Buy equipment for the production of polymer-sand tiles. Polymer shingles production technology. Components of shingles

Polymer sandy tiles have appeared on the Russian building materials market quite recently, but have already established themselves as a material worthy of becoming a full-fledged replacement for traditional cement tiles. The demand for such tiles is growing, and those businessmen who are not afraid to work in the innovation field have an excellent opportunity to show their entrepreneurial talent, of course, having assessed all the possible risks beforehand.

The appearance of this building material was initially due to the desire of technologists to find a coating that could solve two main problems of cement tiles: low frost resistance and durability. And, I must admit, they succeeded: polymer sand tiles have many advantages. She:

• Durable: according to the assurances of manufacturers, its service life is about 30 years
• Stable to the negative effects of the external environment. Polymer sand tiles are not afraid of frost, moisture, direct sunlight, acidic liquids and oils. It is resistant to high mechanical stress and is not at all prone to point splitting.
• Decorative: can have any shape, any surface: matte, glossy, structured. It is made in a wide range of colors, and more importantly, it does not lose its decorative effect over time.
• Does not emit toxic fumes under the scorching sun
• Easy to clean
• Easy to repair and can easily withstand repeated use

Polymer sand tiles can be used:

• when ennobling garden plots;
• for the arrangement of adjoining territories;
• in places of mass traffic: courtyards of summer cafes, parks, trade and exhibition pavilions);
• in garages and covered parking lots;
• in workshops;
• for covering exploited flat roofs;
• for cladding the plinth.

All of the above speaks of demand of these products among buyers and as a result of the large market capacity, and taking into account the simple manufacturing technology and relatively low costs for starting a business, all this makes the activity for the production of polymer sand tiles quite relevant for starting.

The realization of finished tiles can be carried out:

• directly to consumers of products: individuals, construction teams and organizations, organizations whose activities are aimed at improving the city;
• through a wholesale network: wholesale warehouses, bases.
• through the retail network: building supermarkets, specialty stores, markets.

Raw materials for the production of polymer sand tiles are:

• sand without clay inclusions, the fraction of which does not exceed 3 mm;
• polymers: primary and secondary - the latter option is more attractive from an economic point of view,
• pigments, both mineral and organic.

The main stages of production

1. Crushing or agglomeration of raw materials. This stage may be absent if the manufacturer purchases polymer chips.
2. Mixing of raw materials in a concrete mixer.
3. Melting the mixture in an extruder (APN).
4. Forming the product using a press.
5. Shipment of finished products to the warehouse.

When calculating the economic efficiency of the production of polymer sand tiles, the following parameters were taken as a basis: the work is carried out in 2 shifts, the duration of each of which is 12 hours. The productivity of the mold is 5.83 m 2 of finished products per hour, respectively, the entire line produces 140 m 2 of finished products per day.

Finished product characteristics

• Tile size - 330 x 330 x 35 mm;
• The number of pieces of the product in 1 m 2 - 9 tiles;
• Tile weight - 4 kg;
• Weight of 1 m 2 - 36 kg.

Initial costs of starting a business

	Naming of expenditures		Price without VAT, rub.	Depreciation per year, RUB
	Commissioning works
	Scales MK-15.2-AB20 for general purposes

Visit the list of equipment for polymer sand tiles in the dedicated section.

Facility requirements and rental costs

The rental cost per 1 m 2 of finished polymer-sand tiles will be 2.38 rubles.

Labor costs

		Number of employees	Salary, rub.	Total, rub.
	APN operator
	Auxiliary worker on the batch
TOTAL per month

The cost of materials for the manufacture of 1 m 2 of finished products

Thus, the costs for the manufacture of 1 m 2 of polymer sand tiles will amount to 136.58 rubles.

