State corporations and state-owned companies. State corporations and state-owned companies. Greatest state participation

The economy of any state is based on the development of various enterprises, which, due to their tax deductions to the treasury of the country, form a positive balance as a result. The presence of money in a power, in turn, is a guarantee of a successful life for the population, a guarantee of security, the integrity of the country, and its stable development. One of the main sources of income at all times in developed countries was considered state-owned companies, the list of which we will discuss in detail with you in this article. These enterprises play a significant role in the national economy, and sometimes even occupy leading positions in their niche.

Definition of a state-owned company

These financial institutions can be quite different in their capabilities, but in general they have certain similarities. So, a state company is an organization that can have any organizational and legal form. Moreover, its fixed assets are owned either directly by the state or by the municipality. The leaders are appointed to their posts (they are hired by the authorities. It is worth noting the following fact: a state-owned company is always guided not only by the search for sources of the greatest income, but also seeks to satisfy the needs of society as much as possible, because the very name of the described organization suggests that the state is the main element, acting as both a creator and a consumer.

Main provisions

Any public company:

Rights

A state-owned company, on the basis of legislation, can:

Open your additional representative offices and create various branches.
Be a member of associations and other unions of organizations.
Conclude legal contracts.
Have your own symbols (pennants, flags, emblems, other symbols) and regulate the order of their placement and use on their facilities and vehicles.

The main advantages for the employee

Often, a state-owned company, the advantages of which will be indicated below, is not able to offer high wages for its personnel unit (the only exception can be made by senior managers). At the same time, work for such an organization will take place unambiguously in strict accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In turn, for an ordinary person, this will mean that:

It is also important that for job seekers a state company puts forward less stringent age requirements than any private structure. This is especially true for people over forty, who, by modern standards, are at risk in terms of employment.

Western trends

In many western parts of our planet, there has long been a characteristic stable feature, which is as follows: young people initially build their careers and provide themselves with a good material base for the future in private firms and enterprises. After that, at the age of about 40-45 years, they change jobs and move to state-owned companies, the features of which, in turn, allow a person to relax somewhat, because in such organizations there is less energy consumption for an employee, as well as good pension and social security, which has a beneficial effect on quality and life expectancy. In addition, state-owned companies rarely advertise their vacancies on the Internet and most often cooperate most closely with various labor exchanges and municipal services.

Creation rules

The creation of a state-owned company is regulated by law. In this case, it is imperative to form a board of directors (supervisory board) of the company (both are the supreme governing body).

This governing body of the organization can resolve the following issues:

To approve the program of the company's activities for a long period of time. This document must provide for the implementation of production, financial, investment indicators, if it is established by federal law.
Approve the principle of remuneration of employees, which should provide for the dependence of wages on the level of achievement of the main indicators of effective activity.
Determine how the company's profits are used.
Make decisions on the transfer of part of the organization's tangible property to the state treasury of the Russian Federation.

Also, the supreme body has the right to form special committees and commissions itself to resolve various issues. The order of activity of the created structures and their personal and quantitative composition are determined by a separate resolution of the supervisory board.

State-owned companies in the country's economy

State-owned companies of Russia occupy leading positions in many sectors of the economy of the Federation. However, there are some industries where the presence of government organizations is very small (for example, light and food industries).

Only 9% belongs to government agencies in the production of alcoholic beverages. This became possible only thanks to Tatspirtprom and Bashspirt.

The same rather low figure - 9% - is typical for state-owned companies and in construction.

The penetration of state influence into the pulp and paper industry is about 12%. Only one state enterprise - Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Gosznak" deducts incomes to the treasury. The main assets in this area have been owned by private enterprises and firms for many years.

The telecommunications sector is influenced by the state by only 14%. The main state organization here is Rostelecom. On April 1, 2011, eight regional companies of Svyazinvest and a number of federal state unitary enterprises were merged into it.

State participation in the production of cars, semi-trailers and trailers is 17%, and in the creation of equipment and mechanisms - 15%.

Extremely weak positions of state influence in the extraction of ores of various metals and metallurgy. Here, state-owned companies have only 3% in the non-ferrous metallurgy industry. At the same time, private individuals fully own the ferrous metallurgy.

Oil production. The country controls 23% of the industry. State control takes place thanks to the assets of Rosneft and Gazpromneft.

