Environmental standards ISO 14000. International environmental management standards. It is suitable for

1. ISO has developed standards to help organizations take a proactive approach to environmental issues: ISO 14000 series of standards for environmental management that can be implemented in any type of organization, in the public or private sector - from companies to administrative and utility organizations.
2. ISO helps tackle climate change by setting standards for greenhouse gas emissions, controlling and trading emissions, and measuring the carbon footprint of products.
3. ISO develops regulations to facilitate the alignment of business and environmental interests by encouraging the incorporation of environmental performance into product design (development).
4. ISO offers a comprehensive list of standards for sampling and research methods to address specific environmental issues. This organization has developed about 570 international standards for monitoring the situation in the field of air, water and soil quality, as well as noise, radiation, and control over the transportation of dangerous goods. They also serve as a technical basis for environmental legislation in a number of countries.

Environmental protection and sustainability

Organizations around the world, and their members, are increasingly aware of the need for sustainable environmental management, socially responsible behavior, and sustainable growth and development.

Accordingly, as proactive environmental management merges with enterprise risk management, corporate governance, operational and financial practices and governance, international standards take on particular relevance for organizations working towards common and comparable environmental sustainability goals. , its products and services.

In addition, government and other regulatory bodies increasingly need ISO standards to provide a framework for national and international consistency and consistency.

ISO International Standards and related regulations provide consumers, regulators and organizations in the public and private sectors with environmental instruments with the following characteristics:

• technical reliability- ISO standards accumulate the knowledge of a wide group of international specialists and stakeholders;
• meeting the needs of stakeholders- the process of developing ISO standards is based on international input and consensus;
• assistance in the development of uniform requirements - the process of developing ISO standards is based on the participation of all interested national institutions from all regions of the world;
• fostering efficiency gains- the same standards are being implemented in different markets, sectors and / or areas;
• promoting legislative consistency- the standards used meet market and regulatory requirements;
• increasing investor confidence - standards can be used for conformity assessment such as audit, inspection or certification. This increases confidence in products, services and systems, as demonstrated by ISO certification and provides practical regulatory support.

Overview of ISO 14000 Series Standards

Accepted standards

ISO 14001- an internationally recognized basis for building environmental management systems (EMS)- rooted from Argentina to Zimbabwe. The implementation of this standard helps organizations to both best manage their environmental impact and demonstrate environmental sustainability.

ISO 14001 standard has been adopted as a national standard in more than half of the 160 national ISO member countries, and its use is encouraged by governments around the world. Although certification of conformity to the standard is not a mandatory requirement of the ISO 14001 standard, at the end of 2007, at least 154,572 certificates were issued in 148 countries.

Other environmental management tools developed by ISO / TC 207: ISO 14004 which complements ISO 14001 by providing additional guides and helpful explanations.

Environmental audits are important tools for assessing how well an EMS is implemented and maintained. Auditing standard ISO 19011 equally useful for auditing the quality management system and the environmental management system. It regulates the principles of auditing, the management of audit programs, the conduct of audits and the requirements for the competence of auditors.

ISO 14031 provides guidance to the organization on environmental performance assessment. The standard also deals with the selection of appropriate performance indicators, thereby providing the ability to assess performance based on criteria established by the organization's management. This information can be used as a basis for internal and external reporting on environmental performance.

Sharing information on the environmental aspects of products and services is an important way to use market levers to improve the environment. Truthful and accurate information provides the basis for a consumer to make an informed purchasing decision.

Series of standards ISO 14020 aims at a range of different approaches to ecolabelling and claims, including ecolabelling (seal of approval), self-declaration of environmental compliance, and quantifying environmental information about goods and services.

ISO 14001 concerns not only the environmental aspects of the organization's processes, but also its products and services. Therefore, ISO / TC 207 has developed additional tools to help address these issues. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool for identifying and assessing the environmental performance of products and services from cradle to grave, from determining the input flow of resources to the end use of a product or its waste. Standard ISO 14040 establishes guidelines, rules for conducting life cycle studies that provide the organization with information on how to reduce the overall environmental impact of products and services.

ISO 14064 Parts 1, 2 and 3- standards for accounting and control of international greenhouse gases (GHG), which establish a list of clear requirements for supporting organizations and initiators of projects to reduce GHG emissions.

ISO 14065 complements ISO 14064 with specific requirements for the accreditation or recognition of bodies that validate and verify GHG calculations using ISO 14064 or other relevant standards or technical documents.

ISO 14063- guidance on environmental exchange with examples, helps companies to establish important relationships with external stakeholders.

ISO Guide 64 serves as a guide for reflecting environmental issues in product standards. While this document is primarily aimed at standards developers, it is also useful for product developers and manufacturers.

