Production of polymer sand tiles business plan. Polymer sand tile. Production of polymer sand tiles at home

POLYMER SAND PRODUCTS LINE

The line for the production of polymer sand products (hereinafter LPPI) is intended for the manufacture of polymer sand products (sewer hatches, GTS hatches, tiles, roofing elements of varying complexity, paving slabs, road curbs, posts, road and sidewalk gratings, MAF, etc.)

Thus, LPPI is equipment for the production of polymer-sand tiles, equipment for the production of polymer-sand tiles, equipment for the production of polymer-sand hatches, equipment for the production of all kinds of other polymer-sand products.

Compared to traditionally used cement paving slabs and ceramic tiles, polymer sand products have a number of unique properties. They are two times lighter, have almost zero water absorption, are more than two times stronger for bending, have excellent frost resistance (more than 150 frost cycles), have low abrasion, which is especially important for paving slabs.

Appointment

PURPOSE OF THE LINE FOR PRODUCTION OF POLYMER SAND PRODUCTS BOUTI:

The line for the production of polymer-sand products (hereinafter referred to as the line) is intended for the manufacture of polymer-sand products (tiles, roofing elements of varying complexity, paving slabs, road curbs, road posts, sewer manholes, GTS manholes, small architectural forms, elements of road construction, IN TOTAL MORE THAN 20 KINDS OF PRODUCTS AT THE DESIRE OF THE CUSTOMER, etc.).

The raw materials for the production of polymer-sand products are primary polymers, secondary polymer raw materials and polymer waste: polyethylene waste, used polyethylene film, polymer waste, secondary polymers, various polymers (PET, LDPE, PVC, HDPE, PP, PS) and plastic obtained when sorting and selecting municipal waste, as well as sifted sand and pigments dyes.

Advantages of equipment for the production of polymer sand products and the selected technology:

Availability of cheap secondary polymer raw materials (bags, greenhouse film (second-hand), industrial waste of polymer production).
The ability to work in a long production cycle (2-3 shifts).
The manufactured products during the production process can be painted in any color at the request of the Customer.
High level of profitability, not less than 100%.
A small staff of workers.
Small footprint, compact placement.

Part of the equipment

THE STANDARD PACKAGE INCLUDES:

Installation of heating sand with a flyover(designed for heating sand):

Overall dimensions: 3000x3400x3100 mm
Heating power: 19.2 kW
Sand volume: 0.13 m3
Hopper weight (without sand): 400 kg
Productivity: 150-250 kg / h

Polymer concrete mixer(intended for a mixture of sand and polymers and extrusion of the finished mass):

Overall dimensions: 3500x900x1400 mm
Motor power: 15 kW
Heating power: 12.5 kW
Weight: 907 kg
Productivity: 150-500 kg / h

Press 100 t / s(one for all molds of products, designed for pressing polymer-sand mass into finished products):

Overall dimensions: 2200x1450x960 mm
Weight: 2.5
Drive: 4 kW
Pressing force: 60-100 t / s

Switchboard(designed to control the technological equipment of the line):

Overall dimensions: 660х510х1900 mm

Agglomerator of polymeric materials:

Overall dimensions: 1200x620x1600 mm
Motor power: 18.5 kW
Weight: 450 kg
Productivity: 150-200 kg / h

Designed for shredding of plastic film waste and obtaining an agglomerate suitable for further processing in extruders and injection molding machines into finished products.

Shredder of polymers and films(designed for grinding polymers for further production of polymer sand mixture):

Overall dimensions: 1325x1156x1843 mm
Motor power: 15 kW
Weight: 1 t
Productivity: 180-200 kg / h

Press forms- according to the catalog of molds.

Received products: tiles, roofing elements of varying complexity, paving slabs, road curbs, road posts, sewer hatches, small architectural forms, road construction elements.

Photo

Sand heating installation:

Polymer concrete mixer:

Switchboard:

Shredder of polymers and films:

Products and services

Below are some samples of products obtained on the line for the production of polymer sand products: polymer sand tiles, tiles, hatches.

Video

Line for the production of polymer sand products in operation.

Frequently asked questions about polymer sand products

How long has polymer sand tiles been present on the Russian market?

For the first time, this finishing material appeared in the early 2000s, when imported technologies for the manufacture of composite products from a polymer-sand mixture (sand, polymer, pigment) were introduced into Russian steel production. From that moment on, the products of this product group have been confidently leading in the implementation of various projects, constituting a serious competitor to their concrete and metal counterparts. Our company has been working in this direction since 2007, which allows us to speak about serious experience in the production of polymer sand products. According to our data, more and more users trust the finishing materials of this category, who have been able to evaluate in practice the numerous advantages of polymer road surfacing.

What is the scope of polymer sand paving slabs?

Polymer sandy tiles can be laid on almost any site - sidewalks, garden paths, industrial premises, service stations, livestock complexes, including private garages. At the same time, the area of use is not limited to climatic conditions. A prerequisite for the installation of polymer functional decor in areas with increased weight impact is the presence of a concrete base on which a sand cushion is installed.

How to pave the porch with polymer tiles?

When installing tiles on the porch, it is recommended to use a metal corner as a fixing stop. Otherwise, the process is similar to the usual installation on a cement-sand base, followed by filling the joints with a cement-sand mixture on a dry basis. The allowed joint size is 6-8 mm.

How to install the tiles on the base / plinth and the flat roof in use?

During installation work of this type, special support supports are used for piece elements. In order to lighten the weight of the structure, the tiles are laid on a layer of fine gravel, which is installed directly on the roof waterproofing.

Is it advisable to install polymer paving slabs in car washes?

In this case, there are risks of washing out the fillings of the tile joints, which sooner or later will lead to deformation of the surface, so it is better to use tile adhesive. At the same time, tiles can be successfully used for paving car services and parking lots as a chemically passive material with high climatic resistance.

How to cut polymer tiles?

Using the usual "grinder". Moreover, in this case, dust and waste will be much less than when sawing a concrete analogue.

How does polymer tile react to the main climatic factors?

Due to the extremely minimal porosity and low water absorption coefficient, the use of this road decor, unlike conventional paving stones, does not deform under the influence of rains and cold weather.

Equipment for the production of polymer sand products

At the same time, polymer tiles perfectly withstand critical heat, practically not fading under the influence of active ultraviolet radiation.

What weight loads are polymer tiles designed for?

It all depends on the thickness of the piece decor. Terrace tiles with a thickness of 22 mm are intended for paving pedestrian pavements and landscape areas for a wide variety of purposes. The 35mm thick paving slabs can easily support the weight of a truck.

What are the environmental characteristics of polymer sand tiles?

This finishing material is made from three main components - natural sand, polymer (stretch and LDPE) and coloring pigment. The last two components have the highest environmental safety, which is reflected in the corresponding certificates. And the ecological purity of the prepared sand raises no questions.

Is it possible to reuse polymer paving slabs in other areas?

This high-quality road decor is deformation-free, even after extended use. Therefore, dismantling allows the re-use of the tiles for pavement of the corresponding specification. The created surfaces are characterized by high maintainability, allowing you to quickly replace damaged piece elements without much labor costs.

What are the features of the operation of polymer sandy paving slabs in the winter season?

Polymer tiles are favorably distinguished by their anti-slip coating, which provides good adhesion of the soles or wheels of vehicles to the working surface. Snow and ice can be easily removed from the respective areas. At the same time, even accidental strong blows of scrap are not capable of fatally damaging piece elements, which have an enviable impact strength. At any slightest thaw, the tile, like a small heat accumulator, immediately absorbs the necessary portion of heat, which contributes to the rapid thawing of the ice crust without outside interference.

How long does the color of the tiles last when exposed to active sunlight?

If the manufacturer conscientiously observes the technology for the production of polymer sand products, namely, the percentage of the components of their quality. For example, if the production process does not save on pigment dye, the tile will look attractive throughout its entire service life (up to 25 years). This priority is ensured by the principle of production technology, which forms a combination of pigment with other components at the molecular level. That is, the color of the finished tile is its natural physical and chemical state.

As for pricing, in this case, you can directly buy polymer sand paving slabs from the manufacturer without unnecessary trade margins.

How strong heat affects the strength of the tile flooring?

With active prolonged exposure to sunlight, the tile can expand within the tile joints, that is, in a linear order. Such changes are incorporated in the technical operating conditions. Thus, there can be no question of any serious deformation, let alone subsidence or "swelling" of the surface.

Can polymer tiles "swell" after installation during use?

Only in the case of non-compliance with the laying technology - as a result of incorrect selection of components for the "pillow", creating too large or small seams, as a consequence of poor-quality ramming, etc. Subject to all technical recommendations (TR - 158-04) on the construction of sidewalks, there should be no problems with the operation of polymer tiles!