Electricity consumption for 1 work shift

Equipment		Power, kW / hour	Quantity, pcs.	Total consumption	Consumption per shift, h	Total, kWh / shift
	Modernized D2430 press
	Concrete mixer SBR-500
	General purpose scales MK-15.2-AV20
	Lighting

The average cost of electricity in Russia is 4.03 rubles. for 1 kW / h, from which it follows that the production of 1 m 2 of paving slabs will entail electricity costs in the amount of 7.8 rubles.

The current costs of the workshop for 1 month of work

Naming of expenditures		per month, rub.		per 1 m2, rub.
	Electricity
	Salary
	Depreciation

The final calculation of the profitability of the business for the production of polymer sand tiles

The cost price of 1 m 2, rub.
Overhead costs, rub.
Including overhead costs
Market price of 1 m 2, rub.
Profit before taxation for 1m 2, rub.
Income tax (20%), rub.
Profit from 1 m 2, rub.
Profit per day, total, rub.
Profitability,%
Payback period, days

* The calculations presented in the section are conditional and give only a general understanding of the profitability of this type of activity based on the expert opinion of the author of the material. To determine the exact size of profitability, you must independently make a feasibility study, based on the specific numbers of your region and the size of the business you are planning.

In the early 90s of the last century, an innovative material appeared on the European construction market - polymer sand tiles. Compared to conventional ceramics, composite roofing is characterized by increased strength and impact resistance, low specific gravity, and a wide range of colors. An additional plus is the affordable price due to the availability of raw materials. It is necessary to organize the flow of secondary waste, find a room, purchase machines and arrange them in accordance with the technological scheme.

Production technology and necessary equipment

The raw materials for molding are quartz sand, pre-processed plastic waste and dyes, which also play the role of a binder in the mixture.

1. Polymer component. It is a combination of an agglomerate obtained by melting ordinary polyethylene and a hard part (polystyrene, polypropylene, ABS plastic). Thanks to soft polyethylene, the future roof will not be afraid of frost and will acquire a gloss, and the "hard" product will provide heat resistance under the influence of sunlight.

There is no need to carefully sort, wash and dry the waste. It is enough just to run 40-50% of soft and 60-50% of hard plastics - approximately in this ratio they go to landfills. It is advisable to immediately separate refractory polycarbonates, fluoroplastics, rubber, small scrap metal, foil. Paper and low-melting inclusions are burnt during the remelting of raw materials.

2. The sand (filler) should be coarse (3 mm), dry, free of clay and dust particles. There are no special requirements for the origin and color of the bulk material.

3. Various pigments make it possible to obtain polymer tiles of any desired shade at the output. To prevent the roof from fading ahead of time, you should look for a reliable brand of paint.

It is important that the production is carried out in compliance with the correct proportions of all components: polymer material - 24%, sand - 75%, dye - 1%.

Tiles are manufactured in stages:

• Sand drying. It is poured into the loading hopper, then it enters the feeder, which feeds it in dosed amounts onto the conveyor, and then into the chamber, where gases or air heated with a burner are supplied. The finished sand goes into the unloading chamber.
• Shredding of plastic waste. In order for a different-sized polymer component to become homogeneous, it is passed through a crushing machine.
• Mixing. For this operation, extrusion equipment is used, into which crushed solid polymer product is loaded, as well as polyethylene and polypropylene films. A high temperature is created inside the extruder machine, at which the components are mixed and fused to form a viscous doughy mass. Balls up to 10 cm in diameter are formed from it and immersed in water to cool. Then they are removed from the liquid and kept in air for complete cooling and setting.
• Re-grinding. The cooled balls are again passed through a crusher.
• Preparation of a polymer-sand mixture. This production is harmful, it should be isolated from the procurement area. In the room where the machine will work, powerful ventilation is installed to remove harmful gaseous waste.

Crushed polymer semi-finished product, dry sand and pigments are loaded into a thermal mixer. The finished mass, heated to 180 ° C, is squeezed out of the chamber when the damper is opened. The operator cuts off a portion weighing about 2 kg with a knife - this is exactly how much is spent on the manufacture of one polymer tile.

