Mandatory steps for creating a new enterprise. Creation and organization of a small business. The procedure for creating an enterprise

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The creation of a new enterprise involves a number of mandatory stages, the sequence of which is shown in Fig. At the initial stage, the composition of the founders is determined and the constituent documents are developed: the charter of the enterprise and the agreement on the creation and activities of the enterprise, indicating its organizational and legal form. Along with this, the number 1 of the meeting of the company's participants on the appointment of the director and chairman of the audit commission was drawn up. Then a temporary bank account is opened, where at least 50% of the authorized capital must be received within 30 days after the registration of the enterprise. Further, the company is registered at the place of its establishment with the local government.

For state registration, the following documents are submitted to the relevant authority:

• * application of the founder (or founders) for registration;
• * company charter;
• * decision to establish an enterprise (resolution of the meeting of founders);
• * agreement of the founders on the establishment and operation of the enterprise;
• * certificate of payment of the state fee.

After the registration is completed and the registration certificate is received, all information about the new enterprise is transferred to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for inclusion in the State Register. Here the codes of the All-Union Classifier of Enterprises and Organizations are assigned. At the final stage of creating a new enterprise, its participants make their full contributions (no later than a year after registration) and open a permanent current account with the bank. The company is registered with the district tax office, orders and receives a round seal and a corner stamp. From that moment on, the enterprise functions as an independent legal entity. If an enterprise is created as a joint stock company, then its founders will also have to subscribe to shares. With an open subscription, the founders publish a notice of the upcoming subscription, which indicates the subject, goals and terms of the future joint-stock company, the composition of the founders and the date of the founding conference, the planned size of the authorized capital, the number and types of shares, their par value, the start and end dates of the subscription for shares and other required information. Subscribers to the shares are obliged to deposit at least 30% of the par value of the shares before the day of the convocation of the constituent conference. If all shares are distributed among the founders, then the contribution must be at least 50%. A shareholder is obliged to fully redeem shares no later than a year after the registration of the joint-stock company.

Then a constituent conference is held. Her task is to address issues such as:

• * creation of a joint stock company (JSC);
• * approval of the charter of the joint-stock company;
• * the size of the authorized capital after the completion of the subscription to shares;
• * elections of the governing bodies of JSC, etc.

After the successful completion of the constituent conference, the newly created joint stock company is registered, and it can begin to function.

Domestic economist AP. Potemkin in his "Open Letter" compares the procedure for state registration of the creation of an enterprise in Russia with a similar procedure in Germany. According to his calculations, in order to officially receive all the permits that allow starting a business in Russia, the company needs to spend 1346 days. He names all the bureaucratic organizations that an entrepreneur needs to bypass, and indicates the deadlines for overcoming each of them. At the same time, the creation of an enterprise in Germany requires overcoming only three procedures: procedure No. 1 - certification of statutory documents by a notary (takes one hour), procedure No. 2 - opening an enterprise account in a bank (20 minutes); procedure no. 3 - registration of the company's vehicles (40 minutes). In total, the whole procedure takes two hours. At the same time, after the first two procedures, an entrepreneur, without waiting for the registration of his newly created enterprise in the Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Federal Republic of Germany, can engage in any business: production, trade, service - all types of activities that do not contradict the laws of Germany.

The author claims that a similar procedure is of nature for all countries of the European Community. He believes that the FRG owes its prosperity to a large extent to such a simple permitting procedure for the creation of new enterprises.

Variety of enterprises abroad. Certain types of enterprises have developed abroad. Of interest are six possibilities of your own future enterprise, recommended by the famous economist G. Berl: incubators; home business; flea markets; enterprises that fulfill orders by mail; mobile or temporary establishments; sale of goods at parties and during product demonstrations.

All of these types of businesses have a number of things in common:

• a) the individual nature of the activity;
• b) very low or very flexible requirements for the initial capital;
• c) it is assumed that such enterprises are very mobile and changeable. They differ in a number of features.

An incubator, as you know, is an apparatus for artificially rearing chickens by creating the necessary conditions. With regard to business, it means that an enterprise (organization) serves as an umbrella, providing other, usually small enterprises, the necessary state of the business climate: premises, equipment, an advisory board of specialists and experts, the possibility of obtaining the necessary capital, etc. ...

A home-based business should be a “quiet” business that does not violate the rules of the hostel in the area. These activities are not necessarily limited to the home. Many types of home-based business services can be provided outside the home, such as piano tuning, coaching, touring, counseling, and more.

In a home-based business, you may need a home phone (your own or an additional one), preferably with an answering machine, copying equipment, a computer, and a typewriter.

