Defense industrial complex. State defense order. The structure of the military-industrial complex, purpose, specialization. Enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Russia Defense industry
Introduction ................................................. .................................................. ............... 3
1. The composition of the defense industry complex of the Russian Federation ............................................. .................................................. ...5
2. Legislative framework .............................................. .................................... 6
3. Federal executive authorities in the management of the military-industrial complex ...................................... ........................................16
3.1. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation ............................................... ........................... 17
3.2. Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation .................................. 19
3.2.1.Department of the military-industrial complex ............................. 19
3.2.2. Federal Agency for Industry ......................................... 22
3.3. Federal Space Agency ............................................... ........... 24
3.4. Federal Agency for Atomic Energy ............................................. 25
3.5. Federal agency for the supply of military, special equipment and materiel ....................................... .................................................. 28
3.6. Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation ...................... 29
4. Expert Council on the Problems of Legislative Support for the Development of the Defense Industrial Complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council ................................. .................................................. .......................... 39
Conclusion................................................. .................................................. ........ 44
Introduction.
One of the most important means of ensuring national security is its armed forces, in general, the military-industrial complex. National security - one of the main needs of the state and society - today acquires the most urgent importance for the successful implementation of its political, socio-economic, spiritual and ideological tasks. This implies the need for constant attention on the part of the state to the problems of the development of the military-industrial complex (MIC), the development and production of weapons and military equipment, the necessary level of scientific, technical and military-technical potential, ensuring Russia the role of a great power in the world. The need for such an understanding and real actions by the country's political leadership is also due to the actions of Western countries, and above all the United States, seeking to change the balance of the armed forces in their favor, both in the West and on the southern borders of Russia.
The state is obliged to deal with the development of the main directions and prospects for the development of the military-industrial complex. It is designed to determine the directions of the state defense-industrial policy, the required level of the country's military-technical potential, taking into account the emerging international situation.
It is important to take into account the historical experience of the creation and development of the defense industry, accumulated in the USSR and over the past 15 years of the existence of the Russian state. Without taking into account the positive and negative in this experience, it is impossible to determine the development strategy of the military-industrial complex. This largely determines the relevance of the chosen research topic, the need to analyze the problems of the defense industry in the state policy of modern Russia. At the same time, it is important to take into account the accumulated foreign experience in this area. Another relevant factor, along with the above, is a significant increase in the importance of information policy in armed struggle and confrontation between states, the introduction and use of a wide range of information warfare means, both open and hidden, implicit technologies. As a result, today the criteria for the protection of states from military threats turned out to be not fully consistent with modern methods, methods and forms of military confrontation. This, in turn, forces the political leadership of the leading states of the world to intensify activities to improve and develop their defense-industrial complexes, to solve their socio-economic and political problems. It should also be noted such a feature of the functioning of the military-industrial complex as the desire of a number of international terrorist organizations to use its advanced technologies, especially weapons of mass destruction, for their criminal purposes. After September 11, 2001, the tragic events with hostage-taking (in Moscow in October 2002, in Beslan in September 2004), it became finally clear that the Cold War was replaced by a war of a completely different nature - the war against international terrorism ... Therefore, the use of military force is one of the ways to counter such evil as the global spread of terrorist and extremist movements and groups.
All these objective factors determine the need for constant attention of the state to the problems of the defense industry complex, and the scientific community - to the analysis of urgent problems of the political and socio-economic development of the Russian defense-industrial complex, the search for ways to increase its efficiency.
The object of the research is the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation as an important instrument for ensuring the national security of the state.
The subject of the research is the state management system of the Russian defense-industrial complex.
1. The composition of the defense industry complex of the Russian Federation.
Today, the military-industrial complex (hereinafter referred to as the MIC) of Russia is a multifunctional research and production industry capable of developing and producing modern types and types of weapons, military and special equipment (hereinafter referred to as AME), as well as producing a variety of high-tech civilian products. It is based on strategic enterprises and strategic joint stock companies. The list of these enterprises and companies was approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 4, 2004 No. 1009 (as amended on November 19, 2007). This list contains more than 1000 items, including:
· Federal state unitary enterprises engaged in the production of products (works, services) of strategic importance for ensuring the defense capability and security of the state, protecting morals, health, rights and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation;
· Open joint stock companies, the shares of which are in federal ownership and the participation of the Russian Federation in the management of which ensures the strategic interests, the defense capability and security of the state, the protection of morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of the citizens of the Russian Federation.
The defense industry complex consists of several industries:
1. Aviation industry.
2. Rocket and space industry.
3. Industry of ammunition and special chemicals.
4. The arms industry.
5. Radio industry.
6. Communication industry.
7. Electronic industry.
8. Shipbuilding industry.
9. Cross-industry structures and enterprises.
2. Legislative framework.
The main law governing the foundations of the existence and functioning of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is the Federal Law of May 31, 1996 N 61-FZ "On Defense".
This Federal Law defines the foundations and organization of the defense of the Russian Federation, the powers of the bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, the functions of the bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, organizations and their officials, the rights and obligations of citizens of the Russian Federation in the field of defense, the forces and means involved in defense, responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of defense, as well as other norms related to defense.
Defense is understood as a system of political, economic, military, social, legal and other measures to prepare for armed defense and armed defense of the Russian Federation, the integrity and inviolability of its territory.
Defense is organized and carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, this Federal law, laws of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts.
For the purpose of defense, the military obligation of citizens of the Russian Federation and the military transport obligation of federal executive bodies, local self-government bodies and organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, as well as owners of vehicles, are established.
For defense purposes, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are being created. The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the civil defense troops (hereinafter referred to as other troops) are involved in the defense.
To carry out certain tasks in the field of defense, engineering and technical and road-building military formations are involved under federal executive bodies (hereinafter referred to as military formations), the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, federal security service bodies, the federal body for special communications and information, federal state bodies. protection, the federal body for ensuring the mobilization training of the state authorities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the bodies), as well as special formations created for wartime.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies carry out tasks in the field of defense in accordance with the Plan for the Use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The creation and existence of formations that have a military organization or weapons and military equipment, or which provide for military service not provided for by federal laws, are prohibited and prosecuted by law.
Lands, forests, waters and other natural resources provided to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies are in federal ownership.
Lands, forests, waters and other natural resources owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, in private ownership, may be withdrawn for the needs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies only in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The property of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies is federal property and is with them on the basis of economic management or operational management.
Defense organization includes:
1) forecasting and assessing military danger and military threat;
2) development of the main directions of military policy and provisions of the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;
3) legal regulation in the field of defense;
4) building, training and maintaining the necessary readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as planning their use;
5) development, production and improvement of control systems of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, weapons and military equipment, the creation of their reserves, as well as planning the use of the radio frequency spectrum;
6) planning the transfer of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and the country's economy to work in wartime conditions;
7) mobilization training for government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, transport, communications and the population of the country;
8) creation of stocks of material assets of the state and mobilization reserves;
9) planning and implementation of measures for civil and territorial defense;
10) operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation for defense purposes;
11) ensuring the protection of information constituting a state secret in the field of defense;
12) development of science in the interests of defense;
13) coordination of the activities of bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and bodies of local self-government in the field of defense;
14) financing of defense expenditures, as well as control over the spending of funds allocated for defense and the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
15) international cooperation for the purposes of collective security and joint defense;
16) other measures in the field of defense.
This law defines the powers of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of defense:
1. The President of the Russian Federation is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
2. The President of the Russian Federation:
1) determines the main directions of the military policy of the Russian Federation;
2) approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;
3) carries out the leadership of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
4) in cases of aggression or an immediate threat of aggression against the Russian Federation, the emergence of armed conflicts directed against the Russian Federation, declares general or partial mobilization, introduces martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation or in some of its localities with immediate notification of this to the Federation Council and the State Duma , gives an order to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the conduct of hostilities;
5) exercise powers in the field of ensuring the regime of martial law in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal constitutional law;
6) in accordance with federal laws, makes a decision on the involvement of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies in the performance of tasks using weapons not for their intended purpose;
7) approves the concepts and plans for the construction and development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, the Plan for the Use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Mobilization Plan of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as plans for the transfer (mobilization plans) to work in wartime conditions bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies of local self-government and the country's economy, plans for creating stocks of material assets of the state and mobilization reserves and the Federal State Program for Operational Equipment of the Territory of the Russian Federation for Defense Purposes;
8) approves federal state programs for armament and development of the defense industrial complex;
9) approves programs for nuclear and other special tests and authorizes the performance of these tests;
10) approves a unified list of military posts to be filled by senior officers in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, and the total number of military posts to be replaced by colonels (captains of the 1st rank) in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, assigns the highest military ranks, appoints military personnel to military positions for which the state provides for the military ranks of senior officers, relieves them from military posts and dismisses them from military service in the manner prescribed by federal law;
11) approve the structure, composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations up to and including unification of bodies, the staffing of the military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as the staffing of civilian personnel of bodies;
12) makes a decision on the deployment and redeployment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations from the compound and above;
13) approves general military regulations, provisions on the battle banner of a military unit, the naval flag of the Russian Federation, the procedure for military service, military councils, military commissariats, military transport duties;
14) approves the regulations on the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and federal executive bodies (bodies) authorized in the field of command and control of other troops, military formations and bodies, determines the issues of coordination of the activities of federal executive bodies and executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of defense;
15) approves the Regulations on Territorial Defense and the Civil Defense Plan;
16) approve plans for the deployment of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste on the territory of the Russian Federation;
17) negotiates and signs international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of defense, including treaties on joint defense, collective security, reduction and limitation of armed forces and armaments, on the participation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in peacekeeping and international security operations;
18) issues decrees on the conscription of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service, military training (indicating the number of conscripted citizens of the Russian Federation and their distribution among the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies), as well as on the dismissal from military service of citizens of the Russian Federation Federation, doing military service by conscription in the manner prescribed by federal law;
19) approves the maximum number of servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies for assignment to federal bodies of state power;
20) exercise other powers in the field of defense assigned to him by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and laws of the Russian Federation.
Council of the Federation:
1) considers defense expenditures established by the federal laws on the federal budget adopted by the State Duma;
2) considers federal laws in the field of defense adopted by the State Duma;
3) approves decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law and a state of emergency on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual localities, as well as on the involvement of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies using weapons to perform tasks not for their intended purpose;
4) decides on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation.
The State Duma:
1) considers defense expenditures established by federal laws on the federal budget;
2) adopts federal laws in the field of defense.
Government of the Russian Federation:
1) carries out measures to ensure defense and bears, within the limits of its powers, responsibility for the condition and maintenance of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
2) directs the activities on defense issues of the federal executive bodies subordinate to him;
3) develops and submits to the State Duma proposals on defense spending in the federal budget;
4) organizes the equipping of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies with weapons and military equipment at their orders;
5) organizes the provision of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies with material resources, energy and other resources and services on their orders;
6) organizes the development and implementation of state programs for armament and development of the defense industrial complex;
7) organizes the development and implementation of plans for the transfer (mobilization plans) of federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and the country's economy to work in wartime conditions, as well as plans for creating stocks of material assets of the state and mobilization reserves;
8) manages the mobilization training of federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies and organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, transport, communications and the population of the country;
9) exercises control over the preparation of organizations for the implementation of the state defense order for the release of products in wartime, over the implementation of the state defense order by organizations, over the creation, development and maintenance of mobilization capacities, as well as over the creation of military formations under federal executive bodies and the preparation of vehicles subject to transfer to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
10) establishes mobilization tasks for federal executive bodies;
11) makes decisions on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of state organizations of the defense industrial complex, research and development organizations and determines the procedure for their reorganization and liquidation;
12) determines the conditions for the financial and economic activities of organizations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
13) decides on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of military educational institutions of vocational education, military training faculties and military departments at educational institutions of higher professional education;
14) approves the Regulation on military departments at state educational institutions of higher professional education;
15) organizes the development of plans for the deployment on the territory of the Russian Federation of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste;
16) determines the procedure for the fulfillment of military transport duties by federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, organizations, military service and alternative civilian service, military medical examination and military training;
17) approves regulations on military registration, conscription, preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service, military training, military medical examination, as well as a list of military registration specialties;
18) establishes the number of civilian personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops and military formations;
19) determines the organization, tasks and carries out general planning of civil and territorial defense;
20) determines the procedure for the provision and use for the needs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies of lands, forests, waters and other natural resources;
21) establishes the procedure for the transfer, leasing, sale and liquidation of weapons and military equipment, defense facilities and other military property;
22) organizes control over the export of weapons and military equipment, strategic materials, technologies and dual-use products;
23) determines the procedure for spending funds allocated for defense from the federal budget, as well as sources of financing for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies involved in the performance of tasks not related to their purpose;
24) conducts international negotiations on military cooperation and concludes relevant intergovernmental agreements;
25) establishes the procedure for compensation for expenses incurred by organizations and citizens of the Russian Federation in connection with the use of their property for defense needs;
26) exercises other powers in the field of defense assigned to him by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.
3. Federal executive authorities in the management of the military-industrial complex.
The main federal governing bodies of the Russian defense industry complex:
Executive power:
1. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
2. Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.
3. Federal Space Agency.
4. Federal Agency for Atomic Energy.
5. Federal agency for the supply of military, special equipment and materiel (presumably will start functioning from 1.01.2008).
6. Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.
Legislature:
1. Expert Council on the Problems of Legislative Support of the Defense Industrial Complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
3.1. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
The President of the Russian Federation is in charge of the activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
The structure of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation includes
Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation.
Federal Service for Technical and Export Control.
Federal Service for Defense Orders.
Federal Agency for Special Construction.
