The title page of the project for the construction of a one-story country house. Preliminary design. Log house project

Development sketch projects are engaged when it is necessary based on the protocol of consideration of a technical solution or a technical task.

The main purpose of development sketch projects is the establishment of those circuit or design solutions that are of a fundamental nature and allow you to get a general idea of ​​what the general structure of a particular product is, as well as what is the principle of its operation. A draft design is created mainly even before the bulk of the working documentation and technical design is developed.

While creating sketch projects the developers carefully study and analyze all possible versions of the product or its individual parts. This makes it possible to clearly define all those requirements that apply to the design of the finished product, as well as to ensure that all the requirements that apply to it are met.

The complete set of documents that make up the draft design consists of a developed in full compliance with the requirements ESKD design documentation, as well as those drawings, diagrams, technical and technological regulations, etc., which are provided for by the protocol of consideration of the technical proposal and the terms of reference.

It should be noted that in preliminary design do not include those documents that are developed even before the material layout is made.

The procedures for reviewing, agreeing and approving are not the originals of the draft design documents, but their copies, although by special agreement with the customer they can still be provided.

With regard to such an important point as the form in which all the documentation of the draft design is presented, it can be paper or electronic, and is indicated in the protocol for considering the technical task. If there is no such indication, then it is determined on the basis of agreement with the customer. In addition, electronic and paper documents can be included together in the package of documentation of the draft design.

Composition of the draft design

Preliminary design, includes documents such as a general arrangement drawing, a bill of a draft design and an explanatory note.

A general arrangement drawing project (or an electronic model of an assembly unit considered equivalent to it) must include the following:

• The image of the product, as well as various inscriptions and textual part, which make it possible to understand the principle of its operation, how exactly its constituent parts interact, as well as the features of its structural device.
• Designations of all components of the product and their names. If necessary, it is also required to provide links to general arrangement drawings, which make it possible to understand all the important design features of the product, the composition of its individual components, etc.
• Product dimensions and other data that are applied to the image.
• Product diagram (in cases where it is really needed).
• Technical data and other important characteristics that the product must have. They are required in order to make it easier to compare different options in the general arrangement drawing.

A document such as a statement draft design, should contain the names of all those design documents that are included in it.

Column " Note»May contain an indication of the option that corresponds to this particular document.

It is also allowed to include in the draft design those documents that are equivalent to those provided, but only in a different form of presentation. In this case, it is necessary to make an appropriate note in the column “ Notes (edit)».

An explanatory note of the draft design is drawn up in accordance with all standards adopted for text documents.

They rarely think about how important it is to correctly draw up a draft design of a conceived object. But any construction should begin precisely from this stage. Moreover, by the time the first brick or log is brought to the construction site, the sketch must already be agreed, developed and approved.

Indeed, without it, the customer (that is, you) will not be able to form a correct idea of ​​how the constructed building will look like. But this should be represented not only by you, but also by the builders, who will carry out the entire work process. Therefore, it is worth taking this issue seriously, understanding it to the smallest detail.

To begin with, the sketch design of a house is a set of primary documents that is necessary to

And it is also correct to compile all the documentation used directly in this case. Having a sketch of a house in your hands, you can easily formulate your requirements when communicating with the designers who will develop.

How is it composed

You contact a company that provides software services. First of all, after the conclusion of the contract, you talk with the architect.

An experienced specialist in a simple and accessible form will ask you how exactly the house that you would like to get should look like. Perhaps you can bring photographs of buildings that would suit you to the fullest. But it is possible that you will have certain wishes: change the shape and location of the windows, use a tiled roof instead of a slate roof and a number of minor changes.

All these wishes will be taken into account by the architect, who, after talking with you, will start work.

The development of a draft design will take no more than a few days for an experienced specialist.

After that, you will be presented with a set of diagrams and color illustrations that allow you to fully appreciate the external and internal appearance of the future home. Yes, it may surprise someone why you need to draw up a project almost from scratch if you already know how your house will look like.

Sample house sketch plan

After all, this will take a lot of money and time. And yet, drawing up a sketch is not at all a trick of specialists who want to take your time and suck extra money out of you. After all, any changes in the appearance of a building, even the most insignificant ones, can seriously affect its entire structure.

