Social support for citizens at the municipal level. Department of social protection of the population at the level of the municipality introduction. Federal migration program

Social protection and support issues
certain groups of the population

Social protection is a system of legislative, economic, social and other guarantees that provides all able-bodied citizens with equal rights and working conditions, and the disabled (socially vulnerable) strata - advantages in using public consumption funds, direct material and socio-psychological support in all forms.
Social support is temporary or permanent measures of targeted support for certain socially vulnerable categories of citizens.
Social protection and support of citizens are the prerogative of the state. The 2003 Federal Law "On General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" refers to the competence of municipal districts and urban districts in this area only guardianship and trusteeship, and to the competence of settlements - assistance in establishing guardianship and trusteeship over residents of the settlement who need them. However, the main part of the social support of citizens is traditionally carried out by local governments as state powers. As the closest to the population, local governments are better aware of the specific living conditions of individual citizens and can perform social support functions more effectively. Due to the lack of state funding, local budgets bear a significant share of the costs of social support for the population.
The main forms of social support for certain groups of the population are shown in Fig. 5.5.1.

Rice. 5.5.1. Basic forms of social support
certain groups of the population

Municipal policy in the field of social protection and support of the population is the implementation of its own and transferred (federal and regional) state powers to organize a set of measures aimed at preventing certain vulnerable groups of the population and citizens from falling into a zone of extreme social disadvantage. The formation and implementation of local policy in the field of social support of the population is carried out within the framework of targeted assistance to specific groups of the population and individual citizens.

Social support criteria and mechanisms
at the municipal level

The main criteria for providing social support to certain categories of citizens at the municipal level include the following.
1. Low level of material security. If the size of the per capita income of a person (family) is below a certain legislatively established normative value, this person (family) needs social support. The normative value of per capita income is determined by the price of a consumer package that characterizes the subsistence minimum per family member (or a lonely citizen) for a given period of society development. The composition, structure and cost of this kit change in accordance with changes in generally accepted living standards.
2. Disability, the consequence of which is the impossibility of self-service.
3. Loss of home and property.
Categories of citizens in need of social support are shown in Fig. 5.5.2.

Rice. 5.5.2. Categories of citizens
in need of social support

For each of these categories, the state develops specific social protection programs, and at the local level, social support programs.
Social protection and support of the population are effective when applying a programmatic approach. Two types of programs can be distinguished: object programs (designed for a specific social group of the population) and problem programs (designed to solve some social problem, for example, eliminate the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant).
To implement the municipal policy in the field of social support of the population in municipalities, various social service institutions are created, and in the structure of local administrations - bodies (departments, committees, departments) of social protection. The structure of these bodies and institutions depends on the financial capabilities of the municipality, the existing management system, and the availability of the necessary specialists.
Note. Municipal pension services are created in the event that decisions of local governments on the payment of municipal pensions are made.
The main organizational, practical and coordination activities for the provision of various types of social services are carried out by municipal centers of social services. They are designed to identify citizens in need of social services, determine the types of social services they need, and ensure their provision. Workshops, production workshops, subsidiary farms, shops selling at preferential prices, etc. can be created in municipal centers.
The main directions of activity of municipal authorities and institutions of social protection of the population are considered below.

Lecture, abstract. 5.5. Municipal management of social support for certain groups of the population - concept and types. Classification, essence and features. 2018-2019.

Social protection is a system of legislative, economic, social and other guarantees that provides all able-bodied citizens with equal rights and conditions for work, and the disabled (socially vulnerable) strata - advantages in using public consumption funds, direct material and socio-psychological support in all forms ...

Social support is temporary or permanent measures of targeted support for certain socially vulnerable categories of citizens.

Social protection and social support of citizens are the prerogative of the state. Federal Law "On General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" 2003. refers to the competence of municipal districts and urban districts in this area only guardianship and trusteeship, and to the competence of settlements - assistance in establishing guardianship and trusteeship over the residents of the settlement in need of this. However, the main part of the social support of citizens is traditionally carried out by local governments as state powers. Due to the lack of state funding, local budgets bear a significant share of the costs of social support for the population.

The main forms of social support for certain groups of the population are: cash benefits, assistance in kind (food, clothing), benefits (discounts) when paying for a number of services, subsidies (earmarked funds to pay for services), compensation (reimbursement of some expenses).

Municipal policy in the field of social protection and social support of the population is the implementation of its own and transferred (federal and regional) state powers to organize a set of measures aimed at preventing certain vulnerable groups of the population and citizens from falling into a zone of extreme social disadvantage. The formation and implementation of local policy in the field of social support of the population is carried out within the framework of targeted assistance to specific groups of the population and individual citizens.

The main criteria for providing social support to certain categories of citizens at the municipal level are: 1) a low level of material security. If the size of the per capita income of a person (family) is below a certain legislatively established normative value, this person (family) needs social support. The normative value of per capita income is determined by the price of a consumer package that characterizes the subsistence minimum per one family member (or a lonely citizen) for a given period of development of society; 2) incapacity for work, the consequence of which is the impossibility of self-service; 3) loss of home and property.

· Disabled: pensioners, children, disabled people, citizens under the care of the state (in nursing homes, disabled people, etc.);
· Poor people;
· Those in extreme situations: (unemployed, refugees and displaced persons, homeless, affected by emergency situations (fires, floods, earthquakes, radiation exposure, etc.).

For each of these categories, the state develops specific social protection programs, and at the local level, social support programs.

Social services are provided by social service institutions free of charge and for a fee. Free social services are provided in amounts determined by regional social service standards. Paid social services are rendered in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation. According to the Federal Law "On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation", social service institutions - both municipal and others - enjoy preferential taxation in the manner prescribed by tax legislation.

Figure 4 - Subjects of social support of the population in the municipality

Financing of the municipal sector of the social service system is carried out through subventions from the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, directed to the municipal budget for the maintenance and development of a network of social service institutions, as well as for payment of state-guaranteed social services included in federal and regional lists. The amount of subventions is determined annually upon approval of the respective budgets.

In modern legislation, there is a tendency to transfer the performance of social service functions from the municipal level to the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The implications of this are mixed. On the one hand, the transfer of social service functions to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation makes this system less dependent on the specific situation in each municipal entity. On the other hand, the activity of local communities in solving social problems decreases, the effectiveness of responding to the various interests and aspirations of local communities, individual citizens in the field of social protection decreases.

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Introduction

2. Study of the activities of local governments to provide targeted assistance to categories of the population on the example of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of Kiselevsk

2.1 Brief description of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of Kiselevsk

3. Measures to improve the provision of targeted assistance to the needy categories of the population of the city of Kiselevsk

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The transitional nature of the current stage of development of Russian society is manifested in the aggravation of its social problems: the growth of the stratification of the population in terms of income, the emergence of poverty and misery, the increase in unemployment, the primitivization of the needs of the poorest part of the population, the spread of forms of maladapted behavior. At the same time, the crisis, which has engulfed all spheres of public life, increases the need for the development of "shock absorbers" that will ease social tension and protect the population from the negative consequences of socio-economic reforms. Among them - the substantiation and implementation of social policy, which should ensure the definition of social priorities, the creation of a system of social protection of the population, the identification of groups in need of assistance, as well as the development of mechanisms for the implementation of targeted social support.

Purpose of the work: to propose ways to improve the activities of local governments to ensure social support for the population of the municipality on the example of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of Kiselevsk.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set:

1. To study the theoretical approach to providing social support to the population of the municipality.

2. Conduct a study of the activities of local governments to provide social support to the population on the example of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of the city of Kiselevsk.

3. To propose ways to improve the system of providing social support to the population of the city of Kiselevsk.

The object of the research is the activities of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of the city of Kiselevsk.

1. Theoretical aspects of providing social support to the population of the municipality

1.1 Concept of social security

The concept of social protection of the population of Russia in relation to the new political and economic conditions is in the process of being developed. There is no consensus among experts on many of its provisions. Social protection in a broad sense is understood as the activity of the state aimed at ensuring the process of formation and development of a full-fledged personality, at identifying and neutralizing negative factors affecting the individual, at creating conditions for self-determination and approval in life.

In a narrow sense, social protection is considered as a set of legislatively enshrined economic and legal guarantees that ensure the observance of the most important social rights of citizens and the achievement of a socially acceptable standard of living.

But for all its novelty, this concept should be based on the results and conclusions of domestic scientists who previously studied such important components of social protection as social security and social insurance.

In the 1920s and 1930s, N.A. was engaged in the study of social security and social insurance. Vigdorchik, L.V. Zabelin, V. Durdenevsky, Z.R. Tetterborn et al.

V. Durdenevsky considered social security as an activity of public administration aimed at eliminating social dangers that threaten the life and living standards of various segments of the population by providing them with monetary or social assistance. And social insurance as a system of relaxation

risk by decomposing it into participants in the social production process, an integral part of labor law.

L.V. Zabelin considered social security a generic term in relation to social insurance. Therefore, from his point of view, all the features of social security are equally characteristic of social insurance.

In the 1950s and 1960s, N.G. Alexandrov, B.C. Andreev, E.I. Astrakhan, V.A. Acharkan, K.S. Batygin, M.V. Baglai, A.D. Zaikin, M.L. Zakharov and V.I. Usenin, P.M. Tsivilev and others.

B.C. Andreev called social security, carried out by the state or supported by it, a set of certain socio-economic measures to provide citizens in old age and in case of disability, provide children, medical care and treatment of citizens 1 Zhukov V.I. Human potential: the index of social development of Russians. - M .: SOYUZ, 1995.S. 48.

Subsequently, research in the field of social security was carried out by such prominent legal scholars as R.I. Ivanova, A.S. Pashkov, M.I. Polupanov, V.V. Rogozhin, A.I. Stavtseva, V.A. Tarasova, E.G. Tuchkova, V.Sh. Shaikhatdinov and others.

The development of the concept of social security as a category of universal human value, produced by R.I. Ivanova. In her opinion, social security is a form of distribution of material benefits not in exchange for labor expended in order to satisfy the vital personal needs (physical, social, intellectual) of the elderly, sick, disabled, children, dependents, who have lost their breadwinner, the unemployed, all members of society in for the purpose of protecting health and normal reproduction of the labor force at the expense of special funds created in society, in cases and on conditions established in social, including legal, norms Zhukov V.I. Human potential: the index of social development of Russians. - M .: SOYUZ, 1995.S. 48. ...