After weighing, the cake is placed in the mold with a scoop and sent under the press. The last stage has its own nuances.

• To obtain glossy products, the press equipment is set to unevenly cool the mold. Its upper half has a temperature of 80 o, and the lower one is only 45 o. The bottom must be cooled as quickly as possible so that the tiles form in 30-50 seconds. Under such conditions, the polymer composition rises and fills the pores between the grains of sand on the surface.
• To prevent unevenly chilled products from being "led", they are placed on the table and pressed down with a load. If this condition is not met, the roof will be uneven.
• The production of the matt variety requires uniform rapid cooling of the top and bottom molds.

Review of popular machine models

Manufacturing of polymer sand tiles is within the power of small entrepreneurs. In this case, it makes sense to buy affordable compact units (you can use it) and place them in a suitable room. The equipment is selected according to the following criteria:

• Dryer. For this purpose, drum sets of different capacities are mainly used. When the chamber rotates, the sand is poured and dries faster (the process is accelerated if there are blades on the inside of the drum for mixing the bulk product).
• Shredder of polymer waste. It is advisable to buy a crusher that is capable of grinding any plastic raw materials: cans, cans, film, basins.
• Extruder. It is chosen depending on the projected production output. The maximum productivity reaches 1000 kg / h.
• Forming press. The machine should have a force of about 100 tons. If you plan to manufacture not only polymer sand tiles, but also paving slabs, curbs, it is advisable to choose a table with adjustable dimensions.

Sometimes, in order to reduce costs, used equipment is purchased, but it is better not to save on it. Only high-quality molds made of alloy steels with subsequent heat treatment are able to work out 5 million molding cycles and ensure the production of conditioned products.

As an example, we will give several models of machines for operations included in the technological cycle.

1. Drying plant of drum type SBP.

It is used for any bulk materials, it runs on natural gas or diesel fuel. An electric drive is rigidly fixed to the frame, transmitting rotation to the drum tires. At the time of unloading, the sand is heated up to +80 o, so a cooler can be additionally purchased.

The equipment of the SBP series is characterized by a wide range of performance characteristics:

• dimensions - from 3000x950 to 13500x2200 mm;
• drum capacity - from 2.12 to 51.3 m3;
• burner power - from 100 to 16000 kW;
• productivity - from 1.25 to 50 t / h;
• electric drive power - 5-15 kW.

2. Impact crusher IPR (polymer grinder).

The machine is assembled from the following assemblies: bed, rotor, body, hopper, electric drive. The frame and the electric motor with a belt drive are fixed on the bed. A cutting device (rotor) with knives attached to the side discs rotates in the housing part on bearing supports. Waste is placed in the feed mouth either manually or automatically. The dimensions of the finished fraction depend on the dimensions of the mesh cells fixed at the bottom of the grinder.

The crusher features a rigid structure, no dust, minimal noise and high efficiency. The machine has the following technical data:

• rotor diameter - 250-500 mm;
• rotor speed - 450-1100 rpm;
• engine power - 7.5-45 kW;
• weight - 500-2700 kg.

3. Extruder EG-300.

Serves for melting different-fraction soft and hard plastic. The machine consists of a metal body with a loading hopper, an electric drive (motor and gearbox), electric tape heaters, a temperature controller, an unloading window.

Specifications:

• productivity - not less than 300 kg / h;
• power source - 380 V 3-phase AC network;
• electric motor power - 2.2 kW;
• total power consumption - 11.2 kW;
• dimensions - 3600x1200x400 mm.

4. Thermal screw machine APN.

The melting and heating unit operates on the principle of continuous operation. Serves for mixing crushed polymers with sand filler and colorant, as well as preparing hot mass for feeding into a press. The amount of the working mixture in it is maintained at the same level, adding the following portions as the unloading proceeds. In order for the polymer-sand tile to be of high quality, the grains of sand must be completely covered with a polymer shell.