Expected new standards

Sustainable development policies and practices have garnered significant attention and debate over the past 15 years. Our understanding and concern for the environment and sustainable development also evolve over time. Just as the existing ISO 14000 series of standards support organizations in meeting the priorities of today, so future standards will help to meet the challenges that will become priorities in the future.

An integral part of an organization's environmental management system is a commitment to continuous improvement. ISO / TC 207 adheres to this principle as a core, and is constantly improving the process of identifying and responding to new needs for standardization. The success of ISO / TC 207 stems from continuous work on relevant standards, as evidenced by the development of the following new standards:

ISO 14045- establish the principles and requirements for the assessment of environmental performance. Eco-efficiency is measured by the ratio of environmental performance to value created. The standard will establish an internationally standardized methodological framework for assessing environmental performance, thereby maintaining the scope, clarity and transparency of environmental performance measurements.

ISO 14051 - will provide guidance on general principles and a material flow accounting (MFCA) framework. The MFCA is a resource efficient management tool, mainly in production and distribution, in order to reduce the relative consumption of resources and material costs.

The MFCA measures the flow and stock of materials and energy within an organization, expressed in physical units (mass, capacity, volume, etc.) and values ​​them according to production costs. This factor is usually overlooked in normal cost accounting. The MFCA is one of the main environmental management accounting (EMA) tools and is focused on internal use within an organization.

ISO 14067 regulating the measurement of the carbon footprint of products includes requirements for the quantification and transfer of greenhouse gases (GHGs) associated with products. Each part of the standard regulates the following issues: quantification of the carbon footprint (part 1); harmonization of the methodology for the exchange of carbon footprint information, as well as guidance on such exchange (part 2).

ISO 14069 will regulate the rules for calculating the carbon footprint of products, services and the entire supply chain.

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International ISO 14000 standards Is a set of basic requirements for the environmental management system of an enterprise, which allows for an approach to environmental protection management consistent with the general management of the organization. ISO 14000 standards are voluntary and applicable to almost any type of activity in any sector of the economy. The central document in this series of standards is ISO 14001 - Specification and guidance for the use of environmental management systems.

In our country ISO 14000 standards corresponds to the national standard GOST R ISO 14001-2007 " Environmental management systems. Requirements and guidance for use". The first enterprise in Russia certified in accordance with this standard is Vologda Bearing Plant CJSC (2000).

Following ISO 14000 allows:

• save energy and natural resources, materials and raw materials;
• prevent the occurrence of emergency situations related to ecology,
• improve the general management of the enterprise,
• find business partners abroad with a focus on sustainable business,
• attract additional investments,
• to minimize payments (or not pay at all) for environmental pollution.

Despite voluntariness ISO 14000 standards in just a few years, experts predict that about 90 percent of large companies in the world will be certified in accordance with them. Already, only companies that have ISO 14000 certificates and ISO 9000.

In order to fit ISO 14000 necessary

1. Approve "Environmental Policy" - a special document on the intentions and principles of the organization, containing definitions of environmental goals and objectives of the enterprise and a description of its actions in this area. As well as statements about the desire to comply with the standards established by ISO 14000 standards, to "continuous improvement" of the environmental management system of the enterprise, as well as to the "prevention of pollution".
2. Determine the significant impacts on the environment, both of the activities of the enterprise itself and of its products. As well as environmental goals and objectives of the enterprise, resources to achieve them.
3. Draw up an environmental management program and train personnel in appropriate courses.
4. Regularly conduct monitoring, including the measurement of the main parameters of the activities of the enterprise that may have an impact on the environment. To do this, develop tools and methods for such measurements, reporting forms (documentation) in accordance with ISO 14000 standards, as well as procedures for checking the compliance of the obtained indicators with the requirements of Laws and standards.
5. Periodically conduct an audit (both by the enterprise itself and by an independent party) and analysis of the efficiency of the enterprise's EMS.
   At the heart of the requirements ISO 14000 standards lies the following mandatory cycle: plan - implementation - check - analysis - revision of the plan.

ISO 14000 standards do not require that documents related to the operation of the enterprise's environmental management system be separated into a special document management system.

Implementation of an environmental management system, in accordance with ISO 14000 standards can also lead to such competitive advantages of your company as:

• Material savings due to more complete processing and reuse of product components.
• More complete disposal of by-products.
• Recycle waste into commercially viable products. As a result, - a decrease in costs associated with emissions, discharges, waste management, removal and disposal.
• Product improvement due to process improvement.
• Reduced packaging costs.

Correspondence ISO 14000 standards confirmed by appropriate certificates, for registration of which you can apply to the Center "Certification". Our experts will advise you on all issues related to such certification and the creation of an environmental management system at your enterprise. In our Center you can order an ISO 14001 certificate for EMS compliance ISO 14000 standards.

