plans and determines the period for setting the availability of key enterprise resources.

In our case, we will select the "Month" value. It is also necessary to set the flag in the field "Plan production by shifts".

For the convenience of subsequent work, click the "Switch interface" button to go to the "Planning" interface (Fig. 6)

After setting the accounting parameters, we proceed to entering data on the manufactured products.

It is necessary to enter data on the products manufactured by the organization into our information base. To do this, go to the "Nomenclature" reference book (menu item: "Reference books" - "Nomenclature").

When you select the "Production" option in the "Type of reproduction" field on the "Additional" tab, the "Specifications" tab becomes available for filling (Fig. 7).

The BOM contains a list of all materials, semi-finished products, components required for the production of a product, with an indication of the quantity required for production. A BOM can be entered for both the final product and the semi-finished product.

When you click on the "Add" button on the "Specifications" tab, a card for creating a new specification for our products opens. Let's fill it in, as shown in the figure, in accordance with the data of our example (Fig. 8).

Specifications can be of three different types: "Assembly", "Complete", "Assembly". The choice of one or another variant of the specification is carried out by the button "Type of specification". The difference is that when using an assembly BOM, there can be only one output item, with a complete BOM - several; a BOM with the "Node" view has no output items.

In the "Name" field, write the working name of the specification.

The "Nomenclature" field is filled in by the selection button from the "Nomenclature" directory: this field indicates the output product obtained as a result of production using this specification.

The "Quantity" field defines the output quantity of products obtained as a result of using the original components in a given quantity.

The field "Operation No." indicates the redistribution after which we will receive the finished product (the last one). If the number is not specified, this means that the release is made at the time of production execution according to the specification.

The “Waypoint” field is filled in if it is necessary to indicate the place of production of this product. A waypoint is a combination of a department and a work center or work center interchangeability group.

The tab "Initial components" of the specification card is filled with data on materials and semi-finished products, which are required to manufacture the quantity of the output product, which is indicated in the "Quantity" field in the specification header.

The specification reflects only the standards for the consumption of materials for the manufacture of the final product, the production process itself is described in the production flow sheets. To establish the relationship between the specification and the technological map, the column "Operation No." of the tabular section "Initial components" of the specification card is filled in. It indicates the number of the technological operation, for the performance of which a particular material or semi-finished product is required.

On the "Additional" tab in the "Status" field, the state of the specification approval is indicated. We select the "Approved" option and put down the approval date (Fig. 9).

Several different BOMs can be used to produce the same item. For automatic filling of documents, you can select one of the specifications as the main one. To do this, press the button "Install" - "Set the main specification for the date" (Fig. 10)

In the window that opens, you must specify the date from which the specification is considered basic (Fig. 11).

Information about the main specifications of the item is stored in the information register "Main specifications of the item" (Fig. 12).

The specification of the main specification is necessary for the planning subsystem. When forming production accounting documents, the user has the opportunity to select the required specification from a number of those proposed for a given item. When scheduling, the system "by default" uses only the specification, which is defined as the main one (Fig. 13).

To store all the specifications entered in the information base, the reference book "Specifications of the nomenclature" is intended (Fig. 14).

The reference book contains information not only about those specifications that are defined for the production of products as basic, but also specifications with the statuses "Prepared", "Postponed", "Approved", "Canceled" (Fig. 15).

To manufacture a product, it is necessary to sequentially perform a number of technological operations. The list of all technological operations used at the enterprise is stored in the reference book “Technological operations” (Fig. 16, 17).

To add a new technological operation, click the "Add" button. A card for creating a new technological operation will open. The "Name" field is filled with an arbitrary name of the operation. To work with the shift planning subsystem, you must fill in the "Time rate" field. This field indicates the amount of time (in seconds) required to complete this technological operation. These data will be automatically entered when filling out the technological map (Fig. 18).

All form fields are optional and are for reference only.

Filling in the fields "Main item of production costs", "Price" is necessary to calculate the planned cost and piecework wages.

The requisites "Currency" and "Price" determine the standard cost of a unit of operation when calculating piecework.

The requisites "Main item of production costs", "Method of distribution of production costs", "Main item group", "Method of reflecting wages in accounting" are used as default values ​​for setting the analytics of production costs associated with piece-rate pay for technological operations.

For the purposes of operational planning of production, the structure of an enterprise can be represented as a set of work centers of the organization. Work center is a specific place where a technological operation is performed. This can be a specific machine, site, workshop. When forming a list of work centers, it is worth paying attention to the fact that only one production operation can be performed at one and the same time period at one work center.