Production of polymer sand tiles, paving slabs, hatches

PhotogalleryDelivery Production Certificates

The raw materials used in the production of polymer-sand tiles are polymeric materials in various forms: packaging, plastic containers, household products. More and more goods are packaged in polymers, and the range of building materials made from plastics is growing. Preparation of raw materials

The proposed technology for the production of polymer-sand tiles from polymer waste involves cleaning and deep sorting of raw materials. It is proposed to adhere to the ratio of 40-50 / 60-50 so-called soft (polyethylene) and hard (polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS plastics, PET, etc.) polymers. In addition to polymers, sand is required in the production of tiles. It is used as a filler and must be dry, sieved without clay and dust inclusions. It doesn't matter what color the sand is and what origin. Permissible sand fraction up to 3 mm. Another filler can be used, which is more available in the selected area, but before its industrial use, it is necessary to study its effect on the quality of the product.

Pre-processing of raw materials

In the first stage, the selected and sorted plastics are crushed on a crushing machine. It is desirable to have a 50/50 ratio of hard and soft polymers. For example: polyethylenes behave better at low temperatures and it is easier to obtain gloss on the product, but "hard" polymers will add rigidity and strength when heated in the sun. Working with a granulate or polymer of the same brand is better and more convenient. The result is a geometrically even and correct tile. The polymer-sand shingles are obtained the better, the more uniformly the polymers and sand are mixed.

Preparation of polymer sand mass

After the first crushing, the plastic enters the extrusion machine, where it is mixed under heating. Any chemist will say that it is impossible and unscientific to mix dissimilar polymers; it's like mixing kerosene with water. But such a task is not posed - to mix polymers at the molecular level, it is enough to mix them using the viscosity properties of molten polymers. In the structure of polymeric materials, a large place is occupied by polyethylene and polypropylene films. They are added to the extrusion machine without shredding. The operator removes the resulting polymer-sand mass with the consistency of yeast dough at the exit from the extrusion unit of the line with a mitten, and throws a ball (agglomerate up to 100 mm.) Into the water for cooling. The agglomerate, taken out of the water, not completely cooled down, but already hardened, dries quickly, cooling down. All the cooled agglomerate is subjected to repeated grinding into chips with a fraction size of up to 1-10 mm. Thus, a ready-made raw material for a polymer-sand mixture is obtained.

Obtaining polymer sand mass and forming shingles

This stage of the production of polymer sand tiles is the final one. Some people separate it from the harvesting area, place it in a separate room. In addition to aesthetic considerations (the preparation of a polymer averaged mixture is accompanied by the release of gases, and requires the provision of extraction), there are also practical benefits: it is easier to control and account for it. Mixing of sand, polymers and dyes takes place in a thermo-mixing unit (Melting-Heating Unit). It is important to keep the mass of the mixture in the ALP constant, adding new portions as the finished mass is consumed. The crushed polymer-sand mass is mixed with sand and dyes in different proportions, depending on the product. For, for example, shingles, this ratio is 29/70/1, and for paving slabs it can be 24/75/1.
The ratio of sand and polymers also affects performance - the mass that contains more sand and will heat up longer. This property should be taken into account when calculating the cost price and accounting for products.
It is important to get a high-quality mixture - sand particles should be completely enveloped in polymers, without gaps. This is achieved by a unique shaft design, calculated by "Polymer Technology" in Orsk. More precisely, not calculated, but tortured by experimental designs and scientific research. As a result, the blades on the shaft are located so that when the shaft rotates, the speed of the mass advance is different in 3 heating zones, which ensures complete polymer melt and high-quality mixing with the filler.
By the way, in this unit we see some design flaws, the change of which leads to an increase in the productivity of the entire line.
Thus, the resulting polymer sand mass with an outlet temperature of about 170-190 degrees and the consistency of a tight dumpling dough is squeezed out of the machine after opening the damper. The operator cuts off the required amount with a knife, weighs it on the scales, and having received the required amount (about 2 kg.), Puts it into the mold with an ordinary scoop.

Price for polymer sand equipment

The mold, mounted on a press with a movable bottom plate, is cooled in different ways.
The upper part has a temperature of about 80 degrees, and the lower 45, or is cooled as much as possible, for the fastest forming of the tiles (30-50 sec).
This is done to create a gloss on the outside of the polymer sand tile, the polymer is squeezed upward, filling the pores between the filler. This is another secret of the technology. Although such uneven cooling can cause the shingles to bend, for which purpose they are laid on a cooling table and pressed down with a load before final shaping.
To obtain a matte surface of polymer-sand tiles, it is enough to cool the upper mold as much as the lower one. It is used for the production of polymer-sand paving stones. No colorant may be added and the product is gray in color, like concrete.

Manyweb.ru catalog, construction, repair, arrangement

NOT BUY FROM US IF DON'T BELIEVE US!

Most manufacturers motivate the overpricing of their polymer-sand products by the high cost of high-quality raw materials. But this is correct only when the manufacturer does not have the equipment and production facilities for the preparation of polymer raw materials on their own.

Read more about the production of polymer-sand products at Polisand.

NOT BUY FROM US IF DON'T BELIEVE US!

Time is running fast and everything around is changing. For now, we all communicate using cell phones, although some 15 years ago it was an unaffordable luxury. You look out into the courtyard: instead of wooden swings in almost all courtyards, there are brand new, "vandal-proof" children's attractions on the playgrounds. Break them - don't break them ... They won't break anyway. New technologies make it possible to increase the consumer qualities of a product several times over.

Who would have thought that there would be paving slabs that do not crack from impacts, do not absorb moisture and do not deteriorate over time? Over the past decade, we have become accustomed to the fact that new technologies bring relief to our daily work, accelerate work processes and decisions, and improve the quality of life in general. And we are ready to take the risk and try to lay out the sites and paths of our beloved summer cottage with new tiles, but ... only if it lasts long enough to justify the investment made. The only thing that holds back is the questions that arise before using a novelty that has not been tested by time: what if it darkens or burns out in the summer? How will she get through the winter? Will it crack? And in general - the manufacturer writes only about positive qualities, what if it will be worse than the classic cement one? What if it will be harmful, will it emit any odors or gases when heated?

We will try to answer the questions that inevitably arise from the buyer.

It is safe to say that any product in this category, manufactured conscientious manufacturer, is of high quality and will last a long time. And one more thing: the equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles is expensive.

Overview of machines for the manufacture of polymer sand tiles

And its cheap analogues do not exist. In a garage, you cannot make such a tile using a handicraft method, unlike cement. And it will not be possible to greatly reduce the cost of technology due to the use of low-quality cheap materials. By the way, high-quality concrete tiles are made only by large companies, and they are expensive, and everything else that is sold in the markets is cheaper and will last less. That is, in most cases, the quality of polymer sand tiles should certainly be higher.

As for odors, it is necessary to refer to the composition of the polymer-sand composite. Composition: quarry sand (75%), a mixture of plastics (25%): high and low pressure polyethylene (permitted for food storage and absolutely safe plastics with marking and in the international system), and a heat-resistant dye. These components are heated at a temperature of 250 ° C. These plastics are absolutely harmless and, when heated, do not emit carcinogenic substances into the atmosphere. In addition, you need to understand that 75% of the product still consists of sand, and plastic is a binder.

In general, the presence of plastic as a binder (in comparison with cement - a binder in concrete tiles) gives advantages to polymer-sand tiles.

Let's take a look at all the properties in order:

+ Water repellent properties plastic gives the polymer-sand tile practically zero water absorption, and this extends the service life of the polymer-sand tile up to 20 years without destruction. Polymer sand tiles do not collapse during thaws with sudden temperature changes. Let us recall physics: during a phase transition from a liquid to a solid state (ice), water increases in volume, which leads to the fact that water, absorbed into the pores of the product, and then freezing, increases in volume and literally breaks the tile with high water absorption from the inside. That is why it happens that in the spring on freshly laid last fall concrete paving stones and paving slabs are already showing signs of destruction. And the polymer sand tiles are whole and dry.

+ Water resistance of polymer-sand products makes them attractive also because on the surface of products ice does not form in winter- the tile does not slip at all, and the snow is easily removed with a shovel.

+ Low water absorption explains and increased frost resistance of the material(i.e. full freeze-thaw cycles in a state of full moisture saturation) - more than 500 cycles.

+ Plastic is lighter than concrete, therefore polymer sand products 3-4 times lighter than concrete(this allows for easy loading / unloading, manual posting on a track or track). This property enables our customers to independently organize the delivery and laying of garden paths, blind areas, porches and burial sites. This property of the polymer-sandy material was quickly appreciated by electrical installation companies - a plate for closing a cable made of a polymer-sandy composite has completely replaced the brick for protecting cable lines of 0.4-35 kV in two to three years from the moment of invention.

Anyone who at least once tried "in work" products made of polymer-sand composite does not refuse them any more - their use is very convenient and affordable.

