Visual arts

Pre-revolutionary HR, or Forgotten professions on the canvases of Russian artists

The labor market does not stand still. Some professions are corrected by technical progress, while others disappear into oblivion. What occupations were in demand in the past centuries? Ofenya, a water carrier, a batman ... Considering the paintings of Russian painters.

Water carrier

Sergey Gribkov. Water carrier. 1873

If in the Russian village almost every yard had its own well dug, then in the city it was difficult to find water. In the central regions, the water in rivers and ponds was most often unsuitable for drinking, so the townspeople had to bring clean water. The delivery was handled by a water carrier. To become one, one had to have a horse-drawn cart or two-wheeled cart and a large barrel. In St. Petersburg, the color of the barrel spoke of the quality of the water in it: water from the canals was transported in green barrels, and drinking water in white ones. Often the water carrier was accompanied by a dog: she notified the residents of the arrival of the cart with a loud bark. In large cities, this profession persisted until the beginning of the 20th century, until a centralized water supply appeared.

In 1873, the work of a water carrier was captured in his painting by the artist Sergei Gribkov. At that time, this profession was considered prestigious and, importantly, very profitable: this can be judged by the good-quality clothing of the employee. Water carriers often took advantage of the fact that the townspeople had no choice, and they took from them exorbitant prices.

Batman

Pavel Fedotov. Officer and orderly. 1850-1851

Ordermen were called soldiers of the Russian army, who were on permanent service with an officer as a servant. According to historians, the name is derived from the French de jour, which means "orderly, duty officer." The orderly passed on the officer's orders to subordinates, cleaned his uniform and boots, and, if necessary, performed the duties of a bodyguard. Under Peter I, this post was served not only by commoners, but also by people from a noble family. The latter, as a rule, carried out diplomatic and secret assignments of the king. This "profession" was abolished in 1881, but unofficial orderlies existed during the Great Patriotic War. Their duties were performed by drivers.

Lamplighter

Leonid Solomatkin. Morning at the inn. 1873

The profession of a lamplighter in a more simplified form existed in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome: even then at night the streets were illuminated with the help of oil lamps and torches. In Russia, in the 19th century, retired military men who could work night and day were taken to the position of a lamplighter. In an hour, they walked around at least 50 lanterns: they adjusted the wicks and filled in hemp oil. Not without theft. To stop this, they began to add turpentine to the oil, and later it was completely replaced with kerosene. With the advent of electric lanterns, the work became somewhat easier, although they were still turned on and off manually. Only after the 30s of the XX century did the automatic mode of lighting the lanterns appear, and this once prestigious profession has sunk into oblivion. In some cities, you can still find a lamplighter, although this is more an attempt to preserve traditions than a necessity.

In the painting by Leonid Solomatkin "Morning at the tavern" you can see how the lamplighter, having climbed the ladder, goes about his business - extinguishing a candle. Each worker also had a long pole with which he lit and refueled the lanterns.

Saddler

Mikhail Klodt. Saddler. 1860s

Blinders were called eyecups that cover the horse's view on the sides. This is where the word "blinkered" comes from - this is how people who are unable to accept other points of view are called. The harness element gave the name to the whole profession. However, the master was engaged in the manufacture of all horse ammunition: saddles, bridles, stirrups. Each harness had to be unique. The first saddlers existed in Ancient Russia, and now only rare specialists decorate thoroughbred horses for racing.

Mikhail Klodt's painting shows a saddler at work. This craft was laborious and required skillful skills. What was it worth to choose the right skin! And still it was necessary to sew belts, put rivets. Everything was done by hand with the simplest tools. Each artisan adhered to certain rules. For example, it was possible to bend arcs only during the summer sap flow, and dry them exclusively in the shade.

Cooper

Traditionally, wooden barrels are used for pickling cucumbers and aging wine. In the old days, the cooper was engaged in their manufacture. Widespread in Russia, this profession came to naught in the XX century. Previously, the number of professional coopers reached a thousand people in each province, but now there are only a few of them. Filling the barrels was extremely difficult. Suffice it to recall an episode from a book about Robinson Crusoe: on the island he tried to learn how to make kegs. I pored for several weeks, hammered together boards, but still I could not do anything worthwhile.

In the painting by Sergei Skachkov, you can see the cooper at work. With the help of an ax and handy carpentry tools, he attaches wooden or iron hoops to the body. Planks should be knocked down so tightly to each other that they do not let water through.