This definition is universal and reflects the essence of social security, regardless of the specific historical conditions (economic and political system) in which it is organized. It is based on the following stable features:

-objective grounds that cause the need for a special mechanism of social protection aimed at maintaining or providing a certain level of life support;

special funds, sources of social security;

special ways of providing livelihood;

- consolidation of the rules for the provision of social security in social, including legal norms.

The essence of social security is most clearly manifested in its functions: economic, political, demographic, rehabilitation and others.

The economic function of social security is to replace earnings (income or maintenance) lost due to age, disability or loss of a breadwinner, partial reimbursement of additional costs in the event of certain life circumstances, as well as providing minimal cash or in-kind assistance to low-income citizens.

The source of financing for its implementation is the state (centralized) off-budget social funds, which are formed on a territorial basis. Off-budget social funds include: pension, employment, compulsory health insurance, social insurance, social support.

The political function of social security contributes to the maintenance of social stability in a society in which there are significant differences in the standard of living of various segments of the population.

The demographic function is designed to stimulate the reproduction of the population, which is necessary for the normal development of the country.

The social rehabilitation function is aimed at restoring the social status of disabled citizens and other socially weak groups of the population, allowing them to feel like full-fledged members of society.

Thus, social security is a set of public relations for the distribution of off-budget social insurance funds and the redistribution of part of the state budget in order to meet the needs of individuals in cases of loss of earnings or labor income, incurring additional costs for the maintenance and upbringing of children, support of other family members in need. in care, lack of funds in the amount of the subsistence minimum for objective socially significant reasons, as well as for the provision of medical assistance and social services.

The satisfaction of needs can be carried out with the help of:

assignment of cash payments (pensions, benefits, compensations) on a non-equivalent, but standardized basis, or free (alimentary) outside of connection with work and payment of contributions;

provision of free medical services for the consumer under compulsory medical insurance programs;

the provision of social services free of charge to the consumer within the state minimum standards, and above them

at preferential rates.

The existence of this complex of relations is due to objective reasons, therefore the state is interested in their development and carries out their legal regulation.

With regard to the ratio of state systems of social protection and social security, the second should be considered as an integral part of the first. In addition to social security, social protection includes guarantees for labor protection, health and the environment, minimum wages and other measures necessary for the normal life of a person and the functioning of the state.

1.2 Actual problems of social protection of the population in municipalities

self-government security social municipal

The basis of state governance is the realization of the social interests of every citizen. Of course, this is possible only in the conditions of the municipal system, aimed at this. That is, in the public-state system that protects the interests of the entire community, municipalities perform the functions of bodies that protect the social and domestic interests of every citizen of the local community. For a long time, under the conditions of the Soviet system, the protection of the interests of citizens was assumed at the state level without municipal differentiation. However, after a radical reorganization of the legislative system, it was the municipalities that were entrusted with the responsibility for the well-being of its residents, primarily in the context of their social needs. For decades, the social problems of the inhabitants of municipalities were solved by the bodies of the social sphere, health, public education, culture, trade, public catering and others. But the moment came when even their coordinated activities could not provide citizens with minimal protection from social collisions. Therefore, it became necessary to create a new industry - social protection of the population. It was in it that all the social problems of citizens were concentrated, which were solved both directly by their own sips and indirectly - through ensuring the implementation of federal and regional laws.

The purpose of the existence of any human community - from family to state - is to ensure optimal living conditions for each of its members. Naturally, a person's dependence on the community of which he is a member is sharply exacerbated in a period of any economic, social or legal instability. At this time, the role of society prevails over the role of the individual in an attempt to maintain his own status quo Bobkov V. Regional programs of social protection of the population // Man and Labor. -1996.-№ 5. S. 18..

The main content of the formation and development of local self-government bodies is the search for a stable balance between the local community and the state, which, in turn, will ensure a balanced state of civil and state interests. Violation of the balance of interests between the state and local government always leads to negative consequences of the integrity of the economic, social, political and territorial elements of the state system.

The national task of local self-government bodies is to ensure the coordination of the interests of the whole society, starting with each citizen. Thus, local self-government gives additional stability to the state system, being its socio-economic base, the first level of democracy in the country. Therefore, one of the priority goals of the state should be the formation and development of local self-government.

From the socio-economic needs of each member of the local community, a strategic concept for the development of the municipality should be formed. It involves the solution of a complex of problems of social, economic, organizational and legal orientation. In it, the main one is a block of social programs for solving in the current and future periods. The task of social policy should not be a passive adaptation to the available limited financial and material resources of the country. The main and promising content of social policy should be the implementation of a correctly built system of priorities, mechanisms for the effective use of resources allocated for social purposes, a phased solution of a range of social problems, including those arising in the course of market transformations. At the same time, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between two tasks Social protection of a person: regional models / Ed. V.G. Bocharova, M.P. Guryanova. - M., 1995.S. 96. :

to protect socially vulnerable groups of the population from the hard impact of the market and poverty, who cannot do without social support from the state;

to contribute by means of social policy to the economic activation of various strata of the population, the development of their adaptation to the market, and the overcoming of dependent sentiments in relation to the state.

The development strategy of a Russian city should neutralize or restrain as much as possible the social stratification of the population while increasing the socio-economic efficiency of the city's economic complex.

Currently, the current legal framework is in conflict with the main principle of the activities of municipal bodies of social protection of the population - the targeting of social assistance.

It is necessary to change the methods and directions of the provision of social assistance from the state: from the free provision of certain social benefits to the entire population to the creation of appropriate conditions for the opportunity for all citizens to earn a decent standard of living by their own labor, for participation in various insurance institutions that guarantee medical care, additional pensions, education, etc., while providing targeted social support to the poorest and most disadvantaged for any reason categories of the population.

In these conditions, it is necessary to revise the principles of providing social assistance. First of all, an effective means assessment mechanism should be developed (indirect methods for assessing the need). At the municipal level, methods for assessing official income are urgently needed to achieve the goals of targeted social protection. In their absence, most municipalities, when providing social support, are forced to focus on certain socially vulnerable categories of the population, being guided only by data on official income (wages in the formal sector of the economy and social transfers) of low-income families.

However, citizens are generally reluctant to fully report their true income to both social workers and surveyors. At the same time, it is very important not to generate dependent attitudes in society, but to create all conditions conducive to independent overcoming of difficult life situations by citizens, therefore, social assistance should primarily extend to people who, due to age, health status, and long-term unemployment cannot receive additional income and thereby improve their financial situation.

State social assistance should be provided primarily on the basis of a declarative approach. With the declarative principle, receiving social assistance is a purely voluntary matter and applicants deliberately go to disclose their income in order to prove their low income.

At the same time, in some cases, it should be provided for the combination of the declarative principle with the principle of offering social assistance. Bodies of social protection of the population can initiate the provision of state social assistance to those persons who cannot apply for help on their own (lonely elderly helpless citizens, details, disabled people, etc.

When providing social assistance to the needy population, it is advisable to distribute the entire burden of its implementation between the federal, regional and local levels of budgets.

In addition, the strengthening of the role of municipal authorities in the implementation of social assistance programs, on the one hand, and a certain freedom in decision-making, on the other, is an indispensable condition for improving its targeting and effectiveness.

Different approaches to the provision of certain types of social assistance also arouse criticism due to the lack of both minimum social standards and standards of social services for the population. Of course, they must be uniform for all regions of the country and strictly observed. Again, local authorities have to take the blow, because no radical measures have been taken at the federal level to rectify this situation.

Elementary logic leads to the fact that a unified (unified) state system of social protection of the population should provide citizens with a level of social protection, at least not lowering them below the subsistence level of a day in each specific region. That is, whatever the social benefits or services anywhere in the country, every citizen who uses them should not “fall” below the minimum established level. Serious changes are needed in the field of state social policy aimed at meeting certain needs, first of all, of the poor population (taking into account the state's capabilities). In this regard, it is necessary to carry out the following.

Bring the volume and size of state social assistance in line with financial capabilities, which will ensure its security. Cut off from receiving social benefits well-to-do population groups that can do without social support, based on the use of various (including indirect) methods for assessing the real need.

To reduce the dependent moods of certain groups of the population and to focus them on the independent solution of emerging economic problems, providing social assistance only to those citizens who are in a difficult life situation who cannot overcome it on their own.

To redistribute available funds in favor of the really poor and thereby provide an opportunity to increase the amount of social assistance provided to these segments of the population.

It is impossible to implement all this separately for each municipal entity. That is why it is necessary to submit coordinated proposals to the federal authorities in order to formulate a state social policy that meets the needs of the population.

1.3 The content and goals of the social policy of the municipality

The structure of the state itself is of great importance for the formation and development of an effective social policy in the Russian Federation. However, deep socio-economic and cultural differences between the regions of Russia call into question the very possibility of implementing a single state social policy, the existence of common social standards and the implementation of a single set of social functions by the state.

Territorial differentiation due to natural and climatic conditions, national and socio-historical characteristics, etc., in itself is not an insurmountable obstacle to effective social policy. The problem of implementing common social principles is not the need to conduct different social policies in different regions, social policy is inherently variable, since it takes into account the conditions for achieving goals, but in significant socio-economic disproportions between territories, the lack of uniform norms for meeting social needs and a different volume of social rights of citizens. Historically existing territorial differences in the social status of citizens have increased significantly in the last decade, and this trend continues to grow.

The specificity of the Russian Federation is also the fact that the level of social protection of a person and the provision of social services that existed in the USSR was one of the highest in the world. The system of social protection and social services that took shape in the USSR, based on the socialist principles of social distribution from centralized funds, guaranteed practical protection against the entire set of social risks, a relatively acceptable standard of living for the majority of the population, and satisfied the basic set of social needs of citizens.

The problem is that the old mechanisms of social protection and social services do not correspond to market relations and are ineffective in market conditions.