The APN consists of a frame, a tube body, a hopper, a damper, auger, a drive (motor, chain coupling and gearbox), heaters, a damper, a fence, two temperature control sensors. The body is insulated with heat-insulating material, dimensions - 520x3200x1230 mm.

5. Forming press hydraulic PASH-1.

The machine for pressing polymer-sand tiles creates an effort of up to 100 tons. The equipment is equipped with a gear hydraulic pump NSH-10, a three-phase electric motor with a power of 5.5 kW, dimensions - 1000x500x2000 mm.

Full cycle lines

If you plan to manufacture large volumes of products, it is better to purchase a set of installations that fully ensure the entire process. It is produced in Russia, and the cost is very reasonable.

1. Polymerstroy 18 (Izhevsk).

The company supplies high-quality machines from China, and also practices the manufacture of its own developments. The latter include extruders, melting and heating equipment (up to 600 kg / h), presses with a force of 100-400 tons. It is proposed to grind polymer scrap (hard, soft, film) on crushers of domestic and Chinese production. Their power is no more than 300 W, the resulting fraction is 5-8 mm.

2. Monolith (Chrysostom).

The complex includes:

• used radial crusher for polymers (plastic thickness up to 8 mm) - 100 kg / h;
• self-developed extruder "Mastek" - 500-600 kg / hour;
• semi-automatic press - force 100 t.

Additionally, you can purchase a sieve dryer for sand, an agglomerator for producing polyethylene granules, and a forced mixer.

Rates

The cost of equipment for the manufacture of tiles from polymer waste.

Approaching any village or suburb, against your will, your gaze lingers on the rooftops. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the first opinion about a residential building is based on the roof, because the roof is also part of the homeowner's image. But in pursuit of the beauty of the roofing, you can also face the high cost. And in order to find the optimal ratio, in many construction supermarkets, experts recommend polymer sand tiles.

Material features

For the first time, such a tile appeared on the European market in the early 90s. Then the developers were looking for a replacement for the ceramic roof, such that it did not differ much in appearance from the traditional material, but would have higher performance characteristics. In connection with the rapid development of the polymer industry, they began to study this material more thoroughly. As a result polymer sand tiles appeared on the market... Its main difference from the usual one is its higher strength combined with a lower bulk density. And not so long ago, the production of polymer sand tiles became available in our country.

Advantages of polymer sand tiles

When choosing a roof covering, attention is paid to such points as long service life, strength and affordable price. All these qualities are combined in a polymer-sand tile, but it also has many other important advantages:

• roof tiles resistant to abrupt climate change, perfectly tolerates large frosts;
• due to the cheapness of the raw materials used for its production, the prime cost of polymer sand tiles is low;
• provides the best level of heat and sound insulation;
• complete absence of corrosion;
• due to the fact that the tiles are painted on equipment using a UV stabilizer in the mass, and not only on the surface, it has high resistance to fading;
• is a good dielectric, you do not have to additionally install lightning protection;
• does not require special skills when laying;
• polymer sand tile has high impact resistance, due to which the likelihood of battle and rejects during the transportation of material and its installation is reduced;
• has a high chemical resistance to acids and alkalis;
• polymer sand tile has self-extinguishing qualities, no fire is terrible with her;
• environmentally friendly, does not emit harmful substances.

The service life of polymer sand tiles is on average 15–30 years, depending on how high-quality material was used in production.

Features of production

The production of polymer sand tiles includes a whole scheme of technological processes. But by and large it consists of two stages:

• preparation of polymer mass;
• baking polymer sand tiles on special equipment.

It is better to install production equipment in well ventilated areas, since working with polymers is harmful to human health.

Components of shingles

Quartz sand and recycled plastics, as well as dyes, are used as raw materials for polymer sand tiles. Thanks to a wide range of modern dyes, roofing material of any shade can be obtained. It is also worth noting that the dye also acts in this technological production process as a "binder" component for sand and polymers.