The simplest example: have you decided to enlarge the window? This means that the load on the entire window opening will increase significantly. And it will definitely need to be strengthened so that he can withstand it without harm to himself. Do you want to use ceramic tiles instead of metal tiles? This means that the rafters will have to be strengthened so that they can withstand the significantly increased load.

Of course, it is simply impossible to carry out all these calculations by eye, without drawing up a special sketch or project. In addition, the finished sketch allows you to fairly accurately determine the complexity of the work and the amount of materials required. And, therefore, you will be told the price of the house.

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An example of an estimate for materials

Moreover, specialists will be able to calculate for you separately the cost of building and finishing materials, as well as the cost of the work carried out. And this is very important. Perhaps no reasonable person would agree to start building a country cottage without knowing exactly how much it will cost him.

The sketch necessarily contains a number of illustrations by which you can evaluate your future home from the inside and outside.

The use of the most modern architectural programs allows you to make the sketch as clear as possible.

You just have to decide whether all your requirements were taken into account during the construction, or if you would like to make additional changes, achieving maximum compliance with the plans that you are hatching.

What is needed to conclude an agreement for drawing up a sketch

Sketch development is a very difficult and responsible job. Of course, it is performed only after the conclusion of an agreement with the company. And for this you need to collect the following documents:

• Terms of reference for design. Here it is necessary to present in writing your requirements that the future object must meet;
• Urban plan of a plot of land;
• Geodetic survey of a land plot (scale 1: 500);
• Help stating that the existing survey is suitable for use.

When these documents are collected, you can safely go to sign a service agreement. Immediately after that, you will be directed to the architect-designer to coordinate all the work. Having received all the necessary information from you (in addition to the terms of reference), he proceeds to develop a sketch.

House sketch example

It is worth saying that creating a sketch is a very difficult and crucial stage. From the outside, it may seem that everything here is quite easy and simple: each person can do whatever he wants to live in. However, drawing up and drawing a sketch with your own hands very often leads to sad consequences. After all, the finished illustrations that are shown to you along with the sketch are just the tip of the iceberg. And a huge amount of work done remains in the drawings, which will say little to a person who has nothing to do with construction.

Indeed, in order to draw up a sketch, a specialist carries out a number of calculations, which are subsequently used to develop a project on which construction will be carried out. And a non-professional will hardly be able to do all the work with the same quality, guaranteeing the integrity and durability of the structure, like a specialist who has got his hand on this over many years of work.

example of house construction

In order to more clearly explain how many factors have to be taken into account when developing a draft design of a building, it is worth listing the main ones.

Location on the site

When locating housing on a land plot, it is necessary to comply with a number of sanitary and fire safety requirements, as well as building standards. The distance from the house to the border of the neighboring plot must be at least the established minimum. It is also necessary to correctly orient the house relative to the cardinal points. Technical premises are best located on the north side, while residential ones should be placed on the south.

Of course, the house should gracefully fit into the surrounding landscape, and not be knocked out of it.
When drawing up the general plan of the site, an experienced architect will successfully place on it not only the house itself, but also all the buildings that the owner of the site considers necessary. It may be a number of other buildings.

Here I will talk about how one of our projects was done, the project - as an example of how a draft design is done, and you can see the process from the inside.

From a technical point of view, most often this work takes place in Skype - there you can show each other a drawing or a model of a house, exchange opinions.

The work is divided into three stages:

1.decisions of the master plan of the site,
2. layouts of the house,
3. Appearance solutions.

where to locate the house, where to start "> where to locate the house, where to start

We start from the site: where to place the house and what its shape should be; what will be seen from the windows of the house, how to orient them to the cardinal points.

general plan, nuances

What we did in this first stage may change after the results of geological surveys are received. Most often, soils allow us to make a house in the intended place, but sometimes surprises happen (boggy, peat lens, landslide slope), and then we are forced to relocate the building and change our decisions.

