Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko 1853 - 1921 Buzmakova Elena Anatolyevna MKOU OOSh village Sloboda Afanasyevsky district of the Kirov region.

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"Man is created for happiness, like a bird for flight ... Man is created for happiness, only happiness is not always created for him" (V.G. Korolenko

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Zhytomyr house, where V.Korolenko spent his childhood and early adolescence, since 1972 - Museum Korolenko Family Korolenko was born on July 15 (27), 1853 in Ukraine, in Zhytomyr, in the family of a district judge. The writer's grandfather came from a Cossack family; his sister Ekaterina Korolenko is the grandmother of Academician Vernadsky. The writer's father, stern and reserved, but at the same time incorruptible and fair,

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"I love my mother very much, this feeling comes to my adoration!" V.G.Korolenko The writer's mother was Polish, and Korolenko knew the Polish language from childhood. After the death of her husband, Evelina Iosifovna showed "truly female heroism" raising children (Korolenko had two brothers and a sister) on a tiny allowance.

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Korolenko began studying at a Polish boarding school, then at the Zhytomyr gymnasium, and graduated from the Rivne real gymnasium with a silver medal. In high school, the only bright spot was the lessons of the Russian language and literature. The teacher V.V. Avdiev captivated Korolenko with articles by N.A.

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1871 - entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, but the need (during the first year of student life I had to have lunch only five times) forced me to leave my studies and earn money by coloring atlases, drawings, proofreading work. 1874 - entered the Moscow Petrovskaya Agricultural and Forestry Academy (now Timiryazevskaya).

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From an early age, Korolenko joined the revolutionary populist movement. In 1876, for participating in populist student circles, he was expelled from the academy and sent to Kronstadt under police supervision. Populism is a movement of various intelligentsia in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Populist ideology is a combination of the ideas of socialism with the idea of ​​an original path for the development of Russia.

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1877 - at the end of the term of exile, Korolenko returned to St. Petersburg and entered the Mining Institute. The beginning of Korolenko's literary activity dates back to this period. In July 1879, the first story of the writer, Episodes from the Life of a Seeker, was published in the St. Petersburg magazine Slovo.

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Korolenko at a court hearing In the spring of 1879, on suspicion of revolutionary activities, Korolenko was again expelled from the institute and exiled to Glazov, Vyatka province. On June 3, 1879, together with his brother Illarion, the writer, accompanied by gendarmes, was taken to this district town. The writer remained in Glazov until October, when, as a result of two complaints from Korolenko against the actions of the Vyatka administration, his punishment was tightened. On October 25, 1879, Korolenko was sent to Biserovskaya volost with the appointment of a residence in

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“We are going to the Vyatka province. Don't cry and don't be alarmed, mother. As you can see, this is still Europe, and not so far away. " From a letter from Korolenko May 18, Kostroma. Berezovskie repairs - “This is not a village, not even a village,” wrote Korolenko, “these are just a few courtyards scattered at a distance of 15 - 20 versts, among the forest and swampy terrain ... And indeed, later I had a chance to travel a lot of the Russian world. I have also been to distant Siberia, but I have never seen such a wilderness. " Place of exile Korolenk V. G. Korolenko, "The history of my contemporary".

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"... Going out onto the porch on the platform of Gavrina's hut, I saw snow, copses and distant forests." (VG Korolenko "The history of my contemporary") Repair of Vasily Filenok. Drawing by V.G. Korolenko

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So, here is my new abode for you, the hut of Grigory Filippov Biserov. The dark hole on the left side represents the door to the so-called "cabbage roll" that replaces the cellar. Sometimes this door is locked. Two beams above the stuffed cabbage - the so-called "ridges". They dry firewood, splinters, etc. From the stuffed cabbage to the right, in the whole hut there is a "beam" supporting the flooring of the "beds". On this bar, everyone entering the hut puts "zipun", "shabur", in general, any "lop" (clothing). The bed, together with the planking over the "stuffed cabbage" and with the stove, represent the bedroom. There are plenty of places, as you can see (the stoves are huge here). Above the floors - the end. It serves in the cottage of Georgy Biserov's House Drawing January 29, 1880 [Berezovskie Pochinki]. V. G. Korolenko

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Soon, for unauthorized absence in Afanasyevskoe (Korolenko worked as a shoemaker and needed raw materials for work), the writer was sent to the Vyatka prison, then to Moscow, and then to the Vyshnevolotsk transit prison. Here, in a common prison cell, he wrote the story "Wonderful", which shows the moral strength of a dying revolutionary (the manuscript was distributed in copies; without the author's knowledge, the story was published in 1893 in London; in Russia - only in

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In August 1881 Korolenko was exiled to Eastern Siberia for refusing to sign a special oath of "allegiance" to Tsar Alexander III. For three years he lived in the Amga settlement, 275 miles from Yakutsk. He was engaged in peasant labor, sewed boots, studied the life of "people of a harsh land." In exile, despite extremely unfavorable conditions, for the first time his artistic talent was really shown. Siberia made a tremendous impression on Korolenko and provided material for his best essays: "Makar's Dream", "Notes of a Siberian Tourist", "Sokolinets", "In the Department under Investigation", "Killer", "Sovereign Coachmen".

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V.G. Korolenko. Nizhny Novgorod, 1890s. In 1885, Korolenko was allowed to settle in Nizhny Novgorod. This is the period of the most fruitful work of Korolenko. In the life of the writer there is little romantic, but a lot of helplessness, grief and ignorance - and this was reflected in the stories of Korolenko: "At the solar eclipse", "Behind the icon", "The river plays", in "Pavlovsky sketches" and especially in the essays that made up the whole book "In a hungry year".

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Korolenko's real triumph was the release of his best works: "In a Bad Society" (1885) and "The Blind Musician" (1886). In these stories, the author raises the problem of the relationship between man and society. Memories of his childhood spent in the works of Ukraine served as the material for the writer. ... Through all Korolenko - big and small ... there is a belief in man, belief in immortality, invincible and conquering nobility. The house where V. G. Korolenko lived of his nature and mind. and where the stories of A.

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In 1895-1900 Korolenko lived in St. Petersburg. He edits the magazine "Russian wealth". During this period, the remarkable short stories "Marusina Zaimka" (1899), "Moment"

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In 1900, the writer settled in Poltava, where he lived until his death. The house in which Korolenko lived in Poltava is now a Korolenko museum with his family

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In the last years of his life (1906-1921) Korolenko worked on a large autobiographical novel, The Story of My Contemporary, which was supposed to summarize everything that he went through and systematize the writer's philosophical views. The novel remained unfinished. The writer died while working on the fourth volume of his work. Beginning of publication of the second volume of "The history of my contemporary" in the magazine "Russian wealth", 1910, January

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Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko died on December 25, 1921. The critic A. Gornfeld, who worked with Korolenko for many years, wrote: “There is hardly any controversy about Korolenko's best work ... His best work is himself, his life, his being. The best - not because it is moral, attractive, instructive, but because the very grave of Korolenko is in Poltave-artistic ”.

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VG Korolenko's literary pseudonyms  Archivist;  K-ko, Vl .;  N.О .;  V .;  Cor., V .;   Cor., Vl .; Uninvited, Andrey;  V.K .;  Non-statistician;  Vl. TO.;  Cor-o;  Hm-hm;  Cor-o, Vl .;  Journalist;  King., Vl .;  Spectator;   Zyryanov, Parfyon; Korsky, V.N .;  King, Vl .; I.S .;  Chronicler;  K.;   K-enko, V .; Small man;  N.A .;    Provincial Observer;  Innocent reader;  Nizhny Novgorod;  Passer-by; Nizhny Novgorod  employee of  Volzhsky  Vestnik; Old reader;  O.B.A. (with N.F.Annens kim); Poltavets; Old-timer; Tentetnikov; Passenger;

The presentation "Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko. Life and Work" was made by a student of the 5th (philological) grade Sirotkina Ekaterina. The material can be used in the first lesson dedicated to getting to know the writer and his work.

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"Presentation" Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko. Life and work ""

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko (1853-1921)

Childhood of the writer

• Born July 27, 1853 in Zhitomir in the family of an official of the judicial department. Korolenko spent his childhood and youth in Zhitomir and Rivne.

Arrival to St. Petersburg

• After graduating from a real gymnasium with a silver medal, in 1871 he came to St. Petersburg and entered the Technological Institute. However, soon, due to a lack of funds, he was forced to leave his studies and for the sake of earning money began to paint botanical atlases, performed drawing works, and was engaged in proofreading.

Education

• In January 1873 he moved to Moscow and entered the forestry department of the Petrovskaya Academy. In March 1876, he was expelled, arrested and expelled from Moscow for participating in student riots. From then until the February Revolution of 1917, the writer's life consisted of a series of arrests and exile.

Revolutionary views

• Vladimir Korolenko shared revolutionary views from his youth. Two years after admission, for active work in the populist movement, he was expelled from the academy and exiled to Kronstadt. There he was under the supervision of the authorities, earning money by making drawings.

Six years of testing

• When the exile ended, the young man was able to return to St. Petersburg and again take up his education, but not for long. The next six years passed for him in exile, arrest and relocation. The hardships and deprivations of a forced existence not only did not break, but also tempered his spirit.

The family of V.G. Korolenko

• January 1886 was marked for Vladimir Korolenko by his marriage to Evdokia Ivanovskaya. They had known each other long before the wedding and became a happy married couple. For the writer, this marriage was the only one.

Creation

• A writer of a bright and great democratic talent, he went down in the history of Russian literature as the author of numerous novellas, short stories, artistic essays, as well as as a critic and publicist. Perhaps the most famous works of Korolenko are the stories "In a Bad Society" (1885), "The Blind Musician" (1886), "The River Plays" (1892).

First literary steps

• After settling in Nizhny Novgorod with the permission of the government, Vladimir Korolenko set to work as a writer. The time from 1885 to 1895 is considered the most fruitful in the career of a writer. Here his talent was fully revealed, provoking interest from the reading public throughout Russia.

Literary triumph

• The books “Dream of Makar”, “The Blind Musician”, and “In a Bad Society” that came out after the first collections showed a deep knowledge of human psychology and a philosophical approach applied by the writer when working on his works. They caused a real delight among the readers.

Korolenko about happiness

• Vladimir Korolenko insisted that happiness, fullness and harmony of life are available only through overcoming one's own selfishness, as well as by serving the people.

What did Korolenko write about?

• The main thing in the life and work of a humanist writer is respect for a person, the struggle for him. Depicting representatives of the people, the author revealed the theme of personality. The heroes of his works are ordinary Russian people, truth-seekers who do not fit into the general way of life. Many of them try to answer the question: "What, in essence, was man created for?"

Moments of creativity

• In his works, the writer teaches not to be afraid of life, to accept it as it is, and not to bow his head in front of difficulties. A person must fight, seek his own happiness, even if the last hope collapses. The writer wanted to see such people, for he believed that such people are the might and strength of Russia, her hope and support and, of course, her light.

last years of life

• The last two or three years before Korolenko's death, Poltava, like many other southern cities, experienced difficult revolutionary days. The authorities accused the confused inhabitants of treason and other crimes, sentenced them to various punishments, up to execution. Everyone was intimidated, everyone was shaking. Korolenko walked around, asked, persuaded who should be figured out, wait - not to be executed.

Grief in the Korolenko family

• At this time, grief befell the Korolenko family: they arrested the husband of his daughter, Lyakhovich, who, having fallen ill with typhus in prison, dies. The death of his son-in-law had an effect on the writer: from everything he had experienced, his nerves could not stand, with V.G. Korolenko suffered a blow, after which his health quickly went to destruction.

People have always needed him ...

• In recent months, when he lost his voice and hearing, when only his thought worked, people especially needed him. They wrote their questions, and he answered them in writing, gave advice and consolation. And so on until the last day, until December 25, 1921, when he was gone.

Poltava saw off his beloved writer ...

• On the day of the funeral, Poltava stopped all business. The streets along which the sad procession was moving were filled with people. The whole city knew him, especially during the years of disasters, knew how he shared the last piece, and to help the poor - already sick, weak, he took up his old trade - he repaired shoes.

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Presentation on the topic: V. G. Korolenko

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Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko (July 15 (27), 1853, Zhitomir - December 25, 1921, Poltava) - Russian writer of Ukrainian origin, journalist, publicist, public figure who has earned recognition for his human rights activities both during the tsarist regime and during the civil war and the Soviet authorities. For his critical views, Korolenko was repressed by the tsarist government. A significant part of the writer's literary works are inspired by the impressions of his childhood in Ukraine and exile to Siberia.

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Childhood and adolescence Korolenko was born in Zhitomir, Ukraine, in the family of a district judge. The writer's father came from a Cossack family. Severe and withdrawn, but at the same time incorruptible and fair Galaktion Afanasyevich Korolenko (1810-1868) had a tremendous influence on the formation of his son's worldview. Subsequently, the image of his father was captured by the writer in his famous story "In a Bad Society". Korolenko began to study at the Zhytomyr gymnasium, and after the death of his father he completed his secondary education at the Rivne gymnasium. In 1871 he entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, but due to material difficulties he was forced to leave it and go in 1874 on a scholarship to the Petrovskaya Agricultural Academy in Moscow.

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The image of the people in the works of V.G. Korolenko All of Korolenko's works raise the most difficult questions of a person's happiness, the meaning of his life and tell about all the trials that fall to his lot. Readers in early childhood get acquainted with the story of Korolenko "Children of the Underground". This very short, but emotionally rich narration poses the most difficult questions of mutual assistance, compassion, and a sincere desire to help another. The common people are presented in the story in the form of a beggar, a ragged vagabond, a boy and a tiny girl. Tramps are separated from respectable citizens by a huge abyss, they are powerless and defenseless. None of the prosperous citizens who were treated kindly by life did not deign to lend a helping hand to them. Nobody, except the child, the son of the judge. It would seem that there can be nothing in common between the son of a judge and the beggars. But a child's soul turns out to be much cleaner, nobler and kinder than the hardened souls of adults.

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“Wonderful” A sad story about the short life and unhappy fate of an unknown girl is described in the story “Wonderful”. All her fault was that she wanted to devote her life to the struggle for the happiness of the people, for which she ended up in hard labor. Her image evokes sympathy and sympathy. The girl becomes humanly sorry, but at the same time comes the realization that in her short life she has done much more than many others who have worried all their lives only about their personal comfort. The "political exile" is not afraid of anything, although she is completely defenseless in the face of the hostile world around her. But she is ready to fight to the last drop of blood. She is proud, proud, stubborn. But at the same time, she is quite a child, divorced from the usual life, deprived of simple human happiness. The girl dies, leaving a long memory of herself, despite the fact that her life was very short.

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"Children of the Underground" The image of the common people in the story "Children of the Underground" evokes compassion and sadness. The fate of the poor girl, who was "robbed" of her vitality by a gray stone, cannot leave you indifferent. And there is a hope that the boy, the judge's son, will forever preserve in his heart love and compassion for his neighbor, regardless of the social belonging of the person in need of his help.

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"Paradox" The image of the people is vividly drawn by the writer in his essay "Paradox". How bizarre and incomprehensible human destiny sometimes develops! She endows someone with royal favors, and deprives someone of everything. Boys encounter a man who, from birth, does not have both hands. His fate can in no way be called happy, this is understandable. But children are surprised to notice how strong the thirst for life is in the cripple, with what persistence he takes any action that can make his life easier, bring money for him and for his loved ones. The strength of the spirit of this person cannot but make the children think. It is not by chance that the author shows the meeting of children with a person of such a difficult fate. Children's perception is different from that of an adult. Only children are able to feel this strange, contradictory and often very unfair world especially acutely. As a person grows up, he loses this amazing feature. The image of a handless person, confined to a wheelchair, is closely related to the images of ordinary people, with their fortitude, manifested even in the most difficult situations.

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Revolutionary activity and exile From an early age Korolenko joined the revolutionary populist movement. In 1876, for participating in populist student circles, he was expelled from the academy and sent to Kronstadt under police supervision. In Kronstadt, the young man had to earn his living by his own labor. He was engaged in tutoring, was a proofreader in a printing house, tried a number of blue-collar jobs. At the end of his term of exile, Korolenko returned to St. Petersburg and in 1877 entered the Mining Institute. The beginning of Korolenko's literary activity dates back to this period. At the beginning of 1879, the first story of the writer, "From the Life of the Seeker", was published in the St. Petersburg magazine "Slovo". But in the spring of 1879, on suspicion of revolutionary activity, Korolenko was again expelled from the institute and exiled to Glazov, Vyatka province. After refusing to sign a repentant loyal petition to the new Tsar Alexander III in 1881, Korolenko was transferred to exile in Siberia (he was serving his last term of exile in Yakutia in the Amginskaya Sloboda). However, the harsh living conditions did not break the will of the writer. The difficult six years of exile became a time for the formation of a mature writer and provided rich material for his future works.

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Literary career Korolenko's real triumph was the release in 1886-1887 of his best works - "In a Bad Society" (1885) and "The Blind Musician" (1886). In these stories, Korolenko, with a deep knowledge of human psychology, philosophically approaches the solution of the problem of the relationship between man and society. The material for the writer was memories of his childhood spent in Ukraine, enriched with the philosophical and social conclusions of a mature master who had gone through difficult years of exile and repression. According to the writer, the completeness and harmony of life, happiness can be felt only by overcoming one's own selfishness, by taking the path of serving the people.

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Publicism and social activities Korolenko's popularity was enormous, and the tsarist government was forced to reckon with his publicistic speeches. The writer drew public attention to the most pressing topical issues of our time. He exposed the famine of 1891-1892 (cycle of essays "In the Hungry Year"), denounced the tsarist punishers who cruelly dealt with the Ukrainian peasants fighting for their rights (Sorochinskaya tragedy, 1906), the reactionary policy of the tsarist government after the suppression of the 1905 revolution ( "Everyday phenomenon", 1910). In 1911-1913, Korolenko actively opposed the reactionaries and chauvinists who fanned the falsified "Beilis case"; he published more than ten articles in which he exposed the lies and falsifications of the Black Hundreds. This activity characterizes Korolenko as one of the outstanding humanists of his time. He was married to Evdokia Semyonovna Ivanovskaya. Two children: Natalia and Sophia

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House-Museum "Korolenko's Dacha" is located in the village of Dzhanhot, 20 kilometers southeast of Gelendzhik. The main building was built in 1902 according to the writer's drawings, and the utility rooms and buildings were being completed over the course of several years. The writer lived in this residence in 1904, 1908, 1912 and 1915. In Nizhny Novgorod, on the basis of school number 14, there is a museum, which contains materials on the Nizhny Novgorod period of the writer's life. Museum in the city of Rivne on the site of the Rivne Male Gymnasium. In the homeland of the writer, in the city of Zhitomir, his house-museum was opened in 1973. In the city of Poltava, the Museum-Estate of V. G. Korolenko functions in which he lived the last 18 years of his life.

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Perpetuation of memory In 1977, the minor planet 3835 was named Korolenko. In 1973, a monument was erected in the writer's homeland in Zhitomir (sculptor V. Vinaykin, architect N. Ivanchuk). The name of Korolenko was given to the Poltava Pedagogical Institute, the Kharkiv State Scientific Library, the Chernihiv Regional Library, schools in Poltava and Zhitomir, and the Glazov State Pedagogical Institute. In 1990, the Writers' Union of Ukraine established the Korolenko Literary Prize for the best Russian-language literary work in Ukraine.

"Community of mutual assistance of teachers site" Presentation competition "Great people of Russia" "My favorite writer VG Korolenko" readings GKOU LO "Tikhvin special boarding school"

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My favorite writer V.G. Korolenko "We love Korolenko today. People of the future will love him even more." Oles Gonchar A writer is not just a profession. Being a writer means being able to express your inner world, know life, understand people, appreciate them. And much here depends on the qualities of the personality of the writer, on the properties of his soul.

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THE GREAT WRITER A writer of a bright and great talent, Korolenko went down in the history of Russian literature as the author of numerous novellas and short stories, and artistic essays. Many of Korolenko's works can be ranked among the greatest achievements of Russian classical literature. V. Korolenko (1853-1921) Russian writer Honorary Academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature (1900-1902)

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"LITTLE ROMANTIC" Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko was born on July 27, 1853 in the Ukraine, in the city of Zhitomir, in the family of a district judge. He studied first at a private boarding school, then at the Zhytomyr gymnasium. When Korolenko was thirteen years old, his father was transferred to the small district town of Rovno, where the future writer graduated from a real gymnasium with a silver medal. The atmosphere of the family, where friendly relations prevailed, fostered honesty, truthfulness and straightforwardness of character, had a beneficial effect on the spiritual development of the child. As a child, Korolenko dreamed of becoming a hero, suffering for his native people. Gymnasium where V.G.Korolenko studied Zhytomyr house, where V.Korolenko spent his childhood and early adolescence, since 1972 - a museum.

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PORTRAIT OF THE WRITER He is a handsome man of short stature, strong build and in appearance capable of enduring great physical hardships ... A curly beard frames Korolenko's face. The hair is thick, slightly curly, the eyes are light-colored. He has wrinkles on his forehead that never smooth out, giving him the look of a brooding person.

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A PERSON WITH A LARGE AND STRONG HEART WRITER'S PERSONALITY: Honesty Endurance Fairness is the reputation of a "protector" Courage and masculinity Kindness and sensitivity is a reputation of a "restless person" Hard work

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HONESTY The writer's father, Galaktion Afanasyevich, was a district judge. For his great honesty, he was considered an eccentric. "The father left the family without any means," the writer later recalled, "because even at that time, under the old order, he lived only on a salary and with extreme scrupulousness protected himself from all gratitude and indirect and direct donations." Throughout his life, Vladimir Galaktionovich was also adamantly honest.

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ENDURANCE When in 1871 Korolenko entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, he had to endure the most dire need; he could afford to dine for 18 kopecks in a welfare canteen no more than once a month. Studying is hard: hunger makes me feel sick all the time. Through strength, with difficulty, but he still studies and works in the evenings.

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JUSTICE In 1874 Korolenko moved to Moscow and entered the Petrovskaya Agricultural and Forestry Academy. Once Korolenko, a student, together with two comrades, brought a statement to the director of the academy protesting against the order in this educational institution. Korolenko was one of those people who "could not remain silent" if they saw evil. He was expelled from the academy and expelled from Moscow. This link was followed by others - to the Urals, Siberia, Yakutia. The reputation of the "protector" that the writer had in society led to the fact that "a tradition has been created: no matter what happens, run to Korolenko."

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Courage and Courage From an early age Korolenko joined the revolutionary populist movement. In 1881, for refusing to take the oath to the new tsar, Korolenko was exiled to Yakutia. During the Civil War, he risked his life more than once, opposing bandit pogroms, robberies, atrocities.

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KINDNESS AND ACCEPTANCE In 1892, a terrible famine began in Russia due to a lean summer. Whole families died. Seeing the human tragedy, Korolenko organizes a fundraiser, participates in the opening of canteens for starving children. Being firm in convictions and courageous in actions, V. Korolenko remained at the same time a kind and sensitive person. This is how many remembered him. At the same time, Korolenko's compassion always poured into active actions, so the writer acquired

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LABOR Korolenko was constantly in the works. Wherever he settled, he everywhere became the center of active work aimed at alleviating the needs of the people and disasters. This practical activity of Korolenko is inseparable from the literary one and forms one merged whole. Even while in prison, despite the prohibitions, he continued to write. In a distant Yakut village, in exile, Korolenko wrote the story "In a bad society" Not paying attention to the sharp deterioration in the life of the poor. health in the last years of his life, Korolenko continued to actively write his stories and stories.

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CREATIVITY OF THE WRITER Books by V.G. Korolenko, which I read: "There is hardly any controversy about Korolenko's best work. His best work is himself, his life, his being."

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The great writer Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko died on December 25, 1921. He was only sixty-eight years old. Poltava. The grave of V.G. Korolenko

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OPINIONS OF CONTEMPORARIES "I talked with Korolenko. An intelligent and good person," L. Tolstoy wrote in his diary. “I’m ready to swear that Korolenko is a very good person. It’s fun to walk not only next to him, but even after this guy.” - we read in A. Chekhov's letter.