How to start a gas station business: writing a business plan, calculating investments, recruiting personnel, registering, forming initial capital, financial and investment plans. A gas station business plan - how to open a gas station from scratch and own a network of gas stations within a year? Business

Gas station business plan - is it profitable? Fuel business market analytics for 2019. Organizational, production and marketing plan + calculation part + Review of the features of mini gas stations.

As long as vehicles run on liquid fuel in our country, there will always be a demand for gas stations. Although the niche is not in excess of demand in 2019, it still makes sense to develop a business plan for a gas station and put it into practice. Today we will talk about exactly how to open a gas station in Russia + we will discuss what features of doing business in the fuel trade exist in the order for 2019-2020.

Is it profitable to open a gas station?

Niche business research shows that the gas station market is gradually reaching its peak of saturation. Large petrol stations are now available even in small settlements, and if we take into account the cities with millionaires, then the competition here is simply enormous. Customers want to receive a quality product from fuel suppliers, and if they cannot provide the latter with such, they can not hope for the success of the business plan as such.

Advantages of a gas station as a business:

stable demand for fuel at filling stations in all regions of the country;
many channels for the supply and sale of products;
a high level of adaptation of filling stations to the constantly changing market;
the business can flexibly adapt to the client's needs in terms of supply volumes and fuel discounts.

Many experts believe that the new model of the petrol station business plan should provide for a vertically integrated structure, namely, the refinery-gas station. Large spending on fuel transportation forces entrepreneurs to increase the cost of products sold, as a result, low competitiveness and a high risk of losing the business.

Negative side of business:

a high level of competition from other gas stations that have more favorable terms of fuel supply, or operate under a franchise;
low-quality work of the filling station employees;
the likelihood of damage or complete breakdown of business equipment.

In addition, there are other threats to the business plan of a gas station - an increase in fuel prices with a decrease in the level of demand, leaps in rent or complete termination of the lease agreement for space for a gas station, a decrease in the purchasing power of the population, and so on.

The business owner can mitigate some of the risks by expanding the capabilities of the project plan. This includes an increase in the range of services, cooperation with customers of corporate fuel, the opening of related business areas - cafes, mini restaurants, and so on.

The latest market trends indicate a gradual modernization of oil refineries, which will ultimately lead to the full saturation of the filling station niche with high-octane fuel. In this regard, the profitability of the business will increase by 30% -40%, at least, which means that the development of a business plan for a gas station will be a completely acceptable solution for both individual entrepreneurs and LLCs.

How to make a business plan for a gas station from scratch - step by step instructions

Any project must have a documentary action plan, otherwise, no one will undertake to consider even the idea of investing funds. The only solution in this case is to develop a high-quality business plan. There are a lot of nuances in this matter, therefore, it may be simply unrealistic for a novice entrepreneur to figure out all the issues on his own.

Specialized offices or private traders can simplify the process of planning a gas station business, however, why lay out the extra 30,000-50,000 rubles if most of the information on organizing this business can be found on the Internet, in particular, in the content of this article.

1) The state of the sales market today

You cannot rush into any business with your head, at the same time, without making a complete analysis of the state of the market in the region / country. When working with gas stations, for local research, you can use regional or national dynamics, since the oil refining industry, in this aspect, works everywhere at almost the same level.

For clearer results, a business plan for a gas station should take into account 3 research parameters. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Parameter No. 1. Market environment and equity allocation

For Russia, filling stations are a monopoly market. More than 80% of filling stations of various formats are concentrated in the hands of large holding companies such as Lukoil, Rosneft, TNK and others. In the retail part of the business in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, holdings account for about 32% of the total volume.

Gas station market coverage by region:

Rosneft - business has taken the lead in 17 regions of our state in terms of the number of filling stations and the volume of fuel sold;
LUKOIL - business occupies leading positions in 14 regions of the Russian Federation;
Surgutneftegaz - coverage of 4 regions of the Russian Federation;
TNK-BP and Gazprom Neft - 3 regions each.

If we take only gasoline into account, then almost 80% of the market is captured by the holding business. The total number of filling stations across the territory of our state is now more than 30,000 points. The number of gas stations that are included in the group of leading companies is no more than 9,000, however, the share of sales for these gas stations exceeds 50% of the total volume, which indicates the complete helplessness of small businesses trying to knock out a place in the sun in this niche.

It follows from this that the volume of sales from business from ordinary gas stations is 2-3 times lower than from more promoted networks. When entering this direction from scratch, an entrepreneur can hope to cover only 25% -35% of the market, and then he will have to compete with other private traders working in the same way.

Parameter No. 2. Capacity

This parameter for calculating the profitability of a business includes the number of vehicles in the considered area of distribution, which accounts for one citizen of the country. In second place in importance is the rolling of the road network, priority in the type of fuel consumed and the demand for additional services at gas stations.

The data of Avtostat in 2019 indicate that more than 43 million passenger cars are currently driving across the territory of the Russian Federation. The average length of the roadway is 1,500,000 kilometers. If we take as a basis the number of gas stations, which was discussed above, then one gas station will have about 70 kilometers of road density.

Taking into account the variable number of cars, we will get about 2,600 passenger vehicles that can be serviced by one gas station. Naturally, this miscalculation in business cannot be called accurate, since subjective factors are not taken into account - the reputation of the gas station and the level of its services. Nevertheless, even the given data should be enough to represent the general situation on the motor transport market in our country.

Parameter No. 3. Target customers + their preferences

With regard to the customers of the gas station, everything is clear - these are motorists of various types of transport with a gasoline / diesel engine. Another question is what kind of gas station these people give their preference to. Is it rational from scratch if only the individual entrepreneur himself and a couple of his friends know about her reputation?

Customers' preferences regarding the choice of filling stations:

70% of respondents answered that, in most cases, they refuel their vehicles at popular gas stations of holding networks;
25% answered that for them there is not much difference at which particular filling station to buy fuel;
5% prefer to refuel only at small petrol stations.

From the above, it follows that the average business plan of a mini gas station or its full-fledged analogue can count on only 30% of the client base. The rest will be taken by the monopolists.

The bottom line is that a gas station from scratch is not such a profitable investment in 2019. Although the market has not yet reached the peak of meeting demand, the likelihood of squeezing between the "pillars" of the refining industry is extremely small. The only option - work under a franchise or the launch of a mini gas station with a list of additional services to its customers.

2) What format of gas station to choose?

This section deals with the classification of gas stations in accordance with NPB 111-98. It should be clarified that there are a lot of requirements in the document. The main ones are ensuring fire safety, since a gas station itself is a dangerous object. The business plan under consideration will relate to public stations. There are also departmental gas stations, but they can only refuel the cars of certain companies, and any influential organization is unlikely to want to conclude a contract with a new mini gas station.

Types of gas stations:

classic.

A variation of the business plan of a gas station, which is most often found on the territory of our state. Fuel storage tanks are located underground, and oil products are dispensed through dispensers (dispensers);

block gas station.

The fuel dispenser is located directly above the fuel storage unit of the gas station, which allows the equipment to be made into a single module. Relevant for mini business;

container gas station.

Another mini option, which includes combined storage units and fuel dispensers. The storage facilities are located above the ground. There are 2 types of container filling stations, which are subdivided depending on the capacity of the tanks - "A" (more than 20 cubic meters) and "B" (less than 20 cubic meters);

modular gas station.

One of the best options for a business plan that focuses on a mini format. The container and the dispenser have a single design. As with container filling stations, modular ones have a similar division into types "A" and "B";

mobile gas station.

As the name implies, the fuel storage and distribution system has a chassis implemented as a trailed one. The designs show themselves well in mini-business, however, only its liquid analogue - gasoline - can be sold here as fuel.

There are more than 7 varieties, however, we will say right away that it is unrealistic to join a business niche purely on this product, therefore, a gas filling station, as a start of a project, should not even be considered for a novice entrepreneur.