To answer this question, you need to pay attention to the citation of scientific works in different fields. Citation rate is an indicator of how much money the society invests in certain scientific areas, what it expects, and where the processes are quite active. Today things are like this: if we count biology (toxicology, immunology, medicine, etc.), then this index is 50. All chemistry - 10, physics - 8, computer science - 1.5, and mathematics - 1.5. Thus, we see that every third scientific work in the world today is carried out in the field of biotechnology or medicine. This means that the next half century will be the time of medicine, biology and biotechnology. Apparently, immortality or long life will become the main commodities of the 21st century.

The "second quantum revolution" which is now taking place is also important. We are just looking into the quantum world, but huge prospects are already opening up in front of us related to data transfer - these are new materials, and new approaches, and a new understanding of nature as a whole. I think that everything related to physics and nanotechnology will be in great demand. Let me give you a simple example: for life we ​​need energy, but the problem is not that we lack energy, but that we do not know how to store it. The $ 100,000 Tesla car is a wonderful thing, it runs silently, and its refills are made from personal computer batteries. At one such gas station, he drives 500 km, and then he needs to be charged or changed the battery pack. This block itself costs $ 30,000. Let's say that in the first year we pass these 500 km, the next year, if we do not change the gas station, we will drive only 250 km, and in two years only 100 km. Moreover, we not only do not know how to store energy, but also do not know how to transfer it without loss.

Finally, it is very important for us to fit into biogeochemical cycles. Toyota, for example, operates on the zero waste principle - whatever we take from nature, we use it without residue. Now in developed countries, 95% of waste is recycled and only 5% is buried, in Russia the situation is the opposite - it is very harmful both for the environment and for the economy. But there are a lot of things that help fit into biogeochemical cycles, and they will be in great demand. We, as a rule, substitute ecology with chatter, but it shouldn't be that way, because it is large, serious and interdisciplinary.

Which professions will disappear will largely depend on how we develop. At one time, mechanization freed people from hard physical labor, but many people continue to do it. Now the "fourth industrial revolution" is taking place, which will free us from routine mental labor. For example, already now you pay for an apartment via the Internet, and by this simple action you release a lot of specific people who would have sat and filled out papers before. Almost nowhere are there typists, except for certain institutions, where it is impossible without it. Technology is playing a game with us and offering us opportunities that have two sides. It all depends on our wisdom: what we take and what we can refuse.

We live in a world in which the rate of change is growing exponentially. But with the change in technology, changes in the way of life take place, other knowledge and skills are required.
And it is natural that their professions are becoming obsolete. Some pass into the category of hobbies and recreation, others simply disappear.

So coachmen, chimney sweeps, bast shoes - outdated professions, whose representatives are almost never met. Professions such as continue to gradually disappear and transform:

1. Photographers

Once upon a time, photography was akin to art. The process from charging the film to developing it and printing the pictures becomes a sacred act. I still remember a curtained dark room, magic with a magnifier, a bathtub pasted over with drying photographs. A photographer was a prestigious profession, only professionals could take a picture for documents, correctly shoot a celebration, photograph children in kindergartens and schools and vacationers at resorts.

And the cameras themselves were not many. But then came the era of digital photography. Now it is enough to press the button and the moment will remain in digital almost forever. Cameras of various classes have become available, and everyone can feel like a photographer, albeit not a professional one.

2. Typists

Ladies typists were a special caste of office bureaucratic workers. There were even entire typewriting bureaus, in which there was the rumble of dozens of typewriters with women sitting behind them. their fingers flashed with incredible speed, sheets of paper flew out of typewriters ...

But the computer came. Yes, you still have to type the text, but now the profession has changed its name, it is now computer typing operators.

3. Telemaster

The first TVs were tube TVs, they were replaced by transistor ones. Back then, TV was a real art. You had to know your device very subtly in order to poke it with the right force and in the right place to make it show a picture of acceptable quality.

And the master in general had to be a genius, his task was to solder, change diodes, lamps and resistors. With the transition to microcircuits, plasma and liquid crystals, the need for all these actions has disappeared. Whole blocks are now replaced during repairs. And more often the entire TV is simply replaced, as it turns out to be much more economical.

4. Draftsmen

Of course, there are still drawings, but it is much easier and faster to build a model of the desired unit or system in one of the design programs. Such complexes allow you to get a much more detailed view of the object, at the same time calculate the costs of materials and equipment, and display any projection.