The list of all work centers used at the enterprise is stored in the directory "Work centers" (Fig. 19, 20).

For each work center, you must specify the name and department in which the work center is located (Fig. 21).

In the event that one and the same production operation can be performed using different equipment, it is necessary to fill in the reference book "Groups of replaceability of work centers" (Fig. 22).

To add a new element, click the "Add" button. The name of a group of work centers is written in the form of a directory element. The tabular section indicates the work centers included in this group, and the priority of using each of them. When executing a planning operation, the program will analyze the data by application priority and assign the operation to the work center with the higher priority.

In our example, the work centers for the assembly of finished products are equal, so the priority value is the same (Figure 23).

Operations for specific work centers are assigned only for the period of time when work centers are free. To set the work schedule for the work center, use the "Work Schedules" reference book (Fig. 24).

The reference book contains all work schedules used in the enterprise. Charts are filled in the form of a reference book element. Schedules differ in types: five-day, six-day, shift (Fig. 25).

When entering a new element of the directory, it is necessary to make the required settings (indicate the number of working hours and days per week) and then fill in the calendar.

To form a shift work schedule, it is necessary to fill in the "Shifts" reference book (Fig. 26).

The handbook contains a list of all shifts used at the enterprise (Fig. 27).

For shift planning, it is necessary to indicate the name of the shift and the period from which the shift consists (a shift can consist of either one period or several). In the event that the end time exceeds the start time of the period, the shift is postponed to the next day (Fig. 28).

After filling out this directory, we proceed to filling in the calendar (we return to the directory "Schedules of work" - "Assistant to fill in the schedule") (Fig. 29).

Based on the entered data, the work schedule will be automatically filled in. If necessary, it can be corrected manually (fig. 30).

For each work center, it is necessary to determine its individual work schedule. It is in accordance with this schedule that the program will plan the employment of the work center. Work schedules of work centers are set in the reference book of the same name (Fig. 31).

The work schedule for a specific work center begins to operate on a specific date (Fig. 32).

In addition, in operational planning, the program can automatically take into account the time spent on transporting products between work centers. This information can be specified in the reference book “Mat delivery times. production values ​​”(fig. 33).

The column "Source" indicates the department in which the semi-finished product was made or another operation was performed. The “Recipient” column is filled in with the name of the department where you plan to move this product. "Number of days" and "Time" determine the duration of delivery from one work center to another (Fig. 34).

In addition to the reference books "Technological operations" and "Work centers" for shift planning of production, it is necessary to fill in the reference book "Technological maps of production" (Fig. 35).

The name of the technological map is filled in the header of the element of the reference form.

The production department for which the technological map is specified is selected by the user from the directory "Departments".

In the tabular section, in the "No." field, the individual operation number within the flow chart is indicated.

The line "Work center (completed)" indicates the work center or work center replaceability group, with the use of which the finished product is planned to be released.

Also, in the corresponding fields of the tabular section, the technological operation, its execution time in seconds, the number of operations performed, the stages that can be started after the completion of this operation, the possibility of transferring this operation to adjacent work shifts are indicated.

Several different WPSs can be used for each BOM. To find out which of the cards is the main one and will be taken into account in planning, the register of information "Technological maps of the nomenclature specification" is used (Fig. 37).

The register indicates the period of time from which for a certain specification of the nomenclature one or another technological map comes into effect (Fig. 38).

After filling in all the necessary reference books, we will proceed to the formation of a shift plan.

For this, in the software "1C: Manufacturing Enterprise Management" there is a document "Production plan for shifts" (Fig. 39).

The document form consists of several tabs. Let's consider in more detail.

"Production according to plans" - the tab is filled in if the already drawn production plan is taken as the basis for the formation of the shift plan (Fig. 40).

"Production by order" - this tab is filled in if there are customer orders that were not taken into account when forming the previous plans (production plans).

The tabular section can be filled with both the Buyer's Order documents and the Production Order documents.

In our case, we select two customer orders. Next, the columns are filled in manually indicating the date of launch and the date of issue of the order (first and last day of issue) (Fig. 41).

In the column "Distribution option", you must select one of the proposed planning options:

• "Right on time" - the program will distribute production tasks in such a way that the release of finished goods occurs by the date indicated in the "Date of release" column.
• "As soon as possible" - the program will distribute production tasks so that the maximum load will fall on the beginning of the period (launch date).
• Evenly - production orders will be distributed evenly over the specified period.

