Breeding cows as a business. Ready-made business plan for breeding cattle for meat and dairy purposes

Cattle if there is a place for its maintenance, labor and feed, it can bring a considerable income, but the largest amount of money is usually earned by those farmers whose business is based on a professionally drawn up business plan for breeding cattle, including such points as choosing a place for raising livestock and building a barn arrangement of the barnyard, the purchase of feed stocks and the like. In general, a business plan for breeding cattle is as follows:

Main part

Choosing a place for construction;
Purchase, rent, or construction of cowsheds;
Inventory preparation;
Purchase of livestock;
Purchase of feed;
Manure cleaning;
Cow care.

Financial part

Expenses:

Money to buy livestock and necessary materials;
Hiring workers, wages;
Financing a veterinarian;
Feed payment.

Income:

Realization of milk;
Realization of meat;
Realization of skins;
Sales of dairy products;
Income from the sale of young animals;
Income from the provision of mating services.

Choosing a site for the construction of a cowshed and cattle farm

When planning to breed cows in a personal subsidiary plot, special attention should be paid to choosing a place for a livestock farm. The area under construction should be flat, well-trodden, located away from natural sources of drinking water, residential buildings and objects vital for humans, where an unpleasant smell from the farm could be heard.

By law, a livestock farm cannot be located closer than 300 meters from a source of drinking water, violating this provision, you can be embroiled in an unpleasant trial, the end of which will always be the same - a fine and a demand for the transfer of buildings.

Buying, renting, building a farm

From an economic point of view, it is most profitable to rent a ready-made farm than to buy or rebuild a new building. In many villages of Russia, the remains of the former collective farm life have been preserved, therefore it will not be difficult to rent several strong buildings suitable for breeding cattle. Building a farm takes a fairly large amount of time, effort and money spent on the purchase of building materials and the wages of builders. Building a farm is only suitable for experienced farmers who have been engaged in this type of business for more than a year. The rest is recommended to buy or rent premises, including those intended for storage of inventory and feed. There are many advantages to renting cowsheds:

firstly, the rented premises cost less than the purchased one;
secondly, you can always refuse to rent by finding the most advantageous offer in terms of price.

If a beginner farmer still decides to build their own farm, then it is more economical to buy materials that have already been in use for construction - an old boiler, brick, wooden frames and doors, as well as sawdust left after the massive felling of trees. Sawdust will be needed to equip bedding for animals. In addition, you can also buy old glass and boards for cheap.

Inventory preparation

Having decided to seriously engage in farming, you need to take care of providing the farmers with all the necessary equipment in advance. First of all, an ordinary cattle farm needs a small tractor with a trailer and a bucket designed to transport hay and manure. Also, the farm needs a certain amount of lime for disinfection work, shovels, rakes and brooms. On the territory of the farm, a well or a tap must be equipped, from where it would be possible to directly take water to clean the barn and fill the drinkers with fresh water.

Inventory it is necessary to store separately from the animals and feed themselves, therefore it will also be necessary to rent or build a shed for it, where it would be possible to store not only these things, but also the fuel necessary in each household.

Livestock selection

Beginning business from scratch, you need to take care of buying healthy, capable of further reproduction of no less healthy offspring, calves. It is best to purchase young animals, even in limited quantities, from experienced breeders, farmers with great experience and an unbreakable reputation. All calves and cows must be absolutely healthy, which should be checked by a veterinarian. It is advisable for these purposes to invite an independent expert in the field of veterinary medicine, who is obliged to check the semen of purchased bulls for the possibility of fertilization, and cows for the absence of problems with milking and development of the uterus. A doctor's examination is mandatory, since the further income of the farmer directly depends on how healthy the purchased cattle will be.

An important role is played by the choice of livestock and the climatic factor. So, those living in the north are not recommended to purchase calves from farms located in warm regions of the country, acclimatization can be extremely difficult for them, cause serious illness, or even death.