So, the drawing board and whatman paper gradually turn into elements of crosswords, and few people remember how they look.

But the craving for green tourism and the awakened interest in nature stimulates the revival of specialists in the construction of wood, as well as blacksmiths, saddlers, etc. Well, there are still many.

5. Crime Scene Cleaning Specialists

Various crimes and accidents happen from time to time. Some of them leave behind corpses, blood and other unpleasant details. It is to such places that special cleaners go, whose task is to tear off everything unnecessary from furniture, walls, floor and stream, to collect all blood, hair, tissue, bones, etc.

The work is very risky and unpleasant, therefore workers try to protect themselves with sturdy suits, double gloves, masks and water-repellent shoes.

6. Concrete cutters

Concrete mixers throughout the day are engaged in mixing the ingredients to obtain concrete, which usually sets quite quickly. As a result, by the evening, huge reservoirs are 50-60% filled with solid cement.

The task of the cutters is to get into the concrete mixer and use a pneumatic hand hammer to clean the tank. They work with heavy tools, chipping off huge chunks of concrete, making an incredible rumble and covering themselves with cement dust from head to toe.

7. Chick Sexing Specialist

In the production of poultry in poultry farms, the technology of raising and subsequent use of chickens of different sexes is very different. This is especially important on egg farms, because only chickens carry eggs, and many male breeders are not required. Therefore, the sex of the chick should be determined as soon as possible.

The rapid development of new technologies leads not only to the emergence of many new professions, often very exotic (such as molecular nutritionist or smart home designer), but also to the gradual withering away of existing specialties.

Moreover, along with long-obsolete professions, such as stenographers, lifters or shoe shiners, those that appeared only a few decades ago are becoming a thing of the past.

Izvestia looked into what happens to the professions and what should be done in order not to unexpectedly find oneself a bearer of a craft that has gone into the past.

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Power of machines

Back in 2015, the Skolkovo School of Management released its own Atlas of New Professions - a detailed guide to professions that should be completely outdated by 2030, and those that, on the contrary, will become the most popular by this time (the latter, however, in the almost three times more - 186 against 57 "dying").

Among the specialties that require complex preliminary training, the so-called intellectual, under attack, first of all, were all those related to the systematization of data: it is precisely such employees that computers will be able to replace the fastest. In the past, estimates, decryptors, translators, document managers and archivists, notaries, analysts, as well as public service operators may soon go away.

The "invasion of cars" also threatens much more complex professions - the list of leaving already includes the professions of a doctor-diagnostician, a dispatcher, as well as already familiar travel agents and realtors, the need for which is dying out with the advent of Internet services that allow people to directly contact hotels , to buy air tickets, and to sellers and buyers of housing - to communicate with each other. This list is largely the same as the list presented in 2012 by CNN and The Huffington Post.

In addition, economists, managers and accountants have traditionally been at risk. Tatyana Nesterenko, the representative of the Ministry of Finance, also referred to the departing professions in the fall of this year, as well as accountants. , drivers and managers, the portal M24 reported with reference to the press service of Rostrud.

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Vanishing romance

More romantic professions are also threatened with extinction - the development of navigators, according to researchers, over the next 10-15 years may nullify the navigator profession, new programs will replace test pilots, and improved computer graphics will make stuntmen and stunt doubles unnecessary.

New old professions

Not all professions immediately become victims of the development of new technologies - some die off after specialists of a wider profile enter the market. Moreover, in some cases this happens almost immediately after the profession has acquired an official status and is included in university programs. Thus, the representative of Yandex, speaking at the conference "Management of the Future" in St. Petersburg in April last year, cited the profession of a webmaster as an example: it became fashionable only a couple of decades ago, but, having appeared in the programs of higher educational institutions, almost immediately disappeared from the real labor market.

Copywriters, especially those involved in filling sites, can be attributed to the same professions: the salaries of these once fashionable specialists are falling, and, according to some experts, their responsibilities will soon be easier to train secretaries.

Feather sharks endangered

A similar fate may await media workers over the next couple of decades - both the compilers of the Atlas of New Professions and most other researchers say this: for example, the US Department of Labor predicted the extinction of the profession back in 2007. This will primarily affect "classic" reporters, literary editors and proofreaders.

If the latter are supplanted by text editors, then journalists are threatened by social networks: news is spread with the help of ordinary users, and the usual scheme of work of media structures, built on the hunt for sensations, will soon begin to wither away. And along with it, according to the researchers, the need for “old school” journalists will disappear.