The power industry is owned by government agencies for 35%. The main share falls on the Moscow region (Mosenergo, MOESK) and federal structures.

Considering that the state owns more than half of Gazprom's shares, the country controls the gas industry by 48%.

57% - this is how much belongs to state-owned companies in the production of various ships, space and aircraft. The position of the state is very strong in the Ufa Engine-Building Production Association, the Kazan Helicopter City of Ulan-Ude, and the United Shipbuilding Company.

Large state-owned companies have the strongest influence in the transport industry - 73%. Here, railways, oil and gas pipelines come to the fore. Railway transport is under the jurisdiction of the Russian Railways OJSC, which is wholly owned by the state. The oil pipelines are controlled by Transneft, and the gas pipelines are controlled by Gazprom.

Road monopolist

The state company "Russian Highways" was created and operates exclusively with the aim of performing the functions of a customer in the process of design, construction, reconstruction, overhaul and maintenance of highways. The company is also involved in (including traffic flow management), providing the required level of services (speed, comfort, safety), collecting tolls on toll roads, exercising control over road safety, assessing the transport and operational characteristics of roads. In addition, the government agency provides consulting, engineering and other services in its established area of activity. Her responsibilities include printing activities aimed at creating an atlas of roads in the Russian Federation. The company also creates, implements and applies innovative mechanisms for regulating traffic flows, keeps records of accident rates on highways. At the same time, the organization has the right to present its employees working in the field of road facilities for state awards.

It was decided to create a state-owned company on July 17, 2009. The basis of its work is the Federal Law signed by Dmitry Medvedev.

In 2014, the state company Russian Highways reached an agreement with the Russian Direct Investment Fund on the joint attraction of investors in various projects in the field. This agreement allowed to increase the volume of construction of new highways in the country under the control of the state. The contract made it possible to attract at least 25% of project financing from leading foreign investors.

On June 24, 2016, negotiations of the Intergovernmental Russian-Chinese Commission on Investment Cooperation took place in Beijing, in which the chairman of Avtodor Sergey Kelbakh took part. The result of the meeting was the approval of the list of priority projects for the development of the automotive infrastructure. Thus, in particular, special attention was paid to the construction of the Europe - Western China route. The project is part of a backbone expressway network. In this global construction project, the Russian state-owned company is the contractor who will have to build about 2.3 thousand kilometers of roads. The project includes two stages. The first is 567 kilometers of the high-speed highway M-11 (Moscow - St. Petersburg). The second stage is from the Central Ring Road to the border with the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Giants of Russian open spaces

The largest state-owned companies in Russia are undoubtedly the organizations that largely determine the economic state of the entire country. Therefore, it will be quite advisable to consider the list of these titans. These include:

"Russian Technologies".
Rosatom.
RusHydro.
Federal Grid Company of the Unified Energy System.
Rosneft.
Gazprom.
Transneft.
RAO "Energy Systems of the East".
Aeroflot.
United Aircraft Corporation.
"Russian Railways".
Almaz-Antey.
United Shipbuilding Corporation.
Corporation "Tactical Missile Armament".
AvtoVaz.
Military-Industrial Corporation "Scientific and Production Association of Mechanical Engineering".
SP Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia.
Joint-stock company "Alrosa".
"Vega".
Concern "Marine Underwater Weapons - Gidropribor".
Center for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Technology.
"Roskhimzashchita".
"Research and Production Corporation" Uralvagonzavod "named after F.E.Dzerzhinsky.
Concern "Oceanpribor".
"Information Satellite Systems" named after Academician MF Reshetnev.
United Industrial Corporation "Oboronprom".
"Microgen".
FSUE "Space Communication".
Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Post".
FSUE "Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network".
Irkutsk JSC for Energy and Electrification.
System operator of the Unified Energy System.
Sheremetyevo International Airport.
Koltsovo airport.

All of these largest state-owned companies in Russia are under the control of federal executive authorities and the Commission on High Technologies and Innovations. This is done with the aim of developing and implementing innovative development programs.