The Russian Ministry of Defense is the governing body of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The main tasks of the Russian Ministry of Defense are:
1) development and implementation of state defense policy;
2) legal regulation in the field of defense;
3) legal regulation of the activities of the Armed Forces and federal executive bodies subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of Russia;
4) coordination of the activities of federal executive bodies and executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on defense issues, coordination of the activities of troops, military formations and bodies for the implementation of tasks in the field of defense, as well as coordination of the construction of troops and military formations;
5) coordination and control of the activities of the federal executive authorities subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of Russia;
6) organization of the use of the Armed Forces in accordance with federal constitutional laws, federal laws and international treaties of the Russian Federation;
7) maintaining the necessary readiness of the Armed Forces;
8) implementation of measures for the construction of the Armed Forces;
9) ensuring social protection of military personnel, civilian personnel of the Armed Forces, citizens dismissed from military service, and their family members;
10) development and implementation of state policy in the field of international military cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states and international organizations (hereinafter referred to as international military cooperation) and military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states and international organizations (hereinafter referred to as military-technical cooperation).
The Ministry of Defense of Russia is headed by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Minister), who is appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Minister is directly subordinate to the President of the Russian Federation, and on issues assigned by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation to the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation - and to the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
In the Ministry of Defense of Russia, a collegium is formed consisting of the Minister (chairman of the collegium), his first deputies and deputies, chiefs of services of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, commanders-in-chief of the branches of the Armed Forces included in it by office, as well as other officials.
The number of members of the collegium of the Ministry of Defense of Russia and its composition (except for persons included in it by office) are approved by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Minister.
The Collegium at its meetings considers the most important issues of the activities of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
The decisions of the collegium are adopted by a majority of votes of its members and are drawn up in minutes. If necessary, on the basis of the decisions of the board, orders and directives of the Minister may be issued.
In the event of disagreements between the Minister and other members of the collegium, the Minister implements his decision and reports on the disagreements that have arisen to the President of the Russian Federation. The members of the collegium have the right to report their opinion to the President of the Russian Federation.
If necessary, joint meetings of the collegiums of the Russian Ministry of Defense and other federal executive bodies are held.
Decisions made at joint meetings of the collegiums of the Russian Ministry of Defense and other federal executive bodies are drawn up in protocols and, if necessary, implemented by joint orders of the Minister and the heads of the relevant federal executive bodies.
The Russian Ministry of Defense is a state customer in the field of defense.
3.2. Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.
Within the framework of this topic, it is worth considering only some of the structural divisions of this ministry.
3.2.1. Department of the military-industrial complex.
The Department of the Defense Industry Complex (hereinafter referred to as the Department) is a structural subdivision of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Ministry).
The main tasks of the Department are:
1) development of proposals for the formation of state industrial, investment, scientific and technical, innovation, structural policy and legal regulation in the military-industrial complex (hereinafter - the defense industry complex), including in the development of aviation technology, chemical disarmament, industrial disposal of weapons and military equipment;
2) ensuring coordination of work on the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of reforming and developing the defense industry complex, including: creating integrated structures and federal state-owned enterprises, maintaining the federal information system of defense industry organizations;
3) development of proposals for the formation and implementation of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation in the field of the defense industry, organization of an assessment of the feasibility in the defense industry of a draft state armament program and proposals of state customers for a draft state defense order, in terms of armaments, military and special equipment (hereinafter - VMST) ;
4) development of proposals for creating conditions for the technical re-equipment and technological development of defense industry organizations, the preservation and development of critical technologies in order to ensure the implementation of the state armament program and the plan for the development of military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states;
5) the formation of proposals on the goals, basic principles, priority areas of the Russian Federation in the development of aviation technology, the study, development and use of airspace (hereinafter - aviation activities) and in the field of maritime activities;
6) implementation, in accordance with the established procedure, of the state foreign economic policy in the defense industry complex in the field of military-economic cooperation with foreign states, as well as in the field of goods and technologies for dual and civil purposes;
7) ensuring the coordination of military-economic cooperation with the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, organizing mutual supplies of special components and material resources for the manufacture of military products within the framework of industrial cooperation of organizations of the CIS member states;
8) organization of work on the development and implementation of state policy in the field of non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery vehicles, control over the export of goods (works, services) that can be used to create weapons of mass destruction, their delivery vehicles and other types of weapons and military technology;
9) coordination, within its competence, of the activities of the Federal Agency for Industry, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry.
The material and technical, legal, informational and other support of the Department's activities is carried out by the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry.
The department is headed by a director appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.
The Director of the Department has deputies.
The Department includes departments.
Employees of the Department are appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Director of the Department.
The Director of the Department reports to the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation and his deputies.
3.2.2. Federal Agency for Industry.
The Federal Agency for Industry performs the following main functions:
1) provides state services in the field of development and provision of industrial, scientific, technical and innovative activities, including using the latest world achievements of science and technology;
2) carries out law enforcement functions in the field of implementation of state industrial, innovation and military-technical policy, maintaining registers of organizations of the military-industrial complex, experimental aviation aerodromes, as well as other registers, registers in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
3) performs the functions of the main manager of the federal budget funds and the state customer of the state defense order, the relevant interstate and federal target programs, as well as construction projects and objects of the federal targeted investment program in the Agency's sphere of activity;
4) ensures, together with state customers, the implementation of the state armament program and the state defense order;
5) ensures, within its competence, the implementation of state policy in the field of production sharing agreements;
6) coordinates the mutual supply of special components and material resources for the manufacture of military products within the framework of industrial cooperation of organizations of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States;
7) makes decisions on the circulation of special materials and special equipment for the production of weapons, ammunition for them, military equipment, spare parts, components and devices for them, explosives and their production waste, as well as explosives, industrial powder and pyrotechnic products;
8) determines, in the prescribed manner, organizations that are developers and manufacturers of military products, participating in the implementation of foreign trade contracts for the supply of military products, and ensures the coordination of the implementation of these foreign trade contracts;
9) considers issues of granting to Russian organizations that are developers and manufacturers of military products belonging to the Agency, the right to carry out foreign trade activities in relation to military products and prepares the relevant materials in the prescribed manner;
10) exercises, on behalf of the Russian Federation, the owner's powers in relation to the rights to the corresponding results of intellectual activity of organizations subordinate to the Agency, within the limits and in the manner established by federal legislation;
11) participates in the implementation of international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of the Agency's activities;
12) ensures the implementation of measures for mobilization training, civil defense, storage of material assets of the mobilization reserve, protection of information constituting state and official secrets, organization of departmental security;
13) other main functions related to the scope of the Agency.
The Federal Agency for Industry is headed by a head appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Agency, within the limits and procedure determined by federal laws, acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, exercises the powers of the owner in relation to the federal property necessary to ensure the performance of the functions of federal bodies of state power, including those transferred to federal state unitary enterprises, federal state enterprises and state institutions subordinate to the Agency.
The structural divisions of the Agency are departments for the main directions of the Agency's activities. The departments include departments.
3.3. Federal Space Agency.
The Federal Space Agency is an authorized federal executive body that carries out the functions of ensuring the implementation of state policy and legal regulation, the provision of public services and the management of state property in the field of space activities, international cooperation in the implementation of joint projects and programs in the field of space activities, organization the rocket and space industry works on military rocket and space technology, strategic military missile technology, as well as functions for the general coordination of work carried out at the Baikonur cosmodrome.
The Federal Space Agency is managed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Federal Space Agency is headed by a leader appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The head of the Agency is personally responsible for the fulfillment of the powers assigned to the Federal Space Agency and for the implementation of state policy in the established area of activity. The structural divisions of the Federal Space Agency are directorates for the main directions of the Agency's activities. The departments include departments.
The Federal Space Agency is a legal entity, has a seal depicting the State Emblem of the Russian Federation and with its name, other seals, stamps and letterheads of the established sample, as well as accounts opened in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3.4. Federal Agency for Atomic Energy.
The Federal Atomic Energy Agency is an authorized federal executive body that carries out the functions of conducting state policy, legal regulation, providing state services and managing state property in the field of atomic energy use, development and safe operation of atomic energy, nuclear weapons complex, nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear science and technology, nuclear and radiation safety, non-proliferation of nuclear materials and technologies, as well as international cooperation in this area.
The Federal Atomic Energy Agency is the state authority for the use of atomic energy, the state competent authority for nuclear and radiation safety in the transport of nuclear materials, radioactive substances and products from them, the central state authority and the point of contact in accordance with the International Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and the national competent authority for the fulfillment of the obligations of the Russian Federation in the field of physical protection of nuclear material in the International Atomic Energy Agency and other international organizations.
The activities of the Federal Agency for Atomic Energy are managed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 28, 2004 No. 316 "On Approval of the Regulations of the Federal Atomic Energy Agency", the Agency, in particular, is entrusted with the implementation of the following functions in the management of state property and the provision of public services:
1) conducts tenders in the prescribed manner and concludes state contracts for the placement of orders for the supply of goods, the performance of work, the provision of services, for the conduct of research, development and technological work for state needs in the established field of activity, including to meet the needs Agencies;
2) exercises the powers of the owner in relation to federal property necessary to ensure the performance of the functions of the federal government body in the established field of activity, including property transferred to federal government institutions and federal state unitary enterprises subordinate to the Agency;
3) carries out an economic analysis of the activities of subordinate state unitary enterprises and approves the economic indicators of their activities, conducts inspections of financial and economic activities and the use of the property complex in subordinate organizations;
4) performs the functions of a state customer - coordinator of work on the comprehensive disposal of nuclear submarines and surface ships with nuclear power plants, as well as on reducing the radiation hazard at their locations, environmental rehabilitation of facilities associated with the temporary storage of spent nuclear fuel, solid and liquid radioactive waste;
5) performs the functions of the state customer - the coordinator of special environmental programs;
6) makes a decision on recognizing the organization as suitable to operate a nuclear installation, radiation source or storage facility and carry out, on its own or with the involvement of other organizations, activities for the location, design, construction, operation and decommissioning of a nuclear installation, radiation source or storage facility, as well as activities related to the handling of nuclear materials and radioactive substances;
7) manages the state stock of special raw materials and fissile materials, as well as federal-owned nuclear materials, with the exception of nuclear materials transferred as part of products to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, concludes, in accordance with the established procedure, contracts for the transfer of federal-owned nuclear materials for use legal entities;
8) maintains the state register of nuclear materials;
9) ensures the consolidation in the established manner of the Russian Federation of rights to intellectual property objects and other results of scientific and technical activities created at the expense of the federal budget during the implementation of state contracts concluded by the Agency, and also administers the rights assigned to the Russian Federation to the results of scientific technical activities in order to bring them to the stage of industrial application and sale of finished products;
10) conducts, in the prescribed manner, an examination of secret and top secret inventions in the established field of activity in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
11) provides information, analytical, documentary, legal and logistical support for the activities of a special commission on the import of irradiated foreign-made fuel assemblies into the territory of the Russian Federation; 12) issues assurances to supplying countries regarding the peaceful use of imported nuclear goods and technologies, their provision physical protection and onward transfer conditions;
13) performs the functions of a state customer for a state defense order, interstate and federal target programs and a federal targeted investment program in the established field of activity.
The functions of the federal body for managing the use of atomic energy are established by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated November 21, 1995 No. 170-FZ "On the Use of Atomic Energy" (as amended by Federal Laws dated February 10, 1997 No. 28-FZ; dated July 10, 2001 No. 94-FZ; dated 11.11.2003, No. 140-FZ).
3.5. Federal agency for the supply of military, special equipment and materiel.
According to Presidential Decree No. 119 of February 5, 2007 "On the Federal Agency for the Supply of Arms, Military, Special Equipment and Material", it is planned to establish a new federal executive body under the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation - the Federal Agency for the Supply of Arms, Military, Special Equipment and material resources.
The Agency will be empowered to perform the function of a state customer for placing orders, concluding, paying, monitoring and recording the execution of contracts for the state defense order for the entire range of weapons, military, special equipment and materiel, with the exception of special equipment according to the nomenclature determined by the heads of federal executive authorities that are state customers for the state defense order.
The Government of the Russian Federation has been instructed to develop and approve the statute on the Agency within three months, establish the maximum number of employees of its central office, as well as the wage fund.
The agency will carry out work in the interests of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Russian Emergencies Ministry, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, the Russian Federal Security Service, the Russian Federal Security Service, the Russian Federal Drug Control Service, and the Federal Penitentiary Service. The listed federal executive bodies will transfer the appropriate material and labor resources to the Agency in proportion to the volume of work performed.
3.6. Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation is a permanent body that organizes and coordinates the activities of federal executive bodies in the implementation of state policy on military-industrial issues, as well as military-technical support for the country's defense, law enforcement and state security.
The main tasks of the military-industrial complex are the organization and coordination of the activities of federal executive bodies on the following issues:
a) implementation of the Fundamentals of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2015 and further perspective and the Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of the military-industrial complex for the period up to 2010 and beyond; b) the development of concepts, programs and plans in the field of military-technical support of the country's defense, law enforcement and state security, the implementation of these concepts, programs and plans and control over their implementation;
c) development, production and disposal of weapons, military and special equipment;
d) mobilization preparation of the state;
e) development of the military-industrial complex, science and technology in the interests of ensuring the country's defense, law enforcement and state security;
f) implementation of export-import supplies of military and dual-use products.