Classic gas stations and modular / mobile gas stations that can easily change location are considered optimal for a business plan in 2019. The first option will require more substantial investments in the business, but the income from such a gas station will be much higher. Block-type mini gas stations can be used as reconnaissance of the situation at the start of a business, or as an additional source of profit.

3) Business organizational issue

Any business in our country should be taxed, and therefore, registering a case is an integral part of the plan, which should be provided for in the organizational part of the project. Depending on the method of implementing the idea of opening a gas station, an entrepreneur can go in two ways - individual entrepreneurship (IE) or a limited liability company (LLC).

Mini gas stations cannot be called a large-scale business; accordingly, a person can find money for the implementation of a business plan on his own, which means that an individual entrepreneur will become the optimal form of ownership.

A classic filling station, or their network, requires a more substantial investment. Due to the participation of investment funds, it would be reasonable for a businessman to consider the form of ownership of an LLC, since it is not allowed by law to attract money from outside with an individual entrepreneur.

SP	OOO
A relatively simple registration procedure, only 3 documents are needed: a passport, an application for registration, a receipt for payment of the state duty (800 rubles)	The registration procedure is more complicated, you need more documents and pay more state duty (4000 rubles).
You cannot delegate a business, divide it into shares, you need to manage it yourself	There may be several co-founders and the responsibility of each within his share

No authorized capital required, no current account required, no seal	The authorized capital is required (at least 10,000 rubles), as well as the Charter of the LLC, a current account and a seal are required
Registration at the place of residence and submission of reports at the place of residence	Registration at any legal address within the Russian Federation
There are restrictions on the types of activities occupied	LLC has no restrictions on the types of activities
You can do without an accountant, there is no need to keep strict cash records, a small amount of reporting	You can't do without an accountant, the volume of reporting is quite large
Responsibility within the limits of own property, even after the closure of the sole proprietorship	Responsibility only within the authorized capital
The amount of fines is significantly lower than that of an LLC (up to RUB 50,000)	High amounts of fines for the same violations as for individual entrepreneurs (up to 1,000,000 rubles)
Taxes are either 6% (income) or 15% (income minus expenses), plus insurance contributions to the Pension Fund (minimum RUB 23,153.33)	It is more difficult with taxes, plus the founders of the LLC pay 13% of the profit (since 2015)
Low reputation and prestige for large companies	Reputation and prestige are considered to be quite high
It's easier to open branches, even in other cities	To open a branch, its registration is required, and the possibility of using the simplified tax system is lost
Simple withdrawal of money for your own needs	It is difficult to withdraw money as they formally belong to LLC
There is no way to sell, buy or re-register an individual entrepreneur	Selling, buying or re-registering an LLC does not cause problems
You can use the patent tax system to reduce costs	Patent taxation system cannot be used
It is difficult to expand the business by attracting investments and new co-founders	You can easily attract investments from a successful LLC, register new co-founders, and also expand to an OJSC
No need to document all business activities	We need a strict documentary record of all economic activities
Just close your PI	The LLC liquidation procedure is much more complicated

To make it easier for you to decide on the form of ownership for the future gas station business plan, we have provided a comparative table of the two options. Analyze your financial potential in detail - if you can provide the business yourself, then the IP is a priority, and if you have to go into large debts, then it is better to focus the business plan of the gas station on attracting investor funds and follow the path of the LLC.

The second important documentary question on the business plan of a gas station of a traditional or mini format is business permits... The property in question has an increased level of fire hazard, which means that not in every place you are allowed to build a gas station from scratch, or to have a mini mobile gas station.

List of permits for starting a gas station:

Lease contract. Only enter into a contract after making sure that the selected area meets all the requirements of the regulatory authorities. In the presence of a plot in private ownership, a document is required to confirm this fact officially.
We go to the city / district architecture department to get a gas station building permit for your business plan.
We visit Rostekhnadzor and get approval for the project of the mini gas station itself.
In SES, an entrepreneur receives documentary approval for his own business plan in relation to the fuel trading process.
We go to the regional office of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy and obtain permits for the sale and storage of fuels and lubricants.
The next point is the most problematic in the business plan of a gas station, since it must provide for all ways to reduce the fire hazard level of the construction / use facility. Only full compliance with all norms and requirements will allow an entrepreneur to get a documentary permit from the Ministry of Emergencies.
The contract for the removal of garbage from the territory of the gas station.
An agreement with a municipal organization regarding the conduct of deratization.
Quality certification of received fuel for filling stations from product suppliers.

The list is presented in order of priority, therefore, it can be used as a checklist for the organizational part of your business plan. In addition to the agreed list, which is basic for 99% of gas stations, the entrepreneur must also take care of the certification of the equipment itself, which will be used on the territory of his gas station. The list includes not only speakers and storage, but even PCs that will be used at the point of sale. Furniture for the staff of mini gas stations also needs certification from companies that produce anti-static treatment.

The business practice of gas stations in our country shows that it takes from 60 to 120 days to obtain the entire list of permits... The cost of this process is also not cheap - from 300,000 to 500,000 rubles for one point of sale of fuel products. Despite the need to collect a huge pile of papers for opening a mini business, there is good news for an entrepreneur - no licensing required for the petrol station business plan.

4) Production plan of the gas station

When the entrepreneur overcomes the paper question, which in the considered business plan is one of the most difficult, it will be possible to proceed to the production part - the installation of equipment, the search for personnel and the organization of a place for a gas station. By the way, some points of the organizational plan will be resolved as the production progresses, because, for example, you will not physically be able to receive certificates for equipment without having it available.

1. A place for a gas station + organization of the production process

The location of the gas station is one of the main factors of business success. Priority should be given to areas near traffic intersections, highways or mini / large car parks. In addition, it should be provided that the gas station is not on the outskirts of settlements, as this will reduce the volume of sales of products several times. Look for places where there are no advertised monopoly holdings and there is a high level of demand.

We agree that it is incredibly difficult to find a territory that will meet absolutely all the requirements, however, the more conditions are met, the higher the profitability of your gas station business plan will become in the future. Before concluding a lease agreement, it is advised to order an independent examination of the suitability of the site for UDS.

Plan of premises at the gas station:

hall for trade.

An additional source of income won't hurt. If the business plan provides for a mini gas station, this point can be overlooked;

An integral object for both staff and customers of the gas station;

warehouse.

Like the first point, in the case of a mini gas station, it may be irrelevant;

locker room.

For use by petrol station personnel.

It is better to locate the main office separately, for example, in the central part of the city. The interior of the business premises is formed based on the preferences of the business owner himself. In addition to the premises for customer service, there will be 2 dispensers on the territory of the gas station - this is the best option for a classic refueling. In the case of a mini gas station, depending on the level of mobility of the modules, you can use either 1 fuel dispenser or a couple.

The order of the production process of the gas station:

The supplier's transport delivers fuel and discharges it into specialized tanks located on the territory of the station.
The car owner drives into the gas station to the fuel dispenser and inserts a pistol into the tank. If you have money to spare in your business plan for personnel, a separate salesperson can provide this action.
Payment for the desired amount of fuel at the checkout.
Penetration of the check from the cashier's side and the launch of the filling station bay.
End of the bay. Check out the client and wait for the next one.

When working at a mini gas station, the procedure may differ slightly, but the general algorithm, we think, is clear. The area of the site itself for the gas station depends on the format. With a mini gas station, this is from 300 square meters, and in the case of developing a business plan for a full-fledged gas station - from 900 square meters and above. It will be enough to allocate about 70 square meters of space from the site to the gas station itself.

2. Equipment and personnel at the gas station

The number of personnel for filling stations is formed on the basis of the scale of the business being opened. An important point for every newly hired employee - training certificates... A person can get this crust at specialized courses in nearby cities. When applying for a job, the nuance should be immediately discussed with the applicant, since not everyone wants to spend 2 weeks on training, in some cases, at their own expense or in the course of deduction from future wages. The average cost of the course is from 2,000 rubles.