+ The presence of polyethylene in the composition gives products unique impact resistance- plastic is more elastic and binding material, giving advantages in stress tests. Polymer sand tiles with a thickness of 20 mm withstand the load of pedestrian zones, comparable to the load on concrete tiles or paving stones with a thickness of 40 mm! In addition, it belongs to the "anti-vandal" materials - such material can only be split with considerable effort. Polymer sand tiles do not break during transportation and when dropped.

+ The plastic covers every grain of sand and paint in the mixture and, when melted, provides uniform color throughout the entire mass of the product. In addition, the colorability of plastic is higher than that of cement - such products are brighter, their color is more resistant, paint is not subject to fading... Provided that pigments with high hiding power are used, polymer-sand materials do not lose their color for a long time, continuing to delight with the brightness of their color even after several years.

+ Plastic is known to durable material that is not destroyed by time. It transfers these properties to polymer-sand products. The declared lifetime of the coating without destruction is 20 years.

+ The properties of plastic also give the material: acid resistance, alkali resistance, low abrasion, non-sparking... This is important for coatings with high traffic (entrance groups), as well as coatings: garages, industrial premises, livestock farms, etc.

± Plastic, as a binder, transfers paving slabs from the non-combustible (NG) section to the section slightly flammable (G1) and hardly flammable(IN 1). The material in the fire does not burn or melt (since it contains ¾ of sand), but charred. This means that when in an open flame for a long time, the polymer sandy material may start to smolder, however, as soon as the fire source dries up, smoldering will stop immediately.

+ Environmental friendliness of polymer sand composite indisputable - "food" plastic, construction sand and dye - are absolutely inactive at high temperatures and in aggressive environments and are harmless to humans. These are not harmful plastics, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS), which release toxic compounds when exposed to them. In polymer sand production, it is simply impossible to work with such plastics - after all, the production is carried out by the method of high-temperature processing, which is possible only for harmless plastics.

± Plastic imparts longitudinal thermal expansion to polymer sand products. At an unstable temperature (sharp warming) in the bright sun, a slight increase in geometric shapes in horizontal surface- up to 1-2 mm. The solution is to leave gaps between the plates - 3-5 mm. If this fact is not taken into account, it is possible to push individual slabs out of the coating - perhaps the tile will rise like a "house" and the covering will have to be shifted. This feature must be taken into account when laying, especially since not only polymer sand tiles have such features - even concrete slabs on the track rise from the heat "hill".

The expansion of polymer-sand tiles should not worry gardeners - after all, they do not have a question of strictly fixing their cover - for the device of paths, the tiles are laid on the ground with a sand cushion (prepared area) and tamped with a mallet. From the sides of the track, you need to securely fasten with curbs. If the thermal seams are observed, this coating will serve for many years without requiring re-laying. If, when laying tiles, geotextiles are used as a substrate, then the issue of aggressive growth of weeds will be resolved - only small weeds with a superficial root system can appear on such paths after a while, which are easily removed from time to time.

By the way, the reverse process does not occur in winter - the tile does not shrink when cooled, but remains within its linear dimensions.

± The presence of plastic reduces the adhesion (adhesion of surfaces) of polymer-sand tiles and cement mortar- on the cement mortar, the tile will be held due to the presence of internal grooves into which the mortar will fall. Laying on a layer of a mortar bed is allowed (maximum thick sand-cement mortar). However, tile adhesive, such as EK-3000, with filling the joints with grout or sealant in the color of the coating, fixes polymer sand tiles to the concrete coating much better.

+ And finally, plastic in the composition of products gives ease of handling(angle grinder is used, the so-called "grinder", cut-off wheel for stone), is cut smoothly, easily, without "fight" and cement dust as when sawing concrete tiles.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Department of Economics and Entrepreneurship in Construction

Course work

on the topic "Business plan for the production of polymer sand tiles"

Kazan 2016

1.1 Characteristics of the enterprise

1.2 Product characteristics

2.1 Determination of demand

2.2 Selecting the target segment

2.3 Competitor Analysis

3.Production plan

4. Organizational plan

4.1 Business Schedule

4.2 Organizational structure

4.3 Staffing table

5 marketing plan

5.1 Pricing Methods

5.2 Distribution channels

6.Risk plan

6.1 Methods for accounting for project risks

6.2 Determination of the discount rate

6.3 Design sensitivity analysis

6.4 Measures to reduce risks

7 financial plan

7.1 Sources of funding

7.2 Analysis of indicators of financial performance of the project

7.3 Analysis of the indicator of the commercial efficiency of the project

7.4 Analysis of the profit statement

7.5 Analysis of the balance sheet

7.6 Analysis of the cash flow statement

7.7 Break-even analysis

7.8 Social, budgetary, and environmental performance of the project

List of sources used

Business plan development goals:

1. Justification of the effectiveness of creating an enterprise for the production of polymer sand tiles;

2. Justification of the need to attract a bank loan;

3. Determination of project performance indicators;

The objectives of this investment project:

1. Opening of the enterprise "Kazan polymer-sand tile" and its introduction into the market;

2. Return of funds invested in the project;

3. Sales of manufactured products and making a profit in the future;

Business plan development tasks:

1. Describe the goals and profitability of the investment project;

2. Assess the enterprise's ability to implement the project;

4. Analyze the danger that the goals presented in the project may not be achieved;

5. Choose the optimal project financing scheme;

Brief description of the project:

This business plan proposes a project to create a limited liability company "Kazan polymer-sand tiles" for the production of polymer-sand tiles for the construction and repair of residential buildings, offices and industrial premises.

The main type of products is polymer-sand tiles with parameters: 400x310x50mm.

The offered products have the following main advantages:

* The material has high impact resistance. This property greatly affects the economy in the production and transportation of tile products. It is not a secret for anyone that when transporting almost all materials, a certain percentage of the goods must be written off "for battle". In this case, this does not happen.

* Water-repellent properties, there will be no mildew and mildew on the tiles. There will be no such problems with polymer tiles, since they have the property of sound absorption. Quartz river sand, which serves as a filler for PPC, is "baked" during production. This factor, together with high quality dyes, allows you to maintain the original color throughout the entire period of operation.

* The rafter system can be attributed to the indirect advantages of the PPC. The rafters do not need to be additionally reinforced, since the standard rafter system is designed according to the principle of 300 kg per 1 m2. The weight of the roofing material itself is no more than 22 kg. Similar types of roofing polymer shingles have an analogue and a competitor. A very similar product in shape and purpose, which has long won an honorable place in the sales market among roofing materials - a roof made of sand and cement.

* The production of cement-sand tiles does not require the purchase of a large amount of equipment and costs, which affects the cost. In a tile production plant, the concrete mix is pressed into the desired shape and then cut to the required size.

* It is heat and moisture resistant, and its weight ranges from 40 to 47 kg per running meter.

* The material is strong and has a durability of up to 30 years.

The price of our products is competitive and well below the average price.

The planned volume of production is 14,400 sq. M. per month.

The project will be financed from its own and borrowed funds. Own funds will be invested in the amount of 10,000 rubles. The borrowed funds are presented in the form of a loan (8,000,000 rubles) at VTB24 Bank at 19% per annum under the Business Start program.

Funds required for financing - 5,604,000 rubles.

Indicators of the commercial efficiency of the project:

· Project life - 15 sq.

Simple payback period of the project - 0.57 years

Discounted payback period - 0.60 years

· The net present value of the NPV project is equal to 12 669 000 rubles.

· Return on investment (PI) - 5.11 rubles.

Thus, this project is acceptable for implementation, has a sufficient margin of financial stability.

Indicators of financial performance of the project:

· Sales proceeds - 83,371,000 rubles.

· Cost - find in the viola and deliver 1,774,000 rubles.

· Net profit - 24,857,000 rubles.

The calculations of indicators that characterize the economic, commercial and budgetary efficiency of an investment project presented in this business plan indicate that the project is effective and attractive for financing.

shingles marketing financial risk

1. General characteristics of the enterprise

1.1 Industry profile

The building materials market today offers many options for arranging a roof. The range is so wide that you can spend a lot of time choosing the perfect roof. Since the roof is directly exposed to environmental influences, it must be waterproof, moisture resistant, resistant to aggressive chemicals and sudden temperature changes. Should not be subject to warping, cracking and should not collapse.

In modern industry, various wastes are increasingly being used, including PET bottles and films. This plastic waste that has filled urban landfills can be reused for the production of much-needed roof tiles and even curbs and facing stones. Such products are called polymer-sand, in contrast to traditional cement-sand.

Polymer shingles are a new generation roofing material. It looks like ceramic, but it is made of sand and ultra-high-filled thermo-layers by pressing. Such tiles are very durable (at least 50 years), resistant to water, acids, aggressive environment. Polymer base protects against decay, mildew and fading. In addition, it does not rust, does not attract electricity, and does not require a lightning rod.