An important place in the selection and purchase of livestock is played by an external factor, skinny, shabby cows bought cheaply will actually cost several times more than the same cows, but bought from caring farmers who protect their reputation. Treatment and fattening of sick cows is troublesome and extremely costly. When buying, attention should be paid to a close visual inspection of the skin and wool for abrasions, old wounds, or lice. It is also important to examine the horns of the animal, thoroughbred cows are well-coordinated, have a proud head and symmetrically located horns. Curved or broken horns significantly reduce the cost of a cow, therefore, having such a product available, the seller will certainly make concessions. Naturally, everything related to the horns and external posture of the animal concerns exclusively cows purchased for the tribe, when buying a cow for personal needs, attention should be paid to completely different factors, for example, the ability to quickly gain weight and milk production.

Compilation of the food base

Breeding Cattle are always associated with some difficulties, primarily related to the amount of feed that cows and bulls consume. When compiling a business plan, you should stop close attention at this point, starting to purchase feed even at the stage of building a farm.

It should be noted that when deciding to save on feed, many farmers initially put their business at risk of collapse and destruction, since the fatness of the animal, the ability to reproduce offspring, the quality and taste of meat, the amount of milk and the milking period depend on the quality and quantity of feed.

Taking into account the preparation of a feed ration for a herd of 100-120 heads of cattle, it must be taken into account that in summer cows, calves and bulls can be on pasture, while in winter they need full feeding, providing for the presence of at least 30 centners of hay, 500 kilograms of straw on the farm , 20 centners of haylage, 45 centners of silage and 25 centners of root crops. The figures given are based on one cow. Also, for one cow per year, it is necessary to prepare at least 5 centners of potatoes, 1.5 centners of pumpkin and 15 centners of concentrated feed, which includes corn and wheat flour, barley and oats, as well as the necessary vitamin supplements.

In addition, the annual diet of cows also includes several centners of cake, meal and home-made waste - slops, cleanings, leftovers from the table, dry bread, and the like. Waste is considered a highly nutritious feed that significantly increases the amount of milk, so the purchase of it should take a leading position when including the planned costs in the business plan. You can buy the necessary waste for a fee at the nearest restaurant, cafe, or hotel, which will sell the leftovers they do not need with great pleasure and at a very reasonable price.

If possible, farmers can try to grow their own livestock feed by sowing the available field with corn, wheat, or legumes - vetch, alfalfa, clover. Of particular benefit to cows and bulls is corn, the use of which is not limited to one or two seasons, animals eat corn all year round, first in a fresh green form, and then dried and threshed.

In the absence of such an opportunity, it is necessary to take care of the mass regular purchase of feed, preferably choosing local agricultural workers as the seller, which will reduce the cost of delivering feed to the farm location.

It is possible that some additives and concentrated feeds will have to be purchased abroad, but at the initial stage of drawing up a business plan, this should not be thought about.

Animal husbandry is a complex, but interesting and popular subspecies of agriculture. Breeding cattle as a business: profitability, feedback from farmers on meat and dairy production to help a budding entrepreneur.

Description

Breeding cattle for the production and sale of meat and milk is carried out mainly in rural areas, where there is enough space for keeping large animals. Without minimal knowledge and skills in agriculture, it is risky to take on such a business, because if you make a small mistake in nutrition or care, you can lose the entire livestock.

Experts estimate the profitability of the business at about 50% with a payback period of 1.5-2 years. Consumer demand for meat and dairy products is always high, but the farmer may have problems selling at the desired price. Local producers compete with imported goods from other regions and abroad.

Business plan

It includes the following steps:

Market analysis.
Legal registration of activity.
Equipping the territory for breeding cattle.
Herd formation.
Buying feed.
Hiring workers.
Sales of products.
Calculation of expenses and income of the project.

It should be borne in mind that the farm will begin to receive the main income from the sale of meat products approximately one year after the purchase of young animals.

Market analysis

Where to start the project? Before proceeding with the production of cattle, it is necessary to study future buyers - meat processing plants, markets. Knowing the minimum purchase cost, it is possible to determine the degree of savings at the initial stage of the project and in the formation of the cost of production.

It is also necessary to establish direct competitors - farms and personal subsidiary plots (FPH and LPH), livestock alliances. It makes no sense to launch a project near similar enterprises if they completely fill the market with products.

Based on the current situation, it is necessary to determine the main parameters of the cattle farm - how many heads and the composition of the herd. Building a large-scale farm will require investments of millions, most likely with the involvement of borrowed capital. A small barn can be formed much more economically on your own, but the income and development prospects of the cattle business plan will be very modest.