The staff will consist of:

technical staff, that they will fulfill the duties of refueling vehicles, pumping wheels and other services provided for in the price list of a gas station;
the cashier, on whose shoulders the calculation will fall, and the possible preparation of coffee at the request of the customer of the gas station;
the seller - if there is a mini store at the gas station;
repairer - responsible for the operability of the equipment + helps in the provision of services for the easy repair of vehicles for the customers of the column;
security guards - 2 people who will work in shifts to ensure the safety of your business;
cleaning lady - is engaged in putting things in order both in the gas station premises and in the adjacent territory;
electrician - works under a contract and is called if necessary.

As a rule, accounting in a business plan is outsourced, therefore, here the entrepreneur will be able to save a little. The same applies to the managerial position, which is assumed by the owner himself. As the business expands, the final number of gas station employees may increase proportionally.

What equipment is required:

stainless steel tanks (3-4 jokes) with a capacity of 30 cubic meters each. The exact amount is determined based on the types of fuel that will be sold at the filling station in accordance with the business plan;
fuel storage tank in case of emergency - 1 joke with a volume of 20 cubic meters;
fire tank - 1 piece from 10 cubic meters;
dispensers, preferably equipped with sensors for dispensed fuel consumption;
automated system for refueling control;
POS terminal;
computers + peripherals to them;
equipment for ensuring fire safety;
security system + video surveillance (optional).

With regard to software solutions for business management, it is better for an entrepreneur to use ready-made systems from well-known manufacturers. The same S&B or Smart Oil will be the same. The exact number of pieces of equipment depends, again, on the format of the dispenser and its efficiency in the sale of fuel. It is better to purchase equipment for gas stations only from certified suppliers - this will simplify the procedure for registering a business and speed up the issuance of some certificates by 20% -30%.

5) How to Promote Business - Marketing Project Plan

Before working out a marketing strategy, it is necessary to analyze some parameters. First of all - competition in the local market and the optimal location for refueling... If an entrepreneur managed to knock out a site with a large influx of customers, and, at the same time, the absence of market monopolists, the business will go up the hill much faster. We have described in detail the preconditions for this decision in the analytical part above.

In second place is - range of services and prices... With a mini gas station, everything is clear - the sale of fuel + primitive service. With a traditional gas station, everything is much more interesting - this is a service station and a mini market, and a car wash + a bunch of different offers that can be useful to the client. The table above shows an approximate layout for a moderate appetite gas station. If desired, the markup can be made higher, however, the risk of customer churn will increase, and this is highly undesirable for a starting business.

With regard to the indirect source of profit from the gas station, the situation is similar. The table above shows the optimal share ratio based on the level of demand for a particular gas station product.

The influence of the season when planning the work of a gas station is a very insignificant factor that can be neglected. Taking into account the time required for paperwork, construction of the site and premises for refueling, it may take up to 12 months to achieve the optimal level of sales of fuel products - a pessimistic scenario. With a skillful advertising campaign in the business plan of a gas station, this period can be reduced by 60% -90%.

Business promotion tools:

luminous stele with prices for gasoline / diesel fuel;
signboard;
balls for the first month after opening;
leaflets advertising the new gas station;
placement of advertising structures at traffic intersections and in other places with a high level of traffic;
articles in print media;
Personal site;
advertising in local media;
local radio spots.

It will not be superfluous to periodically hold promotions for discounts on fuel - this will attract more regular customers + increase the effect of word of mouth, thereby reducing spending on the advertising campaign of the business.

6) The estimated part of the gas station business

A business plan for a gas station cannot be called a quick payback project. According to statistics, more than 90% of businessmen return investments no earlier than 4 years since the opening of the gas station. Good connections or working under a franchise can shorten the period to 3 years, however, this time period for a budding entrepreneur is also not satisfactory.

One-time opening costs:

business registration - up to 400,000 rubles;
development, construction of a site for a gas station + installation of modules - 2,100,000 rubles;
advertising for business promotion - 90,000 rubles;
equipment in the minimum configuration - 1,200,000 rubles;
other expenses - 30,000 rubles.

In the end, only to launch the column itself, we will need to invest about 3,820,000 rubles... If this were all over, then the proposed business plan would not be so expensive, however, monthly expenses must also be taken into account.

Monthly business expenses:

payroll fund - 250,000 rubles;
rent - 50,000 rubles;
depreciation - 30,000 rubles;
communal apartment - 6,000 rubles;
advertising - 15,000 rubles;
remote accounting - 10,000 rubles;
fuel purchase - 3,500,000 rubles;
security of an object or private security company - 25,000 rubles.

In addition to the start-up capital for the opening, it will be necessary to provide for and 3,886,000 rubles for monthly expenses, and this is only by preliminary calculations. In practice, the amount may turn out to be much higher - + 20% -40%.

The income part is formed on the basis of a mark-up, which will depend on the demand and additional services provided to customers within the point of sale. At a discount rate of 10%, the break-even current will be about 500,000 rubles however, it will be overcome only after the filling station reaches high sales volumes, which will take from 7 to 9 months after the start.

Own gas station. How to become the owner of your own gas station?

Mini petrol station business plan - features of the economy petrol station niche

As you already understood, a full-scale gas station is not the cheapest pleasure, especially for a budding entrepreneur. The 20% markup does not save the situation, since our people are used to doubling investments, and not being content with little. All of the above prompts a completely adequate solution - the opening of a mini gas station.

The popularity of mini gas stations came in 2012, when the facility was removed from the influence of Rostekhnadzor. In 2019, the Ministry of Emergency Situations is engaged in the classification of stations, the connection of the old authority is made only if the business is located in a hazardous type of production.

Design features of a mini gas station:

Wall thickness.

There are single-walled and double-walled mini fuel containers. The first ones are allowed to operate only outside settlements + their volume should not exceed 10 cubic meters. The use also requires the construction of a pallet, in addition to the transport platform, which makes the financial plan of the business more costly;

design.

Mini containers are equipped with a built-in pump for receiving fuel. The software filling should include a system for monitoring the inter-wall space with the function of warning about depressurization. More details on other features of mini containers can be found in NBP111-98;

volumes of compartments.

If there is a mini gas station on the territory of a settlement, then the volume of the chamber is less than 10 cubic meters, and the volume of the entire container is less than 40 cubic meters. When located behind a settlement, the chamber is not more than 20 cubic meters, and the entire container is not more than 60 cubic meters.

Failure to comply with the agreed standards entails an automatic transition of a mini gas station (KAZS) to another type of classifier, accordingly, the entrepreneur loses all the advantages of the container solution. With regard to the documentation for mini refueling, here you need customs union declaration and data sheet + eco / sanitary certificates.

Automating a mini gas station is much easier than a full-fledged gas station. It is enough to install an automatic remote-type unmanned control system that will dispense fuel by chips or smart cards. The price of one mini gas station is from 100,000 rubles... Taking into account the costs of registration and knocking out all permits, the total capital for the business plan will not exceed 250,000 rubles, which is a very attractive alternative to a multimillion-dollar business with dubious payback periods.

It should also be understood that a mini gas station business plan will not be able to bring you multimillion-dollar income, since the volumes of fuel sold will be very modest. Even taking into account the margin of 30% -40%, the net monthly profit is unlikely to exceed the mark of 100,000 rubles.

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The retail sale of automotive fuel is a highly profitable business. For this reason, many aspiring entrepreneurs ask themselves the question: how to open a gas station from scratch and how much does it cost?

In this article, we will look at how to open a gas station and present a detailed example of a business plan with calculations. We will also find out what permits are needed for this, we will calculate the amount of necessary financial investments in order to understand how much it costs to open a gas station.

The specifics of the business at gas stations

Opening your own gas station is not an easy task that requires a lot of entrepreneurial experience. This kind of business requires a lot of investment, so it is worth making an adequate assessment of your financial capabilities. Not every newcomer will be able to compete with Rosneft gas stations.