Flea markets are widespread now in Russia, although they have not yet dared to call them that. Both small producers and retailers and wholesalers can participate in this business. Such markets are very popular all over the world. Here you can study the demand for products, buy small batches of goods for resale, etc. And all this - at minimal cost.

A lot of special knowledge, experience, effort, time, capital investment is required by the business "services by mail". To get enough orders to generate guaranteed profits, you need to reach a significant number of people. In this type of business, the percentage of real orders can be very small, and in order to survive and make a profit, you need to make a significant mark-up on the product.

Along with flea markets, mobile, or temporary, outlets have become widespread in Russia in recent years. It sells clothes, shoes, haberdashery, perfumes, works of art, etc. Hot sausages, pies, etc. are also offered here. Typically, these structures or places of trade are leased for a short or indefinite period. The equipment of such outlets is minimal; storage facilities are not required. Therefore, you should choose a product that has a quick turnover and is not competitive in relation to the products of the regular sellers around you in this market.

Finally, there is a type of business such as trading at parties and patterns. Compared to other types of entrepreneurial activity, in this case, it requires relatively less hassle and costs. However, an entrepreneur needs to be able to get to various receptions and house parties.

All the types of business considered, at first glance, seem very simple. At the same time, only a deep study of each of them, individual studies, observations will make it possible to make the right choice when organizing a new business of your own.

Before starting your own business, you should perform the so-called marketing intelligence, i.e. find your market niche. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to a number of conditions:

• * political factors - stability of the political system, protection of property, investment;
• * socio-economic - the state of the purchasing power of certain strata of society, to meet the needs of which the created enterprise will work, possible competition, the movement of inflationary processes, the state of the financial and credit system;
• * legal - the presence and state of the legal framework for entrepreneurship.

Next, it is necessary to resolve the issue of the organizational and legal form of the newly created enterprise. Chapter 1 considered possible organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurship in Russia. When choosing a form, one should take into account the starting conditions of the enterprise. Most entrepreneurs choose the form of a limited liability partnership as the most appropriate. Let us remind you that in this form the members of the company are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk of losses associated with the activities of the company, within the limits of the value of their contributions.

Next comes the question of the founders. When selecting founders, one should take into account: solvency, business decency, complete mutual trust. Practice shows that often founders, having started their own business and faced with certain difficulties, disagree, and sometimes become enemies. Therefore, the selection of founders should be carefully and leisurely.

"Enterprise structure" - 1. Linear organizational structure of management. In practice, there are 3 types of organization of industrial production: The workplace can be: Workshops of the main production. 2. Functional management structure. Service farms. Complex. Auxiliary workshops. There are methods for organizing the production process:

"Reception of delegations" - Visa opening. List of required documents: - original passport - invitation from the host organization (fax copy is enough) - photo 3 * 4 cm in size. - completed visa application form. If the period of stay does not exceed 3-4 days (not including weekends, the registration procedure is not required).

"Legal entity" - Private business. 3. Economic entities - legal entities. Joint-Stock Company. Associations of legal entities persons. Owner-funded institution. Society with additional responsibility. Participants - the state (RF) or municipal authorities The purpose of the activity is commercial. Business partnership.

"Organizational and legal form" - The purpose of the pilot study. Change in OPF and corporate governance factors. Hypothesis 3. The financial performance of the company can influence the decision to change the OPF. About 78% of respondents deny the risk of key owners losing corporate control. Hypothesis 1. The pace of development of a company can affect the change in the form of a legal entity.

"Enterprise Finance" - The principle of self-financing - full recoupment of the costs of production and sales of products and investment in the development of production at the expense of their own funds and, if necessary, bank and commercial loans. The principle of economic independence. Production cost.

“Cash of an Enterprise” - A Bond is a fixed income security issued by an enterprise or government. Stock market structure. Cash funds of the enterprise. 3 Financial mechanism. 2 Enterprise finance. Define the concept of "cash flow". Finances of enterprises, institutions, organizations; insurance; public finance.

There are 8 presentations in total

The opening of a new enterprise involves the implementation of a number of stages for its creation and the organization of production and economic activities.

TO the main stages of creating an enterprise include:

1) determination of the composition of founders and development of constituent documents;

2) the conclusion by the founders of an agreement on the establishment and operation of the enterprise;

3) approval of the charter of the enterprise and execution of minutes No. 1 of the meeting of the founders of the company;

4) opening a temporary bank account;

5) registration of the enterprise;

6) transfer of information about the enterprise for inclusion in the state register;

7) making by the participants of the enterprise in full their contributions to the bank;

8) opening a permanent bank account;

9) registration of the enterprise with the tax inspection department;

10) obtaining a permit and making a round seal and an angle stamp.