The tragedy of this situation is that the Russian Federation is trying to formally preserve all the social functions of the state of social services, which was the Soviet Union, but in reality it cannot even ensure survival, since the old mechanisms of socialist redistribution in market conditions do not work.

The catastrophic nature of the situation does not allow reducing the social burden on business, which in conditions of high social burden cannot become completely market-oriented, goes into the shadows, does not fulfill its social functions. It is also essential that the rigid framework of non-market social mechanisms of the state impedes the formation of the labor market, the development of market mechanisms of social protection and the structural restructuring of the economy. At the same time, there is no doubt about the need to use positive past experience.

The preservation of effective social mechanisms presupposes the adaptation of existing social protection systems to market relations and their development in new conditions.

Such mechanisms are, in particular, the implementation of socio-protective functions by enterprises; the transfer of social assistance to the level of local self-government, where the principle of targeting and adequate support began to be spontaneously implemented, the preservation and development of a system of social services for those in greatest need (homes for the disabled and the elderly, shelters, social day care centers, shelters, etc.); development of social services at home, free canteens and shops for veterans and the poor, and much more. It is important to note that many of the specific social institutions characteristic of the Soviet Union have perfectly fit into market relations and have become important mechanisms of social protection in the new conditions. Although there are numerous examples of the opposite. A vivid illustration of the latter is the role and place of trade unions, an institution that is absolutely market-based in nature, which has turned out to be so deformed by socialism that after a decade of market reforms it practically does not play any role in protecting social rights.

The modernization of social mechanisms cannot take place without taking into account the existing social structure. The principal thing is that this is precisely modernization, not construction on the ashes. A good, albeit sad, example is the reform of the health care system for the population. The transfer of mass medical services to insurance principles has led to the actual destruction of the once generally accessible and relatively high-quality free health care. And today's attempts to correct the current situation through strengthening insurance mechanisms and the national project are also doomed to failure, since the objective reality of large spaces, bad roads, expensive transport creates a natural monopoly of a district hospital or rural medical center in a given territory. A person has no other choice of a medical institution other than the one that is located where he lives, no matter how poorly he is served there.

The collapse of the system of domestic and recreational services to the population (especially in rural areas) is not compensated by the market. And these services will not exist until the population's ability to pay makes them profitable. In this case, government efforts are needed not only to create conditions for income growth, but also to provide economic, fiscal and administrative incentives for such activities.

In the process of adopting Law No. 122-FZ in the State Duma, it was decided to grant beneficiaries the right to choose whether to receive a monthly cash payment or a “social package”, which is social benefits saved in kind.

Thus, the result of the adoption of Law No. 122-FZ was the preservation of the system of benefits in kind; additional very significant financing of social assistance from the budgets of all levels; creation of a new system for administering social benefits; a significant change in the management system of the social sphere, associated with the replacement of existing mechanisms with new ones, as a rule, with significantly more complicated ones; widespread public dissatisfaction with this reform and increasing dependence of the regions on transfers and subventions from the federal budget.

The social policy, implemented since 2008, with good reason can be called financial social policy, since it affects primarily the system of financing the social sphere, a significant increase in the social budget is envisaged and does not concern structural modernization. It should be noted that the increase in the social budget in 2008-2009. and budget projections for 2009-2010. is nominal and is not associated with an increase in the share of social spending in federal budgets.

The main effect of the new direction of social policy is to change the system of interbudgetary relations. In accordance with the adopted laws, it is envisaged to transfer from the federal level to the subjects of a large number of powers to provide social support. Financial assistance has become the basis of financial support for the social powers of the subjects of the federation, most of which are subsidized. The main form of financial support is subsidies for leveling the level of budgetary provision of the subjects from the Federal Fund for Financial Support (in 2008 - 189.9 billion rubles), which are not targeted and can be directed by regions to implement measures for social support of the population. On the basis of co-financing, subsidies are provided for paying for housing and utilities to citizens (in 2008 - 6.3 billion rubles), for the implementation of measures of social support for rehabilitated persons and persons recognized as victims of political repression (1.7 billion rubles. in 2008), for the implementation of measures of social support for labor veterans and home front workers - 11 billion rubles. in 2008, payment of state benefits to citizens with children (4 billion rubles in 2008), and support for a number of other categories Topchy L.V. New approaches to social services for the population in Russia: problems of standardization of social services // Russian Journal of Social Work. -2007. - No. 2. P.34. ...

The existing three-level structure of power (federal, regional and municipal levels) and the corresponding system for managing social processes and the distribution of social functions does not represent an organic unity of the social state, since there are overlaps of competencies, a discrepancy in the distribution of responsibilities and resources, and there are no adequate mechanisms for accounting for territorial social economic features.

The inadequacy of federal social policy is aggravated by the awareness and well-explainable unwillingness of all levels of government to ensure transparency of budgetary federalism. In the context of a shortage of funds for the entire aggregate of social spending, both the Ministry of Finance of Russia, both governors and municipal authorities are interested in the freedom to use targeted social transfers for current needs. One can understand the governor who spends the money received from the center on the salaries of public sector employees for the repair of boiler houses. He cannot allow people and houses to freeze in winter. But in this case it is no longer possible to talk about purposeful social policy and social federalism. This is life in a state of emergency, not a system for meeting the social needs of people in a welfare state. If the Russian Federation has been living in a state of emergency for the past 15 years, and only 11 out of 89 subjects are financial donors, then it is impossible to talk about building a welfare state without solving the problems of financing a single social space throughout the territory.

Significant differentiation of incomes by geography, unequal availability of social support, different levels of indirect taxes for different territories not only violate existing constitutional principles, but make it impossible for the progressive development of the state and an increase in the effectiveness of its social policy.

We have to admit that most of the fundamental principles of social policy are significantly deformed in the absence of taking into account territorial characteristics. And this applies even to the most legally secured national standards. For example, social and labor pensions, even taking into account the increasing coefficients of northerners, due to regional price differentiation, have different purchasing power in different territories.

The redistribution of competence and responsibility between the structural levels of the state began with the breakdown of the system of ensuring social benefits and the provision of social services that had developed in the USSR. In the USSR, where the main subjects of meeting social needs were enterprises and organizations containing a significant part of the social infrastructure (housing, preschool institutions, health camps and dispensaries, medical institutions, sports and cultural facilities, schools and recreational facilities), there was a rigid link between social politics to territory and financial opportunities.

Municipalization of the social sphere has created a new system of relations both vertically (federation - region - municipal formation) and horizontally (local authorities - enterprise - population). At the same time, vertical relations have become decisive, since these are primarily budgetary relations, and every sixth ruble of the consolidated budget is spent on the maintenance of social facilities. Targeted social support of the population. - M., 2007.S. 64. At the same time, this load is extremely unevenly distributed across the regions. There is a gap in the indicators of different subjects by more than 300 times.

The transfer of the entire social infrastructure to the jurisdiction of local authorities (municipalities) without creating a system to ensure the institutional and financial base, the massive withdrawal of social facilities from public use through privatization and the rejection of a number of social guarantees have led to a significant reduction in the ability to meet the social needs of people, the transfer of primary responsibility the state to the local level, which does not have financial sources. The situation became especially paradoxical after the adoption of the Tax Code, which significantly reduced tax revenues at the municipal level. The situation continues to be aggravated by a clearly expressed tendency for the growth of incomes and wages to lag behind the growth in the cost of social services. The redistribution of powers of the subjects of state social policy has occurred and continues in the absence of standards for social obligations of the state at different levels and their provision from the respective budgets.

Since the levels of development of the regions are different, the question of the uniform rights of subsidizing the regions arises. At present, this subsidization takes place through the transfer from the federal level to the address of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of funds necessary for the implementation of their powers. Federal government bodies are empowered to establish the procedure for delineating the expenditure obligations of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and municipalities. Federal government bodies have the right to determine the basis for the formation of income and implementation of expenses at all levels. They determine the procedure for establishing and fulfilling expenditure obligations not only of the federation, but also of its constituent entities, if subventions from the federal budget were previously transferred to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to financially support these expenditure obligations.

Unified social standards could play great importance here as the basis for an objective assessment of the state of affairs in the territory. It is also necessary to ensure the targeted use of transfers. Transfers can have different purposes: additional funds for the payment of wages to public sector employees if they are insufficient in the local budget, the allocation of subventions to maintain a certain minimum level of the social sphere, the provision of payments and subsidies for housing and communal services established by law, etc. The goal of the state is to ensure the constitutional rights of the population to throughout the country. The current situation with the distribution of social functions and responsibilities between the subjects of social policy at the levels of the vertical of power and in the territories along the horizontal clearly indicates that a further increase in the effectiveness of social policy in Russia requires the modernization of interbudgetary relations and the rigid structuring of a unified state social policy throughout the state. space.

The transitional nature of the Russian economy presupposes public consensus, formalized in the form of a medium-term program of socio-economic development, scenario plans for the upcoming budget year, targeted government programs regarding the final and intermediate results of reforms, ways to achieve them, required resources and possible risks. The implementation of this requirement presupposes the unity of scientific ideas about socio-economic reality and the formalization of these ideas into ideology, which is practically unattainable. However, scenario plans and a medium-term program actually exist and are adjusted annually, on their basis, budgets are adopted and legislation is changed.

The system of federal relations existing in Russia at the present time does not implement the principle of the general availability of social benefits; deforms the legal basis of social activity of the state (does not provide real social rights). The adopted legislative framework, which does not take into account regional specifics, does not ensure the implementation of the proclaimed norms; contains various foundations of social protection, implying cross-financing and mismatch of rights and responsibilities; admits a discrepancy between federal and regional norms. Social budgets do not cover the obligations assumed by the state. The social protection system does not provide the required level. The measures taken by the state are not sufficient to raise the welfare of citizens and, finally, measures to create conditions for enhancing the role of municipalities are completely ineffective. Among the tasks of interbudgetary relations in the social sphere, the following can be singled out as the main ones:

provision and guarantees of the constitutional rights of citizens in the field of labor, employment, social protection, education, health protection, culture, housing;

improving the demographic situation, reducing child mortality and mortality of citizens of working age;

financial security for minimum social standards;

formation of an income system that provides each level with the possibility of necessary expenses;

ensuring fair distribution of income and reducing their geographical differentiation.