Recycled plastics include:

Agglomerate, which is obtained by melting polyethylene. The process of obtaining the agglomerate itself is also interesting. During melting, water is sprayed onto the polyethylene, forming balls. It is these balls that are used in the manufacture of polymer sand tiles;

Hard polymer... It can be polystyrene, polypropylene and ABS plastics and many others.

During the production process, it is very important to observe the correct mixing proportions of the components. At the initial stage of production, the agglomerate is crushed and mixed in special equipment with sand and dye in a ratio of 24: 75: 1. That is, the correct composition of this roofing should be 75% sand, 24% polymers and 1% dye. If the correct proportions are not observed, polymer sand tiles at the exit can be of much worse quality, and are not so durable in operation.

Production technology and equipment used

The technological process for the manufacture of polymer sand tiles begins with crushing plastics into smaller particles, for this use crushing equipment... The sand used in the manufacturing process must be dry. Specialized equipment is used to dry quartz sand.

Now that the polymers are crushed to the required size and the sand is well dried, all these components need to be mixed. An extrusion machine is suitable for this. Inside this equipment under the influence of temperature all components mix and melt, turning into a viscous mixture, which is somewhat remotely reminiscent of yeast dough.

A ball is formed from this mixture. Next, the ball is immersed in water for cooling, then, having already taken it out of the water, it is allowed to cool at room temperature. This procedure is carried out specifically so that all the components react with each other and seize well. After the balls have cooled down, they are returned to the crushing machine for grinding, and only now the resulting mass is ready to become polymer sand tiles.

The crushed balls are sent into a thermomixing machine... In this equipment, all components are reheated and mixed. The sand under the influence of temperature is enveloped in polymers, as a result there should not be a single lump. From this unit, the mixture comes out with a temperature of about 180 degrees. Each lump that comes out of this equipment should not exceed 2 kg in weight, this should be monitored by the operator.

Ready-made cakes of the mixture are sent under the press, where already and polymer shingles are formed... Molds help to shape the shingles to the presentation we are accustomed to. And the gloss on the outer surface is due to uneven cooling in the molds. In the upper part, the heating temperature reaches 80 degrees, and in the lower part - about 45 degrees. Polymers are squeezed into these molds, which fill the pores between the sand particles.

Disadvantages of polymer shingles

Despite all the listed advantages, polymer sand tiles have a number of disadvantages that must be taken into account before buying:

• surface can erode... Over time, the thickness of the tiles can become thinner when exposed to ultraviolet rays. But given that the thickness of the product is not so small and the erosion process is slow, it can hardly be considered a serious drawback;
• each tile of polymer shingles weighs up to 2 kg, which can cause a lot of trouble during packing and transportation;
• although the shingle tolerates climate change well, it occurs when the temperature changes linear deformation... As a result, a depressurization of the locking joints may occur, which will cause the roof to leak. This is perhaps its main drawback.

It will be good under such a roof in any weather, it will be cool in the heat, and warm in winter. Therefore, it is often used for overlapping mansard rooms and attics.

Installation rules for polymer tiles

Installation of polymer shingles is also quite simple. Before starting the installation, you need to build a crate of non-edged board or timber, it is the direct basis for laying the tiles.

On each polymer tile, there are special projections on top of the back side, with the help of which it is attached to the crate. The tiles are fixed between themselves with side locks. As a result, we get a continuous roofing covering.

It is best to start laying the material from the bottom row. It is not necessary to fasten the elements to each other very tightly, while leaving room for free movement. This will help to avoid deformation of the material from different weather changes.

On some roofs, streaks of rust are noticeable; in order to avoid this, it is advised to use galvanized nails or anodized self-tapping screws when laying.

Material quality

If you decide to replace your roofing, do not go for a low price. Unfortunately, many unscrupulous manufacturers are just waiting for such buyers and sell them low-quality goods.