5. In order to implement the tasks assigned to it, the military-industrial complex performs the following main functions:
a) considers issues related to the implementation of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation and the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of the development of the military-industrial complex, as well as the effectiveness of the use of federal budget funds to ensure the country's defense, law enforcement and state security, including those allocated for the current maintenance and equipment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
b) coordinates the activities of federal executive bodies on the formation of a state armament program, a state defense order, federal target and special programs carried out in the interests of ensuring the country's defense, law enforcement and state security, as well as ensuring export-import supplies of military and dual-use products , organizes control over their execution;
c) considers proposals of federal executive bodies on the amount of financing of expenditures for ensuring the country's defense, law enforcement and state security in the process of forming initial data for the development of draft state armament programs, programs and plans in the field of military development, as well as on projects of the federal budget, basic indicators of the state defense order, federal target programs carried out by organizations of the military-industrial complex, and the federal targeted investment program;
d) considers proposals and makes decisions on the composition of the main indicators of the state defense order for the next financial year;
e) considers and agrees on proposals on the planned amount of financing for the development, purchase, repair and disposal of weapons, military and special equipment, special programs carried out in the interests of ensuring the country's defense, law enforcement and state security, as well as on tasks solved within the budget of existing and assumed obligations, simultaneously with the consideration of the results of the fulfillment of the state defense order for the reporting year;
f) form, on the basis of proposals from state customers, and approve financing indicators for the most important research, development and technological work related to the creation of modern weapons, military and special equipment, approve schedules for the implementation of these works and monitor the implementation of these plans - schedules, makes decisions on the appointment of general designers of weapons, military and special equipment;
g) promptly makes decisions on the development and production of weapons, military and special equipment, considers proposals for the production of weapons, military and special equipment with a long technological production cycle, as well as on fundamental and exploratory research in the interests of ensuring the country's defense, law enforcement and state security ;
h) considers and approves materials on the draft state defense order before their submission to the Government of the Russian Federation;
i) considers proposals for the implementation of scientific, technical and innovation policy in the field of weapons, military and special equipment, for the preservation and development of production facilities, an experimental base, test stands, training grounds, and other facilities designed to ensure the development, testing and production of weapons , military and special equipment, high-tech civilian and dual-use products manufactured by organizations of the military-industrial complex, as well as on the reform and development of the military-industrial and nuclear weapons complexes, approves the schedule for the creation of integrated structures and federal state-owned enterprises;
j) considers proposals for the preservation and development of the production of strategic materials and electronic component base used to create modern weapons, military and special equipment and high-tech competitive civilian and dual-use products, as well as on the rational use of the scientific, technical and production potential of defense organizations industrial complex;
k) considers issues related to the formation and implementation of the mobilization plans of the Russian Federation, a consolidated plan for creating stocks of material assets of the mobilization reserve, including determining the range and volumes of accumulation of these valuables, and, based on the results of consideration, develops appropriate proposals;
l) coordinates the activities of federal executive bodies on the implementation of measures aimed at training scientific, engineering and technical and working personnel for organizations of the military-industrial complex, as well as improving their qualifications;
m) considers issues of personnel policy in relation to heads of organizations of the military-industrial complex, including with respect to candidates for election to the positions of heads of executive bodies and representatives of the Russian Federation to boards of directors (supervisory boards) and audit commissions of joint-stock companies included in the consolidated register of organizations the military-industrial complex, and in relation to candidates for participation in competitions for filling the positions of heads of strategic federal state unitary enterprises included in the consolidated register of organizations of the military-industrial complex, as well as questions about the dismissal of these leaders from office;
n) considers, in accordance with the established procedure, proposals for the appointment by the President of the Russian Federation of scholarships to employees of organizations of the military-industrial complex;
o) considers proposals for improving the regulatory framework on the development, production, supply, repair, operation, disposal, export and import of weapons, military and special equipment, as well as on the functioning of organizations of the military-industrial and nuclear weapons complexes;
p) considers proposals on improving the legal regulation of relations in the field of managing the federal property of organizations of the military-industrial complex, on preventing the bankruptcy of these organizations, as well as on amending the list of strategic enterprises and strategic joint-stock companies approved by the President of the Russian Federation, and the list of strategic enterprises and organizations approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) considers proposals for improving the quality assurance system for weapons, military and special equipment supplied under the state defense order, cataloging and standardizing these products;
r) considers proposals for improving the pricing of products supplied under the state defense order;
s) considers proposals to ensure the fulfillment of the obligations of the Russian Federation under international treaties in the field of arms reduction and limitation, conventional problems of chemical and biological weapons, on the implementation of agreements within the framework of the G8 global partnership against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;
t) considers proposals on the legal protection of the interests of the state in the process of economic and civil-legal circulation of the results of scientific research, experimental design and technological work of military, special and dual-use, obtained, inter alia, in the implementation of military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states and the fulfillment of the state defense order;
x) considers proposals on the direction of funds received from the implementation of contracts concluded when the results of scientific research, experimental design and technological work of military, special and dual-use and credited to the federal budget are included in the economic and civil legal turnover, for the preparation of projects relevant decisions in the prescribed manner;
v) considers disagreements between federal executive bodies on issues related to draft acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as on other issues within the competence of the military-industrial complex, and, based on the results of consideration, makes appropriate decisions.
The chairman of the military-industrial complex is approved by the President of the Russian Federation.
The chairman of the military-industrial complex manages the activities of the military-industrial complex and bears personal responsibility for the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to it.
The chairman of the military-industrial complex has the right to submit to the President of the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure draft decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation on issues within the competence of the military-industrial complex.
The military-industrial complex includes:
a) the chairman of the military-industrial complex;
b) as permanent members of the military-industrial complex:
First Deputy Chairman of the Military Industrial Complex - Minister of the Russian Federation;
chairman of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex - deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex;
Chief of Staff of the Military Industrial Complex - Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation;
members of the military-industrial complex who fill the positions of the federal state civil service on a service contract;
Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation;
Minister of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation;
Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation;
Director of Departments of the Apparatus of the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) as members of the military-industrial complex:
heads of federal executive bodies and organizations;
representatives of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation (as agreed);
representatives of the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (as agreed);
representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences (as agreed).
The personnel of the military-industrial complex is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The composition of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex is headed by the chairman, who replaces the position of the federal state civil service of the chairman of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex - the deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex.
The chairman of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex - the deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex is appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation at the suggestion of the Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation - the Minister of the Russian Federation on the basis of the proposal of the first deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex - the Minister of the Russian Federation.
The chairman of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex - the deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex plans and directs its activities, is responsible for analytical and expert support of the military-industrial complex, as well as for the scientific and technical substantiation of the decisions of the military-industrial complex in the field of creating weapons, military and special equipment. On behalf of the military-industrial complex, it organizes the implementation of expert work and attracts, in accordance with the established procedure, representatives of interested federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the Russian Academy of Sciences, organizations of the military-industrial complex and other organizations.
In the military-industrial complex, a section on advanced research and technologies is being formed, headed by the first deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex - the Minister of the Russian Federation.
The regulations on the Advanced Research and Technology Section and its composition are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The activities of the military-industrial complex are carried out in accordance with the plan of meetings of the military-industrial complex, approved by its chairman. If necessary, questions about the development and production of weapons, military and special equipment that require a prompt decision by the military-industrial complex are considered within the framework of meetings of the permanent members of the military-industrial complex.
Planning, preparation and holding of meetings of the military-industrial complex are carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the Regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation in terms of preparation and holding of meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Heads (general and chief designers) of organizations of the military-industrial complex, leading scientists and specialists can be invited to meetings of the military-industrial complex.
Decisions of meetings of the military-industrial complex, including within the framework of meetings of permanent members of the military-industrial complex, are made based on the results of consideration of issues by a simple majority of votes of the members of the military-industrial complex present at the meeting, and are drawn up by a protocol approved by the chairman of the military-industrial complex.
All members of the military-industrial complex have equal rights in decision-making.
The decisions of the military-industrial complex, adopted within its competence, are binding on all federal executive bodies. In order to implement the decisions of the military-industrial complex, if necessary, drafts of resolutions or orders of the Government of the Russian Federation are prepared and introduced in the prescribed manner.
The activities of the military-industrial complex are supported by the Office of the Government of the Russian Federation. For these purposes, the structure of the Government Office of the Russian Federation is formed by the military-industrial complex operating on a permanent basis, which ensures the activities of the military-industrial complex and the scientific-technical council of the military-industrial complex.
Management of the activities of the military-industrial complex apparatus is carried out by the head of the military-industrial complex apparatus - the deputy chief of the apparatus of the Government of the Russian Federation, who replaces the position of the federal state civil service on a service contract. The Chief of Staff of the Military Industrial Complex - the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation is appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation at the suggestion of the Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation - the Minister of the Russian Federation on the basis of the proposal of the First Deputy Chairman of the Military Industrial Complex - the Minister of the Russian Federation.
Chief of Staff of the Military Industrial Complex - Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation:
coordinates and supervises the work of departments of the Administration of the Government of the Russian Federation in accordance with the distribution of duties between the Deputy Chiefs of the Administration of the Government of the Russian Federation approved by the Head of the Administration of the Government of the Russian Federation - the Minister of the Russian Federation;
interacts to ensure the activities of the military-industrial complex with other departments of the Administration of the Government of the Russian Federation, in the spheres of which are the issues considered by the military-industrial complex;
organizes the preparation of the draft plan of meetings of the military-industrial complex, control over the timely submission of materials for consideration by the military-industrial complex, preparation of expert opinions on the materials received, the development of projects and the execution of protocols and decisions of the military-industrial complex, and also organizes control over their implementation.
The military-industrial complex has a seal and letterheads with the State Emblem of the Russian Federation and its name.
4. Expert Council on the Problems of Legislative Support for the Development of the Defense Industrial Complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council.
As a segment of the economy engaged in the production of military products, the military-industrial complex forms the material basis of the state's military security, accumulates advanced scientific and technological achievements, and determines the efficiency of the functioning of high-tech spheres of the country's economy.
The formation and development of the defense industry complex is based on the adopted conceptual and doctrinal guidelines, long-term programs, and the activities of enterprises and organizations are regulated by many legislative and other normative legal acts.
The most important of these guidelines are: Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of science and technology for the period up to 2010 and beyond; Military doctrine of the Russian Federation; Naval doctrine of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020; The National Security Concept of the Russian Federation; The concept of state property management and privatization in the Russian Federation; Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of the development of the military-industrial complex for the period up to 2010 and beyond; Foreign policy concept of the Russian Federation, etc.
Various federal programs have a great influence on the activities of the defense industry complex, such as: "National technological base for 2002-2006"; "Global Navigation System"; “Development of civil aviation equipment for 2002 - 2010. and for the period up to 2015 "; "Electronic Russia (2002 - 2010)"; "National technological base for 2007 - 2011"; "World Ocean" (subprograms "Creation of technologies for the development of resources and spaces of the World Ocean" and "Creation of high-tech installations, machinery and equipment for offshore oil and gas production and development of hydrocarbon deposits on the Arctic continental shelf for 2003 - 2012"); "State Armaments Program (2001 - 2010)"; (2007 - 2015 - project); Comprehensive program for equipping formations and military units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for 2006 - 2015.
The list of basic documents shows that the executive branch is making certain efforts to promote the reform and development of the military-industrial complex. But without the legislative branch of power, it is hardly possible to solve the problems in this segment of the country's economy, and there are still a lot of problems left here.
The Federation Council pays great attention to the analysis of the state of the defense industry and the development of measures to improve its functioning. In its activities to reform and develop the defense industry complex, the Federation Council approves federal laws, adopts resolutions, holds meetings of committees of the Federation Council, round tables at the St. Petersburg and Baikal economic forums, and representatives of executive authorities are heard at the meetings of the chamber. The Chairman of the Federation Council, members of the Federation Council regularly visit defense industry enterprises, meet with their leaders and developers of military and civilian products. Problematic issues of the functioning of the defense industry complex are covered in the analytical bulletins of the Analytical Department of the Staff of the Federation Council.
Under the Chairman of the Federation Council, there is a public, permanent advisory body - the Expert Council on the Problems of Legislative Support for the Development of the Defense Industrial Complex (hereinafter referred to as the Expert Council). The Chairman of the Expert Council is Sergei Mikhailovich Mironov. The Expert Council includes members of the Federation Council, scientists, heads of the largest production associations of the defense industry complex, and scientific institutions.
The Expert Council on the Problems of Legislative Support for the Defense Industrial Complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Expert Council) is a public, permanent advisory body under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
The Expert Council in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation, resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Federation Council), decisions of the Council of the Chamber, the Rules of the Federation Council, orders of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, as well as these Regulations.
The main tasks and functions of the Expert Council are:
Comprehensive expert assessment of the development trends of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, forecasting the development of this sphere in the Russian Federation and in the world;
Studying the state of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the military-industrial complex and working out a strategy for the prospects for its development;
Preparation of a concept for priority areas of legislative activity of the Federation Council in the field of the military-industrial complex;
Providing the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation with information and materials containing an expert assessment of the processes taking place in the country and in the world in the field of the military-industrial complex;
Interaction with scientific organizations, foundations, advisory and expert councils, other organizations on the issues of their activities;
Preparation of comments and proposals for the Federation Council on draft laws that have been submitted to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation that affect the activities of enterprises of the military-industrial complex;
Interaction with the Government of the Russian Federation in the implementation of measures of state support for enterprises of the military-industrial complex;
Analysis of the proposals of the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the state of development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, as well as measures for their reform;
Preparation of draft laws on behalf of the Federation Council on issues within the competence of the Expert Council.
The Expert Council consists of the Chairman of the Expert Council, two Deputy Chairmen of the Expert Council, the executive secretary of the Expert Council and members of the Expert Council, who are appointed by the order of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The Expert Council includes members of the Federation Council and, by agreement, representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, branch academies of sciences, heads of the largest production associations of the military-industrial complex, scientific institutions.
The duties of the Chairman of the Expert Council and members of the Expert Council are carried out on a voluntary basis.
To organize the work of the Expert Council in the periods between meetings, the Chairman of the Expert Council shall form 8 from among the members.
The Expert Council is created, reorganized and abolished by the order of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Meetings of the Expert Council are held as needed, but at least twice a year. The executive secretary is responsible for the organizational and technical support for the preparation and holding of meetings of the Expert Council.
The work of the Expert Council is carried out according to the plan approved by the Chairman of the Expert Council. In its activities, the Expert Council interacts with the committees and commissions of the Federation Council, the Office of the Federation Council, scientists, specialists, representatives of state authorities, the public, as well as with other councils under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on matters within its competence.