The basis of budgetary federalism should be a provision according to which each level of government should have powers from its own sources necessary to finance the costs of social obligations imposed on it. In accordance with this postulate, the financing of the social sphere in the social state should represent the distribution of responsibility for the implementation of social functions between the levels of government, the adoption and legislative consolidation of state social standards, the determination of the needs of each state subject of social policy in financing to ensure social standards related to its competence. , and providing each subject with access to the necessary resources and income system.

There are three main reasons why this is not being implemented in the Russian Federation. In the conditions of a transitional economy, there is an objective tendency towards centralization of power and concentration of resources, along with the desire to delegate responsibility for the state of the social sphere to the lower levels of government. Even the surplus of the federal budget of the Russian Federation over the past 5 years did not affect the desire to reduce social spending at all levels.

The distribution of social responsibility between the structural levels of government is based on the attribution of social services to “pure public goods” and “socially significant (mixed) goods”. The "pure public good" includes uniform federal social norms and social factors of macroeconomics associated with the social nature of the market itself (provision of employment, social protection, pension system, social insurance, compensation for damage, etc.). The provision of the public good is a federal responsibility.

2. Study of the activities of local governments to provide targeted assistance to categories of the population on the example of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of the city of Kiselevsk

2.1 Brief description of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of the city of Kiselevsk

The Social Protection Committee is a structural subdivision of the local self-government body of the Administration of the city of Kiselevsk; it realizes the functions of local self-government bodies in organizing and developing a system of social protection and social services for the population within the city of Kiselevsk.

The Social Protection Committee was created in accordance with the scheme of the City Administration Office and is the main directing, coordinating link in the social protection system of the population of Kiselevsk.

In the sphere of social policy of the population, the Committee for Social Support of the Population exercises the following powers:

1. Implements a unified social policy on the territory of the municipality of Kiselevsk.

2: Analyzes the social development of the municipality of Kiselevsk.

3. Participates in the development of interdepartmental programs and plans aimed at the implementation of social policy in the city, organizes their implementation and participates in monitoring the use of funds allocated for these purposes:

program of targeted social support for low-income citizens of the city of Kiselevsk;

Family and Children program;

the program "Social integration and rehabilitation of disabled people in Kiselevsk";

conducts explanatory work on the adopted legal acts in the field of social support of the population;

considers, within the established time limits, applications from citizens referred to the competence of the Committee.

Organizes and conducts city events and actions related to the implementation of social support for the city's population.

Forms a mechanism for providing targeted social assistance to low-income families and low-income citizens living alone.

Participates in the development and implementation of measures for the adaptation of people with disabilities in the urban environment; participates in the coordination of activities for the implementation of measures to ensure access for persons with disabilities to social infrastructure facilities.

Participates in the creation of conditions conducive to strengthening the role of the family in society, improving the quality of family life.

Promotes the strengthening of the family as a social institution, the orientation of social assistance to enhance the family's own potential.

Participates in the development and implementation of measures aimed at creating conditions for social adaptation of children with disabilities to society.

Interacts with public organizations and associations of disabled people, veterans.

Performs other functions that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation and this Regulation in the field of social support for the population of the city of Kiselevsk.

2.2 Organization of the activities of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of Kiselevsk for targeted assistance to the needy categories of the population

In the city of Kiselevsk, social support for the population has a three-tier system: the implementation of guaranteed federal social security, the implementation of the program of social support for the population of the Kemerovo region and the implementation of the program of social support for the population of the city of Kiselevsk to further increase the level of provision of citizens above the federal and regional level.

In the organizational and methodological subordination of the Committee for Social Protection of the Population of the city of Kiselevsk in order to implement measures of social support in the city there is a network of bodies and institutions for social support of the population, including:

1. Office of Social Protection.

2. District Departments for Social Support of the Population, which includes social service centers, departments for the appointment of state benefits for children, departments for the protection of the rights of mothers and children, departments for labor and household placement of disabled people and veterans.

Social hotels with overnight stays.

Center for the rehabilitation of disabled people.

Center for the calculation and payment of pensions and benefits.

Pension for labor veterans.

Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise.

One of the main activities of social support bodies is the provision of targeted assistance to the needy categories.

In the city of Kiselevsk for citizens affected by radiation exposure, there are a number of benefits. For example - free travel in urban passenger and suburban transport without limiting the number of trips. From January 1, 2011, disabled citizens have the right to travel through the territory of the Kemerovo region by intercity road transport with a 50% discount on the cost of travel without limiting the number of trips throughout the entire calendar year. The provision of housing for people affected by radiation exposure is one of the priorities and is constantly monitored. During the period 2006 - 2010, 5 families improved their living conditions at the expense of the federal budget. The list of those in need is constantly monitored. In the city of Kiselevsk, compensation is provided for the cost of own funds to pay the difference between the standard for the cost of the total area of housing, established in the housing certificate, and the real cost of housing. Since 2008, 4 people have received such compensation, who have purchased new apartments. Particular attention is paid to the children of liquidators. Every summer we organize a holiday for children in the sanatorium "Siberian Fairy Tale", some of the children are annually sent to Greece.

The main measures of social support for low-income citizens in the city of Kiselevsk are:

in kind

Vegetable set (annually within the framework of the regulatory documents of the Kemerovo region)

Monthly grocery set.

50% discount on the purchase of high-quality coal in an amount of no more than 4 tons and (or) raw coal no more than 5 tons and (or) brown coal no more than 7.5 tons

Providing children of the first or second year of life with special dairy products for baby food.

in cash

Targeted assistance - subsidies for housing and utility bills (depending on family income, housing and utility bills).

Monthly monetary compensation for bread to pensioners who received a pension of no more than 660 rubles (as of 31.03.2004) 80 kopecks. in a day

Cash payment to home front workers and citizens born before December 31, 1931 inclusive, from among the poor, who received a pension in the amount of not more than 1000 rubles as of 01.04.2003. RUB 1,500

Monthly child allowance 170 rubles http://www.sndko.ru/section/390.html.

Mothers who are raising or mothers who have raised 5 or more minor children are provided with the following social support measures as labor veterans.

in kind

Free public transport

Annual cash payment of 60 rubles for using the antenna

Free dental prosthetics

Free provision of prosthetic and orthopedic products

50% of payment for housing and utilities (including housing for family members) in cash

Free travel by city passenger transport

The amount of the monthly cash payment in case of refusal from social support measures is 247 rubles

Free travel by motor transport of suburban and intercity communication

50% payment for suburban railway and water transport

Monthly cash payment for using the telephone, in the amount of 100 rubles

Annual cash payment of 100 rubles for radio use

Free production and repair of dentures

Mothers awarded the title "Mother Heroine" receive a monthly pension of the Kemerovo region of 500 rubles.

Mothers who have been awarded the Order of Maternal Glory receive a monthly pension of the Kemerovo Region of 250 rubles.

A family with 3 or more minor children

in kind

Reduction of utility bills by 30% within the regional standards of the normative area of living space and consumption standards, as well as the cost of fuel purchased within the limits established for sale to the population living in houses without central heating.

Monthly grocery bundle:

Incomplete large families:

For those who have three children - the cost of a food set is 150 rubles;

For those who have four children - the cost of a food set is 200 rubles;

For those who have five or more children, the cost of a food set is 300 rubles.

Full families:

For those who have 6 or more children - the cost of a food set is 200 rubles.

Free dispensing of prescription drugs for children under 6 years of age.

Free travel in city passenger transport and in public motor transport in suburban traffic for students of educational institutions under 18 years old from large low-income families.

Free meals once a day for students of educational institutions from large families during the educational process.

The cost of food for each child is 15 rubles per day.

Free admission to parks of culture and recreation, state museums, exhibitions once a month for children from large families with one of the parents.

Priority admission of children to municipal preschool educational institutions in the first place.

Allocation of land plots for gardening and horticulture in the first place.

For children from large families, a voucher to a sanatorium, a country health camp, a day camp.

Concessional loans to improve housing conditions, no interest and no down payment, repayable over 20 years.

Parental fees in state and municipal preschool educational institutions are charged at the rate of 10% of the cost of maintaining a child.

One-time free provision of a land plot in state or municipal ownership for gardening, truck farming, animal husbandry, country house construction, personal subsidiary plots, individual housing construction to large low-income families.

in cash

monthly cash payments

Families with 3 or more children, regardless of family income 1000 rubles.

Low-income large families compensation for bread for each child under 18 years of age 80 kopecks per day

Low-income families with many children receive an allowance for each child of 170 rubles.

Measures of targeted support for disabled people in Kiselevsk

In kind:

Free travel by city passenger transport.

Free travel by motor transport of suburban traffic.

50% discount on public intercity motor transport (except for taxis) within the Kemerovo region from May 16 to September 30, incl. for persons accompanying a disabled person of group I or a disabled child.

The right to register citizens in need of better housing conditions for the provision of housing under a social tenancy agreement.

The right to social services.

Parents of disabled children are exempted from paying parental fees for the maintenance of disabled children in municipal educational institutions that implement the main general educational program of preschool education.

Free admission to parks of culture and recreation, state museums, exhibitions once a month for disabled children up to 18 years old with one of the parents.

Transcript

1 Department of social protection of the population at the level of the municipality CONTENTS Introduction 1. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the problem of social protection of the population 1.1 Essence, directions and functions of social protection of the population 1.2 Normative and legal foundations of the management of social protection of the population 1.3 Financing of social protection of the population Conclusions 2. Analysis of activities Department of social protection of the population (on the example of the Lyubertsy district of the Moscow region) 2.1 Management of social protection of the population of the Lyubertsy district of the Moscow region 2.2 Characteristics and functions of social security 2.3 Technologies of social security Conclusions 3. Development of project proposals to improve the work of the Department of social protection of the population 3.1 Recommendations for improving the technology of social provision 3.2 Evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed project proposals Conclusions Conclusion List of used literature Introduction Changes in Russian society in software last decades of the twentieth century. had the following consequences: the emergence of a new, very contradictory structure of society, where some are exorbitantly exalted, while others are at the very bottom of the social ladder. We are talking primarily about the emergence of socially vulnerable categories of the population such as the unemployed, refugees, forced migrants, as well as those categories of citizens who at the present stage do not find adequate support from the state and society, and these are disabled people, pensioners, children, teenagers. In the country as a whole, the number of people in need of protection, marginalized people, alcoholics, drug addicts, homeless people, etc., is constantly growing. In turn, the problems of social assistance have become aggravated, since with the beginning of economic transformations a person with his problems was left to the mercy of the market forces. This process coincided with the professionalization of social work in Russia, which has become a phenomenon of a civilized society. All these circumstances have led to the fact that the study of the formation and functioning of the system of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation, which does not yet have a clear, effectively operating model, becomes more and more relevant every year.