Experts do not recommend this type of entrepreneurship if you are starting your first own business. It will be easier for newcomers to the market to open a gas station under a franchise and work under the wing of a well-known brand. In this case, they will be provided with stable fuel supplies and a wide base of potential customers.

Doing business independently involves looking for loyal suppliers with flexible terms of cooperation and stable regular fuel supplies. Typically, these suppliers are small refineries.

Drivers often prefer gas stations with a well-known name, which must also be taken into account. To win regular visitors, we can recommend the introduction of your own system of accumulative bonuses for regular customers, so that it would be profitable for them to refuel with you. It is constantly necessary to generate new ideas for promoting your brand.

The number of motorists is growing every year, and hence the demand for car fuel. A very high threshold for entering this niche is compensated for by a fairly quick payback, and for this you need to draw up the necessary business plan.

The first steps

First of all, you need to study the gas station market and assess the level of supply in your region. Define your competitive advantage. At this stage, it is worthwhile to understand whether you will run a completely independent business, or resort to franchising.

There are two more ways to become the owner of your gas station: buy a ready-made business or become a tenant.

Services for the sale of fuels and lubricants are subject to licensing. You will have to take care of the issue of obtaining a license for the right to store and sell fuel in advance. This right is confirmed by the presence of documents with a stamp of the established format.

Two different formats

As already noted, before opening your gas station, you need to decide on the fundamental principle of your future business. It can be a completely and completely independent activity or franchising. To go on a free voyage in this area and open a gas station from scratch, without having the appropriate experience, is too risky an undertaking due to the many complex nuances.

According to experts, the best option for a beginner entrepreneur is to work on a franchise from leading market leaders. The recognizable logo of a large company, such as Gazprom or Lukoil, always attracts motorists.

Franchising has a number of advantages, including:

The help of experienced specialists at the stage of opening an enterprise.
Consulting in the course of organizing the work of a gas station.
Ensuring fuel supplies from reliable suppliers.
Working on behalf of a well-known brand - a steady flow of customers.

Buying a franchise also has its drawbacks:

strict adherence to corporate standards;
lack of freedom in matters of pricing policy;
compulsory and regular franchise payments.

Having decided on the format of the business, one should address the issue of its registration with the municipal and tax authorities. Large companies such as Gazprom operate on a common taxation system, therefore, they are VAT payers.

For this reason, suppliers such as Rosneft cannot include transactions with individual entrepreneurs in their expenses and income. Hence the main recommendation: a gas station requires registration as a legal entity - (LLC). After acquiring this status, your company will have its own corporate seal.

Having registered your business, you can proceed to the next, equally important stages - the choice of the location of your future gas station and the preparation of design and estimate documentation.

Seat selection

Location is an extremely important issue, both in terms of potential profitability and in terms of security requirements. You will need to study a lot of information about the state of the market. You should carefully analyze the traffic flow in your city and the availability of free land plots.

Petrol stations are usually located on busy highways and junctions. Refueling should be provided with a convenient entrance. The size of the required area is determined by the following criteria:

Variety of types of fuel sold (gasoline, diesel fuel, methane, propane).
Number of fuel dispensers.
The presence / absence of operating cafes, mini-shops, etc. in the gas station.

The average land area is usually 100 m2.

The article below is a ready-made version of an economically calculated gas station project. All information and calculations are provided by specialists. Therefore, the business plan of a gas station can be used to draw up an individual business planning. Also in this article it will be found out how much it costs to open a gas station in Russia and what is needed for this.

Summary

When, the summary is the most important part of the entire main document. Since it is it that contains all the necessary information about the project being developed, its concepts, as well as prospects. All leading experts assure that the further receipt of investments depends on the completed resume.

Objective of the project: "Open a gas station in the city of Chelyabinsk"
Project task: "Supply of vehicle owners with various fuels and lubricants"

Initiator of the project

The decision to launch a gas station was made, which has three gas stations at its disposal in the city of Chelyabinsk and the Chelyabinsk region. The initiator also has sufficient experience in this area, since the work of his objects directly brings constant profit, and their work is clearly planned and established. There is also a proven and debugged work with suppliers.

Initial capital

The business plan of the gas station assumes the presence of an initial capital in the amount of $ 61,000, which in turn is distributed among themselves for the purchase of a plot of land, design, construction of the facility, as well as the purchase of all the necessary equipment for the operation of the gas station.

The method of distribution of the initial capital, for all components:

The business plan for opening a gas station (refueling) from scratch involves the implementation of financing with the help of personal material investments of the entrepreneur, as well as by obtaining. The process of obtaining a loan for refueling cars in the bank in the amount of $ 29,486.84 is planned to be carried out at nineteen percent per annum for a period of five years. It is also worth concluding an agreement with the bank on differentiated loan repayment.

As the main collateral in the bank, it is worth exposing the acquired land plot and all the technical equipment to the gas station.

Payback

Based on the above information, a business plan for this year's filling station in figures has been developed, which also suggests a payback plan for the project.

The main effective indicators for the construction of a gas station have the following characteristics:

Discounted rate of eleven percent. With this indicator, the flow of all cash is brought to the present value;
Planned inflation of ten percent;
The planned payback period for the filling station is six years. At this point, all funds spent on this project are covered;
The payback period of the discounted type assumes more than nine years. It is based on the calculation of all inflationary processes;
The net present value is approximately $ 104.07;
The internal rate of return is around thirty-seven percent.

Judging by these testimonies, we can conclude that this project is very good. Which also assumes a fairly quick payback.

Suppliers

To conclude a more reliable, and most importantly, a verified contract, it is necessary to attract an oil refinery located in relatively close proximity to the main suppliers. This method will allow not only obtaining high-quality raw materials, but also significantly save.

The price category of a domestic manufacturer is much lower than with other similar enterprises, and there is also a fairly large selection. It also has its own line of engine oils and gearbox oils. You can use one of the manufacturers for the supply of coolants and braking agents.

Construction company and equipment suppliers

It is most beneficial to use the services of one of the local contractors with whom you previously worked. Since in this case there is a certain guarantee of quality and reliability. It is best to conclude a contract with, whose experience exceeds about ten years, and also completed projects are available. In this case, one can judge the work of the construction company itself.

To select an equipment supplier, you can involve a Moscow company. She has extensive experience in supplying equipment to filling stations in all regions of the country.

Products and services

The products that will be offered to potential customers contain the following main group of goods:

Three brands of gasoline, categories 92, 95, 98;
Diesel fuel;
Range of additives and motor oils;
Cooling substances;
Braking agents.

It is worth noting that this assortment does not differ from the goods offered at other gas stations of the entrepreneur.

Investment plan

The bulk of investments aimed at opening a gas station will be redistributed for the purchase of technical equipment, as well as for construction and installation work. Most of the investment funds will be used to purchase land for the station.

A detailed description of expenses is given in this table, the amounts are indicated in dollars, including VAT.

№	expenditures	Cost, USD	Quantity	Total amount, USD
1	Buying land	9539,86		9539,86
2	Construction works	28619,58		28619,58
	Technical equipment
3	Column for dispensing fuel	2601,78	5	13008,9
4	Gas station control system	953,99	1	953,99
5	Microprocessor pressure equipment	1127,44	1	1127,44
6	Refueling point	1647,79	1	1647,79
7	Sweat containers	1821,25	4	7284,98
	Equipment for trade
8	Rack	43,36	8	346,88
9	Cash register equipment	260,18	1	260,18
10	Counter for sale	607,08	1	607,08
	Furniture for interior
11	Chair	43,36	2	86,73

The total amount when calculating turned out to be: 51,428.52 dollars.

Planning investment charges and tasks

A ready-made business plan for a gas station also includes the total period of all activities and start-up work. Thus, it is planned that the filling station will begin operations in about a year and a half from the start of business planning.

Production plan

The structure of the production plan is necessary for a detailed description of all production processes. The essence is to familiarize a potential investor with all the necessary work, equipment that will be required for the normal functioning of the business. Thus, he shows that he is able to cope with the organization of the entire production process.