Greatest state participation

United Aircraft Corporation (UAC). The state-owned company is part of the mechanical engineering sector. The state owns 93.4% of the shares. The corporation was born in 2006. Initially, all 100% of the shares were owned by government agencies, but in 2009, part of the shares was sold to individuals.
Alrosa is the largest diamond producer in the country. The state owns 90.9% of the shares.
Tattelecom. The authorities do not own the company directly, but thanks to the Svyazinvestneftekhim holding. At the same time, the state controls 87.2% of the shares.
Rosneft is under the close scrutiny of the government. The state holds 82% of the shares.
The energy company "UES" is for the most part under the jurisdiction of the Federal Property Management Agency (79.55%).
Transneft. 78.11% of the available authorized capital is owned by the state.
VTB Bank. Rosimushchestvo bought out 75.5% of the shares.
Kubanenergo The power company responsible for providing electricity to the Olympic facilities in Sochi is 70% owned by the state.
RusHydro. The share of the Federal Property Management Agency in the company is 60.5%.
Inter RAO. The country owns almost 60% of the shares.
Aeroflot is a full member of the SkyTeam aviation alliance, 51.17% of which is owned by the state.

In conclusion, we note: we hope that this article was still able to help you understand which companies are state-owned today, what are their main positive qualities and what is the share of participation in the development of Russia.

Which are introduced into the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2016 No. 1502 "On the procedure for approval by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the development of the Far East of investment programs and other plans for the development of infrastructure implemented by state corporations, state-owned companies and other organizations with state participation" (Meeting legislation of the Russian Federation, 2017, No. 1, article 221).

2. To recommend to organizations according to the list provided by the appendix to the Rules for the approval by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the development of the Far East of planned and target-oriented documents of state corporations, state-owned companies and other organizations, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2016 No. 1502 "On the procedure approval by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East of planned and program-target documents of state corporations, state-owned companies and other organizations "(as amended by this resolution), within 60 calendar days from the date of entry into force of this resolution, to approve the procedures for coordinating planned and program-target documents with the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East and coordinate such documents with the said Ministry.

3. The Federal Agency for State Property Management and federal executive bodies shall, within 30 calendar days from the date of entry into force of this resolution, prepare directives to state representatives in the governing bodies of organizations with state participation on approval at the next meeting of the governing bodies of organizations according to the list provided for in this resolution , the procedure for coordinating planning and program-target documents, provided for in paragraph 2 of this resolution.

Changes to be made to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2016 No. 1502

1. In the title and paragraph 1, the words "investment programs and other plans for the development of infrastructure implemented by state corporations, state-owned companies and other organizations with state participation" shall be replaced by the words "planning and target-oriented documents of state corporations, state-owned companies and other organizations."

2. Supplement with paragraph 4 as follows:

"4. For the purposes of applying this resolution, the planning and target-oriented documents of state corporations, state-owned companies and other organizations are understood to mean long-term development programs, strategies, investment programs and programs for innovative development of state corporations, state-owned companies and other organizations."

3. In the Rules for the approval by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the development of the Far East of investment programs and other plans for the development of infrastructure implemented by state corporations, state-owned companies and other organizations with state participation, approved by the said resolution:

a) in the title of the word "investment programs and other plans for the development of infrastructure, implemented by state corporations, state companies and other organizations with state participation" shall be replaced by the words "planning and target program documents of state corporations, state companies and other organizations";

b) paragraph 1 shall be stated in the following edition:

"1. These Rules determine the procedure for approval by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East of planning and program-targeted documents received from state corporations, state-owned companies and other organizations included in the list according to the appendix (hereinafter, respectively, state companies, policy documents), and the procedure for agreeing on changes that are made to the approved program documents. ";

c) in clauses 3 - 6 the words "investment programs" shall be replaced by the words "program documents";

d) in clause 7:

in the first paragraph, the words "investment programs" shall be replaced by the words "program documents";

in the second paragraph, the words "investment program" shall be replaced by the words "program document", the word "agreed" shall be replaced by the word "agreed";

e) in clauses 8-11, the words "investment program" in the corresponding number and case shall be replaced by the words "program document" in the corresponding number and case;

f) Clause 12 shall be amended as follows:

"12. In the absence of an agreed decision on the draft program document following the results of the conciliation meeting, the issue of settling disagreements is considered by the Government of the Russian Federation with the participation of the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, who, in accordance with the distribution of responsibilities, coordinates the work of federal executive bodies on state policy in the field of integrated socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the Far Eastern Federal District. ";

g) in clause 13:

in the first paragraph, the words "approved investment program" shall be replaced with the words "approved program document", the words "investment programs" shall be replaced with the words "program documents";

in the second paragraph, the words "approved investment programs" shall be replaced by the words "approved program documents", the words "investment program" shall be replaced by the words "program document";

h) supplement with the following annex:

"APPENDIX
to the Rules of approval
Ministry of the Russian Federation
for the development of the Far East
planned and program-targeted
documents of state
corporations, public companies
and other organizations

Scroll
state corporations, state companies and other organizations, the coordination of planning and program-target documents of which is carried out by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East

1. Joint Stock Company "ALROSA" (public joint stock company)

2. Joint Stock Company "Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending"

3. Joint Stock Company "Gazprom Gas Distribution Dalniy Vostok"

4. Joint Stock Company "Far Eastern Energy Management Company"

5. Joint Stock Company "United Grain Company"

6. Joint Stock Company "United Shipbuilding Corporation"

7. Joint Stock Company "Rosagroleasing"

8. Joint Stock Company "Rosgeologia"

9. Joint Stock Company "Russian Agricultural Bank"

10. Joint Stock Company "Russian Venture Company"

11. Joint Stock Company "Russian State Center for Inventory and Accounting of Real Estate Objects - Federal Bureau of Technical Inventory"

12. Joint Stock Company "Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises"

13. Joint Stock Company "Fund for the Development of the Far East and the Baikal Region"

14. VTB Bank (public joint stock company)

15. State company "Russian highways"

16. State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom"

17. State Corporation for Space Activities "Roskosmos"

18. State corporation to promote the development, production and export of high-tech industrial products "Rostec"

19. State Corporation "Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs (Vnesheconombank)"

20. State Corporation - Fund for Assistance to Reform of Housing and Communal Services

21. Non-profit organization "Foundation for the Development of Single-Industry Towns"

22. Open Joint Stock Company "Russian Railways"

23. Limited Liability Company "Gazprom Mezhregiongaz Dalniy Vostok"

24. Public Joint Stock Company "Aeroflot - Russian Airlines"

25. Public Joint Stock Company "Gazprom"

26. Public Joint Stock Company "Oil Company" Rosneft "

27. Public Joint Stock Company "Transneft"

28. Public Joint Stock Company "State Transport Leasing Company"

29. Public Joint Stock Company "Inter RAO UES"

30. Public Joint Stock Company "United Aircraft Corporation"

31. Public Joint Stock Company "Russian Networks"

32. Public Joint Stock Company "Federal Hydro-generating Company - RusHydro"

33. Public Joint Stock Company "Federal Grid Company of the Unified Energy System"

34. Federal State Autonomous Institution "Russian Fund for Technological Development".

Document overview

The rules for approving the investment programs of state-owned companies by the Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East have been extended to all of their program documents. In addition, we are talking not only about organizations with state participation.

The named documents are understood as long-term development programs, strategies, investment programs and programs of innovative development.

The procedure for considering the issue of settling disagreements on the draft document has been clarified.

The list of organizations (34 in total) was approved, the program documents of which are coordinated by the Ministry. In addition to state corporations and state-owned companies, it includes other organizations (JSCs, LLCs, NPOs, Federal State Autonomous Institutions).

State corporation a non-profit organization established by the Russian Federation on the basis of a property contribution and created to carry out social, managerial or other socially useful functions is recognized. The form of a state corporation appeared in Russia in 1999, when the Agency for Restructuring Credit Organizations (ARCO) was created to help troubled banks. The return to this form occurred due to the fact that there are areas in which it is unprofitable for private business to invest their funds, or profit is possible, but only in the long term. And also because there was no other organizational and legal form of legal entities suitable for effective activities in the performance of functions carried out by state corporations: open joint-stock companies are commercial organizations and, therefore, pursue the goal of making a profit, and state unitary enterprises are characterized by insufficient efficiency and flexibility in decision making, which is not conducive to effective performance.

State corporations are created on the basis of federal law. Currently, the leading state corporations in Russia are the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Utilities Sector, the Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies, the Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs (Vnesheconombank), the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, the State Corporation for the Construction of Olympic Facilities and the Development of Sochi as a Mountain Climate resort (Olympstroy), State Corporation "Russian Technologies", Deposit Insurance Agency.