Decor

The activities for the production and sale of meat and dairy products are regulated by several supervisory authorities:

fire inspection;
sanitary and epidemiological station;
Rospotrebnadzor;
veterinary service.

Required documents for work:

Sanitary books for all employees.
Passports for all animals.
Trade Permit.
Work permit from fire supervision and SES.
Information about laboratory research products.
Product certificates.
Specifications for products.
Veterinary certificate.

Retail sale of raw milk is not directly prohibited, but there are separate requirements for packaging and additional product certification.

Territory, premises and equipment

The farm plan includes:

barn for keeping the herd at the rate of 1.5 sq. m. per animal;
corral for finding the herd in the fresh air at the rate of 10 sq. m. on the head;
utility room for workers;
warehouse of equipment and inventory;
food storage room;
room for the preparation and storage of products.

To accommodate all the buildings and graze the herd, an area of at least 200 square meters will be required. m. Often, the farmer already has the necessary areas in use. If not, you can rent an abandoned barn or empty land, and build all the necessary buildings from scratch.

The premises for the location of cattle in terms of farming must comply with sanitary standards:

Wooden floor with clean straw bedding.
The height of the room is about 2.4 m.
The height of the windows above the floor is 1.3 m.
The total window area is 10% of the floor area.
Wooden feeders measuring 0.6 m x 0.7 m x 1 m.
Drinkers with clean fresh water.
The walls are insulated with bundles of straw.
There must be good ventilation without drafts.

In practice, several methods of content are used:

In separate boxes.
In a common room with thick bedding.
In a divided room with slatted floors, aisles for feed and manure.
In a common room without a leash with equipped wooden decks for relaxation.

If you have free start-up capital, you can equip the barn with an automated feed and water supply system, and purchase equipment for preparing feed.

It is necessary to provide a sewage disposal system. Spent litter should be changed frequently to fresh. You can dispose of it on your territory or sell it as a fertilizer to agricultural producers.

With a large number of cattle heads, you will need a mini-tractor with attachments for making hay, transporting feed and removing manure.

On a farm, there must be a sufficient number of buckets, forks, shovels, overalls, tethers for livestock, containers for storing products and large scales for weighing livestock. Delivery of milk and meat for sale is carried out by a refrigerated vehicle.

Herd formation

Different breeds have different characteristics. Meat cattle are the Hereford, Limousin, Salers and Kazakh white-headed breeds. The dairy direction is the red steppe, Yaroslavl, Kholmogory breeds. The mixed direction is the Simmental and Black-and-White breeds.

On the Russian territory, the following types of cattle are most popular:

With a black-and-white skin - one-year-old gobies weigh up to 400 kg, and adults up to a ton. They quickly gain weight, they are not picky in nutrition. Cows weigh about half as much, milking between 5,000 kg and 8,000 kg in 305 days, depending on location. Fat content of milk - 3.5% - 4%. They adapt well to the climate.
With a red skin - newborn calves weighing 30 kg by six months gain weight of 150-180 kg, adults weigh about 800 kg. Cows weighing 400-500 kg give 3000 kg - 5000 kg of milk per year.
Simmental - calves are born large - 45 kg, grow quickly and weigh up to 180 kg in six months. An adult bull can gain weight in excess of a ton. Cows are also massive - from 600 kg to 1000 kg, the average milk production is 4000 kg - 5000 kg, and sometimes more than 12000 kg.

To begin with, it will be enough for a farmer to start a herd of 20 heads, consisting of 14 bulls and 6 cows. The livestock farm, where young meat breeds are purchased, must issue all the necessary documents for cattle. To reduce the risk of disease and improper early feeding, experts advise taking six-month-old calves and raising them to a weight gain of 500 kg - 800 kg. Dairy cows are best bought at the age of two.

Diet

The health and weight gain of young bulls depends on proper nutrition. Up to six months, the basis of the diet is whole milk or its high-quality substitutes. In the future, the menu includes, for 1 animal per month:

compound feed - 92;
vegetables - 60;
hay - 150;
silo - 180;
vitamins and nutritional supplements per 1 kg of live weight.