To discuss topical issues of legislative support for the development of the military-industrial complex, the Expert Council, together with the committees and commissions of the Federation Council, may hold scientific and practical conferences, symposia, seminars and other events with the invitation to them of members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma, representatives of state authorities, heads of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, entrepreneurs, scientists, representatives of public organizations, the media.
To carry out analytical and expert work carried out in accordance with the work plan of the Expert Council, third-party organizations and specialists may be involved, including on a contractual basis.
Organizational, legal, documentary, information-analytical and other support for the activities of the Expert Council is carried out by structural divisions of the Office of the Federation Council.
Conclusion
Thus, in this work, the foundations of state management of the defense-industrial complex at the federal level were considered.
О The defense-industrial complex occupies a special place and plays a significant role in the development of the economy, ensuring national security, which consists in protecting its independence, sovereignty, state and territorial integrity, in preventing military aggression against Russia and its allies, in providing conditions for a peaceful, democratic development of the state.
The state of the modern Russian defense industry in the 80-90s. XX century. characterized by a difficult financial and economic situation, to a large extent was due to first "perestroika", and then ill-considered, scientifically unjustified implementation of the so-called reforms. Defense enterprises of Russia, focused on the production of weapons and military equipment, have undergone profound deformations in recent years, associated with a sharp reduction in defense orders, and with rapid, not always justified privatization, and with a reduction in the volume and concentration of material and financial resources intended for production military products, in the absence of a stable demand for civilian products.
The main task of the functioning of the Russian defense industry complex in 2000–207. was defined as the creation and production of modern competitive weapons and military equipment, ensuring the rearmament of the Armed Forces, other troops and formations of Russia and strengthening positions in the world arms market.
In this regard, the defense industry complex is one of the priority areas in the development of the Russian economy. The system of public administration of this complex is rather complicated. However, we can conclude that it is closed mainly to the Federal executive authorities (in particular, to the Government of the Russian Federation and subordinate structures) and the President of the Russian Federation. However, without interaction with the legislative branch, the management of the military-industrial complex would be simply impossible. Therefore, along with the functions prescribed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, additional structures are being created under the legislative bodies to improve the coordination of various branches of government in this area.
Since many of the structural subdivisions of the federal governing bodies of the defense industry of the Russian Federation are quite new, and some of them are only planned to be created, the author concluded that this area has a wide space for improving the system of public administration.
List of sources.
(as amended by Federal Laws of 30.12.1999 N 223-FZ, of 30.06.2003 N 86-FZ, of 11.11.2003 N 141-FZ, of 29.06.2004 N 58-FZ, of 22.08.2004 N 122-FZ (as revised on December 29, 2004), dated 07.03.2005 N 15-FZ, dated 04.04.2005 N 31-FZ, dated 26.12.2005 N 185-FZ). http://www.mchs.gov.ru/
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 5, 2007 N 119 "On the Federal Agency for the supply of weapons, military, special equipment and materiel". http://www.inforeg.ru/
3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On approval of the list of strategic enterprises and strategic joint stock companies"
4. Regulations on the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. http://www.mil.ru/.
5. Regulations on the Department of the Defense Industrial Complex of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation. http://www.minprom.gov.ru
6. Regulations on the Federal Agency for Industry. http://www.rosprom.gov.ru/
7. Regulations on the Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation. http://vpk.rosprom.org/
8. Regulations on the Expert Council on the Problems of Legislative Support of the Defense Industrial Complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. http://www.mironov.ru/
9. Regulations on the Federal Space Agency. http://www.rg.ru/
10. Regulations on the Federal Atomic Energy Agency. http://www.minatom.ru/
11. Website of the information agency TS VPK http://ia.vpk.ru
20 December 2019, The results of the bank's work in 2019 and plans for the next year were discussed.
November 18, 2019, Defense industrial complex. State defense order To the staff of the State Machine-Building Design Bureau "Vympel" named after II Toropov The design office is 70 years old.
February 27, 2019, Defense industrial complex. State defense order
During the trip, the Deputy Prime Minister visited a number of enterprises and held a series of meetings on the diversification of shipbuilding and aircraft manufacturing, as well as on the implementation of individual investment projects.
February 13, 2019, Defense industrial complex. State defense order
The Deputy Prime Minister visited the Era Military Innovation Technopolis in Anapa, where he examined the built laboratories, talked with the operators of scientific companies and held a meeting on organizing interaction between universities and defense industry enterprises with the Russian Defense Ministry in carrying out research and development based on the Era VIT.
February 12, 2019, Defense industrial complex. State defense order To the staff of NPO High-Precision Complexes JSC February 12, 2019 marks the 10th anniversary of the establishment of JSC NPO High-Precision Complexes.
February 1, 2019, Defense industrial complex. State defense order Yuri Borisov met with scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences The issues of conducting scientific research in the interests of the country's defense and ensuring the security of the state were discussed.
January 22, 2019, Defense industrial complex. State defense order
The results of the bank's work last year and plans for the subsequent period were discussed.
December 28, 2018, Defense industrial complex. State defense order The President of Russia signed the Federal Law developed by the Government on improving procurement planning for the state defense order Federal Law of December 27, 2018 No. 571-FZ. The draft federal law was submitted to the State Duma by the order of the Government of July 7, 2018 No. 1393-r. Federal law establishes that purchases under the state defense order in terms of orders for the creation, modernization, supply, repair, maintenance and disposal of weapons, military and special equipment are not taken into account when forming, approving and maintaining procurement plans and schedules provided for by the legislation on contractual system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services for state and municipal needs.
October 13, 2018, Defense industrial complex. State defense order On submission to the State Duma of a draft law on administrative responsibility for violations of the execution of state contracts in the field of state defense orders Order of October 13, 2018 No. 2201-r. The purpose of the bill is to strengthen control over the implementation of state contracts in the field of state defense orders, increase executive discipline, and prevent violations during its implementation.
October 7, 2018, Defense industrial complex. State defense order
The Vice Prime Minister told the winners of the Leaders of Russia competition about the structure of the Russian defense industry complex, its current state, main problems and development prospects.
August 21, 2018, Defense industrial complex. State defense order
The Forum is being held for the fourth time. This year, more than 1.2 thousand Russian and foreign participants presented about 18 thousand samples of their products.
The Performance Bonus in a nutshell:
- For the first time in Russia - real and relevant picture with performance at the enterprise level, factories, factories.
- Data processed more than 5000 industrial enterprises of Russia: total revenue - more than 55% of Russia's GDP, the number of employees - more than 5.5 million people.
- In summary - TOP-1000 significant enterprises from key industries in Russia.
- Industry reviews: Metallurgy, Energy, Mechanical engineering, Oil and gas production and oil refining, Chemical industry, Instrumentation, Radio-electronic industry, Construction materials production, Food industry, Electrical industry, Woodworking industry and PPM, Light industry, etc.
- For the first time in Russia - TOP-200 enterprises of the military-industrial complex.
More details with the results of the Prize can be found in previously published materials:
- Main results: All-Russian award "Labor productivity: Industry leaders in Russia - 2015"
Data from TOP-1000 leaders in Russia, TOP-300 leaders in mechanical engineering, TOP-200 leaders in the military-industrial complex, full reviews by industry, conclusions and analytics, comments and interviews with productivity leaders will be published in the October issue almanac "Production management".
Detailed business data(in terms of sales, headcount, etc.) are provided only to members Russian Center for Productivity... Also for members of the Russian Center for Productivity - an annual project " Operating efficiency of industrial enterprises in Russia: KPIs for senior management"- an applied tool for self-assessment of enterprises and search for hidden reserves.
We are open for cooperation with all companies, willing to become a participantRussian Center for Productivity ... You can send your applications and suggestions to the address
The data of military-industrial complex enterprises are traditionally considered the most closed for an external audience, the more significant is for the first time in Russia prepared survey of labor productivity data 200 military-industrial complex enterprises - that is how many of them are in the TOP-1000 presented in the results of the Prize. The total revenue of the considered 200 enterprises of the military-industrial complex is more than 2.6 trillion rubles, the number of employees is more than 1 million people.
Bonuses for many directors of state corporations, holdings and military-industrial complex enterprises already depend on such KPIs as the growth of labor productivity. The data presented in the results of the Prize can become a practical tool for self-assessment and assessment of their performance.
Leaders in labor productivity in the military-industrial complex
1st place: Far Eastern Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Center(USC), labor productivity - 9.24 million rubles / person / year, which is more than 4.5 (!) times higher than the average productivity in the military-industrial complex(average - 2.02 million rubles / person).
2nd place: Moscow machine-building plant "Avangard"(Concern Air Defense "Almaz-Antey"), labor productivity - 8.40 million rubles / person. /year
3rd place: Baltic shipyard "Yantar"(USC), labor productivity - 8.22 million rubles / person. /year
The enterprises of the military-industrial complex are also leaders in productivity in a number of regions of Russia:
- Far Eastern shipbuilding and ship repair center - in the Primorsky Territory (labor productivity - 9.24 million rubles / person / year)
- Baltic shipyard "Yantar" - in the Kaliningrad region (labor productivity - 8.22 million rubles / person / year)
- Ulan-Uden Aviation Plant - in the Republic of Buryatia (labor productivity - 5.88 million rubles / person / year)
TOP-100: Leaders in labor productivity of the military-industrial complex of Russia
| № | Company | Productivity 2014, million rubles / person / year | Region |
| 1 | Far Eastern Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Center | 9,24 | Primorsky Krai |
| 2 | Moscow machine-building plant "Avangard" | 8,40 | Moscow |
| 3 | Baltic shipyard "Yantar" | 8,22 | Kaliningrad region |
| 4 | Kazan helicopter plant | 7,94 | Republic of Tatarstan |
| 5 | NPK "Research Institute of Long-Range Radio Communication" | 6,93 | Moscow |
| 6 | Ulan-Uden Aviation Plant | 5,88 | The Republic of Buryatia |
| 7 | NPK "Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering" | 5,63 | Moscow region |
| 8 | Klimov | 5,35 | St. Petersburg |
| 9 | Admiralty Shipyards | 4,91 | St. Petersburg |
| 10 | Kamov | 4,84 | Moscow region |
| 11 | Center for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Technology | 4,58 | St. Petersburg |
| 12 | Corporation "Irkut" | 4,38 | Irkutsk region |
| 13 | NPO Plant "Volna" | 4,28 | St. Petersburg |
| 14 | MIC "NPO Mashinostroyenia" | 4,26 | Moscow region |
| 15 | Radioavionics | 4,16 | St. Petersburg |
| 16 | Rostvertol | 4,12 | Rostov region |
| 17 | Tactical Missiles Corporation | 4,00 | Moscow region |
| 18 | Information satellite systems named after academician M.F. Reshetneva | 3,94 | Krasnoyarsk region |
| 19 | Vyborg shipyard | 3,86 | Leningrad region |
| 20 | NPP "Kant" | 3,65 | Moscow |
| 21 | Sukhoi company | 3,63 | Moscow |
| 22 | Shipyard "Severnaya Verf" | 3,57 | St. Petersburg |
| 23 | Monolith | 3,47 | Bryansk region |
| 24 | VNII "Signal" | 3,40 | Vladimir region |
| 25 | Saransk television plant | 3,39 | The Republic of Mordovia |
| 26 | United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC Group) | 3,20 | St. Petersburg |
| 27 | NPO "Moscow Radio Engineering Plant" | 3,18 | Moscow |
| 28 | NPK "Precision Instrumentation Systems" | 3,15 | Moscow |
| 29 | SP Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia | 3,15 | Moscow |
| 30 | Yaroslavl Radio Plant | 3,11 | Yaroslavskaya oblast |
| 31 | Mari Machine-Building Plant | 3,10 | Mari El Republic |
| 32 | Radio Equipment Plant | 3,06 | Sverdlovsk region |
| 33 | Arzamas Machine-Building Plant | 3,06 | Nizhny Novgorod Region |
| 34 | Uraltransmash | 3,05 | Sverdlovsk region |
| 35 | NPO "Pribor" | 2,97 | Moscow |
| 36 | Moscow Helicopter Plant. M.L. Mile | 2,93 | Moscow |
| 37 | Machine-building plant "Arsenal" | 2,90 | St. Petersburg |
| 38 | Arsenyev Aviation Company "Progress" named after N.I. Sazykin " | 2,89 | Primorsky Krai |
| 39 | Gearbox - PM (Aviation gearboxes and transmissions - Perm motors) | 2,84 | Perm Territory |
| 40 | IL (Aviation complex named after S.V. Ilyushin) | 2,83 | Moscow |
| 41 | NPO "Lianozovsky Electromechanical Plant" | 2,81 | Moscow |
| 42 | Tambov plant "October" | 2,74 | Tambov Region |
| 43 | Aircraft engine | 2,72 | Perm Territory |
| 44 | Ship repair center "Zvezdochka" | 2,67 | Arkhangelsk region |
| 45 | GOZ Obukhovsky plant | 2,67 | St. Petersburg |
| 46 | Head production and technical enterprise "Granite" | 2,64 | Moscow |
| 47 | Dux | 2,61 | Moscow |
| 48 | Omsktransmash (KBTM) | 2,59 | Omsk region |
| 49 | Equality | 2,58 | St. Petersburg |
| 50 | Screen | 2,51 | St. Petersburg |
| 51 | Kazan Electrotechnical Plant | 2,51 | Republic of Tatarstan |
| 52 | Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant named after E.S. Yalamova | 2,48 | Sverdlovsk region |
| 53 | Russian space systems | 2,46 | Moscow |
| 54 | Zelenodolsk plant them. A.M. Gorky | 2,46 | Republic of Tatarstan |
| 55 | Vyatka-Polyanskiy machine-building plant "Molot" | 2,44 | Kirov region |
| 56 | Perm Motor Plant | 2,42 | Perm Territory |
| 57 | OKB im. A.S. Yakovleva | 2,40 | Moscow |
| 58 | RTI | 2,40 | Moscow |
| 59 | Research and Production Corporation "Uralvagonzavod" | 2,39 | Sverdlovsk region |
| 60 | NPO "Radioelectronics" them. IN AND. Shimko " | 2,39 | Republic of Tatarstan |
| 61 | Corporation "Phazotron - NIIR" | 2,37 | Moscow |
| 62 | Plant them. V.A. Degtyareva | 2,30 | Vladimir region |
| 63 | PO "Northern Machine-Building Enterprise" (Sevmash) | 2,28 | Arkhangelsk region |
| 64 | Novosibirsk aircraft repair plant | 2,28 | Novosibirsk region |
| 65 | Radiophysics | 2,27 | Moscow |
| 66 | Moscow plant of electromechanisms | 2,24 | Moscow |
| 67 | Kurgan Machine-Building Plant | 2,24 | Kurgan region |
| 68 | Research Institute of Technical Glass | 2,23 | Moscow |
| 69 | Shvabe - Photo device | 2,22 | Moscow |
| 70 | Northern press | 2,20 | St. Petersburg |
| 71 | Murom plant of radio measuring instruments | 2,20 | Vladimir region |
| 72 | Ryazan Radio Plant | 2,19 | Ryazan Oblast |
| 73 | Ufa Engine-Building Production Association | 2,19 | Republic of Bashkortostan |
| 74 | State Corporation "Rostec" | 2,18 | Moscow |
| 75 | Tula Cartridge Plant | 2,18 | Tula region |
| 76 | Sredne-Nevsky shipyard | 2,17 | St. Petersburg |
| 77 | Electrical signal | 2,11 | Voronezh region |
| 78 | Corporation of Space Systems of Special Purpose "Kometa" | 2,10 | Moscow |
| 79 | Plant "Energy" | 2,09 | St. Petersburg |
| 80 | Balashikha Foundry and Mechanical Plant | 2,04 | Moscow region |
| 81 | Plant No. 9 | 2,00 | Sverdlovsk region |
| 82 | Tupolev | 1,96 | Moscow |
| 83 | Zlatoust watch factory | 1,94 | Chelyabinsk region |
| 84 | Krasnogorsk plant named after Zverev | 1,93 | Moscow region |
| 85 | Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant "Axion-Holding" | 1,87 | Udmurtia |
| 86 | NPP Zvezda | 1,84 | Moscow region |
| 87 | Oreltekmash | 1,84 | Oryol Region |
| 88 | Vanguard | 1,82 | St. Petersburg |
| 89 | Semiconductor device factory | 1,81 | Mari El Republic |
| 90 | Voronezh Joint-Stock Aircraft Building Company | 1,77 | Voronezh region |
| 91 | Nizhny Novgorod aircraft building plant "Sokol" | 1,73 | Nizhny Novgorod Region |
| 92 | Nizhny Novgorod Machine-Building Plant | 1,72 | Nizhny Novgorod Region |
| 93 | Stupino machine-building production enterprise | 1,72 | Moscow region |
| 94 | Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant "Kupol" | 1,69 | Udmurtia |
| 95 | Donskoy radio components plant | 1,65 | Tula region |
| 96 | Lytkarino optical glass plant | 1,65 | Moscow region |
| 97 | Research Institute of Measuring Instruments - Novosibirsk Plant named after Komintern | 1,61 | Novosibirsk region |
| 98 | Solnechnogorsk Mechanical Plant | 1,60 | Moscow region |
| 99 | Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Znamya" | 1,59 | Moscow |
| 100 | Motovilikha Plants | 1,59 | Perm Territory |
Methodology for the Performance Prize: the basis for the Prize was data from enterprises from their questionnaires, as well as from open sources (quarterly and annual reports). To calculate productivity, we used data on revenue and the average number of enterprises for 2014. Currency data translated into rubles at the weighted average exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for 2014.