Series of standardsISO 14000touches upon various aspects of environmental management. It provides a practical toolkit for companies and organizations seeking to identify and control their environmental impact and continually improve their environmental performance. ISO 14001: 2004 and ISO 14004: 2004 focus on environmental management systems. Other standards in the series focus on specific environmental aspects such as life cycle analysis, communication and auditing.

Environmental management concept

The name of the scientific discipline " environmental management»Undergoes a change in the course of its evolution. In the scientific literature abroad, and even more so in Russia, where interest in this economic and management discipline began to form recently, there is no generally accepted definition of this concept. In the works of foreign scientists Th. Dyllick, N. Meflerl, M. Kircbgeorg, G. Mueller-Christ, U. Steger, R. Welford, as well as domestic researchers A.L. Bobrova, A.S. Grinina, E.I. Khabarova, E.M. Korotkov et al., When defining environmental management, one most often singles out, in the opinion of one author or another, the most important component of environmental management. For example, Gray R, Bebbington J., Walters D. define this activity as “ a set of reactions from companies to environmental problems when assessing their position in relation to the environment, developing and implementing policies and strategies aimed at improving this position, accompanied by changes in management systems in order to ensure improvement and effective management».

Some authors interpret environmental management as “ environmentally conscious business management". Fischer H., Wucherer Q, Wagner B. Burschel S. indicate that - " it is the part of overall management that ensures the development, implementation, implementation and adherence of an environmental policy”, Mueller K. believes that environmental management should be neither environmental management, nor enterprise management, but can only be management of relations with the environment.

In the works of domestic scientists, different approaches to the use of terminology are also observed. According to E.I. Khabarova " environmental management is the environmentally friendly management of modern production, which achieves an optimal balance between environmental and economic performance". EM. Stressing the importance of management in ensuring the relationship between society and nature, Korotkov points out that “ the sphere and object of environmental management is the interaction of man and nature". According to T. Khusanov, L. Bezborodov and Yu. Bezborobov, environmental management is “ organization of environmental protection in its entirety».

Famous scientists in the field of environmental economics and environmental management N.V. Pakhomova, A. Endres and K. Richter define SAM « as a system for managing the activities of an enterprise (organization) in those forms, directions, parties, etc., which directly or indirectly relate to the relationship of the enterprise with environmental protection».

Also, the most complete definition is given by the scientist G.S. Feraru, “ environmental management (greening management) - proactive and effective activities of economic entities aimed at achieving their own environmental goals, projects and programs developed on the basis of the principles of eco-efficiency and eco-justice". This is a type of management, fundamentally focused on the formation and development of ecological production, ecological culture and human life. In turn, the concept " greening"means the process of introducing technological systems, management and other solutions that make it possible to increase the efficiency of the use of natural resources while maintaining the quality of the natural environment.

In accordance with ISO 14000 , environmental management system is part of the overall management system,including organizational structure, planning of activities,distribution of responsibility, practical work, as well as procedures, processesand resources for the development, implementation, assessment of the achieved results of implementation and improvement of environmental policy,goals and objectives.

The environmental management system has the following interrelated structural elements:

• Approved environmental policy
• Personnel responsible for maintaining the environmental management system
• Compliance control
• Procedures for the identification and assessment of environmental aspects
• Established goals and objectives for environmental protection
• Formed environmental program
• Documentation support of the environmental management system
• Operations management
• Training
• Environmental monitoring
• Corrective and preventive actions
• Periodic assessment of compliance with environmental audits
• Management review

ISO 14001: 2004 establishes a criterion for an environmental management system. The standard does not establish requirements for environmental performance, but outlines a framework that a company or organization can follow in order to establish an effective environmental management system. It can be used in any organization, regardless of the type of activity or industry. The use of ISO 14001: 2004 ensures that the management and employees of the company, as well as external stakeholders, that the impact on the environment is measured and improved.

Goals and objectives of environmental management.

As the goals of implementation and certificationat the enterprise, the environmental management systems can be distinguished as follows:

• Reducing the negative impact on the environment;
• Improving the environmental efficiency of the enterprise;
• Increasing the economic efficiency of the enterprise;
• Waste reduction and recycling

Environmental management objectives:

• Rationale for Environmental Policy and Commitments

Environmental policy - publicly declared principles and obligations related to the environmental aspects of an enterprise and providing a basis for setting its environmental goals and objectives.

• Environmental planning

Planning is one of the most important functions of environmental management, allowing you to streamline and systematize the many possible activities and actions aimed at achieving environmental goals.

• Organization of internal and external environmental activities

The essence consists in the implementation of planned and unplanned (additional) actions and measures aimed at minimizing the consumption of material and energy resources and discharges of pollutants (emissions, waste, use of highly hazardous substances and materials, etc.)