At the first stage establishment of an enterprise, the composition of the founders is determined, the charter of the enterprise is developed and approved, the founders conclude an agreement on the creation and operation of the enterprise. The contract necessarily defines the organizational and legal form of the opening enterprise. Then a meeting of members of the company is held, where the issues of appointing the director and chairman of the audit commission are resolved. The secretary draws up minutes No. 1 of the meeting of members of the company.

Next stage - opening a temporary bank account, where, within 30 days after the registration of the enterprise, at least 50% of the authorized capital must be received. Further, the company is registered with the local government at the place of its establishment in the manner prescribed by the law on the regulation of legal entities. For state registration, the appropriate authority is submittedpackage of documents including:

· Application of the founders for registration;

· The charter of the enterprise;

· Resolution of the meeting of founders on the establishment of the enterprise;

· Agreement of founders on the establishment and implementation of the enterprise;

· Certificate of payment of the state fee.

Upon completion of registration, a registration certificate and all information about the new enterprise is transferred to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for inclusion of the enterprise in the Unified State Register of the Enterprise. Here, the assignment of codes of the All-Union Classifier of Enterprises and Organizations is carried out. These data confirm the fact of the opening of the enterprise. Not later than a year after registration, the participants of the enterprise make their full contributions to the bank, open a permanent current account, and register with the tax office at the place of their establishment. The final stage of creating a new enterprise - obtaining a round stamp and an angle stamp.

If an enterprise is created in the form of a joint stock company , then its founders are still subscribing to shares. With an open subscription, a notice of the upcoming issue is published, it indicates the subject, purpose, terms of activity of the joint-stock company to be opened, the composition of the founders and the date of the constituent meeting, the planned size of the authorized capital, the total number, par value and types of shares, the timing of the subscription to shares, and other information. Persons who have subscribed to the shares, before the day of the convocation of the constituent assembly, make a contribution of at least 30% of the par value of the shares. In the event that all shares are distributed among the founders of the company, the contribution must be at least 50%. No later than one year after the registration of the joint-stock company, the shareholder is obliged to redeem the shares in full.

The next important step in the opening of a society - the organization of its activities.

The organization of the activities of any enterprise should be based on the following principles:

1) availability of qualified personnel and the necessary information;

2) implementation of coordination and interaction of all elements of the organizational and management structure of the enterprise;

3) ensuring the normal functioning of the enterprise in a changing external environment based on the flexibility of management decisions.

In each specific case, the organization of the enterprise is carried out taking into account the industry characteristics in which the enterprise will operate, the organizational and legal form, the availability of the necessary equipment, etc.

Volgograd State Agricultural Academy

Department:
Discipline: "Organization of entrepreneurial activity"

Test
On the topic: "Stages of creating an enterprise"

Completed: student gr. EKs - 33
Mitin A.V. Code 048
Checked by: I.V. Luchina

Volgograd 2010

Content............... .............................. .... .......................... ........... 2
Introduction ................. .............................. .. ............................ .............. 3
Organization of a new enterprise ................... ............................ .. .4
Stages of creating an enterprise ................... ............................ .. ......... 6
Conclusion............... .............................. .... .......................... ............nine
References.................... ............................ .. .........eleven

Introduction
Manufacturers note that entrepreneurship has become smarter over the past two to three years, more focused on long-term goals. Professionalism began to be appreciated above ho connections, the desire to spend as much as possible has already been replaced by the desire to save and cut costs.
Each entrepreneur, starting his activity, must clearly understand the need for the future in financial, material, labor and intellectual resources, the sources of their receipt, and also be able to clearly calculate the efficiency of using resources in the process of the firm's work. This is due to the fact that in the modern economy it is firms that produce the bulk of goods and services that satisfy human needs.
In a market economy, entrepreneurs will not be able to achieve sustainable success if they do not clearly and effectively plan their activities, constantly collect and systematize information about the state of target markets, the position of competitors in them, and about their own prospects and opportunities.
Many companies operate without any plans. In beginners, managers are usually so busy that they don't have time to plan. Small company managers tend to think that only large corporations need formal planning.
Even in many established companies, managers sometimes argue that they do well without formal planning and that, therefore, it should not be given much importance. Typically, managers are reluctant to write a written plan because it takes time. In addition, they put forward another argument: the market is changing too quickly, so plans are of no use - in the end, all plans will gather dust on the shelf.
The creation of a new enterprise is a laborious process, associated with the assessment of not the entire project as a whole, with its rethinking and adjustment. Nowadays, everyone who seriously wants to engage in entrepreneurial activity and make a profit in a market environment must have a well-thought-out and comprehensively substantiated detailed plan - a document that defines the strategy and tactics of doing business, the choice of goals, technology, technology, organization of production and sales of products. Having a well-developed plan allows you to actively develop entrepreneurship, attract investors, partners and credit resources.
At the same time, the plan is a guide to action and execution. It is used to test ideas, goals, to improve the efficiency of enterprise management and predict performance results. As implementation progresses and circumstances change, the plan may be refined by adjusting the relevant indicators.
Constant adjustment of the business plan in accordance with the new conditions makes it possible to use it as a tool for assessing the practical results of the enterprise.