Organizational unity... In terms of its legal status, a state corporation is closest to a state institution. But she has no constituent documents. Each state corporation is created on the basis of a special federal law establishing the specifics of its legal status. The law must determine its name, goals of activity, location, management procedure, including the bodies of the state corporation and the procedure for their formation, the procedure for appointing and dismissing the officials of the corporation, the procedure for reorganizing and liquidating the corporation, and the procedure for using the property of the state corporation in the event of its liquidation.

Property isolation... The property transferred to the state corporation by the Russian Federation is the property of the state corporation. In the cases established by law (Article 18 of the Federal Law on the Development Bank), at the expense of part of the property of the state corporation, the authorized capital can be formed, which determines the minimum size of the property of the state corporation that guarantees the interests of its creditors.

The state corporation uses the property for the purposes determined by the law providing for the creation of the state corporation. A state corporation can carry out entrepreneurial activity only insofar as it serves to achieve the goals for which it was created and is consistent with these goals.

The public corporation is obliged to publish reports annually on the use of its property in accordance with the law providing for the creation of the public corporation.

Independent property liability... The state corporation is not responsible for the obligations of the Russian Federation, and the Russian Federation is not responsible for the obligations of the state corporation, unless otherwise provided by the law providing for the creation of the state corporation.

State-owned companies introduced into the Russian system of legal entities relatively recently, in July 2009.

A state company is a non-profit organization that does not have membership and was created by the Russian Federation on the basis of property contributions for the provision of public services and performance of other functions using state property on the basis of trust management. The state company is created on the basis of federal law (Article 7.2 of the Federal Law on non-profit organizations).

Like state corporations, state-owned companies are created on the basis of a property contribution from the Russian Federation, and are established on the basis of federal law. They can be declared insolvent (bankrupt) only if such a possibility is provided for by the federal law on their establishment.

Property transferred to a state company by the Russian Federation as property contributions, as well as property created or acquired by a state company as a result of its own activities of a state company, with the exception of property created from income received from the implementation of trust management activities, is the property of a state company, unless otherwise provided by federal law.

The main difference between a state-owned company and a state-owned corporation is that a state-owned company is focused on providing government services. At present, the State Company Russian Highways has been established.

APPROVED
decision of the Government Commission
on high technologies and innovations
dated August 3, 2010, minutes No. 4

P E R E CH E N L
joint stock companies with state participation, state corporations, federal
state unitary enterprises developing innovative development programs

Group 1- companies in respect of which the development and implementation of innovative development programs is monitored by the Government Commission on High Technologies and Innovations

Company name
SC "Rosatom"
State Corporation "Russian Technologies"	Mipromtorg of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "RusHydro"	Ministry of Energy of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Federal Grid Company of the Unified Energy System"	Ministry of Energy of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Holding MRSK"	Ministry of Energy of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Oil Company" Rosneft "	Ministry of Energy of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Gazprom"	Ministry of Energy of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Joint Stock Company for Transport oil "Transneft"	Ministry of Energy of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "RAO Energy Systems of the East"	Ministry of Energy of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Aeroflot - Russian Airlines"	Ministry of Transport of Russia
Joint Stock Company "United Aircraft Corporation"	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Modern Commercial Fleet" ("Sovcomflot")	Ministry of Transport of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Russian Railways"	Ministry of Transport of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Concern Air Defense" Almaz-Antey "	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Joint Stock Company "United Shipbuilding Corporation"	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Corporation" Tactical Missile Armament "	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Avtovaz"	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Military Industrial Corporation" Scientific and Production Association of Mechanical Engineering "	Roscosmos
Open Joint Stock Company Rocket and Space Corporation Energia named after SP. Korolev	Roscosmos
FSUE "GKNPTs named after M.V. Khrunichev"	Roscosmos
Open Joint Stock Company "Investment Company of Communications"	Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia
Closed Joint Stock Company "Joint Stock Company" Alrosa "	Ministry of Finance of Russia

Group 2- companies in relation to which monitoring of the development and implementation of innovative development programs is carried out by federal executive authorities