• Staff motivation

Allows you to involve personnel in environmental protection activities and rational use of natural resources.

• Internal environmental monitoring and environmental control

It is carried out in order to identify in advance the deviation of the enterprise from the planned indicators.

• Analysis and assessment of the results of environmental activities

The function of providing management decisions related to the organization's environmental performance by selecting indicators, collecting and analyzing data, evaluating information against environmental performance criteria, preparing reporting and exchanging information, and periodically reviewing and improving this process.

• Revision and improvement of the environmental management and environmental management system

As part of this function, the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure for responding to existing or potential nonconformities.

Environmental Management Implementation Mechanism

At present, the world has already accumulated experience in the implementation and operation of environmental management systems, which allowed the world community to develop a number of documents regulating the procedures for its implementation.

In accordance with these documents, the mechanism for implementing the environmental management system has the following stages:

• Initial situation assessment
• Planning the implementation of the environmental management system
• Setting goals, objectives and developing programs.
• Monitoring (surveillance system)
• Performance evaluation
• Internal audit of the environmental management system.

Benefits of using ISO 14001: 2004

• Reducing waste disposal costs
• Savings in energy and material consumption
• Reduced distribution costs
• Improving the image among inspectors, consumers and the public

Today, almost every ecologist at least once came across the concept of an environmental management system at an enterprise (hereinafter - EMS). In the realities of the modern world, especially if business is aimed not only at the Russian, but also at the foreign market, it is very difficult to do without the introduction of EMS. However, until now, most entrepreneurs have a very superficial understanding of this system. Everyone knows that getting certified according to EMS standards will not be superfluous, but few people really understand why and how this is done. Many enterprises implement EMS "for show" or as an integral part of the quality management system and do not develop it. In most certified establishments, the system remains in its infancy and does not function properly.

The problem of enterprise managers is a lack of understanding that the introduction of EMS is not a requirement of the state (at least for now), but a voluntary reform designed to help establish production management in such a way as not only to reduce the negative impact on the environment, but in general. optimize production processes and increase their efficiency.

Many have already heard that the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources has developed a draft Federal Law “On Environmental Auditing and Environmental Auditing” (hereinafter referred to as the Draft). According to this Project, the environmental audit will be divided into voluntary and mandatory:

Retrieving
from the Project

Article 5. Mandatory environmental audit

1. Mandatory environmental audit is carried out in the following cases:
1) implementation of activities for the neutralization of waste of I-III hazard classes;
2) implementation of a restoration work project in order to compensate for environmental damage caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection, on the basis of a court decision;
3) implementation of measures of special environmental programs for the rehabilitation of radiation-contaminated areas of the territory;
4) making a decision on declaring the debtor bankrupt and opening bankruptcy proceedings at facilities that have a negative impact on the environment, categories I and II;
5) making a decision on the privatization of objects that have a negative impact on the environment, I and II categories.
[…]

Article 6. Voluntary environmental audit

1. Voluntary environmental audit is carried out at the initiative of the customer of the environmental audit.
2. A voluntary environmental audit can be:
1) comprehensive environmental audit;
2) a special environmental audit.
A special environmental audit can be:
a) component-wise environmental audit;
b) an environmental audit of an integrated environmental permit.
[…]

EMS is based on a series of international standards of the ISO 14001 series (note that the national standard GOST R ISO 19011-2012 "Guidelines for the audit of management systems" has been approved in Russia), and at the moment certification according to ISO 14001 in our country is voluntary.

Here is a list of international standards of the ISO 14001 series:

We will not dwell on the content of these standards in detail, since they are in the public domain and, moreover, for the uninitiated people are a set of extensive principles and schemes. Let us consider only the basic concepts of EMS and their definitions, given in the internal standards of the enterprise, where EMS was recently introduced with the participation of the author and is now successfully developing.

Vocabulary

Environmental aspect- an element of an enterprise's activity, product or service that can interact with the environment.
Environmental management system- part of the general management system of the enterprise used for the development, implementation and implementation of its environmental policy, management of its environmental aspects.
Environmental policy- the overall intentions and direction of the enterprise related to environmental performance as officially stated by senior management.
Environmental goal- a general environmental goal consistent with the environmental policy to which the company is striving.
Environmental challenge- detailed requirements for all indicators applicable to the enterprise, or parts thereof, arising from the objectives that must be established and fulfilled to achieve these objectives.
Internal audit- a systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and objectively assessing it in order to determine the extent to which the EMS meets the audit criteria established by the enterprise.