The journalist of the future, in order to avoid unemployment, must be able to perform a variety of tasks - including recording a radio program himself, making a film or writing a worthwhile book, President of the Association of Internet Publishers Ivan Zasursky told RBC, commenting on the situation on the market for creative professions.

Museums and mines will be given to robots

Judging by the Atlas of New Professions, you can find entire industries in which robots will eventually prevail. This, in particular, applies to museums: the list of disappearing professions includes both guides, usheters and museum hall keepers. Or to the workers of the mines: it is assumed that machines will soon replace miners, miners and drillers in the workplace. This, however, will allow not only to save on production, but also to avoid human casualties in the event of an emergency.

DPS inspector as an endangered species

Although, according to the metropolitan employment service, representatives of blue-collar occupations are traditionally in high demand among employers, many of them are also classified as endangered. Among employees of medium and low qualifications, "obsolescence" threatens janitors, postmen, security guards, watchmen, concrete workers, foremen and even train drivers.

Among those whose profession may soon disappear, experts also call seamstresses, but it is difficult to believe that people will completely abandon custom-tailored clothes. After all, this profession is not experiencing the first technological revolution.

In addition, traffic police inspectors are also threatened with disappearance - it is assumed that modern cameras and control systems should completely replace them on the roads.

Human Factors Benefits

However, there is no need to panic - experts continue to believe that machines cannot completely replace people. Will continue to be in demand, in particular, those employees who are flexible thinking (machines will have to achieve it for a long time), know how to navigate large amounts of information and are ready to learn new skills throughout their lives. For example, people with an entrepreneurial mindset who are capable of generating new ideas are likely to become more and more in demand, just as the demand for quality copyright journalism will continue.

Finally, the flip side of the car invasion may be the growing need for personal touch and human interaction - which is why standardized dining rooms cannot compete with, for example, family restaurants, and the most professional audio guides with loving tour guides. Therefore, it is possible that the more routine functions will be transferred to robots, the more people will begin to appreciate the products of small enterprises and do-it-yourself things. However, it is not worth relying on the fact that the demand for them will be massive.

By 2030, 57 professions will disappear.

Aging intellectual professions on the horizon 2013-2030

Accountant
estimator
loan manager
statistician
stenographer / transcript
copywriter
corrector
build editor
set maker
librarian
document expert / archivist

travel agent
tester
understudy / stuntman
legal adviser
notary
bank teller
broker / realtor
guide
analyst
journalist
sports analyst

Referent
interpreter
public service operator
logistician
diagnostician
System Administrator
dispatcher
navigator
pharmacist

Obsolete blue-collar jobs on the 2013-2030 horizon

Usher
watchman
lifter
valet
call center operator
postman
highly professional agricultural worker
Courier

Hall caretaker in the museum
freight train driver
Dps inspector
security guard
miner
miner
packer
cook
driller

Foreman
transport terminal worker
seamstress
porter
concrete worker
dry cleaner
waiter
trainer