Company name	Federal executive body (sectoral department)
Open joint-stock company "Concern of radio engineering" Vega "	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Joint Stock Company "Concern" Sozvezdie "	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Concern" Marine Underwater Weapons - Gidropribor "	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Center for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Technology"	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Concern" Scientific and Production Association "Aurora"	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Corporation" Roskhimzashita "	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Okeanpribor Concern Open Joint Stock Company	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Concern" Morinformsistema - Agat "	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation" Uralvagonzavod "named after F.E.Dzerzhinsky"	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Information Satellite Systems" named after Academician MF Reshetnev "	Roscosmos
Open Joint Stock Company "NPO Energomash named after Academician V.P. Glushko"	Roscosmos
Open Joint Stock Company "Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port"	Ministry of Transport of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Murmansk Commercial Sea Port"	Ministry of Transport of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Koltsovo Airport"	Ministry of Transport of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "SG-Trans"	Ministry of Transport of Russia
FSUE "Rosmorport"	Ministry of Transport of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company Sheremetyevo International Airport	Ministry of Transport of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "System Operator of the Unified Energy System"	Ministry of Energy of Russia
Irkutsk open joint-stock company of energy and electrification	Ministry of Energy of Russia
FSUE "Space Communication"	Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia
FSUE "Russian Post"	Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia
FSUE "Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network"	Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia
Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Scientific and Production Association for Medical Immunobiological Preparations" Microgen "	Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "Oboronservice"	Ministry of Defense of Russia
Open Joint Stock Company "United Industrial Corporation" Oboronprom "	Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia

A state corporation is a non-profit organization without membership established by the Russian Federation on the basis of a property contribution and created to carry out social, managerial or other socially useful functions. Created on the basis of federal law. The property transferred to it by the Russian Federation is the property of the state corporation.

The state corporation is not responsible for the obligations of the Russian Federation, and the Russian Federation is not responsible for the obligations of the state corporation, unless otherwise provided by the law on its creation. It can carry out entrepreneurial activity only insofar as it serves to achieve the goals for which it was created and corresponds to these goals.

The peculiarities of the legal status of a state corporation are established by the law providing for its creation.

A state corporation, unlike an open joint stock company (OJSC) with a predominant state participation, cannot be declared bankrupt, since the current legislation provides for the bankruptcy of only non-profit organizations acting in the form of a consumer cooperative, charitable and other fund. State corporations are also not subject to information disclosure requirements mandatory for OJSCs.

The fundamental difference between a state corporation and a state unitary enterprise (SUE) lies in the withdrawal of a state corporation even from under the formal control of state bodies. In particular, state corporations are not obliged to report to state bodies on their activities, with the exception of the annual submission to the Government of Russia of an annual report, an auditor's report on accounting and financial (accounting) statements, an opinion of the audit commission based on the results of an audit of financial (accounting) statements, and some other documents. ... Any other federal government bodies, including the Ministry of Justice and Rosregistratsiya, tax and customs service, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies are not entitled to interfere in the activities of corporations. At the same time, the state corporation is not obliged to publish even the specified reporting (it publishes only the reporting directly named by the law on its creation).
The creation of state corporations became possible after the introduction of amendments to the Law "On Non-Commercial Organizations" on July 8, 1999.

The first state corporation in Russia was Agency for Restructuring Credit Institutions(ARCO), established in 1999 (abolished in 2004).

The creation of state corporations became the main direction of state policy in the second half of 2007.

Currently, there are seven state corporations in the Russian Federation - the Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs (Vnesheconombank, VEB), the State Corporation for Assistance in the Development, Production and Export of High-Tech Industrial Products ("Russian Technologies"), the Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies (RUSNANO), the Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA), the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Communal Services, the State Atomic Energy Corporation (Rosatom) and the State Corporation for the Construction of Olympic Facilities and the Development of the City of Sochi as a Mountain Climate Resort (SC Olympstroy). In addition, in July 2009, the head of state approved a law on the creation of the state company Russian Highways (Avtodor), which will develop the road network and roadside infrastructure.

In March 2009, information appeared in the media that such a form of legal entities as a state corporation could be abolished. As the Kommersant newspaper wrote on March 19, this idea was contained in the draft Concept for the Development of Legislation on Legal Entities, prepared by the Presidential Council for the Codification and Improvement of Civil Legislation. The document proposed transforming state corporations into other forms of legal entities that do not have special status and special privileges. President Dmitry Medvedev was instructed to prepare such a concept by a decree dated July 21, 2008.