So you've decided that your business needs ISO 14001 certification. Where do you start? First of all, you should familiarize yourself with the necessary literature. And here we mean not so much the standards themselves as additional reference books, guidelines and tutorials. A good knowledge base is provided by various training courses. One way or another, it is advisable for internal auditors at an enterprise to take such courses and receive a certificate in order to competently conduct internal EMS audits in the future.

The first, with which the author began his acquaintance with environmental management, were just internal auditor courses... In addition to theoretical knowledge and practical advice from teachers in such courses, you can find something else important - the experience of colleagues who have already implemented EMS.

by the way

Once you have a general understanding of EMS, you need to start revision of the internal documentation of the enterprise from the point of view of environmental protection... Remember: the EMS system should be reflected in all areas of the enterprise and in all documents, starting with instructions for waste management and ending with contracts with contractors, suppliers of raw materials, etc.

The introduction of EMS makes it necessary to reconsider all the fundamentals of the enterprise in search of optimal solutions to both production problems and environmental protection problems. Moreover, the main difference between EMS and ordinary industrial environmental control is that the responsibility for environmental protection is now assigned not only to the environmental department, but also to each employee of the enterprise, be it a conveyor worker or a technical director.

The author of the article took part in the implementation of EMS at a large metalworking plant built in the USSR. Many employees have worked there their entire lives. Their vast production experience has become both a great help to the formation of EMS and a serious obstacle. Everyone knows how hard it is to break the old working order. Anything can become a stumbling block - revision of the department's position, transfer and renewal of metal shavings accumulators, cooperation with internal auditors and fulfillment of their requirements ...

One way or another, even such a "rusted" production system was able to get off the ground. The company has applied for a pre-certification audit. In preparation for this stage, a list was defined and the drafting of the main documents on which the EMS would be based, the environmental policy and environmental principles of the enterprise were determined, and the process of identifying environmental aspects began.

Let's give an example of an enterprise's environmental policy (Example 1).

The identification process can be a significant challenge for novice internal auditors. environmental aspects(EA). The main purpose of this work is to identify all possible elements and processes that can harm the environment. The identification of EA should be carried out by the managers and those responsible for the EMS in each production unit under the guidance of an environmentalist. It is the managers and employees in the field, who know their production, who can more accurately identify the potentially hazardous aspects. The identified aspects need to be monitored, analyzed, and subsequently tried to reduce their impact.

EA are subdivided into straight(emissions, discharges, industrial waste, equipment noise, water consumption and wastewater disposal) and indirect(for example, consumption of raw materials and electricity).

EAs in our company are assigned to different departments. During audits, aspects are monitored, and measures for possible impact on them are determined. Aspects register must be kept up to date every 3 years.

Each EA undergoes a significance assessment procedure. In our case, it was carried out as follows.

The enterprise distinguishes 4 levels of EA (A, B, C, D), each of which has a 3-point significance (1, 2, 3) (their characteristics are given in Table 1).

Table 1. Characteristics of the levels of environmental aspects
Aspect levels		Significance of the level
Index	Name	Big (3 points)	Moderate (2 points)	Small (1 point)
	Regulatory (legal compliance)	ABOs are systematically violated (10 times or more per year)	RLA are occasionally violated (no more than 10 times a year)	Regulatory legal acts are observed
	Environmental (impact)	Serious systematic consequences (pollutants of hazard classes 1 and 2)	Long-term uncontrolled (hazard class 3 pollutants)	Short-term with subsequent neutralization (pollutants of 4 and 5 hazard classes)
	Temporary (frequency of occurrence)	Constant exposure	Repetitive exposure	Manifestation unlikely
	Economic (costs, costs, losses)	Aspect leads to penalties and additional costs in excess of 10% or more mandatory environmental payments	Aspect leads to additional payments not exceeding 10% of mandatory environmental payments	Aspect does not result in additional losses

The values ​​of the selected assessments of each of the four levels of EA are displayed in points in columns 7-10 of the EA register table (extracts from the EA register of the enterprise in question are given in Table 2).