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Top-100 defense companies in Russia - why did the Russian authorities create vertically integrated arms holdings and what came of it?
The analytical service of Realnoe Vremya is completing a cycle of research on enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex, publishing the final material for the Victory Day. After analyzing the top 100 defense companies of the Russian Federation, we learned how they survived the post-war years, the era of privatization in the 1990s and the creation of holdings in the 2000s. From our material, you will learn how the former head of Mari El saved a defense plant from bankruptcy seven times. For which the directors of Almaz-Antey were killed and fired. How the Bashkir and Kazan factories were "raided" by Moscow, falling into the hands of Denis Manturov and Sergei Chemezov. And why the arms holdings created in the "zero" are sometimes unable to exist without a state defense order, while exports, in the meantime, may suffer due to Western sanctions.
While the turnover of the "Russian defense industry" grew by 23%, 15 companies showed negative dynamics
Concluding our research on the Russian defense industry, we have compiled a rating of the 100 largest companies and corporations. The aggregate turnover of the companies included in the rating amounted to 2.1 trillion rubles in 2015. Thus, since 2014, it has grown by 23%, then it amounted to 1.7 trillion rubles. The share of the turnover of the 10 largest companies in the total turnover was 33.3% - in 2014 it was 32.5%.
The top ten giants include: JSC Concern VKO Almaz-Antey, Aviation Holding Company Sukhoi, Research and Production Corporation Irkut, Ufa Engine-Building Production Association, Production Association Northern Machine-Building Enterprise, Rostov Helicopter Production Complex JSC "Rostvertol", "Research and Production Corporation" Uralvagonzavod "named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky, Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant, United Aircraft Corporation and Kazan Helicopter Plant. The total revenue of these companies in 2015 amounted to 710 billion rubles (in 2014 - 562.4 billion).
Our rating also includes three Tatarstan companies. In addition to the already mentioned Kazan Helicopters Plant, these are “Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky "(we wrote about him in detail in our study of the shipbuilding industry of the Russian Federation) and the production association" Plant named after Sergo ".
In total, 15 companies showed negative dynamics. Among them are such key companies for the defense industries as St. Petersburg Atomproekt (-43%), Uralvagonzavod (-26%), Tupolev (-21%), Center im. Khrunichev "(-10%), Design Bureau of the Almaz-Antey concern (-9%), Moscow and Kazan helicopter plants (-4% and -9%, respectively), Sozvezdie concern (-3%), United Shipbuilding corporation "(-2%).
Let us remind you that we wrote about Atomproekt in the study of the nuclear industry. About the Center named after Khrunichev "- in About Concern" Sozvezdie "- in the study of the industry of communication systems. About the United Shipbuilding Corporation - in the research of the shipbuilding industry. It is also worth noting the curious fact of negative dynamics in the design bureau "Almaz-Antey", which exists under the largest defense company of the same name and showed, in contrast to its "satellite", one of the best results: + 86%.
13 companies became the leaders in terms of turnover growth. The most impressive growth - three times - was demonstrated by the Marine Underwater Weapons - Gidropribor concern. The turnover of the Vympel shipyard has doubled. Oboronprom United Industrial Corporation increased its revenue by 189%; Iosifyan, by 179% - from the Kalashnikov concern, by 170% - from the Tula arms factory.
"Almaz-Antey": from the nuclear shield of the USSR to the scandal with Ukraine, the sale of the S-300 to Syria and the sevenfold rescue of the plant from bankruptcy by Leonid Markelov
Nevertheless, despite such sharp leaps, they are still far from the whales of the Russian defense industry. Thus, the owner of the first place in our rating, JSC Concern East Kazakhstan region Almaz-Antey, had a turnover of 136.5 billion rubles in 2015, having increased by 86% over the year (in 2014 it was only 73.3 billion rubles). However, all this with accounts payable of 223 billion rubles. Note that the share of just one corporation in the turnover of all 100 largest defense companies was already 6.4% in 2015 - in 2014 it was only 4.23%.
In general, the turnover of Almaz-Antey is comparable to the turnover of certain defense industries. So, within the framework of one corporation 10 branches of the electronic industry would fit (its turnover, we recall, is only 37.6 billion rubles). The revenue of Almaz-Antey is almost equal to the total revenue of all companies in the communication systems industry (134.2 billion rubles) and the nuclear industry (141.7 billion rubles) and accounts for a third of the shipbuilding (470 billion rubles) and space (413.7 billion rubles). rubles) industries.
By the size of such a defense giant, one can judge the most general policy and military strategy of the Russian Federation in recent years: Almaz-Antey brings together enterprises that develop, produce and modernize anti-aircraft missile and radar equipment. Roughly speaking, the corporation is a defense shield: so that missiles of a potential adversary do not "accidentally" fall on Moscow or Kazan.
The turnover of Almaz-Antey is comparable to the turnover of certain defense industries. Photo nationaldefense.ru
Actually, engaged in the development of weapons (including nuclear) with a view to the possible destruction of the enemy, in the USSR, first of all, they created a defense complex for nuclear parity with the United States. In the event of a possible war, the main deterrent could be not so much the number and power of missiles that would hit the enemy's targets, but the ability to repel the attack of the enemy himself. However, this does not mean the likelihood of using air defense weapons for attack purposes. It is the complexes produced at the factories of the Almaz-Antey corporation that constitute a significant part of the export potential of the defense industry of the Russian Federation and now and then become a bargaining chip in foreign policy games.
So, the S-300 long-range complexes, developed in Soviet times at NPO Almaz - originally ground-based air defense, a family of anti-aircraft missile systems (SAM) designed for the defense of large industrial and administrative facilities - were supplied to Syria and Iran, which in light of the known events has caused concern of Israel. The BUK medium-range complex is supplied not only to the countries of the former USSR, but also to Syria, Egypt and Venezuela - and it was with the use of this complex that the Boeing 777 was shot down, which caused another round of tension between Ukraine and Russia. There is no need to talk about the eternal struggle of air defense-missile defense systems between Russia and NATO (USA).
The corporation itself was supposed to be formed back in the Yeltsin times, but the start of its assembly was given only in 2002, in 2004 the corporation entered the list of strategic enterprises of the Russian Federation. Initially, the corporation was created on the basis of NPO Antey and NPO Almaz. Antey itself is also a multi-component company, formed in 1983 from three enterprises - the Scientific Research Institute Electromechanical Institute, the Scientific Research Institute Strela and the Arsenal plant in Tula.
The direct base was the Research Institute of the Electromechanical Institute, created during the war years for the development and production of fire guidance systems, in the 1950s a design bureau spun off from it, which later became the second component of the corporation under the name of NPO Almaz (then such air defense systems were produced here, as S-25, S-75, S-125, S-300, S-400). It was in this that the research institutes were engaged in work on the creation of the S-300 and the Tor air defense system. By the end of the existence of the USSR, Antey consisted of nine enterprises, including the Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant Kupol (established in 1957, subsequently producing the Tor air defense missile system) and the Mariysk Machine Building Plant (established in 1939, subsequently producing the Krug ", S-300).
Kupol is one of the most successful components of the corporation, in 2009 its revenue was 3.3 billion rubles (profit 453 million), in 2015 the revenue already amounted to 6.8 billion rubles (profit - 2.6 billion). The reports of the Mariysk plant in open sources can only be found for 2012, then it amounted to 3.1 billion rubles, but the company closed the year with a loss of 91 million rubles (in 2009, the loss was 123 million rubles). It is not known whether the plant is profitable today, but the director of the MMR Boris Efremov himself made a reservation in 2014 that the head of Mari El, Leonid Markelov, “saved the plant from bankruptcy at least 7 times”! At the same time, the planned figures for the shipment of products in 2014 became known - 11.6 billion rubles.
The concern includes 60 enterprises and research institutes. Photo nationaldefense.ru
The opening of three factories for 120 billion rubles, the murder of directors and the scandalous dismissal of the "diamond head"
Antey was incorporated in 1994, having already absorbed 15 enterprises. In the 2000s, it began to turn into a vertically integrated company. In total, the concern includes 60 enterprises and research institutes. From the very beginning, the state owned the concern. Last year, the concern opened a new plant in Kirov for 20 billion rubles (13 billion - its own funds) and a new plant in Nizhny Novgorod. The exact amount of investments in the latest production is unknown, but in 2015 it was reported that 54 billion rubles would be invested in the Kirov and Novgorod plants, thus, the Novgorod plant cost Almaz-Antey 34 billion rubles. The S-500 will be produced here, first of all, under the state order. Funds in the amount of 120 billion rubles were to be spent on both plants and the creation of the North-West Regional Center in St. Petersburg, and almost 70 billion rubles will be invested in the St. Petersburg project.
By the way, earlier the leading Russian company in the development and production of air defense systems was OJSC "Defense Systems" (part of "Oboronprom" of "Chemezovsky" "Rostec"), but now "Defense Systems" owns only a part of the package of two members of the concern Almaz-Antey of the companies - Moscow Radio Engineering Plant and KB Kuntsevo. The concern was to include a piece of assets of AFK Sistema of Vladimir Yevtushenkov - RTI Sistema, but so far they formally belong to the structures of the oligarch.
In general, it is not easy to keep track of changes in the management of Almaz's assets, because its formation, it seems, has not even been completed yet. Judge for yourself, the first general director of the concern (not the chairman of the board of directors!) Was Vladislav Menshchikov (who became the head of FSB counterintelligence in 2015), who was creating the first large vertically integrated defense holding company, trying not to conflict with the then head of Rosoboronexport, Sergei Chemezov ( although he could have obtained an independent license for the concern to export military products).
When the process was completed, in 2014 the concern was headed by Chemezov himself, who ruled them until 2016, creating the Aerospace Defense Concern from the Air Defense concern on behalf of Putin (several space enterprises entered the concern in 2015).
In 2016, the concern was headed by former Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov (he was lobbied by Chemezov himself - Fradkov could then head Russian Railways).
Last year, even under Chemezov, one of the most scandalous layoffs took place: the head of the NPO Almaz lost his place, moreover, “for omissions in work and loss of trust” (the first such case in the defense industry in the entire history), in fact, for disruption state defense order. According to observers, the leadership of Almaz has delayed work on key projects: the Poliment-Redut naval anti-aircraft missile system and the Morpheus air defense system in the near zone.