It is cheaper to buy feed from wholesale suppliers, and it is best to harvest on your own farm.

In the warm season, gobies and cows graze on the pasture, consuming green pasture. One individual accounts for about one and a half tons of feed per month. Animals also need plenty of clean drinking water.

Employees

Careful care for 20 heads of cattle, subject to all veterinary and sanitary standards, cannot be carried out independently. Therefore, the farm needs to hire 2 workers with experience in cattle breeding.

The main responsibilities will be:

Herd feeding.
Manure cleaning.
Animal cleaning.
Maintain order in the area.
Hay preparation.

To monitor the health of animals and carry out vaccinations, you must conclude an agreement with a qualified veterinarian. During the period of slaughter, it is necessary to attract temporary workers of the appropriate specialization.

The farmer carries out administrative work, sales of products and record keeping independently.

Sales of finished products

The main livestock products are beef and milk. Milk is sold all the time, except for the calving period (2 months) and the same period of feeding newborn calves. Harvesting of meat takes place approximately one year after the acquisition of young animals and growing them to marketable weight. From one head of cattle, you can get up to 70% of beef.

Additionally, you can implement:

skins for making leather and fur;
wool;
young livestock;
milk processing products (sour milk, cheeses, butter);
meat semi-finished products.

Sales can be organized both at retail and wholesale - in the markets, conclude agreements with processing enterprises, cafes, restaurants and shops.

The competitive advantage of farm products is their environmental friendliness.

Economic calculations

An investment in a mini-farm for raising cattle consists of:

№	*expenditures*	*Amount, rub.*
1	Registration of business and obtaining permits	50 000
2	Territory rent, 2 months	150 000
3	Barn and outbuilding equipment	200 000
4	Acquisition of equipment and inventory	1 000 000
5	Acquisition of a herd, 20 heads	450 000
6	Purchase of feed for the year	600 000
7	Salary for workers, 2 months	80 000
8	other expenses	100 000
Total		2 630 000

The largest component of the start-up costs is the automation of the feeding process, the purchase of a tractor and a car. It can be reduced in price if, before the income arrives, you set the feed in manual mode, rent a tractor, and buy a used car.

The monthly costs of the farm are:

Additional costs may arise for the repair of equipment, the involvement of specialists in animal husbandry, the replenishment of livestock and feed stocks. The annual cost of the farm will be about 2 million rubles.

The farm receives its main income from the sale of milk and meat. Moreover, milk is sold every day, and meat products will be available a year after the start of the project. Six cows with an average milk yield of 20 liters per day give an annual milk yield of 32,400 liters. (2 months for calving are excluded from the calculation and 2 months for 10 liters will go to feed the calves). From bulls, with an output of 70%, about 350 kg of beef will be obtained from the head, in total from the herd - 4,900 kg.

Prices for both milk and meat are very different in different regions. For example, dairy products are purchased in bulk for 40 rubles/kg, retail for 50 rubles/kg; wholesale meat products cost 300 rubles/kg, retail 400 rubles/kg. Products are sold to intermediaries and end consumers in equal proportions. Then the annual income of the farm is:

The business pays off on average in 18-24 months, and the profitability is at the level of 55%. For agriculture, this is a profitable branch of capital investment.

Video: breeding cattle for meat and dairy.

At present, all over the world, including in our state, large and small businesses are developing at a rapid pace. Separately, it is necessary to single out such an industry as farming, namely animal husbandry. Since ancient times, our ancestors have been raising large and small livestock in order to provide their families with food. Currently, animal husbandry is not such a popular destination, as some farms are closed, and very few new ones are being built. But despite all this animal husbandry, namely cattle breeding, is a promising business.

This problem has become especially relevant right now in connection with the active introduction of genetically modified products into the food industry. Because of this, the demand for natural, home-made products has increased dramatically. The main representative of cattle is cows. They are the main source of such valuable products as beef, veal, milk, cottage cheese. It is difficult to imagine a daily diet without all this. Let's take a closer look at the KRS business plan.