Table 2. List of activities (processes, operations) of the enterprise and related environmental aspects
	Type of activity (processes, operations), products	Mode of occurrence (possible emergency)	Environmental aspect	Impact of the aspect on the environment	Process controllability (control measures)	Level significance score				Overall significance assessment		Note
	Treatment of industrial and storm water at factory wastewater treatment plants	Normal	Discharge of pollutants with waste waters of the enterprise into a water body	Pollution of a reservoir for fishery purposes	Transfer of effluents from plant treatment facilities to treatment facilities _______ for additional treatment							Compliance with legal requirements for the protection of water resources
	Galvanic treatment of parts, shop number 8	Normal	Waste salt generation (waste galvanic solutions)	Heavy metal contamination of wastewater	Neutralization at the treatment facilities of the enterprise in accordance with the technological regulations for the operation of treatment facilities							Contract for the transfer of effluents to treatment facilities ______
	Grinding of cadmium parts, shop number 3	Normal	Waste generation (grinding sludge containing cadmium)	Soil contamination with heavy metals	Instruction I 241-2012							Contract with a licensed organization for the transfer for disposal
	Heat treatment of parts and tools, shops No. 12 and 14	Normal	Waste generation (salt melting of thermal production)	Contamination of soil and atmospheric air with heavy metals	Instruction I 241-2012							Contract with a licensed organization for disposal at a solid waste landfill
	Operation of office equipment, IT department	Normal	Dust emissions, waste generation of office equipment components, energy consumption	Pollution of atmospheric air, soil with waste	Federal Law of June 24, 1998 No. 89-FZ "On Production and Consumption Waste", Instruction I 241-2012							Contract for the disposal of office equipment

The overall significance of EA (K zn) is determined by summing the significance estimates for all levels of manifestation of the aspect according to the formula:

where X i - the estimated value of the significance of level I (X i = 1, 2, 3);

N - the number of levels (N = 4).

The value of K zn varies from 4 to 12.

After performing the calculations, the values ​​of K zn are displayed in column 11 of the EA register table.

The overall (integral) assessment of the significance of EA is determined in accordance with Table. 3.

The results of the overall assessment of the significance of EA are displayed as a letter index (H, Z) in column 12 of the EA register table.

In column 13 of the EA register table, if necessary, record possible additional measures for EA management.

So, we have passed the first stage: a certification audit was carried out and a certificate of compliance with ISO 14001 was obtained. After identifying the EA, defining the environmental policy, goals and objectives, developing the necessary documents (guidelines, standards and instructions), the actual implementation of EMS began. The main burden of responsibility fell, of course, on the management of the enterprise and the environmental department. The management is now obliged to periodically monitor production processes from the point of view of the EMS, to provide support (financial, personnel, information) for the implementation of the system. It is also necessary to improve environmental awareness among all employees of the enterprise, to convey to each employee the goals and objectives of the EMS (both general and understandable to him and imputed to his personal responsibilities).

All external relations of the enterprise were revised - with suppliers of raw materials and materials, with tenants and landlords, with the public and the press, with residents of the surrounding houses.

For example, our company employs many organizations under subcontracting agreements. Previously, the implementation of these contracts was not monitored by the environmental department. In the course of an external pre-certification audit, the auditors checked the site where the construction of a hangar for special equipment was carried out. The work was carried out with various violations of environmental requirements. So, the waste generated after work (including oily rags, containers from under paints and varnishes) simply dumped in a heap on the lawn. In the course of eliminating the detected non-conformity, the clause of the subcontracting agreements on environmental compliance was revised, and a person responsible for the subcontractor's compliance with the specified requirements was appointed from among the employees of the subcontracted unit.

During the implementation of EMS in our enterprise, a normally functioning website with the ability for visitors to leave their wishes and complaints, incl. in terms of the impact of production on the environment. These complaints and suggestions were processed and considered during meetings with management, and measures were taken to eliminate the negative impact.

Now the enterprise should regularly hold management meetings in order to assess the functioning of the EMS, conducted environmental activities and audits (external and internal), implement the environmental program, plan further activities, the EMS budget, update the EA register, etc.

Another difficult point in the implementation of an EMS is to convey to employees information about the benefits of the system. It is no secret that almost every Russian person is sure that the requirements of the law are always strict, often excessive and useless, and one should try to “dodge” from their fulfillment. So in the case of the introduction of EMS (which means the growth of requirements for each employee and an increase in his responsibility), everyone reacted to it with caution and even hostility.

The purpose of the system is to help optimize production, and not to "tighten the screws", but this is exactly how employees and even heads of departments treated the introduction of EMS in general and internal auditors in particular. There were attempts to sabotage inspections, failure to comply with corrective measures, attempts to "agree on good" and "bad", grumbling about the increase in "paperwork" to the detriment of production. Thus, environmental management must also change the consciousness of each employee involved. Much here depends on the personal qualities and professional competence of the head of the ecology department and his employees. Conflicts in no way solve problems, and neither does enforcement.

Now let's take a quick look at internal auditing of the enterprise... Due to the fact that our company is quite large, in each division the audit is carried out only once every six months. A commission consisting of the head of the ecology department, one employee and a representative of the audited subdivision responsible for the EMS conducts an on-site audit, i.e. directly in production, within 2-3 days. First, the commission checks the compliance of the internal documentation of the department (shop) with the EMS requirements. This documentation includes the goals and objectives of the department, the statement of the department, work instructions, etc. The availability and relevance of EMS information stands in the field is checked. After that, the actual production is inspected for compliance with internal standards and the requirements of environmental legislation. All violations are recorded on the non-conformity registration form (Example 2). Based on the results of the audit, a report is drawn up, which is sent to the head of the audited unit. For each nonconformity, the department proposes corrective actions. If the actions are coordinated with the management and the ecology department, they are implemented and, based on their results, a report is submitted to the ecology department. In the future, environmentalists conduct a post-audit check of the actual implementation of corrective actions. Information about the results of the audit is announced at management meetings.