1.2 Characteristics of the enterprise

1. Limited Liability Company "Kazanian Polymer-sand tile" - "Kazan polymer sand tile" - "KPPCH"

2. Date and place of state registration: in the UFK of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for the Republic of Tatarstan (IFTS of Russia for the Vakhitovsky district of Kazan) on January 1, 2016.

3. Legal address - LLC "Kazanskaya Polymer Sandy Tile" registered at the address: Alabastrovaya, 2a.

4. Organizational and legal form: Limited Liability Company.

5. Amount of the authorized capital: 10,000 rubles.

6. Information about the founders and management team:

Director of LLC "Kazan polymer sand tile" - Kafiatullina Munira Amirovna.

Date of birth 30.05.90, passport series 92 07 No. 300594, issued on 30.03.08, Department of Internal Affairs of the Soviet district of Kazan. The address. Russia, RT, Kazan, st. Gvardeyskaya, 59, apt. 94.

Education: KGASU, specialty - Production management.

Accountant "Kazan polymer sand tile": Sukhanova GA, Date of birth 16.11.78, passport series 92 05 No. 300893, issued by the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Kirovsky district of Kazan. Address: Russia, RT, Kazan, st. Uprising 30.

Education: KFU, specialty - accounting and auditing, 15 years of experience in this field.

The founder is one person with experience in managing similar organizations. In organizing a business project for the production and production of polymer sand tiles, the entire authorized capital belongs to Kafiatullina M.A. in the amount of 100% - 10,000 rubles.

7.Main activity: OKVED code: 26.30 (Production of tiles for use in construction)

8.INN / PSRN: 1961196219/9219940510112

Main bank details: RS No. 1237894561114161719245 at VTB Bank 24 under the Business Start program.

Bank details of JSC VTB 24:

RS No. 1237894561114161719245

Correspondent account: 12378945600000000305 Kazan

BIK 785147324

PPC 305194190

INN 7707085419

OKATO code 45319633577

The enterprise will be engaged in the production of polymer sand tiles.

The workers have experience in this field of activity.

The brick production workshop and the office of this enterprise will be located on the street. Teachers' house 2a.

1.3 Product characteristics

Polymer shingles are a modern type of roofing that comes to the rescue of those who have to find a compromise between high quality and affordable price. Sand-polymer tiles combine the best qualities of natural material, but at the same time they cost much less. The service life of this coating can be envied: with a factory warranty of up to 20 years, the technical characteristics of the material allow the tiles to be used for about a hundred years, while not requiring major repairs.

Polymer shingles have the following characteristics:

1. Weight 1pc. - 2.2 kg.,

2. The weight of the ridge tile is 1.8 kg. (weight 1 m2 - 16.2 kg)

3. Size 1 piece. - 405 x 315

4. Quantity per 1 m2 - 9 pcs.

PPCs are made from polyethylene and propylene, which are thermoplastic polymers, with the addition of the necessary dyes. Calcined river sand acts as a filler.

How and from what is a polymer sand tile made? In the manufacturing process, equipment for polymer tiles is used. There are a lot of polymers around us, and for recycling they need to be crushed. For this, a rotary polymer grinder or crusher is used. After the desired polymers have been processed by a crusher, they need to be melted into a homogeneous mass. This will help an extruder - an apparatus for melting polymers. The remelted mass must be mixed with a filler, which is used as sand, and to achieve a certain color of the starting material. At this stage, a thermo-screw machine, or APN, is used. It is she who mixes the molten polymers with sand and the necessary coloring pigment. At the exit, a heated mass is obtained, ready for formation. Special mention should be made of coloring pigments. The dyes added to the polymer mixture must be heat resistant and of high quality. They must also have light stabilizing properties. This will protect the roof from UV rays. If these requirements are met, the roof will have its original color for the entire period of operation. At the same time, equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles and its quality are of great importance. The viscous mass obtained as a result of processing must be given the required shape. The end result is achieved with a press. The mass is poured into the mold necessary for the desired type of product and brought to condition. It would be an oversight not to mention that a sand dryer is also included in the equipment set for the PCB, which greatly facilitates the manufacturing process. The technology for the production of polymer sand tiles, relatively of its high quality, is quite cheap, and therefore this material is one of the leaders in the sales market.

Features of polymer sand tile:

* PPCh is heat-resistant to temperatures from -700C to + 1500C.

* It has a high resistance to mechanical damage, which means that the material will remain intact in the event of a hurricane or hail.

* PPC roofing will not be affected by moss, acid rain and various bacteria.

* These roofs have a low probability of being struck by lightning and do not accumulate static charge, which significantly reduces the likelihood of fire in the building.

* Seasonal shrinkage of the building is inevitable, and this causes deformation of the roof. Temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere also cause deformation. The structure of the PPCh raw material is such that these changes will not harm your roof, since each unit of the product is equipped with a temperature butt joint, and this allows the roof to "stretch". Thanks to these joints, the material is ventilated. This is a very important point, as the building gives off moisture.

2. Analysis of the market and main competitors

2.1 Determination of demand

Determination of demand - an assessment of the potential market capacity, i.e. the total value of goods that residents of a particular region can buy in a certain period of time.

The potential market capacity is the maximum possible sales volume when all potential consumers purchase the product based on the maximum possible consumption level.

The real market capacity is the real (predicted) sales volume of the analyzed product. There are several methods for calculating the real market capacity.

In this business plan, we use the consumption rate method, which includes calculating the income elasticity of demand and calculating the price elasticity of demand.

Income elasticity of demand is the degree to which demand changes with income. The coefficient of the income elasticity of demand is calculated by the formula (Form. 1):

where is the coefficient of income elasticity of demand;

The quantity of goods required in the base year;

The amount of goods required in subsequent years;

Per capita income in the base year;

Per capita income in subsequent years.

To analyze the statistical data for the Republic of Tatarstan for 2014 (baseline) and 2015 (subsequent) year in relation to our industry, we received the following data:

where 570,000 pcs. - the amount of goods (in kind) consumed in the subsequent 2015 in the Republic of Tajikistan;

542000 pcs. - the amount of goods (in kind) consumed in the base year 2014 in the Republic of Tatarstan.

28787 RUB / month - per capita income in the base year 2014.

31465 RUB / month - per capita income in the subsequent 2015 in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Since> 0, an increase in per capita income entails an increase in demand for our products.

Price elasticity of demand is the ratio of relative fluctuations in demand volumes to relative fluctuations in prices. The coefficient of price elasticity of demand is calculated by the formula (form 2):

where is the coefficient of price elasticity of demand;

The demand for the product in the base year;

The demand for the product in subsequent years;

Base year price;

Price in subsequent years.

Having studied the statistical data of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2014 (baseline) and 2015 (subsequent) year in relation to our industry, we obtained the following data:

Consequently, the increase in price led to a slight decrease in demand.

320 RUB sq.m - the price of 1 roll of a square meter of polymer sand tiles in the Republic of Tatarstan;

385 r sq.m - the price of 1 square meter of polymer sand tiles in the next year in the Republic of Tatarstan.

2.2 Selecting the target segment

Segmentation is the process of dividing consumers into groups based on differences in needs, characteristics, behavior. A market segment is made up of consumers who respond in the same way to the same set of marketing drivers.

For the normal functioning of production, the following segmentation was carried out:

1. In terms of income, potential consumers of products can be:

A - buyers with low income;

B - buyers with an average income;

B - high-income buyers.

2. By the types of buildings in which potential consumers live, we will single out the following:

Г - owners of private houses;

D - residents of multi-storey residential complexes;

E - owners of administrative buildings.

We represent this division graphically in the form of a matrix and select the segment that we will focus on.

Table 1

Thus, our company will target middle and high-income buyers of various types of buildings.

2.3 Competitor Analysis

At this stage of the analysis, we collect the necessary information on all possible competitors producing similar goods. As mentioned earlier, there are none in Kazan. However, there are companies that supply products from domestic and foreign manufacturers. The assortment of these products of domestic manufacturers should be taken into account. You should take into account the range of these products, as well as the pricing policy of these companies. The strongest competitors are:

· LLC "Stroitel AG"

· LLC "EuroStroyTech"

· BT LLC

· LLC "Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company"

1. LLC "Stroitel AG"

Stroitel AG LLC was founded in 2000 by a group of professionals who came to the company from various fields and have already accumulated significant work experience. The company very quickly turned into a large-scale industrial and construction enterprise - at the moment, Stroitel AG LLC has all the necessary resources to independently implement the entire range of construction work. In addition, the firm is a partner and dealer of several of the world's largest manufacturers of construction products. At the same time, the specialists of Stroitel AG LLC have the corresponding high qualifications in order to provide a full cycle of services - from consulting and design to work in the framework of complex turnkey projects. It is also worth noting the availability of a system of cumulative discounts that is convenient and beneficial for customers, plus there are corresponding discounts for a large volume of purchases. In addition, the company offers a product reservation service in the warehouse, which allows our customers to receive the necessary materials and goods at a convenient time. Moreover, the company's delivery service allows our customers to significantly save time and resources required to transport the ordered products.