Premises

Includes measures for the construction of the building in which the staff will be located. And also on the territory of the gas station there will be a specialized store in which there will be goods necessary for cars, for example, such as various oils, anti-freezing liquids and other components.

The building itself will be divided into the following segments:

The hall is equipped with a shopping area, on the territory of this room there will be a place for the cashier and the products sold will be directly placed;
A room equipped for a toilet;
A room adapted for storing additional goods;
A place where petrol station personnel can change clothes and leave their personal belongings.
A room designed to accommodate management personnel is not required in this case. Since the manager occupies an office space in the city and, therefore, from there, the solution of various tasks related to the business is made.

Staff

It should also be emphasized that there is no need to recruit additional management personnel, which means that in this case you can significantly save on this cost item.

There will be two filling stations on the territory of the filling station. And thanks to this, you can service two cars at once. This solution is perfectly acceptable to this type of gas station business plan and fully justifies the investments made in the business. Since in the future there will be a commensurate ratio of the volume of investments and the proceeds received.

The ready-made business solution takes into account the round-the-clock operating mode of the gas station, which, moreover, will be performed on all days, including holidays. This decision is due to the fact that there is an immediate need of a potential client to refuel his vehicle at any time and on any day.

The working process

The main production activities of the gas station will be carried out according to the standard business scheme below:

Gasoline will be delivered to the station using a special fuel truck, directly from the refinery itself. Further, the delivered gasoline will be poured into special tanks for further storage directly at the gas station itself;
A potential client in his vehicle stops at a petrol station. Further, there is an independent service of the car owner of his vehicle;
After that, the car owner goes to the station's ticket office in order to indicate the selected brand of gasoline, as well as how much he will need during refueling. Also, the client indicates the number of the gas station, and then the payment itself is made directly;
Next, a petrol station employee knocks out a paid check. After that, the cashier starts the process of filling gasoline into the car's tank;
Upon completion of the process of refueling the vehicle, the customer pulls out the pistol, places it back on the dispenser and clears up the refueling space for the next car owner.

Total cost

The gas station constantly purchases various oils, liquids and fuels for the normal functioning of its business. The entire range of goods, the gas station purchases directly from the manufacturer. The value of the cost of the total production, divided into product groups with a direct margin, is as follows.

Marketing plan

It also represents one of the important sections of a gas station business plan. In order to correctly draw up a marketing plan, you must first conduct market research and add all the results obtained to the current business project.

Any type of marketing plan includes the following components:

Market research process and its needs;
Choosing a suitable entrepreneurship strategy;
Research on the presence of competition;
Determination of pricing policy;
Identification of factors that can affect the pricing strategy;
Choosing the right marketing strategy.

Based on the above points, we will carry out marketing planning for a gas station, which will be located in the Chelyabinsk region.

Competition

It should be borne in mind that this area of business has a lot of competition. Therefore, we can safely assure that it is practically impossible for a young and inexperienced businessman to come into this business.

Since this market is also quite crowded with such large producers as Lukoil, Rosneft, Gazprom, as well as small, but with stable operation, various established networks of gas stations.

At this stage, one can judge the full occupancy of all profitable places, calculated for gas stations. However, the need for an increase in the number of filling stations is constantly increasing, since the immediate fleet itself is constantly being replenished. And this, in turn, leads to the fact that the existing networks of gas stations are increasing their number. Therefore, it is not necessary to subdivide this project into economically unprofitable ones.

Location selection

You need to give your preference to land plots located at the exit from the city, on highways with a large flow of cars. It is especially important that the site is located directly in the industrial area. And upon completion of construction work, this object will be very well visible, both at night and during the day. And this, in turn, will attract additional customers.

Range of products sold

The list of all sold goods will be fairly standard, as for other gas stations. Grades of gasoline will be located in the very first rows of products, and then car owners, if necessary, can purchase the necessary oils, engine fluids and other parts.

The price category for the offered products will be comparable to the cost at all other gas stations located in the city. But the price of the offered product should be lowered by about fifty kopecks.

The need to lower the price category is that the consumer is more likely to give preference to large gas stations directly from the refineries themselves. And if the difference is minimal, the buyer will give preference to lower prices. But to provide the sold products, it is also necessary to comply with all standards of quality and reliability, otherwise even reduced prices will not attract a client.

The table below will provide a list of the full range of necessary goods for a gas station, with a price category, as well as with a cost price and markups.

№	Product group name	The cost of products calculated in dollars per liter	Exposed margin as a percentage	The total cost of goods in dollars per liter	Earned shares in sales
1	Gasoline brands	0,62	16%	0,75	73%
2	Diesel fuel grades	0,61	15%	0,69	25%
3	Variety of oils	2,69	42%	3,82	5%
4	Various liquids	0,62	16%	0,75	7%
	Total:	4,54	89	6	110%

Volume of sales

If we compare the list of other goods, then the need for gasoline is constantly there, regardless of the season and area. Therefore, when calculating in this business project, the seasonal factors of the sale of goods will not be considered, since there is no point in this in vain. But it is worth considering that a new place does not immediately attract a sufficiently large number of potential customers, so it is worthwhile to calculate the schedule for the planned time when the business reaches the required sale of the goods.

№	Calendar month	Percentage of the maximum sales of goods
1	The first month	25 %
2	Second month	35 %
3	Third month	45 %
4	Fourth month	55 %
5	Fifth month	65 %
6	Sixth month	75 %
7	Seventh month	80 %
8	Eighth month	85 %
9	Ninth month	90 %
10	Tenth month	95 %
11	Eleventh month	95 %
12	Twelfth month	100 %

Based on the above table, we can conclude that the gas station will begin to sell the maximum amount of goods only after one calendar year.

And after the gas station switches to the maximum volume of sales of its own goods, according to the developed business project, the average check is planned to be one thousand rubles. The plan also includes a daily refueling of more than six hundred vehicles, which is about twenty vehicles per one working hour.

Advertising

The company itself will be held in the following categories listed below:

Ordering a high stand, which will highlight all the prices and goods of the gas station.
The design of the filling station in the colors that are available at other filling stations of this network.
Order an attention-grabbing sign.
Festive decoration during the first working month of a gas station.
Ordering advertising leaflets, which will be distributed to customers at other petrol stations in the network, in order to inform about the newly opened object.
Ordering attention-grabbing signs, stands, which will also be located at other stations of the network. And also their goal will be to directly inform the client about the new object.
To attract customers, as well as to entertain them, you will need to order a special height figure.

Organizational plan

Due to the fact that this entrepreneur already has a whole network of similar objects, therefore, this station will also be registered in his name. The limited liability company created by this entrepreneur will also include this object. The existing legal entity will also carry out the registration of the acquired land and the loan.

Staff for gas stations

For a detailed acquaintance with the full-fledged staff of employees, as well as their salaries and bonuses, are presented in the table below:

№	Job title	The number of employees	Full salary	Bonus accruals
1	Station owner	1	0,0	25% of the received profit
2	Seller-cashier	4	16 000	4% of the received proceeds
3	Utility room worker	4	12 000	About one hundred percent of the basic salary
4	Accountant	1	6 000
	Total:	10	32 000

The accountant in this case will be an existing employee in the network of gas stations. Payment for the gas station accountant will be made by means of an additional charge for a new object.

It is also worth noting that it is desirable to include the position of a station guard in the staff of the staff. This, in turn, guarantees the safety of personnel and the facility itself. When hiring a security guard, you can also use specialized security companies.

Financial plan

In order to more accurately draw up the existing payback model for a given gas station, it is necessary to be guided by the following assumptions in the calculations:

The existing rate of inflation in the general economic situation, which can be up to ten percent;
The presence of a discounted rate, which is also about eleven percent;
The existing tax system OSNO;
Exposed tax on profits received, which is about twenty percent;
The existing personal income tax, which is also about thirteen percent;
Exposed value added tax, amounting to about eighteen percent;
Various deductions of funds in social areas, which can amount to about forty percent.