The enterprise should assess the environmental risks of the enterprise in order to reduce or eliminate them, as well as the level of preparedness for possible emergency situations.

For example, at the enterprise under consideration, a cutting fluid (coolant) was used for metal processing on machine tools. The fluid was supplied to the machines via a piping system. The system was already worn out and leaks were detected periodically. As they were discovered, they were eliminated, but the pipe system was very extensive, and not all of its nodes and sections were easily accessible for inspection. This situation posed a potential environmental risk because in the event of a coolant leak, it could get into the soil and then through the groundwater into a nearby reservoir of fishery and drinking value. By the joint efforts of the ecology department and shop managers, this environmental risk was identified, and the possible damage to the enterprise and the environment was calculated. As a result, an item on the development of a project for a new coolant supply system and its implementation was included in the budget for the next year.

At this stage of the EMS implementation, our enterprise is at the moment. In general, the system cannot yet be called fully functioning and fulfilling all its tasks, but the beginning has already been made. Its further development depends on the management and employees. At the moment, the first supervisory audit has been carried out (one year after certification), a number of inconsistencies have been identified, and they are being eliminated. With small but confident steps, the enterprise is moving from the status of an old Soviet plant to the status of a modern enterprise that meets the requirements of the market, consumers and legislation, incl. ecological. Now the main thing is not to stop there.

Environmental management is currently one of the most important priorities in the field of environmental protection.

The system of international standards (IS) ISO 14000 series, which appeared in 1996, is a reflection of one of the significant international environmental initiatives of the society.

What are ISO 14000 standards for?

The ISO International Standards are intended to provide organizations with elements of an effective environmental management system that can be combined with other elements of governance to achieve environmental and economic goals.

An environmental management system is part of an overall management system that includes the organizational structure, planning, responsibilities, methods, procedures, processes and resources needed to develop, implement, implement, analyze and maintain environmental policies.

How is the ISO 14000 system of standards different from other documents developed in the field of environmental protection?

Unlike many others, the MS ISO 14000 system is focused not on quantitative parameters (volume of emissions, concentration of harmful substances, etc.) and not on technology (the requirement to use one or another technique), but on the environmental management system.

The typical provision of this system is that each organization should have:

1. Introduced certain environmental procedures;

2. Implemented measures to strictly adhere to them;

3. Packages of documents prepared;

4. Responsible for certain areas of environmental activities have been appointed.

What documents are included in the ISO 14000 series of standards?

ISO 14000 system documents can be roughly divided into three main groups:

· Documents describing the principles of creation and use of environmental management systems (EMS);

· Tools for environmental monitoring and assessment;

· Product-oriented standards.

A key concept in the ISO 14000 series is an EMS (environmental management system) in an organization. Therefore, MS 14001 EMS is considered the central document of the series. Specifications and Usage Guidelines ". IS ISO 14001 establishes requirements for an environmental management system. Here it is translated as GOST RF “Environmental quality management systems. General requirements and recommendations for use ". Unlike the rest of the documents, all of its requirements are “verifiable”. IS ISO 14001 contains only those requirements that can be subjected to an objective audit for certification and / or self-declaration. It is assumed that compliance or non-compliance with a particular organization can be established with a high degree of certainty. It is the compliance with the ISO 14001 standard that is the subject of formal certification.

All other documents are considered auxiliary. For example, the 14004 standard provides extensive guidance on how to create an EMS. The 14010 series defines auditing principles and 14040 defines a “life cycle assessment” methodology that can be used to assess environmental impacts during product development.

How can ISO 14000 be used to reduce adverse environmental impacts?

ISO 14000 series MSs are developed taking into account the already proven ISO 9000 series MSs.

It is assumed that the new system of standards will ensure the reduction of adverse environmental impacts at three levels:

1. Organizational - through improving the environmental "behavior" of firms;

2. National - through the creation of a state environmental policy;

3. International - through improving the conditions of international trade.

What determines the success of the implementation of ISO 14000 standards?

Of course, the adoption of ISO 14000 series standards does not in itself guarantee optimal results in terms of the environment. To achieve environmental targets, the environmental management system should encourage organizations to consider adopting best available technology where appropriate and economically feasible. In addition, the environmental performance of such technology should be fully taken into account.