In March 2005, Stroitel AG LLC acquired a new production base. It was deployed in Golitsino (Moscow region, Minsk highway), and its total area is 2 hectares. All the main divisions of the company are currently concentrated here, including the sales department, warehouse terminal, design and service and production divisions.

Among its main advantages, it is worth highlighting high strength, low weight, long service life, ease of installation, maintainability and many others. In addition, polymer sand tiles in their appearance do not differ from natural ones, but at the same time they have a much more favorable price.

To date, the factory has 2 melting and heating units for the production of polymer sand tiles, as well as 2 presses with a semi-automatic temperature control system.

The production capacity of each line reaches 150241 sq.m of polymer sand tiles per year.

To date, this enterprise produces 2 types of polymer sand tiles:

Roof tiles

Ridge tile

The Stroitel AG factory pays great attention to environmental protection issues. The enterprise has 2 regenerative units for cleaning exhaust gases manufactured by Sequa GmbH & Co. Germany.

All manufactured products comply with the sanitary requirements of the Russian Federation. In 2012, the products of the Stroitel AG factory successfully passed the necessary tests and received a Certificate of Compliance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements.

2. LLC "EuroStroyTech"

"European Building Technologies" is a young and dynamically developing company, the main activity is the production and sale of polymer - sand products. For several years our company has established itself as a reliable supplier of quality materials that are in high demand among construction organizations and private buyers. Not stopping at what has been achieved, the team strives to constantly improve the quality of products, expand the range, and introduce new production technologies. The priority direction is the production of Strong tiles, Hardplast cladding panels, as well as drainage systems and borders made of polymer-sand composition. Due to the quality and excellent properties of this material, our products have earned high marks in operation. Since 2012, our company has mastered the production of slabs for cable closure in a trench (PZK), which is used to protect cable lines when they are installed in the ground. Our products are in demand throughout Russia. We invite you to cooperate, both construction and installation organizations, and individuals. We are glad to see you in our store and office, where you can get acquainted and purchase all types of products we offer, as well as receive detailed advice on its use.

The management of the enterprise pays great attention to improving the qualifications of employees. German programmers, managers, mechanics work together with Russian colleagues.

One of the most important factors affecting the quality of the products is the qualitatively high level of raw materials used.

3. BT LLC

The BT company has been a Perm manufacturer of paving slabs and tiles for 14 years.

This company is an exclusive manufacturer of polymer sand and concrete paving slabs and tiles in Perm, in terms of price-quality ratio.

BT LLC manufactures 3 types of products:

1. Polymer sandy paving slabs at low prices.

2. High quality polymer sand tiles from the manufacturer.

3. Fencing borders for beds and flower beds

The material has certificates of conformity, fire safety and an epidemiological conclusion.

BT LLC has a number of advantages that will attract experienced consumers:

· Guarantee up to 50 years.

· The range of products is constantly growing.

· Color matching.

· Flexible system of discounts.

This enterprise is the only manufacturer of this type of product in the Perm Territory. LLC "BT" the company has been on the market for more than 14 years, during this time more than 1,000,000 sq.m. have been produced and covered. roofs.

The partners are such companies as:

· LLC "UralDomStroy" general developer of the cottage village "Gorki 2"

· LLC "Derzhava" general developer of townhouses and others, as well as more than 500 individuals.

· Hypermarket "Superstroy"

4. LLC "Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company"

Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company is a young company gradually conquering the market and promoting a new environmentally friendly and durable type of building materials.

This enterprise is focused on the development of such products in this segment as polymer sand tiles, polymer sand tiles, paving stones.

Ш Production:

The plant is equipped with the necessary equipment for the production of high-quality polymer sand products.

The production capacity of the complex is 10,000 square meters of products per month.

W Team:

Professionalism in the understanding of this company is not only a thorough knowledge of all the intricacies of your favorite work, but also a continuous striving forward, to new knowledge, skills and achievements. Professionalism allows them to be more efficient and perfect than competitors.

W Quality:

All links of the production chain work for the client, so the quality of the finished polymer sand product is priority # 1. Accordingly, in order to guarantee it at the output, raw materials are carefully selected and controlled - there is no random material in production

Table 2 Comparative analysis of the products of the main competitors of LLC "Kazan polymer sand tile"

Name Indicator	LLC "Stroitel AG"	LLC "EuroStroyTech"		LLC "Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company"	"Kazan polymer sand tile"
Price, rub / piece
Quality			High (4)	High (5)
Reliability
Range
Discount on the volume of production.
Reputation		Positive			New firm

From table 2 it follows that LLC "Kazan polymer sand tile" has the highest score for 2 indicators out of six possible (in terms of price and reliability)

Conclusion: our company will occupy a fairly stable position in the market.

Determination of the competitive position of the firm in the selected market segment.

To analyze the competitive position, we use the matrix (Industry Attractiveness - Competitive Position) developed by the McKinsey consulting company. The positioning of the firm is carried out in the coordinate system. One of the axes is the attractiveness of the market segment, and the other axis is the competitive position of the organization in the selected market segment.

The following parameters were selected to assess the attractiveness of the industry:

1. Market capacity - The total number of goods (in quantitative and value terms) that can be sold in a segment for a certain period of time. The number of possible consumers. The construction segment of the industry is in great demand on the market, so we will give this indicator a score of 4 and assign it a weight of 0.19.

2. Competitive pressure - the number of competing stores, the intensity of competition and the definition of the degree of their security, the assessment of their competitive advantages. Assessment of the level of competition and determination of the degree of security of a trading enterprise. Since in Kazan and the nearest regions they do not produce polymer-sand tiles, therefore, for this indicator, we will set a score of 5 and assign it a weight of 0.25.

3. Resource security - the company has sufficient resources to operate in the market: staff qualifications, access to finance, marketing opportunities, access to market technologies. Due to the low distribution of production (polymer-sand tiles are not developed in the region), we estimate this parameter at 2 points and assign a weight of 0.09.

4. Stability of the segment - Stability of the selected group of consumers, their loyalty to the given retail trade enterprise. For this parameter, due to the absence of competitors in this area, we will estimate it by - 4 points and assign a weight of 0.19.

5. Sufficiency - the potential of the segment, including the duration of the existence of the segment and the rate of its change (growth, decrease). The total number of goods (in quantitative and value terms) that can be sold in a segment for a certain period of time; number of consumers; segment area. Let's estimate this parameter by 3 points and assign a weight of 0.14.

6. Variety of assortment - the higher the variety of assortment in the market, the more difficult it is to differentiate your product from competing products and find a working competitive advantage. Since our production will be focused on high quality polymer-sand tiles, we will estimate the parameter at 3 points and assign a weight of 0.14.

Table 3 Assessment of the attractiveness of market segments

Market segment parameters	Relative weight	Result
Market volume
Competitive pressure
Resource endowment
Segment stability
Adequacy
Variety of assortment

Therefore, the integral estimate is: 0.76 + 1.25 + 0.18 + 0.76 + 0.42 + 0.42 = 3.79.

When assessing a competitive position, the calculation is similar to the previous one, but here we consider the key factors for the success of the organization. (Table 4)

1. Profitability - the segment must provide a certain return on invested capital. In the construction industry, the level of profitability is at a high level, therefore, we estimate it by 4 points and assign the weight - 0.227

2. Segment availability - informational, territorial, material.

According to this parameter, we estimate the production of polymer-sand tiles at 3 points and assign a weight of -0.16.

3. Competence level - the company has sufficient competence to operate in the segment. Therefore, let us estimate the parameter by 3 points and assign the weight - 0.16.

4. Product quality - the company's product is able to meet the key needs of consumers in the target market at an effective level. Since in the production of polymer-sand tiles, we will use exclusively high-quality materials, therefore, we will estimate it by 3 points and assign a weight of 0.253.

5. Likelihood of entry of new players - the prospects for entry of new strong players increase the risk of increased competition and reduced profitability of the industry. Since the construction business in the region is now in a stage of active growth, the likelihood of competitors appearing on the market will be estimated at 1 point and we will assign a weight of -0.1.

6. Solvency of the audience - a decrease in the solvency of the market audience can lead to a decrease in the frequency of use of the product, switching to cheaper analogues or refusal to use a category of products. The unstable situation in the financial market in the country does not ensure a stable paying capacity of the population, therefore, we will estimate the indicator by 1 point and assign a weight of 0.1.

Table 4 Assessment of competitive position

Market segment parameters	Relative weight	Assessment of segment attractiveness	Result
Market volume
Competitive pressure
Resource endowment
Segment stability
Adequacy
Variety of assortment

Assessment of the competitive position of the organization:

0,908+0,48+0,32+1,012+0,1+0,1 = 2,92.