There can be nuances with engineering solutions. If geology shows the absence of soils with sufficient filtering capacity, then the septic tank will have to be replaced with a regular cesspool, the contents of which will have to be pumped out periodically.
If the soils turn out to be watered, then in this case, instead of a septic tank, it will be necessary to make a cesspool, but already sealed as much as possible. And the possibility of arranging a basement under the building in this case will be accompanied by expensive waterproofing.

As mentioned above, along with the general plan of the site, the design and construction plan is also being developed (we remember that this is a basic planning diagram of the house).

Here the shape of the building spot, the location of the rooms, the orientation of their windows are decided.
Since the building is located between the pond and the road, I propose to orient the windows of the service premises to the road, and to the residential ones to the pond (and to the River behind it).
This PPP will then change more than once, the stairs will move, but the principle of orientation of windows and entrances will remain.

On the master plan of the site, now I place the building spot of the house, with entrances and exits, the orientation of the windows, and completely real dimensions. In the same place, on the general plan, I now adjust the PPP, bringing the layout to the desired one.
And yet, it is very important now to correctly place engineering networks on the site, given the factor that there will be many networks and buildings here. Building codes strongly recommend retreating network routes both from buildings and from each other (at distances from 1 to 5 meters), so it is better to deal with this issue right away.
So, we are finishing with the development of the general layout of the site, and all its subsections.

After completing work on the master plan, you can make detailed plans for the house (based on the accepted PPP), and now the first version appears, which we view together with the client via Skype, ...

... and then the second, larger area.
In parallel, the selection of designs is underway, and we
a scheme with load-bearing walls and prefabricated reinforced concrete ceilings was chosen.
Therefore, the distances between the walls are already made for certain panels.

Third, fourth, ... and now the fifth version.
There was a vent arrangement. channels, sewer and water supply risers.
Engineering systems do not immediately receive an optimal solution, there were also options.
note: transformations of the 1st floor are shown, but the work is also carried out on the 2nd

Now I like the layout and suit the client, and the time comes to shape the "body" of the building - so far in a simplified form, without windows and wall materials.
This is the so-called. simplified 3D model building. Unlike photorealistic, it does not show the colors and textures of the wall decoration, but at this stage it is not necessary. Now it is important to decide on the shape of the "body" of the building - and to select the "make-up" for it only later. A model is an opportunity to see a house from different angles. At this stage, the work ceases to be joint with the client, he will only see the finished version.

I had to look a little for the shape of the staircase, which looked very tempting at the stage of drawing the plans. But in the end, I did not like any of the options, and it was decided to cut the rounding off.
But the shape of the building - plastic, lively - I like it, and precisely because it is wrong and not pretentious. After all, the more “correctness” in the form of a building, the more solemnity it possesses - up to the scale of a palace.

Here and for this young family of modern and energetic people, I want to create a light and not very house, maybe serious and important; organic both for these people and for the landscape around.

But now we need to move on and make a gallery connecting the house with the households. block, and the owner himself. block (carports, boats and hay, stables).

The covered gallery should adjoin the entrance to the building, and for a long time I don't like any of the options for this adjoining ...
But it seems that it worked out here.

Now we place the window openings ...

And let's add some facade decor around them ...

Well, the building is ready. The layout and appearance are complete.

The free and plastic form of the facades from the side of the pond, together with the landscape of the site, should create the image of a modern, but still “village” house, a bit in an ethnic style - a kind of Ukrainian Provence. With the appropriate color - the material of the walls, roofing should not be glamorous, but in the character of "ethno". Most likely, white, silent plaster of the walls. Possibly old clay roof tiles. Wooden structural elements are made of dark wood, also “beaten by time”….

But ... it won't be like that.

Because just at that moment the stylistic concept of the house changed. Customers saw “ Prairie Houses”(F. L. Wright), and outside of this style, the house is no longer conceived.
And we are starting from scratch with the form, taking away all that distinguishes the project from the Prairie Homes and adding some of their defining features.

The free form of the facades in the new version has straightened (and simplified), the roof has become stricter and "farther south" - its overhangs go far beyond the walls, closing the windows of the second floor from the midday sun in summer.