In 2016, the concern was headed by Mikhail Fradkov. Photo tvc.ru
However, the murders of the heads of enterprises belonging to the concern in the 2000s seem to be more scandalous: however, it is believed that the heads of a number of defense enterprises (including the general director of the concern Igor Klimov - he was shot) had to part with their lives because of a conflict during the sale of real estate defense companies that were transferred to the concern through bankruptcy proceedings. The conflict, by the way, is with the organized criminal group.
It is not surprising that the company eventually became a victim of geopolitics: in 2014-2015, it was included in the US sanctions list, and some of its Western assets were frozen. Despite this, at the end of 2014, the concern took 11th place in the ranking of the largest defense corporations in the world. The exact numbers of the concern's export contracts are unknown, but in 2015, Almaz-Antey fulfilled the tasks by 185% with the total volume of Russian military exports at $ 14.5 billion (second place in the world).
"Sukhoi": from Stalin's anger to losses of the company's civil "wing" and sales of fighters to China, Algeria and India
In second place in terms of turnover is the Sukhoi Aviation Holding Company, which increased its revenue by 17% to 100.6 billion rubles (net profit of 2.6 billion rubles). The company was created in 1934 in the form of an OKB, which was headed by aircraft designer Pavel Sukhoi - almost 900 Su-2 aircraft already flew during the war. During and after the war, armored attack aircraft (Su-6), fighters (from the cannon Su-3 to the experimental Su-7), and, finally, jet fighters and bombers (from the Su-9 to Su-17) appeared.
In 1949, the Design Bureau was liquidated after the Su-15 plane crash, but almost immediately after Stalin's death, the Bureau was restored, giving birth to the Soviet supersonic jet aviation. The last period of the Soviet history of the OKB was the development of the 4th generation of fighters (from Su-27 to Su-33).
In the 90s, it was necessary to engage in conversion, transferring part of the production to civilian rails (only in 2001, however, the first flights of the Su-80GP cargo-passenger aircraft and the Su-37L agricultural aircraft took place). A separate enterprise, "Sukhoi Civil Aircraft", was created, but, apparently, it did not work out very successfully. 2015, the "civil wing" of "Sukhoi", despite (and, possibly, "thanks") to the creation of the aircraft "Sukhoi Superjet", closed with a loss of 23.5 billion rubles! At the same time, the net loss under IFRS has only been growing since 2008: then it amounted to $ 114.713 million, in 2015 - $ 383.242 million.
In 2016, by the way, Kamil Gainutdinov, a native of the Tatarstan airline Tulpar Air, who was responsible for business planning and marketing in it, sat in the chair of the head of the civilian Sukhoi.
In 2016, Kamil Gainutdinov, a native of the Tatarstan airline Tulpar Air, sat in the chair of the head of the "civilian" Sukhoi. Photo aviation21.ru
But back to the Sukhoi defense wing. In the study of the nuclear industry, we have already written about the ambitious and expensive project of the RSC Energia spacecraft, and so for it, the Sukhoi Design Bureau developed the Clipper - a multipurpose manned reusable spacecraft, the European Space Agency thought to invest in the project annually 100 million pounds sterling. But in the end, the project "did not take off" and was closed.
To date, JSC "Company" Sukhoi "has completed all stages of reorganization" in the form of merger of three subsidiaries - JSC "OKB Sukhoi", JSC "KnAAPO im. Yu.A. Gagarin "and JSC" NAPO im. V.P. Chkalov "and received a notification on the termination of the activities of the listed companies as independent legal entities from January 1, 2013." As a result, Sukhoi became the largest Russian aviation holding, back in 2006 it took the third place in the world in terms of production of modern fighters. In 2006, Sukhoi himself entered the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC, owned by the state in the person of the Federal Property Management Agency), founded by Putin and then Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov, and now managed by Industry and Trade Minister Denis Manturov. We will tell you about the corporation that took the 9th place in our rating further.
In 2008, Sukhoi recognized projects for the production of 4th generation Su-35BM fighters, Su-34 front-line bomber, 5th generation PAK FA fighter (not counting the Sukhoi Superjet civil short-haul airliner) as promising.
Let's go over the final figures. Su-35BM - the cost of each aircraft is 2 billion rubles, 64 pieces have already been produced. 50 units were purchased by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for over 60 billion rubles. 24 fighters will go to China (four have already departed in December 2016), the cost of the contract is about $ 2 billion.
Su-34 - the cost of "more than a billion rubles" (in 2010, the figure in dollars was called 35 million), each sold for export for 30-50 million dollars. In 2008, the first 5-year contract worth 33.6 billion rubles was signed for the supply of 32 aircraft (serial production at the Novosibirsk Aviation Plant). The second state contract was concluded in 2012 - for the supply of 92 bombers by 2020 (therefore, approximately, for 100 billion rubles). Export is still in the plans, the likely buyer is Algeria, the contract price for 12 cars is 500-600 million dollars.
And finally, the PAK FA fighter - the cost of the program for its development is 60 billion rubles (2.8 billion dollars at the 2010 exchange rate). Initially, however, they spent 30 billion rubles, but it took the same amount. Serial production is not yet available, but India is said to have intended to buy these aircraft for $ 100 million a piece.
The cost of the development program for the PAK FA fighter is 60 billion rubles. Photo militaryrussia.ru
For all supplies to the world market from 2008 to 2015, Sukhoi is in third place ($ 12.73 billion), behind two American corporations Lockheed Martin ($ 15.6 billion) and Boeing ($ 13.3 billion). ). The company periodically becomes hostage to geopolitics: in 2006, the US State Department imposed sanctions against it (and Chemezov's Rosoboronexport) for the supply of aircraft to Iran.
Irkut: from the most massive bomber of the war to shock therapy of "perestroika", export worth $ 80 billion and losses from amphibious aircraft
The third place is taken by another aircraft building enterprise - Research and Production Corporation "Irkut", whose turnover grew by 40% in 2015 to 82.7 billion rubles. Like Sukhoi, Irkut also belongs to UAC (85.4%), almost 10% is owned by Vnesheconombank (previously, 9.45% was owned by Sukhoi). The corporation is based on the Irkutsk aircraft plant, established in 1932. Its first aircraft was the I-14 monoplane fighter.
In 1941, the Moscow aircraft plant number 39 was evacuated to Irkutsk; on the basis of both plants, plant number 39 named after V.I. I.V. Stalin. During the war, the plant produced the most massive Pe-2 dive bomber (from 1941 to 1945 they produced 11247 such aircraft - the Finns called it Pekka-Emelya), the plane can be seen in the film Chronicle of a Dive Bomber. During the war, long-range bombers Il-4 and Il-6 also rolled off the assembly line. After the war - a Tu-14 torpedo bomber, an Il-28 bomber (nuclear weapon carrier), a supersonic Yak-28, An-12 and An-24 transport aircraft, a third-generation MiG-27 fighter.
In 1992, the plant was privatized, in the same year the 4th generation fighter Su-30 entered the series. However, with the beginning of perestroika, everything went downhill. As the former director of the aircraft plant recalled, the first secretary of the Irkutsk regional committee, who had arrived from a Moscow business trip, said that most of the regional committees would be closed: “Something incredible is happening in Moscow. What we have done so far, everything that we have lived with, has turned out to be fundamentally wrong and wrong. I'm shocked". In fact, Moscow withdrew itself from the management of the aviation industry as well.
The plant managed to produce a pair of Su-30s, as a "landslide reduction in the state defense order" followed, and most of the enterprises producing military products lost funding and were faced with the need to "decide their own destiny." The volume of production of the aircraft industry fell six times, the managers of the factories began to redesign the conveyors. At the same Irkutsk aircraft plant, they began to produce amphibious aircraft of the new generation Be-200, and having produced the export version of the Su-30MK, the plant managed in 1996 to conclude an "unprecedented international contract" with India, providing itself with work for years to come.
The structure of the Irkut corporation, in addition to the plant, includes two more branches and the OKB im. A.S. Yakovlev ". Photo irkut.com
In 2000, the licensed production of the Su-30 was organized in India, and export contracts with Malaysia and Algeria appeared. In 2016, they presented the "mainline aircraft of the 21st century" - MS-21 (almost $ 5 billion was invested in the development). The cost of each aircraft is 72-85 million dollars. The first contracts were signed in 2016 - for 175 aircraft (Ilyushins Finance, Aeroflot, Nordwind Airlines, etc.). In just 20 years, the company intends to sell up to 1000 aircraft. A simple calculation shows that the plant is counting on $ 80 billion.
Irkut itself continues to produce aircraft from the Sukhoi Design Bureau. The structure of the Irkut corporation, in addition to the plant, includes two more branches and OKB im. A.S. Yakovlev "- the last" Irkut "absorbed in 2006. Although officially 81.4% of OKB's current assets belong to ZAO DCC (a liquidation commission is in effect), 75.46% are managed by Irkut. In the OKB itself, after the takeover, staff was reduced (by 4.5 times), the production base was liquidated, and real estate was sold (which explains the emergence of a liquidation commission). Thus, in fact, the independent history of the legendary design bureau ended, which developed the Yak-1, Yak-3, Yak-7, Yak-9 aircraft - the basis of the USSR fighter aviation during the war years.
Despite the huge turnover, in 2015 the corporation received a loss of 2 billion rubles. The largest share in the revenue belongs to the sales of the Su-30 (42.9%), the Yak-130 light attack aircraft (17.7%), MS-21 (16.7%). The reason for the loss is unknown. Perhaps with the finish of the MS-21 program (it is presented as a competitor to the Boeing 737 and A320), since everything seems to be fine with the Su-30. The production of one Su-30 aircraft costs $ 83 million (on Indian soil) and $ 50 million in the Russian Federation. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are armed with 91 such aircraft (of various modifications). Deliveries also go to India (225 units have been delivered in total, more than 80 have been ordered), Indonesia (11 units), China (97 units) and Kazakhstan (6 units). The Su-30 is also in service with Algeria (52 units), Vietnam (29 units), etc.
It is possible that the losses were associated with the liquidation of a joint venture with Airbus (created in 2005 - liquidated in December 2016), within the framework of which the Be-200 amphibious aircraft was promoted abroad (it turned out to be “too expensive an aircraft”). Moreover, the project was frozen even before the sanctions. Let us remind you that they hit the "parent company" UAC. The failure of the Be-200 resulted in losses of $ 50 million to Irkut.
In 2016, they presented the "mainline aircraft of the 21st century" - MS-21 (almost $ 5 billion was invested in the development). Photo absoluttv.ru
UMPO: from the Soviet Renault tank and the Bashkir privatization to the "raider takeover" by Moscow and the status of the "best exporter"
The fourth largest company is Ufa Engine-Building Production Association, owned by United Engine-Building Corporation JSC, which, in turn, is owned by Oboronprom, controlled by Sergei Chemezov's Rostec. In 2015, the Ufa company increased its revenue by 38% - to 67.5 billion rubles. The company was founded in 1925 on the basis of the former Russian Renault JSC in Rybinsk (here the first Soviet tank was produced - a copy of the French Renault FT-17).
During the war years, the Ufa plant became its understudy, where the combine motors were initially produced, and a number of other motor plants were gradually evacuated here from the European part of the USSR. In the post-war years, the plant created centrifuges for uranium enrichment within the framework of the USSR atomic project.
In 1993, the enterprise was privatized, Ufa quietly took over the state-owned shareholding and transferred it to OJSC Ufa Motors Management Company. Ufa classified the software as objects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus under the laws of the Republic of Belarus itself, and Moscow believed that the object belongs to federal property and could be privatized only by the decision of the Russian government as "the largest manufacturer of aircraft engines for military aircraft." It is not surprising that in the 2000s, the PO became the subject of a struggle between the Bashkir authorities and Moscow!
In 2007, the courts sided with the Republic of Belarus, denying Rosimushchestvo in satisfying the claim. Subsequently, just at the time of the active public relations disclosure of the President of the Republic of Bashkortostan Murtaza Rakhimov, the transfer of defense assets "for a song" as a result of a complex scheme, in fact, into "private hands" was called a "scam." Bashkir officials were accused of "raider seizure", calling the name of Rail Sarbaev, the right hand and "wallet" of the Rakhimov family.
In 2008, the Republic of Belarus began to lose control over the asset, the software became a subsidiary of Oboronprom, in 2010 the state corporation gained full control over the object through an additional issue, despite the fact that no one ever put an end to the dispute in the courts. Moscow's attack on UMPO was connected with the intention to produce helicopter engines in Ufa (on behalf of Vladimir Putin) - the project was estimated at 7 billion rubles, the engines were supposed to go into series in 2014. In 2011, UMPO was appointed the head enterprise for the production of engines for military aviation.
Ufa classified the software as objects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus under the laws of the Republic of Belarus itself, and Moscow believed that the object belongs to federal property. Photo bashinform.ru
At the moment, UMPO is considered the main developer of engines for Sukhoi and Irkut. It produces engines for 4 ++ generation Su-35 / Su-35S fighters and a "promising engine" for the fifth generation T-50 fighter (PAK FA). UMPO also participates in the project of creating a PD-14 engine for the MS-21 civil aircraft and for the production of VK-2500 helicopter engines. The association also serially produces turbojet engines for aircraft of the Su-35S family (AL-41F-1S), Su-27 (AL-31F), the Su-30 family (AL-31F and AL-31FP), separate units for Ka "And" Mi ".
The main export partner of the software is the same India, whose company Hindustan Aeronauticus Limited UMPO helped to establish the production of engines for the Su-30. Contracts are concluded with China, Venezuela and Algeria. So, in 2011, the volume of exports to UMPO amounted to 14.39 billion rubles. With the then turnover of 21 billion rubles, it is clear that foreign contracts became the main source of the company's revenue. The best exporter was named UMPO by Rostec in 2014 - by the end of 2013, the volume of exports amounted to 631 million dollars. In 2015, export deliveries exceeded 60% of the company's turnover - they amounted to almost 40 billion rubles. Internal contracts - 27.8 billion rubles.