Consequently, according to the table. 3 and 4, the integral assessment of the attractiveness of the industry segments is 3.79, and the assessment of the competitive position is 2.92.

3. Production plan

3.1 Influence of geographic location

LLC "Kazan polymer-sand tile" is going to carry out its activities on the territory of Kazan, but does not have its own premises for these purposes, which would be suitable for organizing production. In order to start our activities, we take this premises for rent in accordance with the parameters we need. These include:

The area of the industrial premises (workshop) is not less than 1500 sq.m.

Office area not less than 100 sq. M.

Availability of communications

Premises that meet our requirements at st. Teachers' house 2a. Moreover, both the office and the workshop are located in the same building, which is an undoubted advantage for the management.

In terms of cost, the rent also fits within the scope of our expenses, namely the price per sq.m. is 150 rubles. For the office we rent 100 sq. M., For the workshop - 400 sq. M.

But also the rental price includes utility bills.

Thus, the total rental costs are: 82,800 rubles per month

150 H 500 = 75,000 rubles.

We also need to take into account utility bills (included in the rental price), because the production of pp-tiles is very energy-intensive.

18000- Utility bills.

3.2 Characteristics of the materials used

This Technical Specification applies to shingles intended for roofing buildings.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. The tiles must comply with the requirements of these Specifications and be manufactured according to the Technological Regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

1.2. Roof tiles are manufactured in two types:

Grooved with two side closures;

Ridge semicircular, conical.

1.3. The following materials are used for the manufacture of tiles:

Sand for construction works in accordance with GOST 8736-85;

Pigment - red lead in accordance with GOST 8135-74 or other mineral pigments.

1.4. The depth of the grooves (folds) of the tiles must be at least 4 mm.

1.5. The height of the tongue of the tiles must be at least 14 mm.

1.7. The shingles must have at least one through hole with a diameter of 4-5 mm in the overlapping part for attaching it to the lathing.

1.8. The tiles should be of regular shape with smooth surfaces and even edges without cracks.

Appearance indicators Permissible deviation:

1. Curvature of the surface and edges (warpage), mm, no more than 3

2. Chipping or crushing of one of the corners length, mm, no more than 5

3. Chipping or crushing of a thorn, no more than 1/4 of the thorn height

1.9. The breaking load during the bending test of the tile must be at least 800N (80 kgf). The strength of the ridge tile is not determined.

1.10. In terms of frost resistance, tiles in a state saturated with water must withstand at least 50 cycles of alternate freezing at a temperature of minus (15 ... 20) ° С and subsequent thawing in water at a water temperature of plus (15 ... 20) ° С without any signs of destruction (stratification, chipping, peeling, cracking).

1.11. Weight 1 sq.m. coverings with grooved tiles in a state saturated with water should be no more than 50 kg, and the mass of running meters should be ridge tiles - no more than 10 kg.

1.12. The shingles must be waterproof, i.e. when tested according to clause 3.6. of these Specifications on the underside of the sample within 3 hours from the start of testing, there should be no water droplets.

1.13. The color of the tiles of one batch must be solid.

1.14. Marking.

1.14.1. Each package (container, package, etc.) must have transport markings in accordance with GOST 14192-77, which indicates:

Product name and date of manufacture;

Batch number;

Number of pieces in a package;

Package weight;

OTK stamp.

1.14.2. Tiles are marked in an amount of at least 20% of the batch on the bottom (not the front) side of the product with quick-drying and indelible paint or in any other way with an indication of the manufacturer or its trademark.

1.15. Package.

1.15.1. The tiles are placed on a pallet or in specialized containers on soft gaskets (cardboard in accordance with GOST 3135-82, wood chips in accordance with GOST 5244-79, etc.) on the edge along the length tightly to one another. Each row in height should be overlapped with thin wooden slats or other cushioning material. The number of rows of tiles, stacked one on top of the other, must be more than 3. By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to use a different type of packaging in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documents.

2. RULES OF ACCEPTANCE

2.1. The acceptance of the tiles must be carried out in batches by the technical control department of the manufacturer.

2.2. The size of the shingle batch is set in the amount of daily production of the manufacturer.

2.3. The shingles must be supplied in a set according to the customer's specification, which must indicate the number of grooved and ridge tiles. In the absence of a specification in each batch, the number of ridge tiles from the total must be written.

2.4. Each batch of shingles supplied must be accompanied by a quality document specifying:

Manufacturer's name and address;

Product name and its symbol;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Type, overall and covering dimensions of the tiles;

Number and date of issue of documents;

Test results;

Designation of these technical conditions.

2.5. To check the compliance of the tiles with the requirements of these technical conditions, acceptance and periodic controls are carried out.

2.6. For acceptance control, samples of tiles are taken from each batch in a pre-agreed order, in an amount of 1% of the batch, but not less than 25 pieces, and tests are carried out according to the following indicators:

Shape, size and appearance - all samples taken;

Water resistance - not less than 5 pieces;

2.7. Periodic control is carried out on tiles selected from among those that have passed the tests according to clause 2.6., According to the following indicators:

Frost resistance - at least 5 pieces;

Mass of 1 m2 of covering of grooved tiles and 1 running meter. ridge tiles in a state saturated with water.

2.8. The frost resistance of the tiles is determined at least once a quarter and every time when the technology or raw materials change.

2.9. The determination of the mass of 1 m2 of covering with grooved tiles and 1 running meter of ridge tiles in a state saturated with water is carried out at least once a month and each time when the technology or raw materials change.

2.10. Upon receipt of unsatisfactory test results for tiles at least for one of the indicators for this indicator, retests are carried out on a doubled amount of tiles taken from the same batch. Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of repeated tests, the batch is not subject to acceptance.

2.11. The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the compliance of the tiles with the requirements of these technical specifications.

3. TEST METHODS

3.1. The appearance of the tiles (the presence of cracks, bumps, crushing of spikes, etc.) is determined visually.

3.2. Determination of the size and correctness of the shape of the tiles is carried out with a steel ruler in accordance with GOST 427-75 with a measurement error of no more than 1 mm.

3.2.1. When measuring the length and width of the tiles, the ruler is applied in two places at a distance of 20 mm from the edge of the tile. The arithmetic mean of the results of two measurements is taken as the length and width of the tiles.

3.2.2. The curvature of the surface and edges of the tile is determined by measuring

the largest gap between the surface or edge of a free-lying tile and the verified surface of the reference plane.

3.2.3. The value of the bounce of the corners is measured with a ruler along the longest length of the bounce.

3.3. Determination of the breaking load for fracture.

3.3.1. Preparing for the test.

Before testing, the lower surface of the tile is leveled with two transverse strips of gypsum mortar 20-30 mm wide, located in the places where the tiles rest on the supports. On the upper surface in the middle of the tiles, one transverse strip is made in the same way at the place of load application.

3.3.2. Testing.

The tested tiles are laid on rigid parallel supports of a prismatic shape with rounded edges with a radius of 10 mm or cylindrical rollers with a diameter of 20-30 mm. The distance between the axes of the supports should be 300 mm. The length of each support must be at least the width of the tile to be tested. The breaking load must be transmitted to the shingles through the rigid prismatic block exactly, in the middle between the supports and evenly distributed along the entire line of contact between the bar and the tile. The loading rate should be (15 ± 5) N per second.

3.4. Tests for frost resistance of tiles are carried out in accordance with GOST 7025-78

The duration of one freezing of tile samples should be 5 hours.

3.5. Determination of the mass of 1 m2 of covering with grooved tiles and 1 running meter of ridge tiles in a water-saturated state. Selected tile samples are placed in a vessel with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C in one row on lining so that the water level in the vessel is at least 2 cm above the top of the samples, and they are kept until full saturation. Thereafter, the samples are removed from the vessel, immediately blotted with a soft cloth, and each sample is weighed. The mass of water flowing from the pores of the sample onto the weighing pan shall be included in the mass of the water-saturated sample. Weighing of each sample, carried out with an error of up to 1 g, must be completed no later than 5 minutes after saturation with water. The weight of one tile (m) in grams is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the weighing results of 5 samples. The number of tiles per 1 m2 of cover (A) is determined with an error of up to a decimal place as the quotient of 1 m2 per average covering area of one tile in square meters (excluding permissible deviations). The mass of 1 m2 of a roofing tile in a water-saturated state (M) is calculated by the formula M = m x A

3.6. Determination of the waterproofing of tiles.

Tile samples are placed face up on the supports. A glass tube with an inner diameter of 25 mm and a height of 200 mm is placed on the front surface of the tile. The gap between the edges of the tube and the surface of the tile is sealed with plasticine, paraffin or other sealing material. The tube is filled with water up to a height of 150 mm and this level is maintained by constantly adding water. During the test, the appearance of water droplets from the underside of the tiles is monitored, which is determined visually or using an automatic device developed by the VNIIstr Institute. Determination of the appearance of a drop using an automatic device consists in fixing the moment of closing the electrical circuit between the electrodes, one of which is lowered into a tube with water, and the other, made in the form of a plate, is installed at a distance of 1 mm from the underside of the tile. At the moment of closing the circuit, the time counter stops with the simultaneous appearance of a sound signal. A shingle is considered to have passed the test if a drop of water does not appear on the underside of the shingles within three hours from the moment the tube is filled with water.

