Economic effect: calculation. Economic effect from the implementation of measures

Each enterprise strives for continuous improvement of economic efficiency indicators. Practical measures related to the achievement of the desired indicators can be implemented in the widest range. At the same time, it is important not only to introduce appropriate methods of increasing economic efficiency, but also to correctly assess the results of the measures taken. What tasks can be predetermined by these activities? On the basis of what criteria is the implementation of certain innovations in the production structure of the organization evaluated?

Determination of the economic effect

Under the term "economic effect" it is customary to understand the result of a certain economic process, reflecting the achievement by any subject of the relevant relations of the set goals. Among researchers, there are other interpretations of the phenomenon under consideration. So, some experts believe that the economic effect is the difference between the product of economic activities and the costs that are made in its manufacture. That is, it can be expressed in the form of a profit or, conversely, a loss.

There is a point of view according to which the economic effect is determined based on the results of investment in a particular economic process. For example, investments in the modernization of production can lead to a quick payback of the corresponding investments or not in any way affect the increase in the turnover of goods.

Socio-economic impact

The term "economic effect" can correlate with the social component of economic communications. This can be traced by the example of situations where the result of the corresponding activities will be some social consequences. For example, if we are talking about an increase in the intensity of production of goods by a factory, then it is likely that additional jobs will appear. Their presence is one of the key criteria for the success of the socio-economic development of a city, region or state as a whole.

Methods for calculating the economic effect

Modern researchers distinguish several categories of indicators characterizing the economic effect. Let's consider them.

First, these are annual indicators. Calculating them involves determining the difference between product and costs (if you follow the appropriate methodology) on the basis of figures accumulated over 12 months. Thus, the annual economic effect is fixed.

Secondly, these are integral indicators. They assume the summation of localized (for example, in terms of the release of a specific product) effects over one year or several years.

Thirdly, these are average indicators. Calculated on the basis of the corresponding values ​​for a specific period. For example, you can add up the annual economic effect over several years, and then calculate its arithmetic average.

Calculation when combining approaches

Many modern enterprises take into account all three types of indicators. Most business processes can be analyzed for efficiency when each of the indicated indicators is used. For example, with regard to sales, they can be, firstly, studied at the end of the year, secondly, studied in terms of specific commodity items, and thirdly, considered in the context of averaged indicators for a particular period of time.

Specificity of implementation of measures

The introduction of certain innovations in production and other environments in which economic activities are carried out is carried out through specialized events. The calculation of the economic effect in this case can be based on the identification of cost indicators or in kind.

When determining the results of the corresponding activities, it is necessary to timely identify the dependence of specific economic achievements on the facts of the implementation of certain measures. For what? It may well turn out that, for example, a natural increase in business turnover - as an option, due to an increase in demand in the market, will be mistakenly defined as an economic effect from the implementation of measures.

It is necessary to develop criteria by which the dependence of business processes on specific innovations will be determined. For example, when it comes to modernizing software on factory lines, then managers of the enterprise should evaluate the effectiveness of the corresponding event not by selling finished products, but by numbers reflecting their production in combination with baseline costs.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of measures

There are a lot of methods by which the actual economic effect from the implementation of measures can be determined. Modern researchers identify several key approaches.

First, you can compare the final results of the activities with those that were achieved with the initial base (for example, in terms of the productivity of fixed assets).

Secondly, it is possible to compare the effectiveness of innovations recorded at a particular factory with indicators at other industries.

Thirdly, it is possible to calculate the economic effect of the measures based on any normative indicators set by a particular company.

The noted approaches can be practiced simultaneously or in certain combinations.

Direct and indirect indicators

The main measure of economic efficiency is, on the one hand, revenue, on the other - costs. Their combination determines the overall profitability of the enterprise. At the same time, according to the results of measures aimed at increasing the economic efficiency of production, indirect indicators of successful work can be identified. For example, the intensified demand for the company's securities, which may indicate the growing interest of investors in a business that has implemented a complex modernization of production.

Cost-effectiveness factors

What are the factors influencing the economic effect of the proposed measures to improve the economic performance of the enterprise? Researchers classify them into several varieties.

First, these are factors that can be measured in value terms. They lend themselves to various calculations. Relevant factors can be costs that affect the cost of production, the level of demand, which largely determines the revenue and profitability of the business.

Secondly, these are factors that in some cases are difficult to measure by means of calculations, but affecting the profitability of an enterprise's activities. These include labor productivity in positions that are not related to the production process, for example, secretaries, HR managers, company leaders.

Thirdly, these are factors that are formed outside the corporate environment, but affect profitability indicators. Their essence can be different. Among these factors is the exchange rate of the national currency or, for example, the policy of the legislator in the process of regulating commercial legal relations. In some cases, foreign policy communications are important. It happens that under the influence of processes taking place at the appropriate level, economic criteria fade into the background.

External and internal factors

It would be quite logical to classify the factors in question into internal - in relation to the communications carried out in the company, and external. The costs that affect the cost of production are an example of the former. The political factor, the exchange rate, legislative regulation can be considered, in turn, as external factors of the economic efficiency of the enterprise.

Calculation of costs for the implementation of measures

Consider such an aspect as the costs associated with activities that stimulate the economic effect. The formula for calculating them may look different. As a rule, the structure of the corresponding costs takes into account the costs that are associated with:

With the purchase of the necessary material resources (equipment, technologies);

With the remuneration of specialists - both those who already work at the enterprise and those invited;

With the necessary training of employees to use new material resources.

Of course, this list can be supplemented by other costs. For example, if the equipment was purchased on credit, then the structure of expenses will also include the interest paid to the bank. When the managers of the enterprise calculate the economic effect, the formula they use will include the totality of the noted costs.

Methods for increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises

What methods can be used to carry out the appropriate economic modernization of the activities of the enterprise? The calculation of the economic effect is carried out, first of all, in correlation with specific sources of innovation. What can they be?

First of all, these can be activities aimed at improving the use of resources that the company's specialists use in their work. The essence of these activities may be the acquisition of new PCs, machine tools, robots, etc. The costs in this case may be associated with the direct payment for the supply of the relevant equipment, and, for example, with the organization of training for employees - that such items of expenditure can be recorded, we have already said above.

Measures introduced in order to obtain a tangible socio-economic effect can be associated with an increase in the capacity of production lines so that the factory begins to feel the need for more employees. Also, the process of releasing goods can be modernized in such a way that the company will need to attract highly qualified personnel with the necessary narrow specialization to work with new technological solutions.

Retraining of personnel can also be one of the methods of increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises. At the same time, it is not necessary that new equipment will be purchased: the company's managers may well ensure an increase in production intensity by training specialists in innovative methods of using current capacities. Assessment of the economic effect in this case involves taking into account not only direct costs accompanying the corresponding event, but also indirect ones. That is, if an enterprise sent its employees to specialized educational institutions, then in this case both the costs associated with paying for the services of these institutions and the lost profit arising from a pause in the production of goods while specialists employed on factory lines pass through retraining.

Another option for modernizing the company's economic activities is to improve the production structure. In this case, employees can continue to perform the same work on the old equipment, however, the mechanism that characterizes the product release cycles will be revised by managers. At the same time, the economic effect of the proposed measures to improve the structure of production can be extremely high, since in this case the company may not have any additional costs. The managers working in it, by virtue of their job responsibilities, solve such problems. It is expected that their qualifications will be sufficient to implement the relevant plans. But it is quite possible that the enterprise will decide to engage outside consultants in order to ensure the necessary adjustments to the production structure. In this case, the calculation of the economic effect will be carried out taking into account the costs of paying for the services of specialists from other organizations.