2 Thus, the growth of social tension, changes in the entire social structure of society, demanded a sharp transition from the system of state provision of health care, culture, education, guardianship and trusteeship, recreation to paid services, to the need to provide oneself, one's own life. All this led to the need to create in Russia a new system of social protection of the population, which is defined as the organization of a service for personal assistance to people. Today, social protection of the population should play not only the role of social compensation for the poor, but also serve as a certain counterbalance to the rapidly growing property inequality. The protection of the entire population from progressive impoverishment is becoming an important problem. The actualization of social protection of the population is that the concept of "social protection" is associated with the concept of "social care" of the state, when individual assistance to a person, groups of people, organized by professionally trained people and expressed by the concept of "social work", its ultimate goal will be to support confidence a person in their own strengths, their capabilities. That is why recently the majority of specialists in social protection of the population are rejecting such a broad, but non-specific concept as "social protection of the population", and are increasingly using the term "social support of the population from the state." One of the ultimate goals of the entire social policy of the population is associated with the concept of independent life, which considers a person and his problems in the light of his civil rights, and not from the point of view of his personal and social difficulties, and society needs to focus on overcoming physical and psychological barriers in the environment through social services, methods and means. The need for specialization of forms, improvement of methods of social protection, the emerging issues of financing the social sphere have led to an increased interest in solving these problems of many specialists. In addition, in recent years, there has been more and more talk about the transfer of the main functions of providing social support to the population from the federal and regional levels of government to "localities", for example, to municipalities. However, for the most part, the mechanisms of this transfer and the process of implementing social protection of the population, thus, have not been studied and defined. The aim of the study is to develop proposals for improving social security. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) give a description and functions of social security in modern conditions, find out its functions and give a classification of the main types of social security; 2) determine the importance of social security for different groups of the population; 3) analyze the technology of social security; 6) outline recommendations for improving the technology of social security and highlighting the main priorities of social policy.

3 In accordance with this goal, it is planned to solve the following tasks: to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation; to analyze the activities of institutions of social protection of the population in the Moscow region and the municipality of the Lyubertsy district of Lyubertsy; analyze social security in modern conditions, find out its functions and give a classification of the main types of social security; Object: research on social protection of the population and social security. Subject: development of proposals for improving social security, assessment of the effectiveness of project proposals for social protection of the population The legal basis for social protection of certain categories of the population is the following laws of the Russian Federation "On forced migrants", "On employment of the population in the Russian Federation", "On social protection of disabled people", "On social services for elderly citizens and the disabled", "On the basics of labor protection in the Russian Federation", "On the basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation", etc. Many researchers are interested in the formation and functioning of the social protection system of the population at the present stage. modern Russian society. So the basics of organizing social protection of the population are considered in the works of such authors as M.I. Lepikhov, N. Podshibyakina, V. Sharin and others. The economic foundations of social protection of the population are considered by V.D. Roick, T.S. Panteleeva, G.A. Chervyakov and others. The main directions and principles of social work are presented in the works of A.I. Voitenko, E.I. Komarova, A.N. Savinov, P.D. Pavlenok and others. The practical significance of the work is determined by the fact that the research results can be used in the development of social programs, as well as in the educational process, in the professional training of specialists. The work consists of three chapters, an introduction, a conclusion and a list of sources used. 1. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the problem of social protection of the population 1.1 The essence, directions and functions of social protection of the population Modern Russia is going through a transitional period that has affected all spheres of the country's socio-economic life, causing the emergence of many socially unprotected segments of the population of the unemployed, refugees and internally displaced persons, disabled people, etc. In these conditions, social protection of the population, or protection from risks through comprehensive assistance to a person from outside

4 states in solving various problems throughout his life, acquires key importance, in accordance with the social policy pursued in Russia. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, the Russian Federation (RF) was proclaimed a social state. Its most characteristic features are reflected in the ongoing social policy, which, according to Art. 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a dignified life and free development of a person. Social policy is the sphere of practical implementation of the most important function of the state to create conditions that ensure each member of society meets his needs, taking into account the system of values approved by society, and therefore a person is always at the center of social policy, who simultaneously acts as its goal, subject and subject. Social policy is a part of the general policy of the state, which concerns relations between social groups, between society as a whole and its members, associated with changes in the social structure, an increase in the well-being of citizens, an improvement in their lives, the satisfaction of their material and spiritual needs, and an improvement in their way of life. Social policy is implemented through a system of measures, ethics and morality. Including (the formation and determination of the place of the latter in the life of individual members of society (individuals, families, groups, strata, etc.); on the social and personal life of members of society, including state regulation of the material and cultural environment in which needs are satisfied person in food, clothing, housing, recreation, entertainment, health maintenance; on the socio-psychological characteristics of various types of individuals, social groups, strata, etc. the policy of the Russian Federation, being a system of principles, methods, social guarantees legally established by the state, measures and institutions that ensure the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and active existence of an individual, various social categories and groups; a set of measures, actions, state funds and society, directed against situations of risk in the normal life of citizens. Social protection is the policy of the state aimed at ensuring social, economic, political and other rights and guarantees of a person, regardless of his gender, nationality, age, place of residence and other circumstances. Social protection of the population in the broad sense of the word is a set of socio-economic measures carried out by the state and society and ensuring the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and the active existence of an individual to various social categories and groups, as well as a set of measures,

5 directed against situations of risk in the normal life of citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, death of the breadwinner. It presents a set of measures to ensure a minimum level of material support for socially vulnerable groups of the population guaranteed by the state during the period of economic transformations. ... The rapid development of the methodology and methodology of social protection of the population is characteristic of the current stage, which has the most important practical and theoretical significance. It should be noted that the methodology of social protection is understood as a system of principles and methods of organizing and constructing theoretical and practical activities directed against risk situations in the normal life of citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, disability, death of the breadwinner, and others, and the methodology is a combination of techniques, research methods and operations of practical and theoretical development of social protection of the population as a system. The system of social protection of the population at the present stage includes: social security; social insurance; social support (assistance). Social protection of citizens is carried out at the expense of the federal and local budgets, specially created funds for social support of the population, non-state funds. The main principles of social protection of the population are humanity, social justice, targeting, comprehensiveness, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual. The need to improve the system of social protection of the population is caused by the transition to market relations in society. The main goals of social protection of the population are reduced to the following: 1) getting rid of absolute poverty, when the average per capita total family income is below the subsistence level; 2) provision of material assistance to the population in extreme conditions; 3) assistance in the adaptation of socially vulnerable groups of the population to the conditions of a market economy. So, one of the elements of social protection of the population in the crisis conditions of the transition to market relations is social assistance, provision in cash or in kind, in the form of services or benefits provided taking into account social guarantees legally established by the state; a set of social services, medico-social, socio-economic, social, social, psychological, socio-pedagogical and other support of a person from state and non-state structures during his crisis state, in difficult life situations. The provision of state social assistance is carried out in the following forms: 1) cash payments (social benefits, subsidies, compensations and other payments);

6 2) in-kind assistance (fuel, food, clothing, footwear, medicines and other types of in-kind assistance). Social assistance performs the function of poverty relief for certain groups of the population in extreme conditions; is in the nature of periodic and one-time cash supplements to pensions and benefits, in-kind payments and services in order to neutralize critical life situations, unfavorable economic conditions. Social assistance (support) is carried out at the expense of local authorities, enterprises (organizations), off-budget and charitable foundations in order to provide targeted, differentiated assistance to those in need. Social security is a system of legal, economic and organizational measures created by the state, which are aimed at compensating or minimizing the consequences of changes in the material and (or) social situation of citizens, and in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, other categories of individuals due to the onset of circumstances recognized by the state as socially significant (insurance risks). Social insurance is a part of the state system of social protection of the population, the specificity of which is the insurance of working citizens against possible changes in the material and (or) social situation, including due to circumstances beyond their control. Compulsory social insurance is a system of legal, economic, organizational measures created by the state aimed at compensating or minimizing the consequences of changes in the material and (or) social situation of working citizens, and in cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation, other categories of citizens due to their recognition as unemployed, labor injury or occupational disease, disability, illness, injury, pregnancy and childbirth, loss of a breadwinner, as well as the onset of old age, the need for medical care, spa treatment and the onset of other established insurance risks subject to compulsory social insurance. Today in the Russian Federation there are 4 types of compulsory state social insurance: 1) pension insurance; 2) social insurance in case of temporary disability; 3) social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases; 4) medical insurance. The most important component of social protection of the population is the institution of social work bodies. The purpose of their activities is to pursue state policy aimed at establishing stable and orderly links between different levels of the organizational system, designed to form social relations in society, provide citizens with potential life benefits to meet their needs, and develop economic independence in management.