Payback

Based on the above calculations and information, a more detailed description of the payback period of the gas station business plan is drawn up.

The approximate time required for model building, which can be about ten years;
The indicator of cash flows, which are adjusted at the present value in an eleven percent ratio, according to the current business plan;
The time period for which the full coverage of the spent start-up capital occurs can be about seven years;
The discounted payback period of a business project, which includes inflation and investment returns, can be about ten years;
The net present value of a petrol station could be around $ 104,071.2;
And the indicator of the internal rate of return can be about forty percent.

Break-even indicator

Or what else I call the break-even point. This indicator is the value of the total volume of the sale, it can be expressed both in quantitative terms and in material ratio. With this indicator, the gas station operates in a zero ratio. That is, if a gas station increases the volume of products sold, then it will profit, if, on the contrary, it decreases, then at a loss.

In this model, the break-even point will be around $ 8,672.6.

If we take into account that in this developed business plan it is planned to exit, to receive a monthly revenue of about six hundred thousand rubles, taking into account value added tax and the built schedule of maximum sales, then the gas station will receive its first profit only in the seventh month of operation.

Research on sustainability

In order to get more detailed information about what moments and how strongly can affect the total profit and the activity of the gas station, the table below is built, which includes all changes in the net present value, which directly depends on the change in the cost of gasoline prices. diesel fuel and all the rest of the constituent product with the obligatory accounting for employee wages.

№	The name of indicators	Minus 20%	Minus 10%	Zero threshold	Plus 10%	Plus 20%
1	Selling price	-2 700	- 2 200	8 400	14 600	18 200
2	Purchase price	4300	6 900	8 400	11 000	12 500
3	Available costs	7 200	8 000	8 400	9 300	10 200

Potential risks

In the business plan of a gas station, it is necessary to include possible risks that may have an economic, political, social or production side.

Technological

This type can be attributed to a significant decrease in the total demand for fuels and lubricants. This can arise if innovative technologies introduce engines for vehicles that do not need to consume either diesel or gasoline. And also technological risk can be promoted by the large proliferation of gas cylinders for cars, which will replace the consumption of the same gasoline.

But, apparently, in the near future, the release of some radically improved engine models is not expected. Therefore, it is not worth spending a lot of time predicting risks on this point. Also, one should not pay much attention to the transition of vehicles to gas, since in this case there will be a sharp rise in price, and this moment will greatly slow down the gasification of cars.

Political

The gasoline industry is regulated exclusively by the state apparatus. Therefore, based on this, under various political circumstances that may lead to the restriction of gasoline, a situation of loss of some amount of profit is possible. Since the owner of the gas station will be forced to lower the prices for their own goods.

Economic

If there is a sharp decline in full-fledged economic growth, then this, in turn, will greatly impede the receipt of the planned profit from the gas station. And this will directly affect the payment of credit accounts and the emergence of various controversial issues that will be resolved directly in court. And all these circumstances will negatively affect the development of this type of entrepreneurial activity.

Vladimir Khomutko

Reading time: 3 minutes

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What are the stages to start a business selling petroleum products?

It seems to many of us that any business based on oil and oil products is the lot of oligarchs and multimillionaires. However, this is not entirely true. Extraction of both petroleum products is indeed associated with large investments, but trade in final oil products is quite accessible even to “mere mortals”. Next, we will try to figure out how you can organize your business for the sale of petroleum products.

To organize your business in this area, you do not need to have a lot of money or connections in the management of large oil companies. A correct preliminary calculation and knowledge of the realities of the local oil market can make you a completely successful small, and then, possibly, a large trader.

Let's make a reservation right away that the initial capital is still required, but its volume will not be outrageous at all.

As a rule, most entrepreneurs start with wholesale. The initial goal of such a business is local consumers, and then, as the regional market is developed, it is possible to enter the all-Russian and even international (at least within the CIS countries).

The essence of the wholesale trade in petroleum products is the purchase of large consignments of goods with their subsequent sale in small wholesale with an appropriate margin. Many novice entrepreneurs are frightened by the issues of creating the appropriate infrastructure: where to store the purchased goods, how to transport it, and so on. So, at the first stage, these issues are quite simply resolved without significant capital investments. It is not at all necessary to have your own oil storage. Services for the temporary storage of petroleum products are provided by almost all oil refineries and large oil depots, which sell them.

True, there are limitations in terms of storage time, since oil products are constantly produced, and storage facilities are required for new batches of products. Therefore, the trader must plan sales ahead of time in order to meet the storage deadlines.

Delivery to the end consumer at the first stage of business development is carried out using fuel trucks. Buying them right away is impractical, since there is always an opportunity to rent them.

Of course, these costs are borne by the cost of the products sold, but it makes it possible to minimize the initial investment.

The most important thing in this type of business is to find buyers first. Purchasing wholesale petroleum products without specific sales is an extremely risky undertaking. Only by taking care of sales in advance can you expect a good profitability.

Any new business starts with drawing up a business plan. Moreover, the more time you spend working on it, the more chances you have for the success of your future enterprise. The business plan should take into account such expenditure items as the cost of buying a wholesale consignment of goods, the cost of renting fuel trucks, the initial expenses for the official registration of the business with the tax and other authorities, staff salaries, and so on. The income part consists of the estimated volume of funds received from the sale of petroleum products. The second section of the business plan is extremely important and should be based on data from real, not potential buyers.

If you do not have sufficient initial capital, or, according to your business plan, there is not enough of them, you can always contact the bank. A well-designed business plan plays almost the most important role in obtaining a loan. However, remember - credit organizations are very strict in monitoring the fulfillment of your debt obligations, and they are not interested in the problems of your business. Be prepared for this.

Many will say: "In this market, everything has long been divided between the major players!" This is partly true, but your trump card is mobility. Large trading organizations tend to be slower to respond to changes in the market than smaller ones. This allows the latter to maneuver the price and win their customers by reducing the percentage of profitability. In addition, the larger the trader, the less interested in the small buyer. And for your company, this is exactly what you need.

Another way to reduce costs with an eye to the future development of the business is to purchase equipment on lease.

Leasing differs from lease in that over time the equipment becomes your property, which is very important for a growing company. Having gained a permanent base of reliable clients in your region, you can proceed to the next stage of the enterprise's development.

If your company selling petroleum products has become successful, and it is cramped within the region, it is time to enter other markets.

The main problems that can prevent this are as follows:

the share of transportation costs increases due to an increase in transportation distance;
for the same reason, delivery times to the final consumer increase;
in each region there is an established supplier-consumer system, which implies tough competition for its market share.

The same applies to the markets of the CIS countries. However, when entering them, there is also a specific risk. Often, such contracts imply settlement upon receipt of oil products at the buyer's warehouse. Since the distance is quite significant, and the delivery time is too, the trader runs the risk of a price change during the delivery time. It should be said here that such fluctuations are both lower and higher, therefore, in one case, the supplier loses, in the other, it wins, and with constant supplies, profitability, as a rule, remains at the planned average level.
As mentioned above, transportation costs increase significantly, which leads to a decrease in profits, since it is far from always possible to increase the final price of products and compensate for unnecessary costs. However, expanding the client base leads to an increase in the volume of sold petroleum products, which more than compensates for the losses incurred and, more importantly, makes the business more sustainable by reducing dependence on each specific consumer.
Well, the pinnacle of growth as a trader of petroleum products is the construction of his own refinery.

Of course, this is already a huge investment that only very successful entrepreneurs can afford. The construction of the refinery is planned in advance. It is desirable that its location be in close proximity to the largest end consumers. Thus, the share of the transport component in costs is significantly reduced.

When comparing statistical data on the Russian and European markets, the advantage of the retail fuel market in our country becomes obvious. Each domestic filling station has several times more customers than in the EU. At the same time, the margin income reaches 20%. In addition to vertically integrated companies, there are many independent participants in the market.