3.7. The uniformity of the color of the tiles is determined as follows:

The shingles together with the reference samples are laid on a slightly inclined shield with an area of at least 1 m2 and at a distance of 10 m is determined visually by comparing with reference samples its uniformity.

4. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

4.1. The shingles are transported by any type of transport in

in accordance with the "Rules for the carriage of goods" in force for this type of transport.

4.2. Transportation of tiles in vehicles must be carried out in

packaged, in special containers.

4.3. Loading and unloading of tiles should be done mechanically using special grippers. It is not allowed to load tiles into vehicles by felling (throwing) and unloading them by dropping them.

4.4. When loading and unloading operations, the safety rules established by GOST 12.3.009-76 must be observed.

4.5. Roof tiles should be stored separately by type in packaged form on pallets or in specialized containers according to the relevant regulatory and technical documentation.

4.6. It is allowed to store tiles without pallets in packages that provide

mechanized loading and unloading.

5. MANUFACTURER'S WARRANTIES

5.1. The manufacturer must ensure that the supplied cement-sand tile meets the requirements of these technical specifications, subject to the conditions of transportation and storage.

4. Organizational plan

4.1 Business Schedule

When drawing up a business schedule, it is necessary to record the most important and key events. It will reflect the specific sequence of actions. For clarity, the business schedule is presented in Table 5.

Table 5 Business schedule of the organization "KPCH" LLC

Key event	Dates (date)	Responsible person
establishment of a company		Director
creation of a product prototype		Technologist
reaching agreements with sales representatives		Director
signing agreements with wholesalers		Accountant
ordering materials in quantities required for the production of the first batches		Storekeeper
start of production		Technologist
receiving first orders		Accountant
delivery of the first consignments		Accountant
receiving the first payments and receipts to the account.		Accountant

4.2 Organizational structure

Organizational structure is a set of ways by which the labor process is first divided into separate work tasks, and then coordination of actions to solve problems is achieved. The organizational structure defines the distribution of responsibilities and authorities within the organization. As a rule, it is displayed in the form of an organization - a graphical diagram, the elements of which are hierarchically ordered organizational units (departments, job positions), horizontal and vertical links.

For the effective functioning of the enterprise, it is necessary that all employees of the organization are in "their places" and fulfill all the duties assigned to them.

LLC "KPPCH" has the following staff. (fig. 4)

Administrative and managerial:

Ш Manager

Ш Accountant

Main production personnel:

Ш Utility workers (2 persons);

Ш Operator of the APN line (2 persons)

Support staff:

Sh Technologist

SH Storekeeper

Ш Cleaning lady (2 persons);

Ш Driver (2 persons).

4.3 Staff schedule

The staffing table is presented in table 6.

Table 6

The total monthly salary of the AUP is 224,000 rubles. In addition, taxes are charged to off-budget funds on the specified salary in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Consider the main responsibilities of the administrative and management personnel.

The director acts as a manager. He makes all production and management decisions. The duties of the director also include the following:

1) Manages the financial and economic activities of the Company, ensures that the Company performs the tasks assigned to it, organizes the work and effective interaction of all structural divisions of the Company.

2) Ensures compliance with the law in the activities of the Company, fulfillment of all licensing requirements when carrying out the activities of the Company in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, organizes the preparation of relevant documents and the implementation of all necessary actions to obtain (renew) a license to carry out the statutory activities of the Company.

3) Ensures that the Company fulfills all obligations to the federal, regional and local budgets, state extra-budgetary social funds, as well as customers and creditors.

4) Organizes the development and implementation of the latest progressive forms of management and organization of labor, scientifically based standards of material, financial and labor costs, the study of market conditions and best practices (domestic and foreign) in order to improve the technical level and quality of work (services) in every possible way.

5) Resolves issues related to the financial, economic and economic activities of the organization, within the limits granted to him by the legislation of the rights, delegates certain areas of activity to other officials of the Company.

6) Ensures and controls the implementation of decisions of the General Meeting of Shareholders, the Board of Directors of the Company, provision of information, reports on the activities of the Company and explanations on the management of the activities of the Company to the General Meeting of Shareholders, the Board of Directors and auditors of the Company.

7) Organizes the provision of the Company with all the necessary material and technical conditions for its activities.

8) Organizes work to provide the Company with qualified personnel, rational use of their professional knowledge and experience, conduct certification and training of employees.

9) Organizes the development and approves the staffing table of the Company, job descriptions for the employees of the Company.

10) Organizes and controls the fulfillment by the employees of the Company of official duties, the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation and internal regulations of the Company, takes measures to eliminate violations and shortcomings in the work of employees.

Requirements for qualifications: higher professional (technical) education and work experience in managerial positions for at least 3 years.

The accountant of the limited liability company "Kazan polymer sand tile" carries out the following activities:

1) Carries out work on maintaining accounting records of property, liabilities and business operations (accounting for fixed assets, inventories, production costs, sales of products, results of economic and financial activities; settlements with suppliers and customers for services provided, etc. .).

2) Participates in the development and implementation of activities aimed at maintaining financial discipline and rational use of resources.

3) Carries out the reception and control of primary documentation for the relevant areas of accounting and prepares them for counting processing.

4) Reflects on the accounts of the accounting transactions related to the movement of fixed assets, inventory and cash.

5) Draws up accounting estimates of the cost of products (works, services), identifies the sources of losses and non-productive costs, prepares proposals for their prevention.

6) Calculates and transfers taxes and fees to the federal, regional and local budgets, insurance contributions to state off-budget social funds, payments to banking institutions, funds for financing capital investments, wages and salaries of workers and employees, other payments and payments, as well as deductions funds for material incentives for employees of the enterprise.

7) Participates in the economic analysis of the economic and financial activities of the organization according to accounting and reporting data in order to identify on-farm reserves, implement a saving regime and measures to improve document circulation.

8) Participates in the inventory of funds, inventory, settlements and payment obligations.

9) Prepares data on the relevant areas of accounting for reporting, monitors the safety of accounting documents, prepares them in accordance with the established procedure for transfer to the archive.

10) Performs work on the formation, maintenance and storage of a database of accounting information, makes changes to the reference and regulatory information used in data processing.

11) Carries out individual service assignments of his immediate supervisor.

Qualification requirements: higher professional (economic) education and work experience in the field of accounting and control for at least 2 years.

Technologist:

1) Develops, using design automation tools, and implements progressive technological processes, types of equipment and technological equipment, automation and mechanization means, optimal production modes for products manufactured by the enterprise and all types of work of various complexity, ensuring the production of competitive products and reducing material and labor costs for its manufacture.

2) Establishes the order of performance of work and the operational route for processing parts and assembling products.

3) Draws up plans for the placement of equipment, technical equipment and organization of workplaces, calculates production capacity and equipment load.

4) Participates in the development of technically justified norms of time (output), line and network schedules, in the development of product designs for manufacturability, calculates the standards for material costs (consumption rates of raw materials, semi-finished products, materials, tools, process fuel, energy), the economic efficiency of projected technological processes.

5) Develops technological standards, instructions, assembly diagrams, route maps, maps of the technical level and product quality and other technological documentation, makes changes to technical documentation in connection with the adjustment of technological processes and production modes.

...

Polymer sand tile production technology

For the production of polymer-sand tiles, three components are required: polymers (primary or secondary), sand of a homogeneous fine fraction without clay inclusions, heat-resistant pigment. For the production of tiles suitable polymers HDPE (low pressure polyethylene), LDPE (high pressure polyethylene), crushed film. The use of recycled polymers will help save on the purchase of raw materials and solve the problem of waste disposal. Secondary polymers are obtained by crushing and granulating industrial waste and polymer products (pipes, containers, packaging materials, films, etc.). At the first stage, polymers are crushed or ready-made polymer chips are purchased.

The second stage of the production of polymer sand tiles includes mixing the components in a proportion of 69% sand, 30% polymer and 1% pigment in a mixing plant. Both mineral and organic pigments can be used. The color of the future tile will depend on the choice of pigment. At the third stage of production, a thoroughly mixed dry mixture is placed in a melting unit (AL). The resulting homogeneous mass, ready for molding, is loaded into molds. In the process of hardening, a homogeneous monolithic high-strength solid structure is obtained. From the form, the tiles are laid out on a flat surface, where they should lie until they cool completely and harden. The finished material is stacked on pallets and sent to storage.