7 The objects of management in the system of social protection of the population are institutions and organizations, labor and educational collectives of this system, as well as relations between people. Subjects of management - bodies directly involved in the problems of social assistance to the population (ministries, committees, departments, departments, departments of social protection of the population, labor collectives). The main function of bodies, institutions of social protection of the population (SZN) is to improve the activities of its various structural elements, regulated by certain norms and controlled by social institutions to ensure the achievement of the set goals. The main levels of social work bodies: federal level (republic); region; labor collective; non-governmental (charitable) public organizations. An important role in the system of social protection of the population is played by trade unions, administration and various forms of self-government in labor collectives. The main functions of the administration of social protection of the population at the federal level are: 1) organization of pension services and provision of benefits; 2) social services; 3) medical and social expertise; 4) rehabilitation of disabled people and provision of prosthetic and orthopedic assistance; 5) social assistance to families and children; 6) preparation of legislation on social protection of the population; 7) foreign economic and international cooperation; 8) development of provisions on the fundamentals of social policy; 9) analysis and forecast of the standard of living of various categories of the population; 10) preparation of recommendations for the development of regional social programs; 11) development of social standards, etc. The functions of the management of social protection of the population at the regional (local) level are regulated by higher authorities with a certain independence and include: 1) provision and solution of production and economic problems; 2) planned and financial and economic activities; 3) the creation of various funds for social assistance; 4) solving economic problems, etc. The functions of the labor collective: 1) production and economic; 2) b) political; 3) c) managerial; 4) d) social;

8 5) e) educational. Forms of social protection are "the reflection in collective agreements of additional measures of social protection, support (payments, benefits, in-kind assistance, etc.) for workers and their families, as well as pensioners at the expense of the respective funds of enterprises." The social functions of the labor collective are: 1) improving the material and cultural living conditions of people; 2) development of the social structure of the team; 3) improving relations within the team; 4) improvement of social security, health care; 5) organization of assistance in family life, leisure activities; 6) compliance with the principle of social justice. Certain functions are performed by various charitable organizations and funds for social assistance to the population: 1) social and medical assistance to the lonely, the elderly, the infirm; 2) b) social rehabilitation of disabled people; 3) c) legal assistance to socially needy categories of the population, etc. ... In general, the purpose of the social protection system is manifested in its general functions: 1. The economic function is expressed in the provision of material support to citizens in a difficult life situation, in promoting the development of social production in general and individual sectors of the national economy, the economic recovery of priority development zones. 2. A political function aimed at bringing together the social level of various strata of the population, creating conditions that ensure a decent life for every person. It is designed to stabilize social relations. 3. The demographic function helps to stimulate the growth of the country's population, the reproduction of a healthy generation, and an increase in life expectancy. 4. The social and rehabilitation function is associated with meeting the needs of the elderly and disabled citizens. It is expressed in the creation of conditions conducive to the preservation of their legal status and the protection of the health of all citizens. Table 1.1 shows the social protection of the population and the mechanism for its implementation is based on the corresponding constitutional and legal provisions. At the moment, there are four main areas of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation. Social protection of the population Figure 1.1

9 The first direction of social protection is social protection of children, childhood and adolescence, which is focused on creating conditions for the life and development of children that allow all children, regardless of the family in which they were born and live, to have the best opportunities to maintain health, material well-being, free accessible education, preschool and school education, harmonious spiritual and moral development, realization of one's abilities. July 24, 1998 the Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation” was adopted. In accordance with it, the state "recognizes childhood as an important stage in a person's life and proceeds from the principles of the priority of preparing children for a full life in society, developing socially significant and creative activity in them, fostering high moral qualities, patriotism and citizenship in them." The law "On basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation" also establishes "basic guarantees of the rights and legitimate interests of the child, provided for by the Constitution, in order to create legal, socio-economic conditions for the realization of the rights and legitimate interests of the child." The law appeared at the right time, since the transition to new socio-economic relations, the breakdown of the old system and the change in the domestic and foreign policy of Russia led to the emergence of such categories of children that did not exist in Soviet times. These are children in difficult life situations left without parental care, disabled children, children with mental and (or) physical developmental disabilities, etc. State policy in the interests of children is based on the principles of legislative provision of the rights of the child; state support of the family in order to ensure the full-fledged upbringing of children, protect their rights, prepare them for a full life in society; establishing and observing state minimum social standards of the main indicators of the quality of life of children, taking into account regional differences of these indicators; responsibility of officials, citizens for violation of the rights and legitimate interests of the child, causing him harm; state support for local governments, public associations and other organizations that carry out activities to protect the rights and legitimate interests of the child. Accordingly, social protection of children and adolescents should effectively protect children of all age groups, as well as periods of development, from social risks. At the present stage, the creation of specialized institutions for minors, which are designed to provide assistance to the category of adolescents who have not previously received the attention of the authorities, is of particular importance for the social protection of children. Abandoned by family and school, they were, at best, of interest only to law enforcement agencies in connection with the commission of illegal actions. In violation of international legal norms, children and adolescents who did not commit offenses were often detained for long periods of time.

10 reception centers of internal affairs bodies, awaiting referral to residential care institutions. Thus, the social protection of children and adolescents at the present stage is consistent with the state policy in the field of childhood, which recognizes this period of a person's life as the most important stage, and therefore undertakes to do everything to prepare them for a full life. Social protection of children and adolescents is characterized by multidirectionality, affecting the most diverse spheres of their life, however, the priority area of work is work with children and adolescents suffering from one or another degree of social maladjustment, which leads them to the streets, to drugs, prostitution, etc. Second the direction of social protection is social protection of the working-age population, designed to "provide for the creation of conditions that ensure a balance of rights, obligations and interests of citizens, when a person can fully realize the ability to economic independence, while not infringing on the interests of fellow citizens and participating in social assistance to those in need" ... Labor, its remuneration and, as a result, money savings, purchased securities and real estate should become the main sources of income and social well-being of a person. A working person must be sure that the most difficult life situations - illness, temporary period of unemployment or other problems that infringe upon his economic independence and social well-being, will be overcome if he makes his own efforts, since the country has all the conditions for this. Social protection of the able-bodied population, their labor protection are based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On the basics of labor protection in the Russian Federation", adopted on July 17, 1999, and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The implementation of the main directions of state policy in the field of labor protection is ensured by coordinated actions of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies, employers, employers' associations, as well as trade unions, their associations and other representative bodies authorized by employees on safety issues labor. The state implements programs for training, vocational training and retraining of workers, and also guarantees the payment of unemployment benefits and retraining. The state provides citizens who have lost their jobs, dismissed from enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as citizens who are looking for work for the first time or who wish to resume work after a long break, compensation, and pays scholarships during the period of vocational training, retraining or advanced training; pays unemployment benefits; creates opportunities for participation in paid public works; compensates for costs in

11 connection with voluntary relocation to another area at the suggestion of the employment service. Every citizen who has reached the age of 16 and has unemployed status can exercise the right to receive unemployment benefits or compensation. This right is lost when a citizen reaches retirement age. Along with labor protection, an important component of the social policy of the state is the protection of the health of citizens. Health protection of citizens is a set of measures of a political, economic, legal, social, cultural, scientific, medical, sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic nature, aimed at preserving and strengthening the physical and mental health of each person, maintaining his long active life, providing him with medical assistance in in case of loss of health. Thus, it can be concluded that social protection of the working-age population should provide for mechanisms that provide citizens of the Russian Federation with protection from social risks that hinder: effective human employment; providing, in accordance with the legislation, additional guarantees of employment to categories of the population in need of special social protection and experiencing difficulties in finding a job, including young people, single and large parents raising minors or children with disabilities, persons of pre-retirement age, military personnel transferred to the reserve , persons with disabilities, persons affected by man-made and natural disasters, as well as victims of military conflicts, persons who have been unemployed for a long time, persons who are serving a sentence or were under compulsory treatment by a court decision, etc .; payment and receipt of wages and all types of social benefits in the amounts and terms stipulated by law; health protection of workers and prevention of unfavorable working conditions; provision and receipt of material and other assistance to persons who are in crisis material and social situations; realization by young people of their potential in scientific, cultural and sports plans; equality of men and women in all matters of social life (first of all, we are talking about full de facto equality in pay, promotion, access to education, scientific activity, culture and sports). The third direction of social protection is social protection of disabled citizens, which should be aimed at humanizing all spheres of life of these people. It is unacceptable for any of them to feel like a superfluous person who burdens loved ones, society. Everyone should preserve the desire and opportunity to live in the family for as long as possible, actively participate in the economic, political, cultural development of society, enjoy all its benefits and, if possible, increase them.

12 In accordance with Art. 2 of the Federal Law "On the Social Protection of Disabled Persons", adopted on November 24, 1995, social protection of disabled people is a system of state-guaranteed economic, social and legal measures that provide disabled people with conditions for overcoming, replacing (compensating) disabilities and aimed at creating equal other citizens opportunities to participate in society. Social services for elderly citizens and disabled people is an activity to meet their needs for social services. It includes a set of social services, care, catering, assistance in obtaining medical, legal, socio-psychological and natural types of assistance, assistance. In vocational training, employment, leisure activities; assistance in organizing funeral services and others that are provided to elderly citizens and disabled people at home or in social service institutions, regardless of their form of ownership. The fourth direction of social protection is social protection of the family, which should ensure effective prevention of social risks that hinder: the preservation of the institution of the family; creation and preservation of a family; living in a family of its members suffering from disabilities; implementation of measures to provide workers with family responsibilities with such conditions of employment that would allow them to combine family and professional responsibilities; the development and assistance of state and other forms of ownership of institutions and services for childcare and family assistance; ensuring that every woman has the right to the widest possible range of family planning services; measures to reduce maternal and child mortality; granting women the right to maternity leave; granting parental leave to the mother or father (guardian) or, at the discretion of the family, to another relative who is actually caring for the child; termination of labor relations between the employer and the woman during her absence from work for the above reason; payment of benefits for child care, pregnancy and childbirth benefits for a woman to receive medical support, including free prenatal health care, obstetric care during childbirth and after childbirth; the employer's refusal to hire and reduce the wages of women for reasons related to pregnancy and childbirth, the presence of children;

13 transfer of pregnant women, as well as women with children under the age of 3 years, in accordance with medical requirements, to lighter work, excluding the impact of adverse production factors without reducing wages; the development of family leisure and recreation. Social protection of the family at the present stage is the most developing area of social protection, since it is in the family that all the social problems characteristic of modern Russian society are reflected, and these problems are always specific, since they are directly related to the type of family. The organization of the implementation of these areas of social protection of the population is determined by the regulatory framework of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation. 1.2 Regulatory and legal framework for the management of social protection of the population Social protection of the population and the mechanism of its implementation are based on the constitutional and legal framework and international covenants on human rights and freedoms. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international covenants on civil and political, economic, social and cultural rights proclaim and recognize the rights of all people to life, liberty and security of person, dignity, freedom of opinion, the right to work, rest, education, social security, protection of material and moral interests. Society cannot do without establishing the rights, freedoms and duties of its citizens. At the same time, they cannot be set arbitrarily, since they are conditioned by the achieved level of material, cultural and spiritual capabilities. The fundamental rights, freedoms and duties of citizens are legally enshrined and guaranteed by the state in its main law of the Constitution. The Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaims that the Russian Federation is a social state, the policy of which is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a dignified life and free human development. Labor and health of people are also protected in the Russian Federation. A guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support for family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, disabled people and the elderly is provided, a system of social services is developing, state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection are established. Article 38 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation states: 1. Every citizen is guaranteed social security by age, in the event of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for raising children and in other cases established by law. 2. Pensions and benefits are established. In Art. 39 of the Constitution, according to which every person is guaranteed social security in cases of incapacity for work, for the upbringing of children and in other situations established by law.