ACCOUNTANT
Special software already now allows beginners to quickly cope with basic audit and accounting operations. In the future, computer programs will be able to completely replace humans.
BUDGET
The tasks performed by specialists of this profession are completely transferred to intelligent programs. The volume of data and their complexity increases, it becomes difficult for a person to quickly and efficiently process such a flow of information. In the next 5-7 years, the number of required specialists will sharply decrease, while their tasks will be reduced to the operational maintenance of intelligent programs and systems that calculate estimates.
LOAN MANAGER
You can already apply for a loan online today. In the future, special computer programs will make decisions on the issuance of a loan by requesting information about a potential client in big data databases.
STATISTICIAN
In the future, the processes of collecting, processing and organizing data will become much more complicated due to the growing amount of information. Previous knowledge and skills will not be enough for this, and big data specialists will come to replace statisticians.
STENOGRAPHIST / INTERPRETER
Already, voice recognition systems (for example, Yandex.Dictation) and speech-to-text conversion can replace the work of such professionals. Technology is advancing so rapidly that by 2017 the use of such programs will become ubiquitous.
COPYWRITER
Computer programs (bots) connected to huge databases with texts, articles, manifestos, literary works, etc., are already capable of generating medium-quality texts of a given literary form on any topic using standard syntactic constructions.
CORRECTOR
Automatic text checking systems will develop, taking into account all the nuances of spelling in a particular language - you can already check spelling and punctuation in a Word document or browser. So far, these programs are imperfect, but in the near future, with the development of technologies for semantic text analysis, they will already be able to replace humans.
BUILD EDITOR
A separate work of a specialist in the selection of illustrations for the publication will not be needed in the near future. In the future, a convenient algorithm for searching photos and pictures on the Web will allow text authors to deal with text, and with pictures, and with video.
MOVIE DECORATION INSTALLER
Modern computer graphics allow you to paint any background - from the wild jungle to the Gothic castle. Why bother with pavilions when you can draw an entire 3D city? Therefore, set designers will remain only in theaters, while in the cinema they are already being replaced by specialists in computer graphics.
LIBRARY, DOCUMENTIST / ARCHIVARIUS
The digitization of all libraries and archives with the ability to access any information 24/7 from anywhere in the world is revolutionizing archives and libraries. Librarians and archivists as they are will disappear, but archive management activities will move to networked solutions.
LECTURER
The range of tasks of teachers-“reproducers” will change due to the development of educational technologies and changes in student requests - writing a standard lecture course under dictation reduces motivation to study, any information can be found on the Web, and the world's leading universities offer various certification free and paid online courses to anyone. whoever wishes. Lecturers must provide students with a unique experience that they cannot otherwise get. Over time, lectures will be delivered only by those who have either unique knowledge and experience, or who know how to communicate with the audience and are able to present information artistically.
TRAVEL AGENT
This profession is being destroyed by the following factors: people increasingly prefer individual tourism to mass tourism, and spontaneous recreation to clearly planned ones; The abundance of Internet services and applications for the selection of transfers, accommodation, leisure planning (with no commission and with 24/7 access) allow users to organize their vacation directly, without intermediaries. This profession will disappear as more people get used to their own tours over the Internet. Over time, travel agents will remain only in the elite segment, where a special value will be that a real person, and not a program, works with a client on an individual order.
DUBLER / STUNKER
There is no longer any need to perform dizzying stunts in reality - thanks to computer processing of the video, an actor without special physical training can jump out of the train at full speed or cope with a stormy waterfall. Today's stuntmen become something like circus performers, performing in special shows.
Tester
Robotic systems, simulators and computer modeling make it possible to replace a person during many tests of varying complexity and danger. Over time, the profession of a tester will become more exotic.
LEGAL CONSULT
Answers to common questions can be found in the sections "questions and answers" on most legal portals, the necessary documents are easy to find in the archives of databases, and you can get direct consultation in the community or ask a question to a specialist. Online consultation will be needed in a much smaller number of cases, so the demand for such specialists is falling sharply.
NOTARY
The development of remote access services for processing documents and performing banking transactions using an electronic signature, the ability to connect to databases in order to verify identity, solvency or criminal record make the functions of a notary obsolete. Soon, this profession can only survive thanks to outdated legislation.
BANKING OPERATOR
Almost all banking operations are transferred to the Internet and are as close to the user as possible, and cash in significant amounts is issued by ATMs. In the next 10-15 years, the remaining bank employees will gradually switch to serving the part of the population that has not been able to adapt to new technologies.