The new, second version of the solution is more recognizable due to the current organic architecture and the works of F.L. Wright.
The plans, like the form, have also become simpler. And they went the way of evolution from a protruding staircase to a flat street facade, with a search for many variations in floor layouts.

The last change - the furnace room on the ground floor moved outward and created a protruding part on the facade. Trellises on the facades were added (wooden slats serving as a vertical base for climbing plants).

This is how the building will look in its final form:

The final stage of work on the draft stage of the project is the selection of materials for facade finishing (on a three-dimensional photorealistic model).

From this moment, the development of the project begins - a long and not so exciting process of painstaking work.

The construction of even the smallest house begins with the design. A project prepared on paper will allow you to plan the building area, the number of rooms, windows and doors, as well as calculate the cost of work and the amount of materials required.

If you are going to build a house, you can ask for help from specialized companies to order a project, choose a suitable one from a number of ready-made ones, or independently develop a plan for a new home.

It is more rational to create a house project with your own hands when all construction work is planned to be carried out without outside help.

The first stage is planning

The first stage of project development involves the general planning of the future house, its size, purpose, the presence of a garage or other additional buildings, as well as the geographical features of the site, the presence or absence of a sewage and water supply system.

Second stage - sketches

At the second step, all conditions and desires are taken into account and collected into a certain model of a house with a certain number of floors and rooms.

The draft design has the character of a sketch and depicts the future of the building from different sides: the facade, from the side, from the back and in section (transverse and longitudinal).

It also contains a list of the materials used, and also notes the design features of the house: type of roof, thickness of walls and floors.

Before starting your own home project, it is better to carefully study the photos of ready-made plans in order to gain ideas and experience.

Stage three - work plan

The working version of the project serves as a guide for the construction team and assumes a complete description of all envisaged works for the construction of a house: architectural, structural, engineering and design.

In an architectural type project, the location of all rooms, their area, the presence of balconies or terraces, the dimensions of windows and doors, the slope of the roof, the thickness of the walls are outlined and drawn.

Important! Glazing and finishing of balconies can be ordered at low prices on the website viploggias.ru. Modern Balcony is a company with many years of experience.

The constructive type of the project involves a detailed consideration of each element of the house from the foundation, walls and ceilings to the chimney, stairs and rafters. For example, a complete decoding of the characteristics is applied to the windows, where the width of the profile, the type of cover, the number of layers of the glass unit, the presence of the window sill are noted.

Engineering and technical design is aimed at drawing up a detailed plan for the implementation of work on the establishment of sewerage, water supply, ventilation, heating, electrical wiring, grounding and security systems.

The design project makes the final adjustments to the construction of the house. At this stage, the colors of the facade, walls, roof and interior decoration of the room are finally determined.

Log house project

Most often, an economical, strong and durable tree is chosen as the main material for construction.

However, the project of a private house from a bar requires certain conditions to be met:

• If beams of more than 6 m are needed for construction, then additional insulation of the joints of the logs will be required;
• The joints are staggered;
• The number of corners must be even;
• Particular attention must be paid to competent load distribution;
• Log partitions are placed only above load-bearing walls or on additional posts.

Brick house project

A brick house project must necessarily include an assessment of financial capabilities, since this type of construction is expensive and the need to create a strong and costly foundation.

Note!

When building brick houses, other features of the material should be taken into account: the use of clay bricks on the lower floors, double waterproofing in the bathroom, wall reinforcement for greater strength, strict adherence to horizontal masonry, laying out window and door openings with a quarter.

Terrace project

Correct and competent extension of a terrace to the house also requires a separate project. When compiling it, it is necessary to take into account its structure, location, degree of openness, shape and presence of steps.

Most often, the terrace is located near one of the walls of the house or rings the entire building, less often it is installed separately from a residential building or adjacent to the pool.

As in the project of the house, the area, dimensions, materials, mass of the structure and the type of foundation must be indicated in the terrace plan.

How to complete a project at home with your own hands?

You need to stock up on paper, a ruler and a pencil and try to depict your future home in detail.

Ready-made standard projects posted on the Internet will become landmarks and assistants, supplementing and expanding which you can get an ideal plan for a new building.

Note!

DIY home project photo

Note!