14 Every citizen has the right to social protection. The Constitution imposes the duty on the state to create all the necessary conditions for the exercise of this right. It not only proclaims the right of citizens to social protection, but also clearly defines the ways of its implementation. First of all, these are: compulsory pension insurance for employees; creation of other funds that are sources of financing for social protection of the population; the adoption of federal laws guaranteeing the implementation of these rights. In particular, on August 2, 1995. the Federal Law "On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people" was adopted. According to the degree of concentration of legislative material, this law can be considered as a normative act of codification value. It is distinguished by the relevance of normative regulation, a special capacious internal structure (consists of 7 chapters, 40 articles), which provides a unified coordinated normative regulation of relations in the field of social services for the specified category of citizens. This law, in essence, is the basic one for the institution of social services, since regulates in a complex a range of issues related to social services for the two most weakly social groups of the population, elderly citizens and disabled people. Federal Law "On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" dated December 10, 1995. consolidates the foundations of legal regulation in the field of social services for citizens in difficult life situations. At the same time, the following principles of social services for citizens are distinguished: targeting; availability; voluntariness; humanity; priority; confidentiality; preventive focus. The codification law, the norms of which regulate public relations, are the Fundamentals of the Legislation of the Russian Federation "On the Protection of Citizens' Health" dated July 22, 1993. The foundations consolidate the concept of protecting the health of citizens and its basic principles, the rights of citizens in the field of health protection. In particular, it separately provides for the right to health protection: family, pregnant women and mothers, minors, military personnel, elderly citizens, disabled people. The federal law of May 19, 1995 also became a codification law. "On state benefits to citizens with children." This law has consolidated a unified system of benefits addressed to citizens with children. This is a maternity allowance for a woman, a one-time allowance for women registered in the early stages of pregnancy; childbirth allowance for every family; allowance for parental leave until 1.5 years of age; a monthly allowance for each child from birth to 16 (students 18) years of age. In subsequent years, amendments to this law were issued, in terms of changing the amount of payments.

15 Another codification law was the Federal Law of July 16, 1999 No. "On the basics of compulsory social insurance." He consolidated the basic principles of compulsory social insurance, types of social risks, insured events, types of insurance coverage for compulsory social insurance, rights and obligations of subjects of compulsory social insurance. Citizens are provided with social benefits in accordance with the above-mentioned Law of the Russian Federation "On State Benefits to Citizens with Children", as well as the Law of the Russian Federation "On Employment of the Population in the Russian Federation" as amended on April 20, 1996, Federal Law of December 21, 1996. "On additional guarantees for the social protection of orphans and children left without parental care", Federal Laws of September 17, 1998. "On immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases" and dated January 12, 1996. "On burial and funeral business." A number of current laws regulate pensions for various categories of citizens, for example, the Federal Law of 173-FZ "On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation" and the Federal Law of 166-FZ "On State Pensions in the Russian Federation. Social protection involves the provision of assistance to specific individuals in need, taking into account their individual needs. In the Russian Federation, the relevant normative legal acts have been issued and are in force to regulate the provision of social support to one or another category of those in need. Of great practical importance in the implementation of social protection of various categories of the population is adopted a number of social programs, the great advantage of which is the special allocation of "program resources" and their concentration on the achievement of sub-goals, objectives and, ultimately, the goals of the programs. Today, the following social programs operate in the Russian Federation: Federal comprehensive program “Social support for disabled people”; Presidential program "Youth of Russia"; The program for retraining and providing employment for military personnel subject to dismissal, and reserve or retirement, citizens dismissed from military service, and their families in places of their compact residence; Federal Migration Program; Programs Development of social protection of the population of the municipal formation Lyuberetskiy municipal district of the Moscow region for years; Thus, the Constitution as the main law of the state and normative legal acts that concretize and fill with real content social rights, freedoms and obligations of the individual (Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws, Government Resolutions, legal acts adopted by the subjects of the Federation, municipal authorities) constitute and form the legal space in which the social mechanism for the protection of interests

16 human rees. The action and effectiveness of this mechanism are directly related to the activities of people and largely depend on their conscientiousness, professionalism, competence and other qualities. Quite often, the official, indifferent attitude of officials to their duties, insufficient legal competence of citizens and officials lead to the fact that the legal norms of protecting the population and its interests do not work. That is why the further development and improvement of the social protection system requires a more serious approach to solving legal issues. 1.3 Financing social protection of the population Socio-economic reforms carried out during the formation of a market economy in Russia have led to radical changes in the life of society. Their most important consequence was transformations in the form of ownership, which were reduced, in particular, to the emergence of non-state forms of management along with state ones. These processes have fully embraced the social sphere as well. The consequences turned out to be contradictory, primarily because in parallel with the traditional state free services, a market for social services began to form. In connection with the emergence of non-state social service institutions, the offer has changed, and people have a real opportunity to choose the most preferred forms of medical care, insurance, etc. Social protection turned out to be in many respects equalizing, not targeted and therefore insufficient and ineffective. The financial situation of pensioners, disabled people and large families has worsened especially noticeably. the most vulnerable, low-income social groups of the population of Russia. ... The main principles of financing social work at the local level include the following: the principle of using financial and economic factors to increase the level of social protection and the formation of social funds; the principle of social responsiveness to inflation, rising living wages, the cost of the food basket, and the level of housing prices; the principle of a differentiated approach in determining the amount of appropriations and social assistance, depending on the specifics of the region and local conditions; principles of economic independence of local authorities in the accumulation and use of funds in accordance with the law; criteria of economic efficiency, taking into account the volume of social expenditures; taking into account the state minimum standards within which funds should be allocated for the main social positions; the advantage of the social sphere in the distribution of additional budgetary revenues. The problem of the regularity of salary payments remains unresolved.

17 Pensions continue to remain at an extremely low level. The average value is almost one third less than the subsistence minimum, despite the fact that their purchasing power has been halved. Objectively, it should be noted that in the current economic conditions, attempts were made to mitigate the negative consequences of a sharp drop in living standards and partially compensate for the losses of the most needy groups of the population. However, compensatory measures to index wages and other monetary incomes of the population were often late and did not fully compensate for the damage caused by inflation from the depreciation of money. Ultimately, all this negatively affected the financial support of the budgetary sphere of social services for the population. Today the financing of social services for the population is multichannel. Funds for his needs come from the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, off-budget social funds and non-state pension funds. Funds belonging to enterprises, organizations and institutions of various forms of ownership, as well as funds of the population, sponsors and specialized incomes, including international ones, are also sent here. Consolidated budget expenditures for social activities together with the expenditures of three off-budget social funds amount to approximately 17-18% of GDP. Expenditures from all sources of funding for social services are now significantly higher. These figures do not take into account the resources aimed at social services to the population, firstly, social services paid for by enterprises, organizations and institutions, secondly, payments of pensions from non-state pension funds, and, finally, thirdly, the population's expenditures on paying for social services purchased not only in an open, state-controlled, but also in the shadow economy, the scale of which is from 40 to 69% of the legal economy. Self-financing of social services for the population has become widespread and allows us to conclude that now the demand for social services is not satisfied. The emergence of unsatisfactory demand is mainly caused by the reduction in the amount of free or preferential services for the population by enterprises and institutions of the public sector. At the same time, the demand for social services is largely provoked by a decrease in government spending on the budgetary sphere. Insufficiency of budgetary financing of social protection of the population is exacerbated by the use of the estimated form of financing, which is inherently flawed. With this form of allocation of financial resources, the relationship between costs and benefits is lost or at least significantly weakened, not the volume and quality of the work (services) performed, but the time of being at work is financed. With this approach, wages are directly dependent on education, length of service, position, time worked. At the same time, the quality of work and service is only implied, but not directly and specifically taken into account. The method of labor rationing with this variant of the estimated

18 financing inevitably leads to leveling and, ultimately, a decrease in incentives for performance. In a regulated market economy, it is necessary to link financial resources with performance. This should be achieved mainly through the use of contractual forms of interaction between the state and the relevant social institutions and organizations that are not directly subordinate to state authorities and act on a self-supporting commercial or non-commercial basis when fulfilling orders from the state. The financial relationship between the latter and the service institutions and organizations that are bound by the contract is determined by the market mechanism. The advantage of these forms of financing is the release from the organizational rigidity of the attachment of the service organization to certain power structures, i.e. from the principle of financing "by subordination". The form of using the financial resources of the budget for the needs of the sphere of social protection is its provision to institutions and organizations that are self-supporting and have independent incomes, i.e. providing services for a fee. As a rule, the reason for the existence of subsidies and subsidies from the budget was the numerous and varied benefits for various strata and social groups of the population. Their range is unusually wide from complete free of charge to partial participation in cost recovery. The benefit always acts as an alternative to increasing individual monetary income. In reality, there are two options for increasing welfare: either by increasing individual monetary incomes obtained through distribution according to work, as well as through the system of social insurance and social security, or by curbing the growth of monetary incomes and developing a system of benefits in the purchase of goods and services. The first option is more natural, since it requires increased returns, more productive labor. In this sense, it is cost effective. Under it, an increase in demand is based on an increase in production and does not need a centralized redistribution of income. A high level of individual monetary income under conditions of normal (non-inflationary) development ensures a fairly high level of consumption, including social services. Benefits in Russia are a partial payment for low wages and social benefits. The widespread use of the apparatus of benefits for social services does not fit into the regime of the market economy. This, however, does not mean that benefits financed from the budget should not be used, since targeted benefits, unlike the payment of monetary compensation, associate economic assistance from the state with the consumption of a specific good and service. The creation of off-budget social funds in the harsh conditions of a market economy was aimed at achieving greater social protection of the population. In practice, this meant compliance with the insurance basis for the formation