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Main directions and required documents

Basically, in our country they are engaged in breeding cows. But cattle also include buffaloes, yaks, and so on. To start raising cattle, you first need to build a farm. You should not build it from scratch, it is better to rent a room and land. Currently, there are many abandoned farms where cattle were previously kept. In parallel with this, it is necessary to register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC with the local tax office. The first option is the most optimal, since in this case it will be possible to save money, and the list of required documents will be much smaller.

The KRS business plan includes the collection of the necessary documentation. You need to obtain permission from the fire, sanitary and epidemiological service and the territorial property management. If the premises are rented, then all this is assigned to the landlord. The livestock breeding business plan also includes the choice of territory. It is very important to decide how many you want to breed livestock. It can be a small subsidiary farm or a large farm with more than 100 livestock. Farms are also different according to their purpose: meat, dairy, and so on. If you do not collect the necessary documents and do not register, then such a business will be illegal. The choice of location must also be careful.

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Purchase of equipment

In order for livestock to exist in optimal conditions, equipment must be purchased. It all depends on the number of livestock. For a large farm, you will need: heaters or stoves, feeders, dispensers, breast pumps, manure collection machines. All this will take a lot of money. Equipment is best purchased at neighboring farms or in specialized stores. In order for all the equipment to work, first of all, you need to carry out all communications: hot and cold water supply, electricity, heating, sewerage system.

This is of great importance for cattle, since the optimal parameters of the indoor microclimate will contribute to the best breeding: temperature, humidity, air velocity.

Scientists have found that if animals are poorly maintained, their productivity and growth are reduced, which can directly affect future profits.

Like any business, a farm needs space. It can be a regular stall or a large barn. Its area is calculated based on the number of cattle. Since these are partially grazing animals, a large plot of land should be purchased or allocated to them so that they can graze and gain weight during the warm season. Hay and fodder should be prepared for the winter. A mandatory component of nutrition are supplements, including multivitamin complexes.

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Recruitment of the necessary personnel

Raising livestock is a rather lengthy occupation. It doesn't take a single person to do this. For a farm, it is best to have the following staff: manager, milkmaid (one or more), butcher, veterinarian, equipment specialist. The presence of a veterinarian on this list is mandatory, since cattle must be regularly vaccinated against various diseases. Subsequently, this will play a big role, since the sale of meat is possible only with the permission of the veterinary service. The meat must be of high quality and safe for the consumer. In addition, the veterinarian takes an active part in childbirth and treatment of sick animals. If this is not done, then the death of animals and losses are possible.

Milkmaids are also of great importance, especially if there is a dairy farm. In such a business, cows are not slaughtered, but are kept only to obtain milk and other dairy products, such as sour cream, cottage cheese, cream, which are very much appreciated in the grocery market. The presence of a butcher is not required, but it can be useful if the meat is sold in large quantities. For cutting carcasses, you need to equip a separate room. In addition to all this, it is advisable to purchase your own trucks for transporting meat.

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The quality of meat, the productivity of livestock largely depend on the conditions of its maintenance. First, the cattle room must be warm. The minimum allowable temperature should not be lower than 17 degrees. The room should not be drafty, it should be bright. Each place must be equipped with a container for feeding. Livestock need to be fed. It is advisable to use hay, liquid feed for this purpose. Water must always be clean and fresh, otherwise the animal may become infected with dangerous viral and bacterial diseases.

Garbage, including manure, must be removed from the barn daily. All this ensures compliance with the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime. Farm personnel must be vaccinated against diseases that can be transmitted from animals. Another very important rule is the observance by employees of the rules of personal hygiene. During pregnancy and calving, it is necessary to improve the nutrition of livestock and establish supervision over it. Cattle are rather unpretentious animals, but nevertheless, they require constant care.

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Sales of livestock products

After the animals have increased in numbers, you can do the most important part of the business - the sale of meat. There are several options here. Firstly, you can supply meat to the market, and secondly, to nearby restaurants or barbecues. In such establishments, raw materials are always needed, and this can be a very good deal. To sell meat, you must have permission from the veterinary service. It is given for each batch of beef or veal. In addition to meat, you can sell other products: liver, kidneys, heart. They are also in high demand. Growing cattle is also a great opportunity to make various canned food.

Years of experience shows that cattle breeding will be effective if you choose the right breed of animals, taking into account climatic conditions, and organize good care. Otherwise, productivity is significantly reduced, the development of young animals is delayed, and its production function is disrupted.