BROKER / REALTOR
Internet services allow you to select real estate with any parameters and anywhere in the world without leaving your home; payment transactions are also carried out over the network (in this case, there are no commission costs). As in the case of travel agents, people-realtors will remain mainly in the premium segment, where personal contact with the client is important.
GUIDE
Standard tours and excursions will be replaced by individual programs, and guides will be replaced by virtual guides and special tourist programs and applications that allow you to navigate the terrain and find out all the necessary information on topics of interest to a particular user.
ANALYST
Intelligent systems are already capable of performing analytical work in various fields, especially for standard and repetitive operations. Over time, analytic services will be replaced by services based on artificial intelligence.
JOURNALIST
Speech-to-text translation programs and programs for writing text documents allow you to automate and speed up such a previously creative profession in many ways. For example, Bloomberg has replaced some of its news staff with an artificial intelligence program that writes stock news faster and more colorful than human journalists. Amateur reporting and blogs, which are rapidly gaining popularity due to their liveliness, right-
Divinity and naturalness are beginning to compete with TV, radio and print journalists of the leading media. In 20 years, artificial intelligence will be able to solve problems related to the media by 95%. The main destiny of journalists will be author's journalism, built on the author's original views and approach, close to fiction or cinema.
SPORTS ANALYST
The ability to memorize and compare the details of sports biographies and match results from ten years ago, analyze information and predict the likely outcomes of future games was indispensable in the pre-information era - but in the near future a computer will cope with this function.
SECRETARY - REFERENT
Most of the functions of an assistant will be able to perform computer programs - to distribute calls, make schedules, schedule meetings, order air tickets on a business trip, etc. Already now there is software that can take on some of these responsibilities - the question is to develop an optimal solution that combines the maximum functions.
OPERATOR OF PUBLIC SERVICES
The development of such services as the "Portal of Public Services" and "Electronic Government", as well as civil crowdsourcing leads to the transformation of the tasks of the municipal employee - at least the number of employees involved in document circulation should decrease.
INTERPRETER
The development of semantic translation programs is proceeding by leaps and bounds, and even now a simple technical translation can be performed automatically. These programs are already capable of translating both written and spoken language. As the technology continues to evolve, the niche for human translators will remain only for highly skilled professionals, usually those involved in complex translations or working in the field of literary translation.
LOGIST, DISPATCHER
The transport infrastructure is becoming more complex, cargo delivery is becoming modular, freight and passenger flows are increasing, and user requirements for the quality and speed of delivery are increasing. It is more and more difficult for a person to cope with such tasks. However, automated control and tracking systems for shipments with all kinds of sensors and the possibility of satellite monitoring are already beginning to be introduced en masse.
grams of delivery routes development and tracking. A person is needed only for control at the highest level - making decisions in the event of emergency, difficult situations. Therefore, in the profession of dispatchers and logisticians, the number of workers will gradually decrease, and the intensity and complexity of their work will increase.
DIAGNOSTICIAN
The functions of this specialist are gradually being replaced by mobile diagnostic devices and automated expert systems. Already, the artificial intelligence system IBM Watson diagnoses dangerous diseases, in particular, cancer, with an accuracy several times higher than the accuracy of experienced diagnostic doctors. In the next five years, the market for microdiagnostic devices will actively develop: a person in any conditions and at any time will be able to take his current physiological indicators and instantly transmit data to a specific doctor via the Network. Primary diagnostics in clinics and hospitals will also be performed with special equipment with intelligent programs. In 15–20 years, the need for new diagnosticians will be very low. Those specialists who will appear in the next 5-10 years will be enough to cover the need for these specialists during the period of obsolescence of the profession throughout Russia until 2030.
SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR
The development of artificial intelligence systems will make it possible to eliminate system failures quickly and almost invisibly to the user. The sysadmins we are accustomed to are replaced by programs and specialists in their configuration.
NAVIGATOR
The main functions of this specialist - plotting a course, calculations related to movements and marking movements on a map, are already capable of performing devices with GPS navigation.
PHARMACIST
Many pharmacies are switching to work through Internet resources, since a significant part of buyers are able to find medicines for themselves through the network either on their own or on the recommendation of a doctor. Logistic services are ready to deliver the order at any time of the day. The pharmacist remains in the pharmacy either to provide people with medicines in an emergency, or to work with the population unable to independently
serve. After 2020 the need for a pharmacist
will be very low.