Organization of a new enterprise.
At the initial stage of creating a new enterprise, the composition of the founders is determined and the constituent documents are developed: the charter of the enterprise and the agreement on the creation and activities of the enterprise, indicating its organizational and legal form. Along with this, minutes No. 1 of the meeting of the company's participants on the appointment of the director and chairman of the audit commission are drawn up. Then a temporary bank account is opened, where at least 50% of the authorized capital must be received within 30 days after the registration of the enterprise. Further, the company is registered at the place of its establishment with the local government. After the completion of registration and receipt of the Certificate of Registration, all information about the new enterprise is transferred to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for inclusion of the enterprise in the state register of enterprises.
Here the enterprise is assigned a code of the all-union classifier of enterprises and organizations.
At the final stage of creating a new enterprise, its participants fully contribute their contributions (no later than a year after registration), open a permanent bank account, the enterprise is registered with the district tax office, orders and receives a round seal and a corner stamp. From that moment on, the enterprise functions as an independent legal entity. If an enterprise is created as a joint stock company, then its founders will also have to subscribe to shares. With an open subscription, the founders publish a notice of the upcoming subscription, in which they indicate the subject, goals for the duration of the future joint-stock company, the composition of the founders and the date of the founding conference, the planned size of the authorized capital, the number and types of shares, their par value, the start and end dates of the subscription for shares and other required information.
Subscribers to the shares are obliged to deposit at least 30% of the par value of the shares before the day of the convocation of the constituent conference. If all shares are distributed among the founders, then the contribution must be at least 50%. The shareholder is obliged to fully redeem the shares no later than one year after the registration of the joint-stock company.
Then a constituent conference is held. Its task is to address the following issues:
· On the establishment of a joint stock company (JSC);
· Approval of the charter of the joint-stock company;
· On the size of the authorized capital after the completion of the subscription for shares;
Election of governing bodies of JSC, etc.
After the successful completion of the constituent conference, the newly created joint stock company is registered, and it can begin to function.