19 resources of specialized social funds, strictly targeted spending of their funds, ensuring the possibility of periodic indexation of payments due to an increase in the fund's accumulations. Off-budget social funds (State Social Insurance Fund, Pension Fund, Mandatory Medical Insurance Fund) in the form in which they exist today represent a system for mobilizing financial resources that ensure constitutional rights and guarantees of Russian citizens to receive social assistance. However, despite the fact that formally the system of off-budget social funds functions autonomously, they are all deprived of the right at their own discretion, taking into account the current situation, to change the conditions for the formation of their own resource base, first of all, to revise the rates of insurance premiums. Under current conditions, the introduction of insurance principles into the activities of off-budget funds is difficult. At the same time, the prospects for the development and financing of social assistance to the population in the most important areas of the social sphere, which include various types and forms of social insurance, should remain with extra-budgetary funds. The existing functional structure of these funds is consolidated. Three extrabudgetary funds cover the most important sectors and areas of social services and social services. World experience shows that many countries, while increasing spending on social development, follow the path of their detailing and specialization. In this regard, attempts to consolidate social extra-budgetary funds, in particular, the unification of the Social Insurance Fund with the Mandatory Medical Insurance Fund, seem to be short-sighted. And although today the possibilities of resource provision of state social insurance are limited, as a rule, not through the fault of the fund itself, in the interests of long-term development it is necessary to preserve the independent existence of these funds. It should be noted that there were enough financial resources to fulfill the tasks assigned to social funds in the first years of their existence, but later difficulties began associated with general economic difficulties and the peculiarities of the functioning of individual funds. The decline in production and the growth of inflation, on the one hand, led to difficulties for enterprises in the deductions of insurance premiums, and on the other hand, the need for additional costs for periodic indexation of payments of pensions and benefits. In addition, disruption to the work of funds was brought about by violations of financial discipline both by the payers of funds to the funds (an increase in the indebtedness of insurers and the budget, for example, to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation), and by the funds themselves, which committed various financial violations. Non-payments of enterprises to off-budget social funds, shortcomings and abuses in the funds themselves, difficulties in relations with commercial banks gave rise to various proposals: from taking measures to reform the activities of off-budget social funds to their complete “consolidation”. One of the areas of reform is the one laid down in the new Tax

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1. Theoretical aspects of providing social support to the population of the municipality

1.1 Concept of social security

In a narrow sense, social protection is considered as a set of legislatively enshrined economic and legal guarantees that ensure the observance of the most important social rights of citizens and the achievement of a socially acceptable standard of living.

But for all its novelty, this concept should be based on the results and conclusions of domestic scientists who previously studied such important components of social protection as social security and social insurance.

In the 1920s and 1930s, N.A. was engaged in the study of social security and social insurance. Vigdorchik, L.V. Zabelin, V. Durdenevsky, Z.R. Tetterborn et al.

risk by decomposing it into participants in the social production process, an integral part of labor law.

L.V. Zabelin considered social security a generic term in relation to social insurance. Therefore, from his point of view, all the features of social security are equally characteristic of social insurance.

In the 1950s and 1960s, N.G. Alexandrov, B.C. Andreev, E.I. Astrakhan, V.A. Acharkan, K.S. Batygin, M.V. Baglai, A.D. Zaikin, M.L. Zakharov and V.I. Usenin, P.M. Tsivilev and others.

Subsequently, research in the field of social security was carried out by such prominent legal scholars as R.I. Ivanova, A.S. Pashkov, M.I. Polupanov, V.V. Rogozhin, A.I. Stavtseva, V.A. Tarasova, E.G. Tuchkova, V.Sh. Shaikhatdinov and others.

This definition is universal and reflects the essence of social security, regardless of the specific historical conditions (economic and political system) in which it is organized. It is based on the following stable features:

-objective grounds that cause the need for a special mechanism of social protection aimed at maintaining or providing a certain level of life support;

special funds, sources of social security;

special ways of providing livelihood;

- consolidation of the rules for the provision of social security in social, including legal norms.

The essence of social security is most clearly manifested in its functions: economic, political, demographic, rehabilitation and others.

The source of financing for its implementation is the state (centralized) off-budget social funds, which are formed on a territorial basis. Off-budget social funds include: pension, employment, compulsory health insurance, social insurance, social support.

The political function of social security contributes to the maintenance of social stability in a society in which there are significant differences in the standard of living of various segments of the population.

The demographic function is designed to stimulate the reproduction of the population, which is necessary for the normal development of the country.

The social rehabilitation function is aimed at restoring the social status of disabled citizens and other socially weak groups of the population, allowing them to feel like full-fledged members of society.

The satisfaction of needs can be carried out with the help of:

assignment of cash payments (pensions, benefits, compensations) on a non-equivalent, but standardized basis, or free (alimentary) outside of connection with work and payment of contributions;

provision of free medical services for the consumer under compulsory medical insurance programs;

the provision of social services free of charge to the consumer within the state minimum standards, and above them

at preferential rates.

The existence of this complex of relations is due to objective reasons, therefore the state is interested in their development and carries out their legal regulation.

1.2 Actual problems of social protection of the population in municipalities

self-government security social municipal

to protect socially vulnerable groups of the population from the hard impact of the market and poverty, who cannot do without social support from the state;

to contribute by means of social policy to the economic activation of various strata of the population, the development of their adaptation to the market, and the overcoming of dependent sentiments in relation to the state.

The development strategy of a Russian city should neutralize or restrain as much as possible the social stratification of the population while increasing the socio-economic efficiency of the city's economic complex.

Currently, the current legal framework is in conflict with the main principle of the activities of municipal bodies of social protection of the population - the targeting of social assistance.

State social assistance should be provided primarily on the basis of a declarative approach. With the declarative principle, receiving social assistance is a purely voluntary matter and applicants deliberately go to disclose their income in order to prove their low income.

When providing social assistance to the needy population, it is advisable to distribute the entire burden of its implementation between the federal, regional and local levels of budgets.

In addition, the strengthening of the role of municipal authorities in the implementation of social assistance programs, on the one hand, and a certain freedom in decision-making, on the other, is an indispensable condition for improving its targeting and effectiveness.

To reduce the dependent moods of certain groups of the population and to focus them on the independent solution of emerging economic problems, providing social assistance only to those citizens who are in a difficult life situation who cannot overcome it on their own.

To redistribute available funds in favor of the really poor and thereby provide an opportunity to increase the amount of social assistance provided to these segments of the population.

It is impossible to implement all this separately for each municipal entity. That is why it is necessary to submit coordinated proposals to the federal authorities in order to formulate a state social policy that meets the needs of the population.

1.3 The content and goals of the social policy of the municipality

The problem is that the old mechanisms of social protection and social services do not correspond to market relations and are ineffective in market conditions.

The preservation of effective social mechanisms presupposes the adaptation of existing social protection systems to market relations and their development in new conditions.

In the process of adopting Law No. 122-FZ in the State Duma, it was decided to grant beneficiaries the right to choose whether to receive a monthly cash payment or a “social package”, which is social benefits saved in kind.

provision and guarantees of the constitutional rights of citizens in the field of labor, employment, social protection, education, health protection, culture, housing;

improving the demographic situation, reducing child mortality and mortality of citizens of working age;

financial security for minimum social standards;

formation of an income system that provides each level with the possibility of necessary expenses;

ensuring fair distribution of income and reducing their geographical differentiation.

2. Study of the activities of local governments to provide targeted assistance to categories of the population on the example of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of the city of Kiselevsk

2.1 Brief description of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of the city of Kiselevsk

The Social Protection Committee was created in accordance with the scheme of the City Administration Office and is the main directing, coordinating link in the social protection system of the population of Kiselevsk.

In the sphere of social policy of the population, the Committee for Social Support of the Population exercises the following powers:

1. Implements a unified social policy on the territory of the municipality of Kiselevsk.

2: Analyzes the social development of the municipality of Kiselevsk.

3. Participates in the development of interdepartmental programs and plans aimed at the implementation of social policy in the city, organizes their implementation and participates in monitoring the use of funds allocated for these purposes:

program of targeted social support for low-income citizens of the city of Kiselevsk;

Family and Children program;

the program "Social integration and rehabilitation of disabled people in Kiselevsk";

conducts explanatory work on the adopted legal acts in the field of social support of the population;

considers, within the established time limits, applications from citizens referred to the competence of the Committee.

Organizes and conducts city events and actions related to the implementation of social support for the city's population.

Forms a mechanism for providing targeted social assistance to low-income families and low-income citizens living alone.

Participates in the creation of conditions conducive to strengthening the role of the family in society, improving the quality of family life.

Promotes the strengthening of the family as a social institution, the orientation of social assistance to enhance the family's own potential.

Participates in the development and implementation of measures aimed at creating conditions for social adaptation of children with disabilities to society.

Interacts with public organizations and associations of disabled people, veterans.

Performs other functions that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation and this Regulation in the field of social support for the population of the city of Kiselevsk.

2.2 Organization of the activities of the Social Protection Committee of the Administration of Kiselevsk for targeted assistance to the needy categories of the population

In the organizational and methodological subordination of the Committee for Social Protection of the Population of the city of Kiselevsk in order to implement measures of social support in the city there is a network of bodies and institutions for social support of the population, including:

1. Office of Social Protection.

Social hotels with overnight stays.

Center for the rehabilitation of disabled people.

Center for the calculation and payment of pensions and benefits.

Pension for labor veterans.

Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise.

One of the main activities of social support bodies is the provision of targeted assistance to the needy categories.

The main measures of social support for low-income citizens in the city of Kiselevsk are:

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