Usher
Already, ticket inspectors are more of a form of honorable pension. By the end of the 2010s, most citizens will have electronic cards to pay for passage through automated scanners at the entrances to buildings and transport, when attending events, etc.
Doorman
Automatic keys, retinal and fingerprint recognition systems used to secure office and living quarters over time supplant these workers. In developed countries, watchmen have already become a rarity, and in the next 5-7 years this profession will disappear in large Russian cities as well.
Lifter
Technological solutions for the repair and maintenance of elevators, which are becoming more automated, and intelligent control systems are gradually replacing such an employee.
PARKER
More and more manufacturers are adding intelligent parking systems to the basic equipment of their cars, thereby automating the work tasks of this profession. After 2020, the use of artificial intelligence in driving will be present in more than 80% of new cars. Parking management is also automated - security cameras, automatic barriers and parking meters can cope with this function.
CALL CENTER OPERATOR
Simple communicator programs can already massively answer users' questions. Further development of technology will lead to the replacement of a person with an intelligent program that generates answers to any question on a specific topic based on a database.
POSTMAN
Correspondence goes digital, parcels are delivered by logistics companies. In developed countries, automated post offices are becoming widespread. The postman profession will gradually become a thing of the past, remaining more of a tourist curiosity (like a coachman of carriages).
HIGH PROFESSIONAL AGRICULTURAL WORKER
The abundance of automated, robotic complexes and control systems used in various types of agriculture leads to the displacement of humans from the sphere of agricultural production. This process has been going on for many decades, there are no prerequisites for stopping it.
COURIER
Courier drones are slowly entering the market: in the Aviation section, we gave examples of the effective use of unmanned technologies to deliver orders to customers. Drones will be able to deliver packages faster and even more environmentally friendly, since most of them run on electricity and do not pollute the environment.
HALL IN MUSEUMS
Automatic security systems will keep order, and special applications will help you navigate the halls - so museum keepers can only stay to create an atmosphere.
MACHINER OF PRODUCT COMPOSITION
Unmanned control systems are becoming more sophisticated every year. First of all, they will be installed on trains of subway lines and on freight rolling stock, while a person will only be connected in case of force majeure situations. After 2020, self-driving with a freight train will become the industry standard.
DPS INSPECTOR
The development of intelligent traffic control systems (traffic lights, security barriers, security cameras, the ability to connect to any vehicle via wireless communication, etc.) over time leads to complete automation and robotization of the functions of this employee.
SECURITY GUARD
Security standards will change, and smart automated control systems will replace classic security solutions. Information on several objects will come to a single control room, and rapid response teams will be able to resolve situations that computer systems are unable to cope with. Therefore, small private security companies will lose their relevance. In addition, the functions of a security guard can be performed by a drone with a built-in video camera and motion and heat sensors.
MINER, MINER
These blue-collar professions are leaving both due to the complication of the processes of geological exploration and production (and, consequently, their gradual robotization), and due to the fact that the demand for raw materials extracted by the mine method is decreasing.
Packer, cooker
In the next 10-15 years, these food and chemical workers will be replaced by robotic systems that improve the intensity, safety and quality of production. In 20-25 years, bio-3D printing capabilities will allow you to move production to your home and “print” any food and chemical products you need, buying only the formula and the right printing powder.
DRILLER
The conditions for mining and energy production are becoming more difficult as easy-to-extract resources come to an end. Drilling in the future will be carried out in areas where it is difficult or impossible for people to work (the Far North, shelves, etc.). The development of robotics and satellite control systems makes it possible to remove humans from the mining cycle, while increasing the volume and intensity. The romantic profession of drillers will be replaced by robotic drilling operators, often working remotely.
PRORAB
Over time, this profession will begin to "wither away" and will be replaced by a foreman-watcher (see the "Construction" section of the first part of "Atlas").
TRANSPORT TERMINAL WORKER
There are already information robots that help passengers navigate the terminals, and special vehicles - for example, cleaners or towing vehicles - are becoming more automated. In the future, they can be controlled remotely, so airports and train stations will be able to manage with much less staff.
SEAMSTRESS
The development of cheap 3D printing will allow, over time, to quickly produce clothes and shoes with specified parameters at home. The seamstress will be in demand rather as a piece and rather expensive specialist for work on order. For more details, see the section "Light Industry".
PORTER
At the Japanese Kitakyushu airport, robotic porters have already appeared, capable of moving luggage weighing up to 50 kg and responding to voice commands. And the American company Five Elements Robotics came up with the first
a sleepy robot assistant Budgee, which can carry various loads for the owner - for example, purchases at a home appliance store. These technologies are rapidly developing and becoming cheaper, and a person will definitely not be able to compete with a robot in speed and endurance.
CONCRETE MAN
The proliferation of 3D printing and other innovative construction technologies will reduce the need for labor on the construction site. Classic blue-collar jobs will be replaced by construction operators
3D printers and other equipment.
DRY CLEANER
Robotic dry cleaners are already being used to clean car interiors, and White Conveyors, a high-tech sorting and storage company, offers an automated dry cleaning system where customers can drop off and receive items through a dedicated terminal, and a smart conveyor minimizes the need for human intervention. So there will soon be no need for living workers.
WAITER
Restaurants with robotic waiters are already popular in Japan. But since communication is an important part of the service in this profession, robots will be able to crowd out people in networked establishments, where speed and accuracy of order fulfillment are most important, but not in high-end restaurants.
TRAINER
“Technical” coaches who help athletes practice certain actions (for example, hitting the ball) will not be needed in the future - the coach will become a coach who monitors both the sportsman's form and the choice of the correct game strategy. And sports robots and simulators will help to polish the technique of a jump or serve.