The success of the system depends on commitments made at all levels and by all parts of the organization, especially senior management. The system enables an organization to establish procedures (and evaluate their effectiveness) in order to formulate its environmental policy and environmental targets, to achieve compliance of operations with those policies, and to demonstrate that compliance to others.

The same general principles of management system apply to IS ISO 14001 as to the standards for quality systems of the ISO 9000 series. Organizations can choose an existing management system, consistent with the ISO 9000 series, as the basis for their environmental management system.

All requirements contained in ISO 140001 can be incorporated into any environmental management system. The extent to which they are applicable will depend on factors such as the organization's environmental policy, the nature of its operations and the conditions in which it operates.

What are the basic requirements of the ISO 14000 series for an environmental management system?

The ISO 14000 series of standards provides five basic requirements for an environmental management system:

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY - an organization's statement of its intentions and principles related to its overall environmental performance, which serves as the basis for action and setting targets and targets.

PLANNING includes the following aspects:

1. Environmental aspects - an element of an organization's activities, products or services that can interact with the environment. An important environmental aspect is one that has or may have a significant impact on the environment. This process should consider normal operating conditions, shutdown and start-up conditions, and actual and potential impacts associated with reasonably foreseeable or emergency situations.

2. Legal and other requirements. The organization shall establish and maintain a procedure for identifying legal and other requirements and for gaining access to those requirements that the organization agrees with and that apply to the environmental aspects of its activities.

3. Target and planned environmental indicators. The organization shall establish and maintain documented environmental targets and targets for each unit. Their establishment should take into account legal and other requirements, significant environmental aspects, financial and operational needs, and the perspectives of interested parties. All indicators must be consistent with environmental policy, including a commitment to prevent environmental pollution.

4. Environmental management program (s). The organization shall develop and maintain program (s) to achieve its environmental targets and targets. Such a program should include: - distribution of responsibility for achieving target and planned environmental indicators for each relevant division and organization; - the means and the time frame in which they must be achieved.

IMPLEMENTATION AND FUNCTIONING includes the following aspects:

1. Structure and responsibility. Responsibilities, responsibilities and authorities should be defined, documented and communicated to all concerned in order to promote effective environmental management. It cannot be assumed that the responsibility for environmental protection is borne only by the environmental service.

2. Training, awareness and competence. The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for identifying training needs for personnel. Personnel performing work that may have a significant impact on the environment must have the competence resulting from appropriate education, training and / or practical experience. Personnel performing work that may have a significant impact on the environment must have the competence resulting from appropriate education, training and / or practical experience.

3. Communication. In the area of ​​environmental aspects and environmental management systems, the organization must establish and maintain procedures for: - internal communication between the various levels and divisions of the firm; - Receiving, documenting and responding to appropriate communications from external stakeholders.

4. Documentation of the environmental management system. The organization should identify and maintain up to date information on paper or electronic media to: - describe the main elements of the management system and their interaction; - indication of related documentation.

5. Document management. The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for the control of all documents that are required by this International Standard in order to: - they can be found; - they are periodically reviewed, revised as necessary and approved for their adequacy by authorized personnel; - current editions of the relevant documents are available at all locations where work essential to the effective functioning of the environmental management system is carried out; - obsolete documents were immediately removed from all distribution and use points, or their unintended use was prevented in some other way; - any obsolete documents retained for legal purposes and / or to retain information about them are properly identified.

6. Operations management. The organization shall identify those operations and activities that relate to the identified material environmental aspects consistent with its policy, targets and targets. The organization should plan for these activities, including maintenance, to ensure that they are performed under specified conditions.

7. Preparedness for and response to emergencies. The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for identifying the potential for and responding to disasters and emergencies, and for preventing and mitigating the environmental impacts that may be associated with these situations.

CHECKS AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS include:

1. Monitoring and measurement. The organization shall establish and maintain documented procedures for regularly monitoring and measuring the key characteristics of its operations and activities that can have a significant impact on the environment. This should include the recording of information to track performance, appropriate operational controls, and compliance with the organization's targets and targets.

2. Nonconformity and corrective and preventive action. The organization shall establish and maintain procedures to define responsibilities and authorities for identifying and investigating nonconformities, taking action to mitigate any resulting impacts, and initiating and taking corrective and preventive action.

3. Recorded data. The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for the identification, maintenance and posting of environmental records.

4. Audit of the environmental management system. Here, audit is understood as a systematic and documented process of checking objectively obtained and evaluated data in order to determine whether the environmental management system adopted in an organization meets the audit criteria for such a system established by that organization, as well as for the purpose of communicating the results obtained in the course of this. process, leadership.

ANALYSIS BY THE MANUAL... Top management of the organization should review the environmental management system at intervals specified by it to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness.