Small group presentation and communication in them. Small group Small group communication Presentation

"Small social group" - Small group - as a social and psychological phenomenon. Leading positions. Group. Diagnostic exercises. Outsider. Positions of the participants. Small group consists of: a limited, small number of people. The group is in dynamics. Create conditions. What you need to be able to see in the children's team. How many people make up a small group.

"Elites" - Social mobility. Partitioning into clusters. Elites and hypoelites. Change of elites. "Normal" mobility. Elites 28. Middle class. General idea. Elites and modernization. Elites are functional and normative. Publications. The duality of the goals of the elites. A picture of a seven-link social structure. Displacement of the elites. The specifics of the position of the NC detachments.

"Large group" - Types of masses. Bringing people together. Infection has an integrative and expressive function. Questions for self-examination. Power. Ridiculous rumors. Mirroring and Synchronization Techniques. Hearing concept. The framework of direct experience. Mass consciousness. Ordinary everyday attitudes. Rumor-desire. Signs of mass consciousness.

"Group Psychology" - Political Psychology. Types of small groups. A group of social and psychological phenomena. Small group. National psychology. Small group structure. Psychological phenomena. Group. Group concept. Characteristics of group psychology. Professional pedagogy and psychology. Methods for studying group psychology.

"Student group" - Object-object interaction. Tendencies in the self-determination of teachers. Proposals for joining forces. Group leadership problems. Development of the subjectivity of student groups. Leadership skills that need to be developed. The problem of leadership and leadership in student group management. Subjects of management.

"Social Communities" - The Random Crowd. Nominal groups. Secondary groups. A collection of people. Types of social groups. Aggregations. Group communities. The behavior of the individual in the crowd. Types of social communities. Acting (expressive) crowd. Forms of contact communities. Imaginary communities. Social circles. Formal groups.

There are 8 presentations in total

1. Small groups Small groups Grade 10. Profile. MBOU SOSH №55. Fedotova O.P.
2. Plan Plan  1. What is a small group1. What is a small group  2. What are groups 2. What are the groups  3. Reference group 3. Reference group  4. Interpersonal relationships c4. Interpersonal relations in groups of groups  5. Integration in groups 5. Integration in groups
3. 1. What is a small group1. What is a small group A small group of people whose members are united by common activities (goals and objectives) and are in direct personal communication The basis of relations, values and norms of behavior is communication and joint activities
4. Small group Small group SOCIAL SYSTEM SOCIAL SYSTEM DYNAMIC SYSTEM DYNAMIC SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM HAS SOME SELF-SUFFICIENCY HAS SOME SELF-SUFFICIENCY
5. 2. What are the groups2. What are the groups (GROUP CLASSIFICATION) (GROUP CLASSIFICATION) CONDITIONAL REAL REAL LABORATORY AND NATURAL LARGE AND SMALL PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
6. Small groups Small groups FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL MEMBERSHIP GROUPS AND REFERENCE MEMBERSHIP AND REFERENCE GROUPS
7. 3. Reference group 3. Reference group  GROUPS, REAL OR CONDITIONAL, SIGNIFICANT TO THE PERSON, WITH WHICH HE RELATES TO HIMSELF AS A BENCHMARK, THE NORMS, THE VALUES OF WHICH HE SHARES, COMPARES WITH THEM AND LOOKS
8. Functions of the reference group Functions of the reference group COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE REGULATORY
9. 4. Interpersonal relationships4. Interpersonal relationships in groups in groups OFFICIAL - UNOFFICIAL OFFICIAL - UNOFFICIAL BUSINESS - PERSONAL BUSINESS - PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL RELATIONSHIPS VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL RELATIONSHIPS ETERNAL AND HORIZONTAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE GROUP
10. 5. Integration in groups 5. Integration Group UNITY AND INTEGRITY AND TSELOSTNOSTEDINSTVO * * DIFFERENTIATED differentiated system VIDOVSISTEMA ALL ALL KINDS OF RELATIONS * * OTNOSHENIYOTNOSHENY regard to virtue, morality, SOOTVETSTVUYUSCHIESOOTVETSTVUYUSCHIE STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS AND TREBOVANIYAMNORMAM RAZVITAYARAZVITAYA MALAYAMALAYA GRUPPAGRUPPA
11. Group integratsiyaGruppovaya integration IDENTIFIKATSIYAEMOTSIONALNAYA EMOTIONAL IDENTIFICATION (consciousness and experience belonging to a group) (consciousness and experience belonging to a group) SOGLASOVANNOSTSOGLASOVANNOST EMOTIONAL ROLEVOGOEMOTSIONALNO Role Behavior Group members RESHENIIPOVEDENIYA TEAM MEMBERS IN SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF GENERAL DEGREE ZADACHOBSCHIH joint submission DEGREE joint submission, ORIENTATIONS, POSITIONS, OPINIONS, ORIENTATIONS, POSITIONS, OPINIONS REGARDING THE OBJECT ATTITUDE TO OBJECTS
12. Group integratsiyaGruppovaya integration of continuity and sustainability SUSCHESTVOVANIENEPRERYVNOE and sustainable existence of the process of cohesion, MANAGEMENT IPROTSESSY cohesion, MANAGEMENT AND LIDERSTVALIDERSTVA  DEINDIVIDUALIZATSIYADEINDIVIDUALIZATSIYA PERSONALITY IN GRUPPELICHNOSTI GROUP   OSLABLENIEOSLABLENIE INDIVIDUALNOYINDIVIDUALNOY OTVETSTVENNOSTIOTVETSTVENNOSTI OTNOSHENIYADRUZHESKIE FRIENDLY RELATIONS

By size or number, groups are distinguished large and small. A large group is a community of people, distinguished on the basis of certain social characteristics: class, religious, ethnic, demographic, professional. There are no direct connections between all members of the large group; the main importance in it acquires mediated interaction, therefore, in a large group, the need for institutionalized (organized) regulation of the activities of its members necessarily arises.

Depending on the nature of the relationships and connections of individuals, primary and secondary groups are distinguished. The term "primary groups" was introduced into the sociology of C. Cooley. The primary group is a kind of small group. These groups are distinguished by a special emotionality, the attachment of its members to each other, a kind of intimacy of interpersonal relationships. In the primary group, each of its subjects is considered irreplaceable. Through the primary group, a person most effectively assimilates the norms, values and traditions of society, in which the primary socialization of the individual can take place.

The secondary group is a target group in which material contacts, most often mediated, are of particular importance. It relies on an institutionalized and hierarchized system of relations, activities in it are governed by rules. A secondary group is usually a large group, but a small group can also be secondary. Relations in a group differ in the nature of impersonal functional contacts of individuals, as required by the social roles of its subjects.

Depending on the structure and internal organization, groups are distinguished formal and informal. A formal group (official) is a group with a certain legal status. A formal group is created to solve a certain range of tasks, to achieve special goals, which, as a rule, are assigned to the group from the outside. It has a certain normatively fixed structure, leadership, rights and obligations of its members, whose activities are regulated by special rules and orders. An example of a formal group is a production team, student group, etc.

An informal group is based on a voluntary association and arises on the basis of a community of interests, friendship or mutual sympathy. In an informal group, each of its members does not have a strictly fixed role, social position, with its inherent rights and responsibilities. Such a group is characterized by friendly, trusting relations, not based on a formal system of sanctions, a readiness for assistance and mutual assistance. The less the group's activities are regulated by the norms sanctioned by the state, the more it tends to be informal.

Types of spontaneous groups. These are short-term associations of a large number of people, often with very different interests, but nevertheless gathered together for a specific reason and demonstrating some kind of joint action. Members of such a temporary association are representatives of different large organized groups: classes, nations, professions, ages, etc. This can be organized to a certain extent by someone, but more often it arises spontaneously, does not necessarily clearly realize its goals, but nevertheless can be quite active.

This can be traced more specifically to the example of the formation of various types of elemental groups. Crowd - formed on the street about a variety of events: a traffic accident, the capture of an offender, dissatisfaction with the actions of a government official or just a passing person. The duration of its existence is determined by the significance of the incident: a crowd of onlookers can disperse as soon as the element of entertainment is eliminated.

Mass is usually described as a more stable formation with rather fuzzy boundaries. The mass may not necessarily act as a momentary formation, like a crowd; it can turn out to be much more organized when certain layers of the population quite consciously gather for the sake of any action: manifestation, demonstration, meeting. Therefore, in the actions of the masses, both the ultimate goals and the tactics of behavior are clearer and more thought out. At the same time, like a crowd, a mass is quite heterogeneous, it can also coexist or collide with different interests, so its existence can be unstable.

The audience is another form of a spontaneous group, although the element of spontaneity is less pronounced here than, for example, in a crowd. The audience is also a short-term gathering of people for a joint pastime in connection with some kind of spectacle - on the stands of the stadium, in the large auditorium, on the square in front of the speaker while listening to an important message. But the public also remains a mass gathering of people, and the laws of mass operate in it. An incident is enough here for the public to become uncontrollable. Dramatic incidents are known to which irrepressible passions lead, for example, football fans in stadiums, etc. In more confined spaces, such as lecture halls, the public is often referred to as an audience.

A small group is understood as a small group, whose members are united by common social activities and are in direct personal communication, which is the basis for the emergence of emotional relationships, group norms and group processes>. (Family, school class, labor brigade, military crew, group friends, etc.), . (family, school class, labor brigade, military crew, group of friends, etc.), ">

A small group is a small association of people (from 2 - 3 to 20 - 30 people) who are engaged in some common cause and are in direct relationship with each other. The small group is an elementary unit of society. In it, a person spends most of his life. It would be more correct to formulate the well-known thesis about the dependence of the psychology and behavior of the individual on the social environment as the idea of the dependence of the individual on psychology and relations existing in small groups.

Conditional, or nominal, are groups that unite people who are not part of any small group. Sometimes the selection of such groups is necessary for research purposes in order to compare the results obtained in real groups with those that characterize a random association of people who have neither constant contacts with each other, nor a common goal. In contrast to the nominal groups, the real ones stand out. They represent really existing associations of people that fully meet the definition of a small group.

A reference group is any real or conditional (nominal) small group to which a person voluntarily reckons himself or which he would like to become a member of. In the reference group, the individual finds role models for himself. Her goals and values, norms and forms of behavior, thoughts and feelings, judgments and opinions become significant role models for him to follow and follow.

Non-referential - such a small group is considered, the psychology and behavior of which are alien to the individual or are indifferent to him. In addition to these two types of groups, there may be anti-referential groups, the behavior and psychology of whose members the person does not accept, condemns and rejects.

Natural - are called groups that add up by themselves, regardless of the experimenter's desire. They arise and exist based on the needs of society or people included in these groups. Natural groups are divided into formal and informal (another name is formal and informal), highly developed and underdeveloped.

Underdeveloped small groups are characterized by the fact that they lack sufficient psychological community, well-established business and personal relationships, an established structure of interaction, a clear distribution of responsibilities, recognized leaders, effective teamwork. only at the first stages of their functioning).

Collectives stand out among highly developed small groups. The psychology of a developed team is characterized by the fact that the activity for which it was created and in which it is engaged in practice, undoubtedly, has a positive meaning for very many people, not only for members of this team. In a team, interpersonal relationships are based on mutual trust of people, openness, honesty, decency, mutual respect, etc.

Formal - (another name - official) is distinguished by the fact that they are created and exist only within the framework of officially recognized organizations, The goals pursued by official groups are set from the outside on the basis of the tasks facing the organization in which this group is included

Group norms are a set of rules and requirements, "standards" of behavior that govern relationships and interactions between its members. Group norms define what is acceptable and unacceptable in a group, desirable and undesirable, right and wrong. The norms in the course of the development of the group can undergo changes, especially when new complex group situations arise, but without their coordination there can be no organized activity.

The structure of the group is both formal and informal. The informal structure develops much more slowly than the formal one, since it is determined by interpersonal choice. Different members of the group occupy different positions in the hierarchy of popularity and authority, power and prestige, realize and fulfill different roles. Schindler (R. Schindler, 1957) described the four most common group roles.

An alpha leader who appeals to the group, encourages it to be active, prepares a program, directs it, gives it confidence and decisiveness. A beta expert with specific knowledge, skills, and abilities that the group requires or appreciates. The expert analyzes, examines the situation from different angles, his behavior is rational, self-critical, neutral and indifferent.

Gamma is predominantly passive and adaptable group members who try to maintain their anonymity; most of them are identified with alpha. Omega is the most "extreme" member of the group, who lags behind the team due to inability, difference from others or fear. In the psychotherapeutic group, there are also other roles: adversary, oppositionist, monopolist, monopoly speaker, moralist, martyr, quasi-psychotherapist, pet, jester, "scapegoat", aggressor, provocateur, defender, whiner, lover of truth, guardian of democracy.

Group cohesion is understood as the attractiveness of the group for its members, the need for participation in the group and cooperation in solving common problems, as the mutual attraction of individuals to each other. Group cohesion is a prerequisite for the effectiveness and efficiency of group psychotherapy. Forming group cohesion is essential for the psychotherapeutic process.

Members of such groups are more receptive, capable of sincerely expressing their own feelings in a constructive form (including negative ones). They are ready to discuss group conflicts, despite the tension and unpleasant experiences that arise, they show a genuine interest in each other and a desire to help.

First of all, the idea of the development of the group was indicated in the psycho-analytical concept, the impetus for which was given by the work of Z. Freud (Group Psychology and Ego Analysis). Within the framework of psychoanalytic orientation, the theory of group development by L. Bennis and G. Sheppard emerged (Andreeva, Bogomolova, Petrovskaya, p. 161). It is built on the understanding of the processes that occur in the so-called T - groups, or training groups.

There are two phases in its existence, in each of which the group solves a certain set of problems. It is noted that each specific group can implement the general development model in different ways: demonstrate some deviations or simply disintegrate if the set goal is not achieved.

In the most recent years, the idea of developing the group has become more widespread. R. Morland and J. Levine introduced a special concept (socialization of a group), with the help of which, by analogy with the process of socialization of an individual, the process of group development is considered. The criteria on the basis of which it is possible to compare the various stages in the development of the group are as follows: assessment (of the goals of the group, its position among others

The broad meaning of this concept, common in our society, applies to almost any group within a particular enterprise, institution, industry, geographic area, etc. Expressions such as, have long won the right to exist.

A common feature of all the listed groups lies precisely in the fact that these are specific formations of a socialist society, and thus the term was used in everyday speech and in official political and ideological literature. Social psychology, investigating the problems of the group, in a certain sense of the word also fit into the specified context: the development of the group was interpreted as reaching the highest stage by it, which was called the collective.

Today, we can assume that most researchers agree on the definition of the main characteristics of the team. First of all, it is the unification of people in the name of achieving a certain, socially approved goal (in this sense, a cohesive, but antisocial group, for example, a group of offenders, cannot be called a collective).

Secondly, this is the presence of the voluntary nature of the association, and voluntariness here does not mean the spontaneity of the formation of the collective, but such a characteristic of the group, when it is not just given by external circumstances, but has become for the individuals included in it a system of relations actively built by them on the basis of a common activities.

An essential feature of the collective is its integrity, which is expressed in the fact that the collective always acts as a system of activity with its inherent organization, distribution of functions, a certain structure of leadership and management. Finally, the collective is a special form of relationship between its members, which ensures the principle of personality development, not in spite of, but together with the development of the collective.

It is possible to prove a sufficient degree of its development using three selected criteria: 1) assessment of the group's performance of the main social function (successful participation in the social division of labor); 2) assessment of the group's compliance with social norms; 3) assessment of the group's ability to provide each of its members with opportunities for full-fledged personality development. Diagnostics of the level of development of a group involves a qualitative - quantitative assessment of each of these parameters.

The problem of leadership and leadership is one of the cardinal problems of social psychology, for both of these processes do not simply relate to the problem of integrating group activities, but psychologically describe the subject of this integration. When a problem is designated as, it only pays tribute to the socio-psychological tradition associated with the study of this phenomenon. In modern conditions, the problem should be posed much broader, as the problem of group leadership.

The problem of leadership in the TM team - requirements for the TO method - requirements for the obligations of the IL - informational content of the JV leader - structuredness of the EP problem - the likelihood of subordination to the OC - commonality of VC goals - the likelihood of IP conflicts - informability of subordinates A 1- autocratic first A 2- autocratic second K 1 - advisory first K 2 - advisory second G - group or joint

A leader is a member of a small group who is promoted as a result of the interaction of group members to organize a group in solving a specific problem. He demonstrates a higher level of activity, participation, influence in solving this problem than other members of the group. the leader is mainly called upon to regulate interpersonal relations in the group, while the leader regulates the official relations of the group as some kind of social organization

Leadership arises spontaneously, the leader of any real social group is either appointed or elected, but one way or another this process is not spontaneous, but, on the contrary, purposeful, carried out under the control of various elements of the social structure, the leadership of subordinates, unlike leadership, has a much more definite system of various sanctions that are not in the hands of the leader;

Types of leaders: leader - organizer, leader - initiator, leader - erudite, leader - generator of emotional mood, leader of emotional attraction, leader - skilled. Many of these characteristics can be successfully attributed to the leader. However, the essence of the problem lies in the fact that the very phenomenon of leadership has not yet been described fully enough, first of all, the differences in the positions of the leader and the leader have not been fully clarified. When it comes to leadership style, this flaw is felt especially strongly.

Theories of the origin of leadership. There are three main theoretical approaches to understanding the origins of leadership. A leader, according to this theory, can only be a person who possesses a certain set of personal qualities or a set of certain psychological traits.

The theory of the devil was replaced by a new explanation formulated in. Trait theory is not completely discarded in this conceptual framework, but it is argued that, in the main, leadership is a product of the situation. In various situations of group life, individual members of the group stand out, who are superior to others in at least some one quality, but since it is this quality that turns out to be necessary in a given situation, the person who possesses it becomes a leader.

The third option was presented in the so-called systems theory of leadership, according to which leadership is viewed as a process of organizing interpersonal relations in a group, and a leader as a subject of managing this process. With this approach, leadership is interpreted as a function of the group, and therefore it should be studied from the point of view of the goals and objectives of the group, although the structure of the personality of the leaders should not be discounted. It is recommended to consider other variables related to the life of the group, for example, the length of its existence.

Authoritarian style Business, short orders, Prohibitions without leniency, with a threat Only immediate goals are defined, distant ones are unknown Clear language, unfriendly tone Voice is guided - decisive Praise and censure are subjective Emotions are not taken into account Show of techniques - not a system Leader's position - outside the group

Democratic style Instructions in the form of proposals Events are not planned in advance, but in a group Not a dry speech, but a friendly tone Everyone is responsible for the implementation of proposals Praise and censure - with advice All sections of the work are not only offered, but also discussed Orders and prohibitions with discussions Leader's position - within the group

Theme 3

Small group psychology

Main questions:

The purpose of the lesson:

Definition of the concept of "small group" of its boundaries and features.
Classification of small groups.
Socio-psychological phenomena and processes in a small group.
The psychological structure of a small group.

to get acquainted with the concept of "small group", its quantitative characteristics, main features and types;

study and comprehend the social and psychological structure and processes of a small group;

be able to apply the knowledge gained about the psychological interaction of people in their professional activities.

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Small group signs:

the presence of two or more people;
implementation of continuous contacts

and communication between them;

the presence of a common goal and joint activities;
the emergence of mutual emotional and other connections;
manifestation of a sense of belonging to a given group;
the formation of common norms and values acceptable to all members of the group;

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Quantitative characteristics

Lower limit:

"Dyad" (2 people),
"Triad" (3 people)

Upper limit:

quantitative parameters that are dictated by the needs of joint activities.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Concept and classification of small groups

Small group -

a small group, whose members are united by common activities and are in direct personal communication, due to which emotional relationships, group norms and group processes arise.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Classification small group

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Socio-psychological phenomena and processes of a small group:

small group relationships
group aspirations,
group opinion,
group mood
group traditions

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Small group psychological structure

SMALL GROUP

COMPOSITIONAL SUBSTRUCTURE

SUBSTRUCTURE OF INTERPERSONAL

PREFERENCES

COMMUNICATIVE SUBSTRUCTURE

Functional Relationship Substructure

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Dynamic processes in a small group

Group dynamics

- it is a set of dynamic processes that simultaneously occur in a group in some unit of time and which signify the movement of the group from stage to stage (its development).

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Dynamic processes:

the process of the formation of small groups (the phenomenon of group pressure on an individual, the development of group cohesion);
processes of leadership and group decision-making), the process of team development.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Education process small group

Group pressure phenomenon -"Conformism"

Conformity is the degree of “submission” of an individual to group pressure, which is stated only in the presence of a conflict between the opinions of the individual and the group.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Types of conformity:

External conformity (outwardly agreeing with the opinion of the group, the individual continues to resist)

Internal conformity (valid acceptance of the group's opinion).

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Cohesion

This is the formation of special connections in a group, which allow an externally given structure to be turned into a psychological community, a unity of people.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

The structure of the small group consists of three layers ("strata"):

Outer layer - direct emotional interpersonal relationships, which were traditionally measured by sociometry.

Second layer - value-orientational unity (COU), i.e. coincidence of orientation towards values related to the process of activity. Relationships are built not on the basis of likes or dislikes, but on the basis of the similarity of value orientations regarding activity.

Third layer - the unity (community) of the goals of group activities among the members of the group, therefore they have significant motives for the choice of the members of the group each other. This layer of relationships is the "core" of the group structures.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Cohesion - it is a process of development of intra-group connections corresponding to the development of group activities.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

The Leadership and Leadership Challenge

B.D.Parygin names the following differences:

the leader regulates interpersonal relationships and the leader - the official;

2) leadership emerges in a microenvironment (small group), leadership can be an element of the macroenvironment;

3) leadership emerges spontaneously, and the leader is appointed or elected (purposeful process);

4) leadership is less stable;

5) management has a more definite system of sanctions;

6) the decision-making process by the head is more complicated and mediated by many different circumstances.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

The Leadership and Leadership Phenomenon

This is an element of the group structure (a leader or leader is unthinkable alone), therefore it belongs to the dynamic processes of a small group.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

The question of the nature of leadership and the reasons for its origin was solved in three main theoretical approaches:

"Devil Theory"(sometimes called "charismatic") focuses on the innate qualities of a leader. In American psychology, sets of these traits were especially carefully compiled, but it turned out that the task of compiling such lists was not solvable.
"Situational Leadership Theory". In specific situations in the life of the group, its individual members stand out, who are superior to others in at least one quality. If this quality turns out to be necessary in this situation, then the person who possesses it becomes a leader.
Two opposing theories gave rise to a compromise option - "synthetic leadership theory", considering leadership as a process of organizing interpersonal relations in a group, and the leader is the subject of managing this process. Leadership is a function of the group, but the personality traits of the leader are also important.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

styles leadership

K. Levin identified 3 styles:

"authoritarian",
"democratic",
"Conniving" ("anarchic").

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Directive ( authoritarian), the leader himself determines the goals of the group, informing only about immediate tasks.
Collegial style assumes instructions in the form of sentences, comradely tone.
Permissive the style is characterized by the fact that things in the group go by themselves, the leader does not give instructions for any cooperation.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Theme 3 .3. Small group concept and classification

Group decision making process(closely related to the problem of leadership and leadership).

Two patterns have been identified:

1) group discussion allows participants to see different sides of the problem;

2) if a decision is made by a group, then it, being the conclusion of the discussion, turns into a group norm.

Socio-psychological problems of the group

Plan

Man in a group
Social groups: large and small
Status, role and position of a person in a group
Group norms, values, sanctions
Group selfishness
Conformity and collectivism.

Man in a group

A person cannot live completely alone.
Social group - this is uniting people in order to meet the needs of individuals in the implementation of joint actions. People are united according to a variety of criteria: belonging to a nation (a historical and cultural community of people united by language, common features of a psychological make-up), profession, age group, citizenship, ideology, religion, common interests.

A group can be defined as an association of people on a certain basis.

Groups have certain norms(rules of conduct) and values, deviation from which is punishable by sanctions (from conviction to boycott and exclusion from the group).

All groups of people can be divided into big(nations, classes) and small(family, group of friends). The difference between them is not only quantitative (according to various estimates, a small group includes 7-20 people), but also qualitative (a feature of a small group is the possibility of direct contacts between all representatives of the group).

All groups of people can be divided into big(nations, classes) and small(family, group of friends). The difference between them is not only quantitative (according to various estimates, a small group includes 7-20 people), but also qualitative (a feature of a small group is the possibility of direct contacts between all representatives of the group).

A small group is a small group of people whose members have a common goal and are in direct personal contact with each other.
In terms of quantity: from 2 to 40 people.
Small group characterize: the presence of a common goal, joint activity, personal (direct) interaction of group members, a certain emotional background, duration of existence, voluntary nature, the presence of mutual expectations.

Small groups are:

Small groups are:
conditional (group members do not have permanent contacts with each other);
real (members of the group have constant contacts with each other);
natural (folding by themselves).

Natural groups are divided into:

Natural groups are divided into:
informal - groups that arise and exist on the basis of the personal interests of their members and operate outside of official organizations.
formal - groups that are created and exist only within officially recognized organizations;

All groups can be highly developed and underdeveloped.

The group is putting some pressure
on the individual.
By the way of reaction to such pressure, the possible behavior patterns:
conformism or opportunism (a person's change of behavior in order to outwardly meet the requirements of other people with internal disagreement),
suggestibility(the person accepts the line of behavior),
active consent(consciously defending the interests of the group),
nonconformism(disagreement with the majority, defending their own interests).

Groups can be primary and secondary.

Primary groups- each member of such a group sees other members as individuals and individuals (family, friendly company). A personality is usually formed here, everyone finds an intimate environment, sympathy and opportunities for the realization of personal interests.
Secondary groups- social contacts in them are impersonal, one-sided (master - team, coach - team). Members find an effective mechanism to achieve their own goals, but often at the cost of a loss of intimacy and warmth in the relationship.

Thank you for the attention!