Basically, the profit in terms of exports increased from the sale of engines to China (1.5 times - up to 16.8 billion rubles), to India (by 25% - up to 19.7 billion rubles), Algerian contracts grew 23 times, amounting to revenue of 5.2 billion rubles. It is obvious that Western sanctions cannot affect UMPO's business in any way - there are no Western countries among its buyers.
We wrote in detail about the owner of the fifth place in our rating - with revenue in 2015 in the amount of 62.5 billion rubles (an increase of 21%) and a profit of 2 billion rubles - of the Severnoye Machine-Building Enterprise in Severodvinsk in a study of the shipbuilding industry. In that rating "Sevmash" took the first place. Sevmash is also controlled through the United Shipbuilding Corporation by the Minister of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov. The USC was created under Sergei Naryshkin, then from 2008 to 2011 it was headed by Igor Sechin.
The main export partner of the software is India. Photo umpo.ru
"Rostvertol": the birth of a Kazan "daughter" in the war, helicopters for Afghan and Chemezov's "partnership" with Manturov
In sixth place is another Russian aircraft manufacturer - Rostov Helicopter Production Complex, Open Joint Stock Company Rostvertol, which increased its turnover in 2015 by 54% to 56.8 billion rubles. Rostvertol is also not an orphan and is part of the defense family of Sergei Chemezov, Rostec, through the Russian Helicopters holding (73.9% of Rostvertol shares) and Oboronprom (another 21.98%).
The enterprise was created exactly two months before the outbreak of World War II in 1939, in 1944 the production of UT-2M and Po-2 (U-2) aircraft started here. The U-2 biplane was one of the most massive aircraft in the world, a total of 33 thousand of these “Stalin's falcons” were produced, it was also produced in Kazan, at the evacuated plant No. 387 (which later became the base of the Kazan Helicopter Plant). He was known as a night bomber, a reconnaissance aircraft, and a communications aircraft. Soviet pilots also flew on the U-2 in the Korean War.
After the war, the Yak-14 landing gliders and Il-40 attack aircraft left the assembly line of the plant (the latter was produced for a short time, in 1956 the production was discontinued). Finally, the Rostov plant was the first to start serial production of the Mi-1 helicopter (it was also produced by the Kazan aircraft plant №387 in 1952-1953). In the USSR, this plant also produced the Mi-6 (a heavy landing helicopter, was also used for industry), which, by the way, took part in eliminating the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, and, of course, the Mi-26.
The Mi-26 later turned out to be the largest mass-produced transport helicopter in the world. Mi-26 took part in the Afghan war, in both Chechen wars. It was during the second Chechen war that the largest disaster in the history of military aviation of the USSR and Russia occurred: the Mi-26 was shot down by militants with a missile from the Igla air defense missile system (created, alas, also by Soviet designers from KBM in Kolomna, now also included in Rostec "), 127 people were killed.
In the 1990s, the collective of the enterprise decided to privatize the company and "during a general decline in production, the trade union committee, together with the administration, were looking for ways out of the critical situation." But it cannot be said that the property of the plant passed into the hands of the collective. Thus, 20% of the shares came under the control of Sergei Nedoroslev, who created the legendary Kaskol group of companies back in 1988, which subsequently bought up stakes in RSC Energia (10%), Energomash (20%), the Sokol aircraft building plant (40%), Irkut corporation (40%). Nedoroslev himself recalled that the plant's products were then underestimated. The new Mi-8 could be bought at the plant for 2-3 million dollars, in good condition such a helicopter cost 500 thousand dollars. And abroad, similar analogues were sold for $ 15 million.
In the 1990s, 20% of the shares came under the control of Sergei Nedoroslev, who created the legendary Kaskol group of companies. Photo kremlin.ru
In the 1990s, future minister Denis Manturov (who then worked as deputy director of the Ulan-Ude aircraft plant - 8th place in our rating) shared Nedoroslev's ideas on uniting helicopter plants into a single holding. In 2001, Manturov became deputy chairman of Gosinkor, where the state-owned packages of helicopter plants were transferred. In 2002, Gosinkor, together with Rosoboronexport, created the Oboronprom Management Company. According to Forbes, Manturov's close acquaintance and friendship with Sergei Chemezov, which began in the late 1990s, helped Manturov in consolidating his helicopter assets. Rostvertol was bought by Oboronprom for $ 20 million. Not only Nedoroslev had to part with its helicopter assets, but also AFK Sistema (it lost 49% of KB Kamov). For the development of the holding, the Putin government has allocated 10 billion rubles.
The mistake with Saddam Hussein, "the needle of the state defense order" and the offense of George W. Bush
Today "Rostvertol" serially produces all the same Mi-26, Mi-24 (the first Soviet combat helicopter, unofficially called "Crocodile"), Mi-28 ("Night Hunter", Soviet attack helicopter). Let's go over the numbers again.
The cost of one Mi-28 is $ 24 million. The first foreign contract was not implemented due to the occupation of Kuwait by Iraq - the USSR was going to supply the Mi-28 to Saddam Hussein. The second potential contract with India also died without being born: it turned out that the Mi-28 was inferior to the American Apaches (the main propeller quickly overheated, the onboard electronic systems were not debugged). Finally, they were going to deliver to Algeria - 42 cars were ordered in 2014. In 2012, a contract was signed with Iraq for the supply of 15 Mi-28 (new design) aircraft worth $ 4.3 billion. More than 90 helicopters were delivered under the state defense order of the Russian Air Force. A simple calculation gives a figure of $ 3.5 billion as of 2017.
However, in May 2017, information appeared about the growth of the state defense order for the Mi-28 to 300 aircraft - this is almost $ 7.2 billion. The cost of the Mi-26 is $ 20-25 million, in 2011 it was assumed that export sales will amount to $ 5.6 billion by 2015. If we count the number of military helicopters in the countries where they were sold (plus those that have not yet been delivered, but the contracts are firm), it turns out that 50 helicopters were exported (most of them to Algeria). At least 42 helicopters were delivered under the state defense order. It turns out that the company should have raised $ 1.8 billion by 2016. This, alas, is three times less than the 5.6 billion rubles figure.
Finally, the Mi-24 is one of the most massive helicopters of the plant (it was actively used in the Afghan war and during the Chechen wars); to date, 3,500 pieces have already been produced. Until 2000, 23 helicopters were sold for export, but it is not known how many were sold after. But, given the relatively outdated model, they are unlikely to catch the imagination.
Currently, the share of Rostvertol in the world helicopter market is estimated at 2.5%, but the plant itself admits that if earlier the ratio between the machines supplied under the state defense order and for export was 50% to 50%, now it is 65 by 35%. Whether this speaks of a decrease in export earnings or an increase in the state defense order, however, it is difficult to judge.
Currently, Rostvertol's share in the global helicopter market is estimated at 2.5%. Photo rostec.ru
In 2016, due to sanctions, the plant completely replaced Ukrainian-made engines with domestic ones. In recent years, the United States itself has not imposed any sanctions on Rostvertol. But at the beginning of the Afghan war in 2002, after the attack on the World Trade Center towers, the United States took offense at the Rostov plant when it found Russian helicopters in service with Syria, Libya and Sudan, countries that the State Department believed to support terrorism. At the same time, the American troops themselves used in the Afghan war, including the "Rostvertol" Mi-26 helicopters!
Uralvagonzavod: from the legendary T-34 to the "romance with Putin", the attack of Alfa-Bank, billions of dollars in losses and the "armored holding"
The seventh largest defense company in the Russian Federation is the Scientific and Production Corporation Uralvagonzavod (also from the Chemezov family, Rostec). The plant was founded in the Stalinist 30s, and at first it worked with prisoners. In 1936, the plant started with the production of heavy railroad cars, during the war years many military plants were evacuated to it, and gradually the Ural plant freed up civilian sites for the production of military products. First of all, tanks - until the end of World War II, Uralvagonzavod produced 25.2 thousand legendary T-34s, the main tanks of the Red Army.
After the war, the plant again switched to civilian rails, but did not forget about tanks: T-54, T-55 (the first tank with anti-nuclear protection), T-62 were produced. Since 1974, the T-72 went into production - the most massive battle tank of the 2nd generation, still in service with the countries of the former USSR and the Warsaw Pact, as well as India, Iran, Iraq, and Syria.
In 2009, the plant began developing the T-14, known as the "Armata", but serial production began only this year. The cost of the tank is 250 million rubles. In 2016, the state ordered the enterprise a batch of tanks until 2020 in the amount of 2,300 units (so far they have ordered a batch of 100 units). The tank will be sent for export only after the secrecy label has been removed and only after the needs of the state defense order are satisfied. Thus, the enterprise, until 2020, provided itself with orders for "Armata" for 575 billion rubles.
In addition, the plant also produces the Soviet T-90 (Vladimir) tank, which became the best-selling tank on the world market in the 2000s. The cost of the tank at first was 70 million rubles, in 2011 it increased to 118 million (this led to the difficult financial situation of the plant), but since the end of 2011, the purchase of tanks for the RF Armed Forces was stopped. The T-90s were exported to India: in 2001 they signed a contract for $ 1 billion, in 2006 - two more for $ 3.3 billion, and so on. In total, more than $ 6 billion of contracts were concluded with India - by 2020, 2,000 T-90 tanks should be in service with the Indian army. In 2008, a $ 8 billion contract was signed with Algeria. The rest of the foreign customers were not named (this year it was reported that a contract with one of the countries of the Middle East had appeared).
Until 2020, the enterprise provided itself with orders for "Armata" for 575 billion rubles. Photo photo.rae2015.ru
The company was incorporated only in 2007, from FSUE becoming OJSC. In the same year, the plant signed a contract with Russian Railways for the supply of 40,000 railcars worth 68 billion rubles (70% of Russian Railways' needs). However, in 2009, due to the lack of orders from Russian Railways, Uralvagonzavod was on the verge of default - the debt amounted to 66 billion rubles. The Russian authorities were forced to pour 4.4 billion rubles into the plant, and by the end of 2009 to increase the authorized capital by 10 billion rubles. The corporation managed to return the debt to the government of the Russian Federation already in 2010.
Later, Uralvagonzavod began to cooperate with Transneft in the transportation of petroleum products (supply of 8.5 thousand tanks). In 2011, the plant became known for the participation of its employees in a direct line with Putin: the head of the assembly shop, Igor Kholmanskikh, suggested that Putin "go out with the men and defend his stability." On May 18, 2012, Vladimir Putin appointed the Kholmanskikhs as plenipotentiary in the Urals Federal District.
Alas, Putin's hand did not help. So, in 2009, the loss was 7 billion rubles, in 2011, on the wave of "Putin's love", the plant showed a profit of 8 billion rubles, in 2012 - 9.5 billion rubles, but in 2013 the profit fell sharply to 443 million rubles. The black streak began in 2014, when the plant showed a loss of 4.8 billion rubles, in 2015 the loss turned out to be astronomical - 10 billion rubles! The company explained this by American sanctions - the United States added Uralvagonzavod to the list in the summer of 2014.
In April 2015, more than 5 thousand employees (out of 30 thousand) were on forced leave. In May 2015, Alfa-Bank intended to go to court for bankruptcy of the enterprise - Uralvagonzavod owed the bank 6 billion rubles. But in 2016, the bank of Mikhail Fridman and Petr Aven went to the world. Obviously, the authorities of the Russian Federation did not let the defense enterprise go bankrupt - the government of the Russian Federation issued state guarantees for 7 billion rubles. And in December 2016, Putin, having a charter to pull the plant out of bankruptcy, handed over the enterprise to Rostec State Corporation.
Chemezov intends to create an "armored holding" on the basis of UVZ. While Chemezov began pouring the plant from the Rosimushchestvo pipe into Rostec, it turned out that UVZ had created a UVZ-logistics company for itself, which bought cars for itself, since Russian Railways had not bought them for two or three years in a row: “This was done for in order not to stop production ”. In May 2017, it became known that they were trying to bankrupt the plant again - this time because of the amount of 12 million rubles.
In 2011, the plant became known for the participation of Igor Kholmanskikh in a direct line with Putin. Photo gazeta.ru
UUAZ: from fighters for the Red Army and cruise missiles to attempts to withdraw assets in the "era of privatization" and the departure of workers to Kazan
The eighth place is occupied by the Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant, which increased its revenue by a third - up to 50 billion rubles. It is also part of the Russian Helicopters holding (subsidiary of Oboronprom, part of Rostec).
The plant began its activity in the late 1930s, repairing I-16 fighters and SB bombers. During the war, together with the Irkutsk aircraft plant, he produced parts for the Pe-2, then began the production of aircraft of the main strike force of the Red Army fighter aviation - single-engine La-5 and La-7.
After the war, the plant became one of the Soviet centers for the production of Kamov KB helicopters - Ka-15 and Ka-18, and since the 1960s - cruise missiles. By the mid-1970s, he had produced 250 Ka-25 ship-based anti-submarine helicopters for the USSR Navy. Since the 1970s, he started production of Mi-8 helicopters, until 1991 about 4 thousand machines were produced. At the same time, in the 1980s, MiG-27 fighters (together with the Irkutsk aircraft plant) were produced in Ulan-Ude. And in cooperation with the "Sukhoi Design Bureau" - the Su-25 attack aircraft, which were later based on the cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov".
Since the beginning of the 1990s, having stopped producing the Su-25, the plant produced the Su-39, but until now the last fighters have not gone into production (due to the lack of government orders). Helicopter production after the collapse of the USSR continued thanks to the development of the Kazan branch of the OKB im. A mile for the Mi-8AMT helicopter (based on the most widespread twin-engine Mi-8MT helicopter). Until now, various modifications and upgraded versions of the Mi-8 have been produced here.