Stages of creating an enterprise
The creation of a new enterprise involves a number of mandatory stages:
- the emergence and substantiation of the idea of ​​engaging in a certain type of entrepreneurial activity;
- setting immediate and long-term goals for the implementation of your entrepreneurial idea;
- formation of a specific decision to open a business in a specific organizational and legal form;
- selection of qualified and reliable co-founders of the enterprise;
- determination of financial sources necessary for doing business at the first stage of the operation of the enterprise;
- development of the necessary (depending on the organizational and legal form) constituent documents;
- Carrying out a set of organizational measures to create your own business: holding the first meeting of founders, choosing a company name, selecting qualified employees, making seals, stamps, choosing a trademark, etc.
- development of a sound business plan;
- state registration of the enterprise in the prescribed manner;
- registration with the tax authority at the location of the enterprise (place of residence of an individual entrepreneur);
- opening in accordance with the established procedure in any bank settlement (current) and other accounts;
- conclusion of agreements (contracts) for the supply of raw materials, materials, components and other factors of production necessary for the implementation of entrepreneurial activities;
- obtaining, in accordance with the legislation, a permit (license) to carry out certain types of activities;
- conducting in-depth marketing research of the market, choosing ways to promote goods to the market, determining ways to sell products to consumers and methods for setting prices for products or services;
- conclusion of contracts for the supply, sale and purchase of goods (services) with consumers, etc .;
- carrying out the necessary advertising campaign of goods (services);
- organization of accounting for income and expenses and business transactions in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, etc.
Undoubtedly, all stages of creating your own business are extremely important, but the decisive one is the substantiation of an entrepreneurial idea, since it is at this stage that the economic interest (motives) of entrepreneurs in the implementation of specific activities (specific goods, works, services, information, technologies, etc.) , but the main thing is that the idea must be implemented in the results that will be recognized by the market. A prospective entrepreneur should not proceed only from the idea “I can produce a product” or the idea “This product is needed by consumers”. Is he needed? The idea should be based on a simple and most important market principle: find a need and satisfy it. First, the search for an unmet need, and then - the organization of the process to satisfy it.
The idea materializes for the purpose of entrepreneurship: meeting needs for systematic profit. At this stage of creating your own business, it is advisable to assess the possibilities of implementing the idea. For this, strategic and tactical goals are formulated, quantitative calculations of certain indicators of the functioning of a small enterprise are carried out.
An important stage in the creation of a small enterprise is the solution of the issue of finances, which are necessary for the formation of the authorized (joint-stock) capital, i.e. solving the question of where to get the money necessary to create your own enterprise, and therefore, to purchase raw materials, materials, energy, fuel, hiring labor and other factors of production. Sources of funds can be their own savings, funds borrowed from relatives, acquaintances, in banks; funds of future consumers; funds received from the issue and sale of securities.
At this stage, the possibilities of acquiring or renting real estate, obtaining the necessary information, using new technologies, etc. are determined. At this stage, specific goals are determined to create all the necessary conditions for the operation of the enterprise and making a profit.
This stage is implemented through the development of projects for individual sections of the business plan, which receives the final formation (and expert assessment) upon completion of the creation of its own small business.
At the previous stages, the entrepreneur (together with partners) must decide on the choice of the organizational and legal form of a small enterprise based on the intended goals, financial and economic capabilities, experience, knowledge and other factors. The choice of the organizational and legal form of small enterprises is, to a certain extent, influenced by external factors: political stability (if it does not exist, the entrepreneur will not be interested in developing and implementing long-term projects), macroeconomic processes and structural restructuring of the economy, economic crises and inflation, government support and regulation of entrepreneurial activities, market conditions and other factors that must be taken into account when creating your own business and choosing a subject of activity. Important for the success of the activity are:
- location, availability of the infrastructure of the firm's activities, favorable attitude towards entrepreneurs of local self-government bodies.
A large (if not decisive) value is played by the rate of turnover of funds invested in creating your own business.
An important role in the process of creating your own business is played by the development of constituent documents (depending on the organizational and legal form and the number of founders), which establish virtually the entire mechanism of the enterprise's functioning. When developing a charter and (or) a constituent agreement, a future entrepreneur should be guided by the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the provisions of federal laws on certain organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurship and other regulations.

Conclusion
Knowing how to properly organize, register your company and plan your subsequent activities - these are the main components necessary for an entrepreneur to succeed in the modern market. Correctly, competently drawn up strategic plan for the development of the created enterprise is an important component of the success of the enterprise in the future. The development of a specific business plan in most cases is a creative process based on taking into account not only the general laws of the business, but also the specific conditions, personal experience and knowledge of the entrepreneur
However, the success of a new enterprise in the market also depends on the idea that this enterprise carries in itself, the definition of its market. New ideas bring improvement, development, are the engine not only of the economic aspect of social development, but of development as a whole.
For success in business, it is important not only to correctly define the market for oneself, but also to find on it one's own, often very narrow area, a place that has not yet been occupied or is underutilized by competitors - a “niche” of the market, that is, a limited area of ​​entrepreneurial activity. focused on a specific consumer and allowing a businessman to realize his opportunities in the most efficient way. Searching for a "niche" in the market is like looking for free space, a vacuum that needs to be filled as soon as possible. In essence, the "niche" of the market is a combination of urgent and fully realized needs and problems of society in something not fully realized, non-traditional forms, methods, methods of their solution and satisfaction.
In the economy of any country, it is possible to profitably discover and fill thousands and thousands of "niches" even in traditional and long-shared markets. Many successful companies grow fast not because their management was eager to create a new product, but because they introduced the same products or services to the market as other firms in the same industry, but in a completely different way.
Most of the problems of starting your own business in our country are associated with the existing system of registration and registration of an enterprise by the state. In most developed countries, the entire process of registering a new enterprise takes a total of about two days. In our country, this process is delayed for several weeks. This is primarily due to the strict control of the state over entrepreneurship, the imperfection of the system of registration of enterprises, the lack of the state's desire to promote the broad development of entrepreneurship. But, despite all this, most of the goods and services on the market are provided by entrepreneurs. Increased attention should be paid to the development of entrepreneurship in modern market conditions in Russia, since entrepreneurship affects the economic growth and well-being of the country.

References

1. Busygin A. V. Entrepreneurship. - M .: Delo, 1999.
3. Individual entrepreneurs: legal basis of activity, accounting, taxation - M .: CJSC "Publishing house" Glavbuh ", 2003.
etc.................