On the “Individual releases” tab, unscheduled product releases are manually specified.

The tabs "Detailed planning", "Occupancy of work centers" and "Production requirements" are filled in automatically when you click on the button "Execute planning". After starting this procedure, the program begins to analyze the adequacy of the enterprise resources to fulfill the plan. If there is a shortage of this or that resource, the program displays a message to the user about the impossibility of planning the specified operations. If there are enough resources, then the bookmarks will be filled.

The data on the "Detailed planning" tab will be filled in after clicking on the "Get data" button. The program defines the pattern of product exploding, starting from the final product (Products A, Products B) with the reproduction type “Production”, and ending with materials with the reproduction type “Purchase” (Fig. 42).

On the "Work center occupancy" tab, an automatic comparison of the work center and the operation performed on it at a certain point in time is performed with precision to the second (the "Start date" and "End date" columns). The planning of the start time of the next operation is carried out taking into account the data specified in the reference book "Delivery times of material assets of production". The shift is also indicated, which is engaged in the implementation of this operation (in accordance with the data of the shift work schedule). The column "End products" is filled in with the name of the nomenclature item for the production of which this operation is performed (Fig. 43).

On the “Production Requirements” tab, in the “Outside Quantity” column, the program indicates the amount of raw materials that must be delivered to the work center to perform a particular operation (the analysis is based on the data specified on the “Additional” tab). The column "Quantity inside" indicates the number of products of own production, which must be delivered to the work center to fulfill the plan (Fig. 44).

On the "Additional" tab, the initial rescheduling boundary is indicated - a point in time before which the program cannot make adjustments to production plans for shifts.

The moment of determining orders - at this moment in time, the program determines the availability of materials necessary for the implementation of the generated plan in the warehouse specified in the tabular section "Available warehouses" (Fig. 45).

After filling in the document "Production plan for shifts" must be carried out. This document forms several printing forms (Fig. 46, 47):

Based on the document "Production plan for shifts", it is possible to fill out the document "Production order" (interface "Production management" - "Planning" - "Production order").

The head of the document indicates the date on which the tasks are formed, the division and the shift. The content of the tabular section changes depending on the type of task:

• "For release" - the task contains only information about the final product (what and in what quantity needs to be produced);
• "On those. process "- reflects the most complete information about the products, work center, technological operation.

The tabular section is filled in by clicking on the "Fill" button. On the “Issue / Tech. process "data from the approved production plans are indicated (Fig. 48).

After checking the data, the document must be posted.

The document "Job for production" forms a printed form in which a specific job is written for each work center for a specific date (Fig. 49).

Control of the generated production plans can be carried out using the "Shift-daily assignment" report (Fig. 50).

For the selected time period, all operations assigned to a specific work center are displayed, and the position that must be released as a result of operations is indicated (Fig. 51).

With the help of the report "Chart of work centers load", you can visualize the work center load in the form of a Gantt chart (Figure 52).

Thus, you can find out which of the work centers is loaded unevenly, highlight areas of overload or idle work center for subsequent adjustments (Fig. 53).

To reflect the needs of production in certain materials or semi-finished products, the report "Plan of production needs" is intended (Fig. 54).

In the report, you can see information about those materials and semi-finished products that production needs to ensure uninterrupted operation for a certain period (Fig. 55).

Operational (shift) planning and operational management of production

General methodology for operational planning of production in MRP II, implemented in 1C: UPP

Operational production planning means drawing up detailed plans for the implementation of specific technological operations for the release of certain parts and products for a short period of time, broken down by workdays and shifts. In the 1C: UPP configuration, this type of planning is the most detailed, and it is implemented in the "Shift production planning" subsystem.

Operational plans drawn up in accordance with the methodology MRP II, have a high degree of confidence. These plans are drawn up using information about the production technology, taking into account the capabilities and limitations of the equipment (work centers), and also the previously drawn up operational production plans are taken into account and, accordingly, new tasks are assigned taking into account the current level of equipment utilization and already assigned to work centers assignments. When assigning tasks, not only the current and available level of equipment utilization is taken into account, but also the ability to complete the task by the specified deadline. That is, jobs are scheduled until the equipment resource is exhausted, the time resource (maybe the production cycle of the product is longer than the time available for scheduling), or all available jobs are scheduled.

In addition, the generated material requirements will be the results of operational planning. Based on the formed shift plans and the actual production reflected in the system, it is possible to carry out a plan-fact analysis and make management decisions.