UUAZ survived the turbulence of the 1990s, having temporarily lost the blades production shop (considered the most profitable), which came under the control of JSC VIK or the Helicopter Innovation and Industrial Company. "VIC" was created by a part of the management of the aircraft plant itself, as a result of which they approved the sale of the workshop to the outside. The workshop itself continued to work, selling products to the plant, but the proceeds were eventually left to the side. At that time, part of the plant's shares was bought out by Nedoroslev, the future Minister of Industry Denis Manturov, comrade of Sergei Chemezov, was the first - at the age of 29 - to offer the idea of a helicopter holding as a deputy director at the plant itself.
In May this year, local media reported on the difficult financial situation of the plant. Photo ato.ru
While Manturov went to work at the Moscow Helicopter Plant, workshops were divided in Ulan-Ude. In 1998, one of the leaders of "VIC", Leonid Belykh, headed the UUAZ itself. VIC did not become part of the plant, but, according to local observers, even more crushed important production sites under itself. In the middle of the 2000s, when Chemezov and Manturov were engaged in the consolidation of the helicopter assets of the Russian Federation, Oboronprom bought out 49.18% of UUAZ shares. To date, Russian Helicopters JSC owns 100% of the aircraft plant.
However, the plant went to Chemezov with Manturov at least without one key workshop. Having conceived to buy assets from OJSC VIK, Muscovites faced opposition from local managers who accused them of a “raider seizure”, so the value of VIK's assets increased from 16 million rubles to 780 million rubles. The shop was bought out with the money of the plant itself.
In May of this year, local media reported about the plant's difficult financial situation: allegedly, having abandoned the production of promising aircraft, the management "became obsessed with the aging Mi helicopters." At the same time, specialists who lose their jobs go ... to Kazan: “The Kazan aircraft plant takes engineers and skilled workers with both hands - no resume is needed if you have work experience. And we make the same helicopters. There is simply a challenge, and the family moves to Tatarstan, ”the participants in the events say.
According to the dissatisfied, Kazan Helicopters, located closer to Moscow and better lobbying for their orders, is partly to blame for the problems of UUAZ. In addition, the citizens of Kazan have “advanced in the development of new generation helicopters” (Mi-38 and Ansat). Although, due to the reduction in orders, "it is also not easy in Kazan - they have decided not to fire people yet, but to transfer them temporarily to a part-time working week."
Nevertheless, with revenues of 50 billion rubles, the company's profit in Ulan-Ude in 2015 amounted to 17 billion rubles (at KHP, the profit was 12.4 billion rubles, although in 2016 it decreased 10 times). The director of UUAZ himself, Leonid Belykh, says that by 2020 investments in the enterprise will exceed 12 billion rubles (will go to 12 investment projects), in 2015 the volume of investments amounted to 2.8 billion rubles. The plant's priorities include replacing the production of Mi-8/18 with Mi-171A2 helicopters.
Director of UUAZ Leonid Belykh (right) reports that by 2020 investments in the enterprise will exceed 12 billion rubles. Photo 03grb.ru
On the other hand, the Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant "due to the difficulty in forming a portfolio of orders" in 2016 could, according to forecasts, reduce production by 15-25% and, accordingly, reduce profits. One of the difficulties of UUAZ (which produced 75 helicopters last year) is to reduce export orders. In 2016, it was planned to produce only 53-55 vehicles (all - under the state defense order) - the production volumes really will not exceed the indicators of 2015. The Chinese contract signed in November last year (six cars) is unlikely to help either.
UAC: from Putin's start and criticism of the anti-monopoly authorities to the first profits and the injection of hundreds of billions into the "Superjet"
The United Aircraft Corporation took the ninth place in terms of revenue in our rating. Created in 2006 on behalf of Vladimir Putin, the UAC was headed by the then Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Sergei Ivanov. It includes Sukhoi, MiG Corporation (12th place in our rating), Ilyushin (56th place), Tupolev (39th place - a drop in revenue by 21%), Irkut , KAPO Gorbunova, etc. There are 20 companies in total. The idea of the merger was criticized by the then head of the FAS Igor Artemyev, who stated that "the developers of the UAC concept decided to eliminate internal competition between Russian enterprises for the sake of joint participation in the competition with foreign manufacturers."
The UAC was set a goal - in 10 years to increase the total revenue of enterprises from 2.5 billion dollars (revenue at the time of the merger in 2006) to 7-8 billion dollars. Did it work or not? Let's count. The parent company's revenue in 2015 amounted to RUB 49.3 billion, an increase of 24% since 2014. At the same time, the company closed the year with a loss of 9.4 billion rubles. This, of course, cannot be compared with the 2011 loss of 147 billion rubles, but the UAC ended 2013 and 2014 with a profit. According to the consolidated statements of UAC for 2016, the total revenue amounted to 394.6 billion rubles, revenue according to IFRS - 416.9 billion rubles (in 2015 - 346.1 billion rubles). Gross profit under IFRS in 2016 - 78.6 billion rubles. With an average weighted dollar exchange rate for 2016 of 67 rubles, UAC's revenue in 2016 amounted to only 6.2 billion dollars. On the other hand, in terms of the dollar exchange rate for 2006, the UAC turnover in 2006 was 67.9 billion rubles.
Export revenue in 2016 more than doubled to 203 billion rubles, thus, in 2015, UAC received at least 100 billion rubles from export sales. The share of exports in the total revenue in 2015 amounted to 28.9%, in 2016 - already 48.6%. In 2015, the UAC sold 156 aircraft (in 2014 - 159 units). Under the state defense order in 2015, 90 Su-30, Su-34, MiG-29 and Yak-130 aircraft were sold by the Russian Ministry of Defense. 34 aircraft were exported.
The company confirms that the main factor in the growth of turnover was export deliveries, and the revenue of the civil segment (the main product is the short-haul aircraft SSJ100) increased to 69 billion rubles. According to the company, the share of the Ministry of Defense in 2016 was 43% of revenue (47% in 2015). All figures for the state defense contract for 2016 are not available, but it can be assumed that about twice as many planes were exported. The main result was achieved, according to the UAC, due to the sale abroad of aircraft of the Su-35, Su-30 types and the supply of SSJ100 to foreign customers.
The main product of the civilian segment is the SSJ100 short-haul aircraft. Photo superjet100.info
At the same time, in 2015, 100 billion rubles were poured into the corporation for additional capitalization (which reduced the loan burden). In 2017-2019, another 400 billion rubles will be poured into the UAC, mainly for the implementation of the Superjet and MS-21 programs.
Kazan Helicopters: from deliveries of the U-2 to the front and the release of the legendary Mi-8 to the Chemezov attack in the 2000s, layoffs of people and the sale of helicopter assets abroad
And, finally, the ten largest defense companies in Russia are being closed by the Kazan Helicopter Plant, whose turnover fell by 9% in 2015 to 49 billion rubles. Despite the fact that St. Petersburg's Admiralty Shipyards' turnover, on the contrary, grew by 23% to 45.3 billion rubles, it is likely that by the end of 2016 Kazan Helicopters will fall out of the top ten: revenue in 2016 amounted to only 25 billion rubles ... Profit fell almost 100 times, from 12.3 billion to 129.8 million rubles.
It makes no sense for the people of Tatarstan to talk about the history of the Kazan Helicopters Plant, that's why it's short. It was created on the basis of the Leningrad plant No. 38, during the war years it supplied 11 thousand U-2s to the front, increasing the production volume in the year of victory by 3.5 times (up to 350 units per month). After the war, the plant smoothly switched to civilian rails, producing 9 thousand harvesters, and began production of Mi-1 helicopters. With the creation of the Mi-4, the plant began export deliveries; in the 1960s, the legendary Mi-8 began to be produced.
In the 1990s, the plant was privatized and incorporated. In 1993, they formed a joint-stock company and carried out an issue of shares, and in 1998 - an additional issue (exactly in the same year, due to the denomination, the cost of helicopter securities collapsed 1000 times). By the end of the 1990s, almost a third of Kazan Helicopters' shares belonged to the State Property Committee of the Republic of Tatarstan (another 6.3% through an offshore company), 17% - to the company's employees. The register of shareholders also included Bank Credit Suisse First Boston, Rossiyskiy Kredit, ONEXIM.
Alexander Lavrentyev gave up his share of the shares only at the end of 2006. Photo by Maxim Platonov
In 1993 the plant started the development and production of the Ansat and Aktai helicopters. As in the case of the Ufiski MPO, Kazan Helicopters also became the object of the division of the region with Moscow. In the middle of the 2000s, Manturov and Chemezov, combining the helicopter assets, made an offer to the citizens of Kazan, which they could not refuse. As a result, the authorities of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2005 exchanged their stake in the plant for 15% of Oboronprom (which oversees the helicopter holding), and the head of the plant, Alexander Lavrentyev, who by that time owned a third share, gave up his share only at the end of 2006. Today, JSC Russian Helicopters has already transferred 99.6% of the shares of the Kazan plant.
The reluctance to part with the helicopter asset was explained by the plant's export successes: by 2001, Kazan Helicopters managed to earn about $ 1 billion from export sales of almost 600 aircraft. It is significant that the Kazan shareholders explained the decision to give the plant to Chemezov's hands by a state defense order: the plant was supported by exports (90%), relations with Rosoboronexport did not develop until then - in those years, Rosoboronexport was headed by Sergei Chemezov, who therefore knew , which necessary buttons of Kazan citizens should be pressed.
At first, the promises on the state defense order were fulfilled. From 2007 to 2011, the plant's revenue grew (from 6 to 30 billion rubles). In 2011, the head of Russian Helicopters, Andrei Reus, promised to increase the state defense order by 1.5 times in 2012. Kazan Helicopters, equal to this, in 2011 invested 1.5 billion rubles in production. The volume of production of helicopters by 2012 almost reached the level of 100 machines (with the ability to produce 120 helicopters), but as a result, it adhered to this level until 2014. The peak point was 2013, when Kazan Helicopters sold 107 helicopters. In 2012, the share of the state defense order in revenue was 2%, in 2013 - 3.4%, in 2014 - already 24.7%, but in 2015 it fell to 1%. In 2015, the plant rolled back to 2005, the last year of independence - and sold only 70 helicopters (as in 2016).
The reason was not only the decrease in the state defense order (in 2014 - 13.3 billion rubles, in 2015 - only 971.5 million rubles), but also in the drop in export earnings. Market experts explained this by the full implementation of previous contracts with India for $ 2.8 billion, and with the United States (63 helicopters for the Afghan army were purchased, despite the sanctions of the US State Department). In addition, the promotion of civilian versions of Ansat had just begun by that time, and the market with Mi-8/17 helicopters was already saturated. The staff of the plant in 2015 had to be reduced by 500 people, and the head of JSC Russian Helicopters wrote a letter to Rostec about the “critical situation with the utilization of the production capacities of UAZ and the Kazan Helicopter Plant, the main nomenclature of which are Mi-8/17 helicopters. / 171 ".
In November 2016, the management of Kazan Helicopters announced their intention to change the direction from defense to civilian (apparently, to get off the "needle of the state defense order"). In the same 2016, Chemezov and Manturov made a knight's move, announcing their intention to sell the consolidated helicopter holding - they planned to sell 49% of the shares to a strategic investor. With a stake of $ 600 million, 49% would have had to shell out more than $ 1 billion. The announcement of the search for an investor was made against the background of a general drop in sales of helicopter plants by 21.8%: 212 helicopters were delivered in 2015 (less than in 2014, by 59 aircraft). The order book decreased by 9.5% to 494 helicopters worth 396.1 billion rubles. In the summer of 2016, a 25% stake was sold for $ 600 million to the Russian Direct Investment Fund. In February 2017, it became known that another 12% of the shares of Russian Helicopters were sold for $ 300 million to "Middle Eastern investors", another 13% will be offered to Indian or Chinese investment companies. Thus, Oboronprom will get rid of not 49%, but 50% of the helicopter shares.
In November 2016, the management of Kazan Helicopters announced their intention to change the direction from defense to civilian. Photo by Maxim Platonov
It is still unknown whether Chemezov and Manturov will sell other defense assets that they have consolidated for many years and turned into a vertically integrated holding. It is also unknown whether the initial desire was to consolidate defense assets in order to sell them to an investor. Moreover, as a rule, effectively functioning consolidated assets are brought to the market, and not companies showing billions of dollars in losses - why weren't Russian Helicopters sold in 2012-2013? Note also that all 10 large holdings of the Russian defense industry are controlled in one way or another by Denis Manturov and / or Sergei Chemezov, behind whom, with one hundred percent probability, one can see only the only person who would give the go-ahead for the sale of defense assets abroad or prohibit the transfer of strategic companies in the hands of foreigners. And the name of this person is Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.
| Company name | 2015 | 2014 | the change | |
| 1 | JSC "Concern VKO" Almaz-Antey " | 136.515.561 | 73.296.276 | 86% |
| 2 | Aviation holding company "Sukhoi", Moscow | 100.651.902 | 86.233.343 | 17% |
| 3 | Research and Production Corporation "Irkut", Moscow | 82.786.503 | 59.380.219 | 39% |
| 4 | Ufa Engine-Building Production Association, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan | 67.510.963 | 48.903.137 | 38% |
| 5 | Production Association "Northern Machine-Building Enterprise", Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk Region | 62.529.509 | 51.491.685 | 21% |
| 6 | Rostov Helicopter Production Complex Open Joint Stock Company "Rostvertol", Rostov-on-Don | 56.826.994 | 36.938.285 | 54% |
| 7 | Research and Production Corporation "Uralvagonzavod" named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky, Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk region | 54.850.103 | 74.127.622 | -26% |
| 8 | Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant, Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia | 50.000.000 | 38.407.958 | 30% |
| 9 | United Aircraft Corporation, Moscow | 49.289.236 | 39.902.486 | 24% |
Sergey Afanasiev
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