Where to begin

Today, cattle breeding is a promising occupation, especially for rural areas. First of all, you need to clearly define the task: obtaining milk, meat or young animals for the purpose of subsequent sale.

When making a choice, be sure to pay attention to certain features of each type:

sufficient intensity of growth;
reproductive ability;
ease of acclimatization;
high milk yield is an important indicator for dairy breeds;
final weight.

The next step is to find a place for the future farm and start building it after obtaining all the relevant permits. Alternatively, you can rent a territory with abandoned buildings, which, after restoration and completion with the necessary equipment, will become usable.

For a large enterprise, equipment will be required:

special heaters;
feed supply devices;
dispensers and milking machines;
manure removal equipment.

In order for everything to function properly, you should take care of the communications in advance: electricity, heating, water supply and sewerage systems. The optimal size of the room is selected depending on the planned number of animals..

In case there is no veterinarian nearby, the owner of the farm should always have an ambulance kit with the most necessary drugs and tools at hand.

After establishing the production process, it is necessary to determine possible options for marketing products: the nearest processing plants, restaurants, shops, and the market.

Important! For the effective organization of production, it is very important to have a powerful forage base. A good weight gain is facilitated by seasonal grazing in a meadow with a sufficient amount of grass and the use of feed additives: mixed fodder, beets, cake, cereals, silage. It is equally important to ensure the timely delivery and supply of fresh water.

How to choose the right breed

The positive result of the conceived enterprise directly depends on how competently all the nuances are calculated: the purchase of animals, their maintenance, catering, recruitment, registration of permits.

Today there are many breeds of livestock, the main task is to choose the most suitable option:

distributed throughout the world. Perfectly acclimatizes in any conditions. It has a red color with white spots. It grows fast and has good reproductive ability. In a year and a half reaches optimal development.
the breed was bred in Scotland, suitable for breeding in many countries, including the Russian Federation. Well acclimatized in various geographical zones. Differs in a compact physique and precocity.
Charolais grows intensively for two years. Has a light color: from white to yellow. Endowed with a well-formed strong body, a pronounced meat type.
The Limousin breed has a red color. Animals are hardy, unpretentious in care, have high fertility.
The Salers breed is easy to keep. They gained popularity due to their unique fertility - each cow annually brings a calf. Universal - used for the production of meat and milk. Perfectly adapts to difficult climatic conditions.
distinguished by a red suit, sometimes with white marks. It quickly gains weight and retains it, despite a period of drought or a long winter. Widely distributed throughout the Russian Federation.
breed. In summer, the animal has a short, smooth coat, which grows strongly by winter, becoming a thick, sometimes curly coat. Gaining weight quickly.
- The most common meat in the world is a dairy breed. From this species, not only high-quality beef is obtained, but also raw materials for the production of leather. Maintenance is cost-effective - profitability reaches 95%.

Whatever type of animal is chosen, productivity will depend on properly organized conditions of keeping: a warm (not lower than 17 ° C), draft-free room, equipping each stall with a feeder with a sufficient amount of quality feed and a drinker with fresh water, manure is cleaned daily, which will ensure compliance with sanitary standards.

Animal weight gain should be determined monthly, using large scales or modern devices that are highly accurate.

Production features

Animal husbandry has never lost its relevance, and today, with the advent of food products of dubious quality, it is becoming especially popular. Breeding cattle is painstaking work that requires financial investments, patience and organizational skills. For full operation, you will need a staff of:

competent leader;
milkmaids are needed on dairy farms;
a veterinarian who will vaccinate, assist in childbirth and treat various diseases;
a full-time butcher is useful only on a large farm.

For a large enterprise, an appropriate solution would be to purchase a vehicle for transporting products.

You need to buy young animals in the presence of an experienced breeder or veterinarian. After all, only a specialist can judge the health of livestock by their eyes, teeth, gait and other indicators.

In the successful implementation of the project, an important role is played by the climatic conditions of the region in which cattle breeding will be carried out. It is important to remember that the main goal of any enterprise is the use of technologies that allow you to get the maximum result at the minimum financial cost. Any novice or experienced cattle breeder has the right to choose the most suitable method for himself.