It is at this planning level that the algorithms are implemented MRP I + CRP(planning of material needs and requirements for production capacity), and these algorithms work in pairs at once, and not sequentially.

This is the most time-consuming stage of planning, when a large amount of machine time is required and it is not the first time that it is possible to draw up an executable plan when all work orders are planned. Therefore, to reduce the number of planning iterations, it is necessary and even rational to use the previous planning stages (cumulative and preliminary). Already at these stages of planning, it is possible to detect bottlenecks in production and take the necessary measures in advance to adjust the plan itself or introduce additional measures to remove bottlenecks (buying equipment, organizing an additional shift, hiring temporary workers).

So, the drawn up operational work schedule will answer the questions: "what?" (what details and / or operations), "when?" (at what moment, period of time), "in what quantity?" (should be done) "what should be the result?" (what products).

It is possible to draw up operational plans (or they are also called shift-daily tasks) based on data from previous planning levels (cumulative and preliminary), but also without their participation. In addition, if the company has decided that this type of planning is redundant for it, then it is possible to manage production (assign production orders, etc.) manually, without using the operational planning mechanism. But in this case, there will be no automatic assessment of the feasibility of assigned tasks.

The general scheme of operational planning is shown in Fig. 9.56. With the help of the document "Production plan for shifts" the operational planning scheme is implemented. The initial data of the scheme are: production plans and customer orders available in the system, individual releases manually assigned by the user (form the so-called main production schedule), a normative and reference subsystem (specifications, flow charts, work center schedules, etc.); you can also take into account the level of stocks available for use (if there is a stock of parts, the demand for them will be satisfied from stock). When assigning new tasks, the work is taken into account.

Rice. 9.56.

her assigned operations. The result of planning is the formation of shift-daily assignments, the possibility of introducing documents for the operational management of production and supply "Production assignments" and "Formation of needs", as well as the ability to conduct a plan-fact analysis of production.

For enterprises working on the "assembly-to-order" or "production-to-order" strategies, it will be relevant to use the "Buy orders" as a source of information for operational planning. Working in the absence of production plans, using orders from buyers, the enterprise must apply operational mechanisms of supply or store safety stocks of raw materials and materials for production.

Usually, in practice, a phased implementation of information systems is used: first, a block of operational accounting, and then gradually everything else. To implement the production planning function, it is advisable to first implement the shift planning functionality. And while planning using the "Production Plan" document has not been established, it is possible to use "individual unscheduled releases" as the initial data for operational planning, when in the document "Production plan for shifts" on the "Individual releases" tab, you can specify the number of products that need to be produced plan.

When the enterprise will fully implement the planning mechanism, including master and preliminary planning, the "Production plan" should act as the standard main source of data for operational planning.

Let us recall the main provisions of the operational planning model and additional requirements:

• it is necessary to pre-form a regulatory framework (specifications, technological maps, etc.);
• shift planning is focused mainly on the discrete type of production;
• planning is carried out accurate to the details of operations, i.e. operations and items with characteristics;
• the production schedule is drawn up to the nearest second;
• the planning horizon used should be at least the time of the production cycle for the manufacture of the planned product, and it is better also taking into account the time of purchasing materials for production;
• the operation has no internal structure; if it is necessary to detail a specific operation, it must be decomposed into its components;
• the work center can be busy performing only one operation at a time or period of time;
• as a result of the operation, it is possible to release several products at a time;
• the execution time of one operation using one technology at a specific workplace is constant and does not depend on the volume of production;
• group work of work centers on one copy of the product is not provided;
• there is no internal structure of employment of the work center;
• the same product cannot be processed simultaneously on two work centers;
• the work center is busy during the entire production operation;
• the shift planning subsystem does not control the execution of operations, the actual production accounting (product release) is performed by the document "Production report for the shift", the plan-actual analysis involves the comparison of planned data with the actually recorded output;
• the release and consumption of materials are associated with the execution of a specific operation, while materials are consumed at the beginning of the operation, and finished products are obtained at the end of the operation;
• only the consumption of materials and the release of semi-finished products and products according to specific specifications are taken into account, and the system does not keep a consistent record of consumption and output of work-in-process objects according to the operations of the flow chart (ie, inside, in the "black box" of the specification);
• data on consumed semi-finished products are not stored in the system, but are calculated using a reference system.

In conclusion, we present a comparison of the planning subsystems of various levels (Table 9.1).