The business plan will indicate the sequence of actions for opening a gas station. It is also required when applying for a loan at a financial institution. Bankers need to be sure to provide funds to a responsible customer.

Business plan

The above project considers the construction of a gas station and an additional range of services:

shop of spare parts and consumables;
Cafe;
parking;
service maintenance;
quick oil change.

Construction will be on the highway near the district center. The size of the filling complex is 1200 sq.m.

Goals

Business goals:

meet the needs for fuel, fuels and lubricants and service;
eliminate the lack of gas stations on the selected section of the route;
get profit from investing funds.

Project parameters:

It is planned to build a filling station with four types of fuel: diesel, AI-92, AI-80, AI-95.
Construction of a cafe to serve customers of gas stations and passing cars.
Organization of a parking lot.
Creation of a service post for a quick oil change.

Price

It is planned to invest 250 thousand cu in the construction. for the following needs:

clearing, equipment of the territory - 10 thousand USD;
Gas station - 90 thousand USD;
cafe - 80 thousand USD;
parking lot - 7 thousand USD;
service post - 10 thousand USD;
paperwork, obtaining a license - 3 thousand USD;
working capital, raw materials - 50 thousand USD

Timing

6 months for construction. For the construction of the facilities, the assistance of three third-party organizations will be used. Construction includes:

planning, design of the complex;
coordination with local authorities;
site planning, land works;
construction of a gas station, parking, cafe and service post;
equipment installation;
laying of communications;
landscaping of the territory;
installation of advertising signs, billboards and stands.

The construction of a gas station must be entrusted only to a contractor with relevant work experience, and a service post and a cafe can be entrusted to any construction company. Arrangement and landscaping should be dealt with by firms specializing in this.

The filling station will be equipped with underground containers (1 unit - 100 l, 3 units - 25 l). 4 columns will be installed: two-sided for LT and 3 one-sided for gasoline. The station should operate without interruption at a temperature of -40 ... + 40 degrees. Electricity is planned to be taken from a power transmission line 150 meters from the gas station.

Organizational and legal form

The enterprise will be formalized as a CJSC operating on the basis of the charter, which was developed by the founders and legalized in government bodies. It is a pool of capital formed through the issue of shares. The shares will be bearer.

Shareholders' liability is limited to the value of the shares held. The joint-stock company will be liable for its obligations with its property. The management and representation of the interests of the company is entrusted to the manager, who is a member of the board. He will be responsible for the damage caused. When shareholders sell shares, other shareholders have the advantage of buying.

The economic activity of the CJSC will be a trading company that carries out transactions for the sale and purchase of petroleum products.

Sources of financing

The founders of the CJSC during the acquisition of shares formed the authorized capital of 9 million, i.e. 90 ordinary shares were sold at a cost of 100 thousand. The registered shares contain the data of their owner, which are entered in the register. The transfer of shares is possible only within the circle of founders and predetermined persons.

The number of shareholders is limited to 50 people. The right to a registered share is transferred by means of a transfer signature and the entry of the new owner into the register.

At the time of registration of the CJSC, the full value of the shares must be paid. The authorized capital is required for:

drawing up a material base;
guaranteeing the company's obligations;
is the basis for the distribution of profits.

Benefits and risks

The project can have various risks:

Political. The government can change the course of development of the industry and toughen its position in relation to foreign investment, private entrepreneurs. Such a confluence of circumstances is unlikely, since the government is interested in maintaining a judged position, which has a beneficial effect on the country's economy.
Market. The market may experience an active rise in the cost of oil, which will reduce the solvency and demand.
Criminal. It consists in unforeseen losses due to illegal actions. Serious security measures will minimize these risks.

Economic indicators

One-time investments are equal to 350 thousand c.u. For financing, a joint-stock company will be created, which will allow attracting the required amount of funds. The return on investment will be from the net profit.

The competitive advantage of the gas station being opened is the use of modern equipment, high-quality fuel, fast service, good location, additional service.

Full capacity should be achieved within 2 quarters. After this period, the following indicators are projected:

annual sales of fuel - 14 million liters;
annual revenue - 293.5 thousand;
net profit - 17.1 thous.

The project has a high investment efficiency. Internal profitability is 121.1%. Payback will come within a year of work or 1.5 years from the date of construction.

It was decided to register the filling station as a closed joint-stock company at the location. The company falls under the category of small businesses and can take advantage of tax incentives.

Orientation

The complex will be focused on freight carriers. The goal of the marketing company is to attract the largest number of truck drivers. For this, there is a cafe with ready-made hot dishes, as well as food products that can be purchased on the road. The quick oil change point will increase the attendance of the cafe and shop. Also, customers will additionally purchase engine flushes, filters, oil. An experienced sales assistant will tell you that after changing the oil, it is better to change the fuel and air filters, as well as the salon filter, if available. All listed products, including auto chemicals, fuels and lubricants and auto cosmetics, can be picked up from the operator.

Description of services

Various services will be provided on the territory of the complex:

Gas station - sales of petroleum products;
a store at a gas station - the sale of consumables, accessories, auto parts for cars;
cafe - production and sale of limited-range dishes, drinks, confectionery:
cafe shop - sale of packaged food.

Main product types

The gas station will offer 4 types of fuel:

gasoline A-80;
diesel fuel;
gasoline A-92;
gasoline A-95.

Quality control

The entire process of refining and selling petroleum products is under the control of the oil inspection. But since 2002, voluntary certification has been introduced, and the state only monitors the safety of products. Since 2003, GOSTs have been applied exclusively in the interests of protecting the health and life of citizens, the environment, property, animals and plants. This year, government agencies underwent a reorganization, and the following year, oil inspections were eliminated. This negatively affects the quality of the oil products sold.

The management of the CJSC made a decision on voluntary certification in order to increase its competitiveness in the market. The examination takes 1.5 months. At the end of the refueling, a certificate of conformity is issued for 3 years. The quality of the poured fuel is confirmed by a special quality mark. During this period, regulatory authorities may organize inspections to verify compliance with regulations.

The checks include mandatory licensing checks, which saves you money. Passing certification is a competitive advantage and allows you to use the fact in the advertisement of the gas station. The procedure will not only enhance the brand, but also allow consumers to enjoy a quality product.

Market analysis

Before starting any business, a market analysis is required. The gas station is no exception.

Industry position

Over the past 5 years, the retail and wholesale market for petroleum products has been divided among large companies. Oil refining is controlled by oilmen, who have their own idea of capacity development.

The complete formation of the market took place only in recent years. While refining and wholesale are taken over by oil companies, 50% of retail is owned by independent traders. There are more than 22 thousand gas stations on the territory of the Russian Federation. Major competitors are Lukoil, TNK-BP, YUKOS, Sibneft, Surgutneftegaz. They control 20% of the market, and when franchise networks are taken into account, 25%. The share of domestic companies is 40%. If large companies want to expand their influence, there are no significant obstacles: the owners of 17 out of 25 refineries are the companies listed above.

They process 68% of oil. The transition of the remaining gas stations can be called temporary, since the remaining owners are completely dependent on the wholesale supplies of vertically integrated companies in the oil industry. In most regions, only 1-2 companies are suppliers. For 30 years, the margin of independent filling stations has decreased from 60% to 15%. At this time, there was a concentration of retail business. Many gas stations fell under the control of oil companies, while others swallowed up trading networks.

Pricing

The oil market can be compared to a system of market institutions that includes buyers and sellers. The sellers are refineries, intermediaries, petroleum product retailers. The main feature is tight technological connections. The Russian system is based on the scheme: production - processing - marketing. This is due to the continuous extraction of raw materials, their processing and consumption.

The second feature is the high concentration and uneven location of the oil refining industry. Almost half is located in the European part (49.9%) of the Russian Federation and the Urals (25.9%), in the Far East and Siberia, the remaining 24.2%.