We offer a set of equipment for the production of polymer sand paving slabs:

Shreder RRM-1 for grinding recycled plastic or its modification
Agglomerator AGL-01 for plastic processing
Mixing unit - 2 pieces
Extruder (APN)
Press
Press form
Scales for general use

Equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles allows you to create a finished product of any shape and color, with or without a pattern. A crusher can be purchased for crushing polymers. To organize a business for the production of polymer sandy paving slabs, a heated room is required.

Advantages of equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles:

Profitability. Possibility of using industrial waste as raw material, low energy consumption.
Profitability. The products are in demand on the market, the production costs are paid off in a short time.
Reliability, warranty and warranty service of equipment
Affordable prices.

When ordering equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles, our company, at the request of the customer, will carry out the delivery of equipment, commissioning of equipment, training of specialists, and further maintenance and repair of equipment.

Preparation of polymer sand mass

After the first crushing, the waste plastics go into the extrusion machine, where they are mixed under heating. Any chemist will say that it is impossible and unscientific to mix dissimilar polymers; it's like mixing kerosene with water. But such a task is not posed - to mix polymers at the molecular level, it is enough to mix plastic waste using the viscosity properties of molten polymers.

In the structure of polymer waste, a large place is occupied by polyethylene and polypropylene films. They are added to the extrusion machine without shredding.

The operator removes the resulting polymer-sandy mass with the consistency of yeast dough at the exit from the extrusion unit of the line with a mitten, and throws a ball (agglomerate up to 100 mm.) Into the water for cooling. The agglomerate, taken out of the water, not completely cooled down, but already hardened, dries quickly, cooling down.

It happens that the polymer mass overheats, and it flows out of the extrusion machine onto the floor until the operator turns off the heating. The cooled mass is then suitable for use. All the cooled agglomerate is subjected to repeated grinding into chips with a fraction size of up to 1-10 mm. Thus, a ready-made raw material for a polymer-sand mixture is obtained.

Obtaining polymer sand mass and forming shingles

This stage of tile production is final. Some people separate it from the harvesting area, place it in a separate room. In addition to aesthetic considerations (the preparation of a polymer averaged mixture is accompanied by the release of gases, and requires the provision of extraction), there are also practical benefits: it is easier to control and account for it. And in cases of work in correctional institutions, it is simply necessary because of the regime of the enterprise.

Mixing of sand, polymers and dyes takes place in a thermo-mixing unit (Melting-Heating Unit). It is important to keep the mass of the mixture in the ALP constant, adding new portions as the finished mass is consumed. The crushed polymer-sand mass is mixed with sand and dyes in different proportions, depending on the product. For, for example, shingles, this ratio is 24/75/1, and for paving slabs it can be 5/94/1.

The ratio of sand and polymers also affects performance - the mass that contains more sand and will heat up longer.

This property should be taken into account when calculating the cost price and accounting for products.

It is important to get a high-quality mixture - sand particles should be completely enveloped in polymers, without gaps. This is achieved by a unique shaft design, calculated by "Polymer Technology" in Orsk. More precisely, not calculated, but tortured by experimental designs and scientific research. As a result, the blades on the shaft are located so that when the shaft rotates, the speed of the mass advance is different in 3 heating zones, which ensures complete polymer melt and high-quality mixing with the filler.

By the way, in this unit we see some design flaws, the change of which leads to an increase in the productivity of the entire line.

Thus, the resulting polymer-sand mass with an outlet temperature of about 170-190 degrees and the consistency of a tight dumpling dough is squeezed out of the machine after opening the damper. The operator cuts off the required amount with a knife, weighs it on the scales, and having received the required amount (about 2 kg.), Puts it into the mold with an ordinary scoop.

The mold, mounted on a press with a movable bottom plate, is cooled in different ways.

The upper part has a temperature of about 80 degrees, and the lower 45, or is cooled as much as possible, for the fastest forming of the tiles (30-50 sec).

This is done to create a gloss on the outside of the polymer-sand tile, the polymer is squeezed upward, filling the pores between the filler.

This is another secret of the technology. Although such uneven cooling can cause the shingles to bend, for which purpose they are laid on a cooling table and pressed down with a load before final shaping.

To obtain a matte surface of polymer-sand tiles, it is enough to cool the upper mold as much as the lower one. It is used for the production of polymer-sand paving stones. No colorant may be added and the product is gray in color, like concrete.

There are a lot of materials on the construction market with a wide variety of properties. And many of them can be a source of high income for an entrepreneurial person. We also include the production of polymer sand tiles here. And the main advantage of the organized business will be not only the great demand for products in the market, but also the fact that they can be manufactured on relatively inexpensive mobile equipment. Polymer tile is a building and finishing material based on sand and polymers. He has several positive qualities, for which he won the trust of buyers - strength, frost resistance, durability.

Our business valuation:

Initial investment - from 1,000,000 rubles.

Market saturation is low.

The complexity of starting a business is 5/10.

It is not difficult to open the production of polymer-sand tiles - neither huge investments, nor hiring highly qualified personnel. What does an entrepreneur have to take into account here?

Product receipt process

Generally available and inexpensive components are used as raw materials for the production of finished tiles. You can get them in every region of the country.

Technological scheme for the production of polymer sand tiles

These include:

cleaned sand,
polymers,
pigments.

To reduce the cost of purchasing all the necessary components, you can buy secondary raw materials - they are much cheaper.

As for the exact recipe, everything is strictly individual here - each manufacturer works with its own composition. You can develop a recipe yourself, or you can invite an experienced technologist for consultation.

The technology for the production of polymer sand tiles is extremely simple and does not require any specific skills and knowledge from the entrepreneur (if he decided to carry out all the work with his own hands).

Making polymer sand tiles with your own hands is carried out as follows:

Prepare all ingredients and mix them.
Melting of the raw material.
Pressing products.
Storage of finished products.

Business prospects.

Purchase of equipment for obtaining products

The next thing an entrepreneur will need to do is buy equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles. And even home production will require certain machines.

Line for the production of polymer sand tiles

The technical equipment includes the following items of equipment:

Dispenser - from 30,000 rubles.
Concrete mixer - from 40,000 rubles.
Melting and heating machine - from 350,000 rubles.
Press - from 150,000 rubles.
Molds - from 1500 rubles / piece.

The final price of equipment for polymer sand tiles will depend on the capacity of the machines, their configuration and the degree of automation. The minimum cost of a production line for a mini-workshop and its commissioning is ≈800,000 rubles. And this figure can be much higher if we talk about a more powerful enterprise.

Sales of finished products and profitability of the workshop

The sale of polymer sand tiles, with well-established distribution channels, should bring a high profit to the entrepreneur. And given the demand for products, there is no doubt that many customers will be interested in purchasing high-quality tiles from a direct supplier. It is used for paving roads, interior and exterior cladding.

Products can be sold:

hardware stores and warehouses,
developers,
repair firms,
private buyers.

Despite the fact that the bulk of the profits will come from wholesalers, private buyers should not be discounted. For this, a small pavilion can be organized in the workshop, where the manufactured products will be displayed in front of customers.

The production of polymer sand paving slabs, as practice shows, will begin to pay for itself rather quickly. The launch of a small workshop will require investments of at least 1,000,000 rubles. This will include the following costs:

purchase of the most basic equipment,
preparation for the operation of the premises (supplying light, water and sewerage),
providing a raw material base for the release of the first batch of goods,
company registration.

To calculate the profitability of a planned enterprise, let us take as an example a low-power line with a capacity of up to 50 m 2 of finished tiles in an 8-hour shift. It turns out that more than 1000 m 2 of products can be received monthly. Polymer sandy tiles for a basement stand today on the wholesale market 250-500 rubles / m 2. This means that if you immediately sell all the products produced, the entrepreneur can receive revenue in the amount of 500,000 rubles. And these are excellent profitability indicators for the shop floor in the small business segment.

To calculate net income and total revenue, subtract variable costs:

Production of polymer sand tiles business plan. Polymer sand tile. Production of polymer sand tiles at home

POLYMER SAND PRODUCTS LINE

Appointment

Part of the equipment

Photo

Products and services

Video

Frequently asked questions about polymer sand products

Equipment for the production of polymer sand products

Production of polymer sand tiles, paving slabs, hatches

Pre-processing of raw materials

Obtaining polymer sand mass and forming shingles

Price for polymer sand equipment

NOT BUY FROM US IF DON'T BELIEVE US!

NOT BUY FROM US IF DON'T BELIEVE US!

Overview of machines for the manufacture of polymer sand tiles

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Polymer sand tile production technology

Advantages of equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles:

Product receipt process

Purchase of equipment for obtaining products

Sales of finished products and profitability of the workshop