Table 9.1. Comparison of planning subsystems

Item comparisons	Cumulative planning	Operational planning
Production time information	The scheduled release will occur in the specified period (it does not matter, at the beginning of the period or at the end)	The execution of production operations and the release of products are indicated with an accuracy of seconds
Scripts planning	Planning scenario taken into account	No planning scenarios, only the current plan is used
Analytical Planning Views	Product (taking into account characteristics), specification, counterparty (taking into account the contract), order, source plan, department	Product (taking into account characteristics), specification, date and change of production, start and end time of production, work center, technological operation, final product, department
Planning methods	At the request of the user, filling in according to past data, plans, orders. At the same time, information on production technology is not used.	From plans, orders, at the request of the user. At the same time, information about production technology and the availability of work centers is used.
The control credibility	It is possible to conduct an integrated assessment of plans for key resources	The availability of work centers, the time to complete a technological operation and interoperational transitions (movements between departments) are taken into account

Planning is one of the most important processes for organizing enterprise management. It allows you to build and implement in practice long-term and short-term plans, in accordance with which the effectiveness of the entire enterprise as a whole is assessed.

In the software "1C: Manufacturing Enterprise Management" a separate subsystem is allocated for the automation of production planning processes. We will get to know her in more detail.

According to the timing and degree of detailing of plans, planning can be classified into long-term, current and operational. Using our example, we will analyze the mechanism in the most detail. shift planning, which refers to the operational planning of production, and is the most detailed of all types of planning, implemented in the software "Manufacturing Enterprise Management".

The Domovoy organization is engaged in the production of Product A and Product B. In January 2013, Buyer 1 received an order for the production of Product A in the amount of 1 piece. and an order from Buyer 2 for the production of Product B in the amount of 1 piece. Production of Products A and Products B is carried out according to the following specification (Tab. 1):

Thus, Product A and Product B include the following materials and semi-finished products:

The technological map for the manufacture of finished products is as follows:

Based on customer orders, it is necessary to plan production in such a way as to produce the products ordered by the customer as quickly as possible.

We will reflect in our information base information about customer orders.

Let's go to the "Sales Management" interface:

In the menu item "Orders", select the necessary document journal "Buyer's order":

Filling in the document is done manually by the user.

In the header of the document, you must fill in the following fields:

• "Date" - the date of receipt of the order from the buyer.
• "Organization" - the name of our organization (can be filled in automatically with the appropriate user settings).
• "Counterparty" - this field is filled in by choosing from the "Counterparties" directory (the individual or organization that has placed the corresponding order is indicated).
• "Agreement" - filling is done by choosing from the list of agreements; concluded with the specified counterparty with the type "With a buyer".
• The field "Shipment" indicates the desired date of shipment of the goods ordered by the buyer.

In the tabular section of the document, fill in the "Goods" tab with stock items ordered by a certain counterparty, indicating the quantity in the appropriate columns:

In order for the program to be able to carry out shift planning of production, it is necessary to make certain settings of our information base. To do this, go to the "Account Manager" interface:

In the menu item "Accounting settings" - "Setting accounting parameters" on the "Planning" tab, set the variable "Frequency of availability of key enterprise resources". It is used to assess the feasibility of plans and determines the period for setting the availability of key enterprise resources:

In our case, we will select the "Month" value. It is also necessary to set the flag in the field "Plan production by shifts".

For the convenience of subsequent work, click the "Switch interface" button to go to the "Planning" interface:

After setting the accounting parameters, we proceed to entering data on the manufactured products.

It is necessary to enter data on the products manufactured by the organization into our information base. To do this, go to the "Nomenclature" reference book:

Menu: Directories - Nomenclature

When you select the "Production" option in the "Type of reproduction" field on the "Additional" tab, the "Specifications" tab becomes available for filling:

The BOM contains a list of all materials, semi-finished products, components required for the production of a product, with an indication of the quantity required for production. A BOM can be entered for both the final product and the semi-finished product.

When you click on the "Add" button on the "Specifications" tab, a card for creating a new specification for our products opens. Let's fill it in, as shown in the figure, in accordance with the data of our example:

Specifications can be of three different types: "Assembly", "Complete", "Assembly". The choice of one or another variant of the specification is carried out by the button "Type of specification". The difference is that when using an assembly BOM, there can be only one output item, with a complete BOM - several; a BOM with the "Node" view has no output items.