Today there is no single pricing methodology. It all depends on the seller. Integration into the global energy market has introduced dependence on the “present price of refineries”. In the EU, price targets are based on over-the-counter mechanisms. The best known agency is Platts, which publishes quotes for most products and bases. The value can be used to determine the current state of the goods on hand. The present value is equal to the difference between the quotation and the costs of transportation, transshipment and discounts.

There is no such reference point in the Russian Federation. CORTES quotes are used only for trading, their use in the "price formula" is quite rare. Since oil companies always choose between the domestic market and export, Platts quotes oblige to tie the domestic market to the foreign one. Further, the price is formed taking into account the market itself: wholesale prices decrease or increase.

Consumer services

Potential consumers will be car owners. The statistics show an active growth of the vehicle fleet by 25% per year. By the end of the decade, the number of cars on Russian roads will exceed 1.5 million, which will have a positive effect on the oil product market.

Passenger cars make up 4.5% of the country's vehicle fleet, but they rarely leave the village. This does not allow them to become customers of the gas station in question. Let's analyze the car park. Most of it is made up of obsolete AVTO-VAZ. 713 thousand "kopecks" (31%) are registered. The second place belongs to foreign cars - 507 thousand (22%). Further in descending order: "Samara", "Volga", various "Muscovites", "Lada".

The second segment is trucks, since their main task is to transport cargo over long distances. Trucks should be classified according to their carrying capacity. The main part belongs to light vehicles up to 3.5 tons. Then there are heavy and super-heavy over 7.5 tons.

Motorcycles only own 0.5%, but they rarely travel on freeways. Due to the small volume of the tank, such customers may not be considered.

Buses represent 0.3% of the vehicle fleet. However, they often travel on freeways. This segment should include passenger, cargo vans.

Target segment

The huge growth in the share of passenger cars is driving up the demand for fuel. Also, fuel consumption of trucks is increasing annually.

Market analysis allows us to single out passenger cars as the main consumer. They will consume the entire range of gasoline and diesel. The second most important will be truck drivers. These vehicles are diesel powered.

The probability of a regular bus stopping at a gas station is small. The management should make an effort to get the carpool interested in the lucrative offer. This also applies to passenger vans.

Gas station managers must create conditions for attracting all categories of customers, provide daily pumping and special conditions for increasing consumers. The decision is based on the following:

the economy of the region is influenced by large industrial centers, between which industrial trucks run;
in winter, the demand for fuel falls in the passenger car segment;
industrial traffic decreases in winter, but this compensates for the increased fuel consumption.

Competitive analysis

The site was chosen at a certain distance from the nearest gas stations. Rosneft gas station is 80 km away, and Lukoil is 50 km away. The last station has an inconvenient check-in, which negatively affects the demand. She also has a bad reputation despite the low price tags. The minimum capacity is equal to the total sales of the nearest filling stations.

Marketing

Marketing is required to distinguish gas stations from competitors. The name of the gas station is "Queen of the Gas Station". The uniform of the employees will be specialized for it. Girls will ride on rollers and service cars. They should inform people about promotions, services and product quality. Buyer's rating will depend on communication with staff and product quality. Feelings of social approval will help shape a positive attitude for future collaboration.

Quality management

Quality is the main tool in conquering the market. Combined with an acceptable cost, it determines the competitiveness of the company. It is important to understand that the degree of competitiveness is related to the ratio of the highest benefit to the cost incurred. Of course, high quality comes at a cost. However, the profit will quickly recoup the costs incurred.

Additional service

Modern clients are interested not only in the main product, but also in the services of a company supplying petroleum products. The company's services increase competitiveness and increase sales, providing additional profit:

Change of oil. In developed countries, 5% of drivers change oils on their own. In the post-Soviet space, their number is much higher, which increases the demand for express oil change points. However, the economic impact of the new option remains hypothetical. The customer needs the right treatment, not the lure of a free oil change.

In practice, engine oil at gas stations is not a successfully traded product. Main reasons:

high cost;
doubts about quality;
inexperience of the seller;
close location of the car market.

An express oil change point will help change stereotypes. The cost of the option is small and is quite comparable with the benefits it brings.

The replacement lasts about 15 minutes, which the driver can spend in a cafe or shop by purchasing additional products. The car owner can become a regular customer, since a replacement is recommended every 10 thousand km. It is planned to install a pneumatic vacuum collector at the filling station, which works with all machines. The installation will help to quickly pump out the oil. It works on the basis of environmentally friendly technology, does not need a drain pit. Up to 40 cars can be serviced daily.

The main consumers of the service will be women who know little about cars. If she has a good time at the cafe during the replacement, then she will definitely be among the regular customers. A store at a gas station will allow you to compete with stationary gas stations. It attracts customers and brings additional profit. Economists point out the share of turnover in the total complex - 20%.

Advertising

Many owners are puzzled over the name of the gas station. The time for numbered names or a simple "gas station" has passed. Today, in the offices of oil companies real rush jobs, experts are thinking about increasing the efficiency of the station.

Considering a gas station will be the beginning of a new brand with a perfect image and symbolism. The brand will help position itself among the competitors of the region. The name “Queen of the gas station” was chosen, which fits into the psychological world of clients. Drivers will have the image of Nadezhda Rumyantseva and high quality service, which will arouse the favor of passing drivers.

The corporate style provides for highlighting by color scheme. The graphic design or signage immediately catches the eye. The corporate identity allows you to gain the respect of customers - a good name will be confirmed by quality goods and thoughtful service.

shelving and luminous price tags - 200,000;
decoration of the territory with flowers - 100,000;
signboard - 50,000;
balls to open - 30,000;
leaflets - 3,000;
advertising structures - 10,000;
growth figures - 20,000 monthly.

The organizational structure is aimed at establishing relationships between departments, distribution of responsibilities and rights. Each employee will have a certain degree of independence, which will reduce the burden on the manager. All orders will be communicated in writing, which will exclude conflicting assignments.

The disadvantage of the organizational structure of the gas station will be the lack of a financial manager. Financial management will be performed by an accountant and a manager. They must analyze financial activities and formulate recommendations to exclude unfavorable economic situations.

The staff will be contracted. It will allow you to support the interests of employees and achieve high results. The responsibility of employees will also be spelled out there.

It is planned to spend 300 thousand rubles on wages:

management department - 50 thousand;
financial department - 17 thousand;
sales department - 18 thousand;
service personnel - 215 thous.

The demand for the goods sold is constant, as the traffic intensity is constantly growing on the highway. The oil market is competitive, the product is standardized, which allows participants to use price takers. The price will be corrected by the market. The prices for NEA are used as averages for the region.

Some suppliers are trying to deceive the owners of the gas station. They run gasoline several times through heating elements, which increases its volume by 30%. After transportation, it turns out that the fuel tanker lacks several hundred liters.

Investment plan

A detailed calculation shows that the opening will require 3100 thousand rubles. It was mentioned earlier that the construction and purchase of equipment will require a large part.

Costing:

purchase of a plot - 500,000;
construction - 1,600,000;
fuel dispenser (6 pcs.) - 600,000;
control system - 50,000;
pressure sensor - 60,000;
refueling point - 90,000;
tanks (4 pcs.) - 500,000;
racks (10 pcs.) - 20,000;
cash register - 10,000;
counter - 30,000;
chairs (3 pcs.) - 6,000;

The total amount is 3,466,000 rubles.

Financial plan

The plan will include the following indicators:

inflation - 10%;
income tax - 20%;
VAT - 18%;
discount rate - 11%;
Payments to the social fund - 34.2%.

When calculating it, it turns out that the payback occurs in 11 months of work, and the discount payback period is 9.8 years. The break-even point is 489 thousand rubles. With a planned monthly revenue of 600 thousand, profit can be received for 7 months of work.

Stability analysis:

The gas station will require large financial investments. You can reach payback within a year. The profit in the future will cover all costs incurred and guarantee an acceptable income.