• In the "Name" field, write the working name of the specification.
• The "Nomenclature" field is filled in by the selection button from the "Nomenclature" directory: this field indicates the output product obtained as a result of production using this specification.
• The "Quantity" field defines the output quantity of products obtained as a result of using the original components in a given quantity.
• The field "Operation No." indicates the redistribution after which we will receive the finished product (the last one). If the number is not specified, this means that the release is made at the time of production execution according to the specification.
• The “Waypoint” field is filled in if it is necessary to indicate the place of production of this product. A waypoint is a combination of a department and a work center or work center interchangeability group.
• The tab "Initial components" of the specification card is filled with data on materials and semi-finished products, which are required to manufacture the quantity of the output product, which is indicated in the "Quantity" field in the specification header.

The specification reflects only the standards for the consumption of materials for the manufacture of the final product, the production process itself is described in the production flow sheets. To establish the relationship between the specification and the technological map, the column "Operation No." of the tabular section "Initial components" of the specification card is filled in. It indicates the number of the technological operation, for the performance of which a particular material or semi-finished product is required.

On the "Additional" tab in the "Status" field, the state of the specification approval is indicated. We select the "Approved" option and put down the approval date:

Several different BOMs can be used to produce the same item. For automatic filling of documents, you can select one of the specifications as the main one. To do this, press the button "Install" - "Set by the main specification for the date":

In the window that opens, you must specify the date from which the specification is considered main:

Information about the main item specifications is stored in the "Main item specifications" information register:

The specification of the main specification is necessary for the planning subsystem. When forming production accounting documents, the user has the opportunity to select the required specification from a number of those proposed for a given item. When scheduling, the system "by default" uses only the specification, which is defined as the main one:

To store all the specifications entered in the information base, the reference book "Specifications of the nomenclature" is intended:

The directory contains information not only about those specifications that are defined for the production of products as basic, but also specifications with the statuses "Prepared", "Postponed", "Approved", "Canceled":

To manufacture a product, it is necessary to sequentially perform a number of technological operations. The list of all technological operations used at the enterprise is stored in the reference book "Technological operations":

To add a new technological operation, click the "Add" button. A card for creating a new technological operation will open. The "Name" field is filled with an arbitrary name of the operation. To work with the shift planning subsystem, you must fill in the "Time rate" field. This field indicates the amount of time (in seconds) required to complete this technological operation. These data will be automatically entered when filling out the technological map:

All form fields are optional and are for reference only.

• Filling in the fields "Main item of production costs", "Price" is necessary to calculate the planned cost and piecework wages.
• The requisites "Currency" and "Price" determine the standard cost of a unit of operation when calculating piecework.
• The requisites "Main item of production costs", "Method of distribution of production costs", "Main item group", "Method of reflecting wages in accounting" are used as default values ​​for setting the analytics of production costs associated with piece-rate pay for technological operations.

For the purposes of operational planning of production, the structure of an enterprise can be represented as a set of work centers of the organization. Work center is a specific place where a technological operation is performed. This can be a specific machine, site, workshop. When forming a list of work centers, it is worth paying attention to the fact that only one production operation can be performed at one and the same time period at one work center.

A list of all work centers used at the enterprise is stored in the directory "Work centers":

For each work center, you must specify the name and department in which this work center is located:

In the event that one and the same production operation can be performed using different equipment, it is necessary to fill in the reference book "Interchangeability groups of work centers":

To add a new element, click the "Add" button. The name of a group of work centers is written in the form of a directory element. The tabular section indicates the work centers included in this group, and the priority of using each of them. When executing a planning operation, the program will analyze the data by application priority and assign the operation to the work center with the higher priority.

In our example, the work centers for the assembly of finished products are equal, so the priority value is the same:

Operations for specific work centers are assigned only for the period of time when work centers are free. To set the work schedule for the work center, use the "Work Schedules" reference book:

The reference book contains all work schedules used in the enterprise. Charts are filled in the form of a reference book element. Schedules differ by type: five-day, six-day, shiftable:

When entering a new element of the directory, it is necessary to make the required settings (indicate the number of working hours and days per week) and then fill in the calendar.

To form a shift work schedule, it is necessary to fill in the "Shifts" reference book:

The handbook contains a list of all shifts used in the enterprise:

For shift planning, it is necessary to indicate the name of the shift and the period from which the shift consists (a shift can consist of either one period or several). In the event that the end time exceeds the start time of the period, the shift is postponed to the next day:

After filling out this guide, we proceed to filling out the calendar (we return to the “Work Schedules” directory - “Schedule Filling Assistant”):

Based on the entered data, the work schedule will be automatically filled in. If necessary, you can correct it manually:

For each work center, it is necessary to determine its individual work schedule. It is in accordance with this schedule that the program will plan the employment of the work center. Work schedules for work centers are set in the reference book of the same name:

The work schedule for a specific work center begins on a specific date:

In addition, in operational planning, the program can automatically take into account the time spent on transporting products between work centers. This information can be specified in the reference book “Mat delivery times. production values ​​":

The column "Source" indicates the department in which the semi-finished product was made or another operation was performed. The “Recipient” column is filled in with the name of the department where you plan to move this product. "Number of days" and "Time" define the duration of delivery from one work center to another:

In addition to the reference books "Technological operations" and "Work centers" for shift planning of production, it is necessary to fill out the reference book "Technological maps of production":

• The name of the technological map is filled in the header of the element of the reference form.
• The production department for which the technological map is specified is selected by the user from the directory "Departments".
• Further, for the technological map, its state at the current time and the date of the approval of the map are determined.
• In the tabular section, in the "No." field, the individual operation number within the flow chart is indicated.
• The line "Work center (completed)" indicates the work center or work center replaceability group, with the use of which the finished product is planned to be released.
• Also, in the corresponding fields of the tabular section, the technological operation, its execution time in seconds, the number of operations performed, the stages that can be started after the completion of this operation, the possibility of transferring this operation to adjacent work shifts are indicated.

Several different WPSs can be used for each BOM. To find out which of the cards is the main one and will be taken into account in planning, the information register "Technological maps of the item specification" is used:

The register indicates the period of time, starting from which for a certain specification of the item, this or that technological map comes into effect:

After filling in all the necessary reference books, we will proceed to the formation of a shift plan.

For this, in the software "1C: Manufacturing Enterprise Management" there is a document "Production plan for shifts":

The document form consists of several tabs. Let's consider in more detail.

"Production according to plans" - the tab is filled in if the already drawn production plan is taken as the basis for the formation of the shift plan:

"Production by order" - this tab is filled in if there are customer orders that were not taken into account when forming the previous plans (production plans).

The tabular section can be filled with both the Buyer's Order documents and the Production Order documents.

In our case, we select two customer orders. Next, the columns are manually filled in with the launch date and the date of issue of the order (the first and last day of issue):

In the column "Distribution option", you must select one of the proposed planning options:

• "Right on time" - the program will distribute production tasks in such a way that the release of finished goods occurs by the date indicated in the "Date of release" column.
• "As soon as possible" - the program will distribute production tasks so that the maximum load will fall on the beginning of the period (launch date).
• Evenly - production orders will be distributed evenly over the specified period.

On the “Individual releases” tab, unscheduled product releases are manually specified.

The tabs "Detailed planning", "Occupancy of work centers" and "Production requirements" are filled in automatically when you click on the button "Execute planning". After starting this procedure, the program begins to analyze the adequacy of the enterprise resources to fulfill the plan. If there is a shortage of this or that resource, the program displays a message to the user about the impossibility of planning the specified operations. If there are enough resources, then the bookmarks will be filled.

The data on the "Detailed planning" tab will be filled in after clicking on the "Get data" button. The program defines the pattern of product exploding, starting from the final product (Products A, Products B) with the reproduction type “Production”, ending with materials with the reproduction type “Purchase”:

On the "Work center occupancy" tab, an automatic comparison of the work center and the operation performed on it at a certain point in time is performed with precision to the second (the "Start date" and "End date" columns). The planning of the start time of the next operation is carried out taking into account the data specified in the reference book "Delivery times of material assets of production". The shift is also indicated, which is engaged in the implementation of this operation (in accordance with the data of the shift work schedule). The column "End products" is filled in with the name of the nomenclature item for the production of which this operation is performed:

On the “Production Requirements” tab, in the “Outside Quantity” column, the program indicates the amount of raw materials that must be delivered to the work center to perform a particular operation (the analysis is based on the data specified on the “Additional” tab). The column "Quantity inside" indicates the number of products of our own production, which must be delivered to the work center in order to fulfill the plan:

On the "Additional" tab, the initial rescheduling boundary is indicated - a point in time before which the program cannot make adjustments to production plans for shifts.

The moment of determining orders - at this moment in time, the program determines the availability of materials necessary for the implementation of the generated plan in the warehouse specified in the tabular section "Available warehouses":

After filling in the document "Production plan for shifts" must be carried out. This document forms several printable forms:

Based on the completed document "Production plan for shifts", it is possible to fill out the document "Production assignment":

Interface: Production management - Planning - Production order

The head of the document indicates the date on which the tasks are formed, the division and the shift. The content of the tabular section changes depending on the type of task:

• "For release" - the task contains only information about the final product (what and in what quantity needs to be produced).
• "On those. process "- reflects the most complete information about the products, work center, technological operation.

The tabular section is filled in by clicking on the "Fill" button. On the “Issue / Tech. process "data from the approved production plans are indicated:

After checking the data, the document must be posted.

The document "Production order" forms a printed form in which a specific job is written for each work center for a specific date:

Control of the generated production plans can be carried out using the "Shift-daily assignment" report:

For the selected time period, all operations assigned to a specific work center are displayed, and the item that must be released as a result of operations is indicated:

With the help of the report "Work Center Load Chart", you can visualize the work center load in the form of a Gantt chart:

Thus, you can find out which of the work centers is loaded unevenly, highlight areas of overload or downtime of the work center for subsequent adjustments:

To reflect the needs of production in certain materials or semi-finished products, the report "Plan of production needs" is intended:

In the report, you can see information about those materials and semi-finished products that production needs to ensure uninterrupted operation for a certain period:

Volumetric scheduling

After the assessment of the feasibility of plans in terms of volumes for the period has been carried out, it is the turn of volumetric scheduling. The initial planning data is entered into the document "Production plan for shifts". In this document, three tabs are filled in (as required). The volume of releases according to production plans is entered on the first tab - "Production according to plans", releases according to orders (a list of customer orders and orders for production) are entered on the second tab - "Production by orders", on the third tab ("Individual issues") you can specify individual releases assigned at random. For each source, a range of release dates should be determined, a variant of the distribution of issues in this range. Formation of the main production schedule is performed by clicking the "Execute planning" button.

Figure 99 - The "Production according to plans" tab of the document "Production plan by shifts"

Figure 100 - Tab "Employment of work centers" of the document "Production plan by shifts"

The planning results are reflected on the tabs "Employment of work centers" and "Production requirements". On the "Employment of work centers" tab, a production schedule is actually formed, in which you can see which work center and at what time which should perform technological operations. And the data on the “Production Requirements” tab shows the product release schedule, defining on which dates the product releases are scheduled. In our example, with the "As soon as possible" distribution option, the number of jobs in work centers is 251 and the number of requirements items is 85. The same number will be obtained with the distribution option "Just in time." With the distribution option "Uniformly", the number of positions in the employment of work centers increases to 1015, and needs - 444.

Figure 101 - The "Production needs" tab of the "Production plan by shifts" document

Figure 102 - Report "Diagram of work centers load"

The report "Work center utilization diagram" is intended to reflect the planned data of the occupancy of work centers.

How is work center utilization scheduling?

Figure 103 - Directory "Work centers"

According to the manufacturing specification, the required set of technological operations and work centers is analyzed. The technological operation is performed at one work center. At the same time, the essence of the work center can be different - people, machines, production lines. The work center for a planning task is characterized only by the availability time, which is determined by the work schedule selected for it.

Figure 104 - Directory "Groups of replaceability of work centers"

Work centers can be grouped only if they can completely replace each other. Within one working group, the priority of the use of working cents is indicated. This information will be used to analyze work center availability in shift planning. When looking for a free work center, work centers with the highest priority will be analyzed first. If the analyzed work center is busy for the time planned for the operation, then the work center from the same group, but with a lower priority, will be considered next.

When describing a production flow chart for each technological operation, you can either indicate a group of work centers where the operation can be performed, or explicitly indicate one work center. In this case, when scheduling such an operation, the availability of only the specified work center will be analyzed.

Figure 105 - Composition of the group of replaceability of work centers: Lathes

Each work center has an affiliation with a division of the enterprise. If the divisions of the enterprise are geographically distant points from each other, then for the movement of goods and materials between divisions, you can set the planned time of movement. If goods and materials are moved between the work centers of one department, then it is considered that the movement is carried out at the boundaries of shifts. For products that are executed on the same work center, the movement time is not specified.

Figure 106 - Modes of transportation

Viewing and controlling the generated shift plans is carried out using the "Shift-daily assignment" report.

Plan-fact analysis of shift production is carried out using the reports "Plan-fact analysis of production planning" and "Assessment of production backlog"