Trying to reduce the cost of the product at the exit, they use low-quality and short-lived dyes or heterogeneous polymers in the production. During the operation of such a tile, you can then face early paint fading, and a short service life. Therefore, deciding to refresh the facade of your home, pay special attention to finding a reliable manufacturer.

And keep in mind, no matter what the sellers tell you, no matter how they assure you that the best raw materials and only modern equipment were used in the production, it is advisable to check the available documents confirming the quality of the material several times.

The roof is one of the most bulky building elements. When you visually inspect the house, first of all, the gaze falls on the roof. Therefore, the roof material is not only the protection of the structure, but also the decoration of the entire structure. And an aesthetic roof is also an indicator of the status of a homeowner. A pleasant appearance affects the cost of the coating, as a rule, the more interesting the material, the higher its cost. For those who are looking for an inexpensive and beautiful coating, polymer shingles (PPT) are suitable.

Material characteristic

Polymer coatings have become widespread relatively recently: the first polymer-based shingles appeared in Europe three decades ago. The material appeared in the search for an alternative to traditional expensive and bulky tiles. The required coating should have been more durable with the same external parameters. It is these indicators that the HRBA began to possess. The material weighs much less than a traditional coating, but at the same time it has greater strength. And thanks to the production of polymer tiles in our country, it has become available to a larger number of consumers.

Advantages of polymer sand tiles

Roofing material must have a long service life, increased strength and affordable cost. All of the above indicators are possessed by polymer shingles, but besides this, it has a number of other positive qualities:

An important advantage of the PCB is its long service life. On average, the coating lasts from 15 to 35 years (depending on the base composition).

Production technology

The production of polymer tiles includes a lot of stages and features. The simplified technology can be described as follows:

• kneading the polymer composition;
• heat treatment of workpieces in industrial furnaces.

A prerequisite for the premises for the creation of PPC is high-quality ventilation, since the production of material using polymers is harmful to humans.

Coating composition

The basis of polymer-sand tiles is quartz sand and recycled plastic. To give the material a particular shade, various pigments are used. The dye does not just color the composition, it binds together the particles of sand and polymer inclusions. The secondary composition consists of the following plastics:

• Agglomerate. The material is a product of polyethylene heat treatment. During the preparation of the material, polyethylene is sprayed with water to form beads. These granules are used in the production of PCBs.
• Solid polymer. This component is individual in different technologies. Some companies use polystyrene, others polypropylene - the recipe can be almost anything.

The technology for the production of tiles requires strict adherence to proportions. The first stage of creating the material includes crushing the agglomerate and mixing it with sand and coloring composition in a ratio of 24: 75: 1. The correct formulation of polymer shingles includes 75 percent sand, 24 percent polymer and 1 percent dye.

Important! If the production does not observe strict proportionality of the components, the PCB may not correspond to high quality indicators. In this case, its strength and durability are reduced.

Equipment and production process

The technology of creating polymer shingles begins with crushing the plastic into powder. At this stage, crushing plants are in operation. The sand, which is part of the coating, undergoes mandatory drying in special equipment.

After crushing the plastic and drying the sand, they begin to knead the composition. At this stage, extrusion machines are used. In them, under the influence of high temperatures, all the components of the tiles are mixed and turn into an elastic mass, similar to yeast dough.

A ball is made from the resulting composition, which is left in cold water to cool. Then the ball is taken out and left at room temperature. This process allows the constituent parts to react. When the mass has completely cooled down, it is once again placed in a crushing chamber. After these manipulations, the composition is ready for pouring into the mold.

The crushed particles of the composition are amenable to heat treatment. In this installation, the constituent parts of the mass are melted and mixed. High temperatures cause the sand to be uniformly impregnated with polymers, which forms a homogeneous composition. After mixing polymer-sand tiles, a mixture with a temperature of more than 175 degrees comes out of the equipment. Each piece of mass should have a weight of no more than 2000 g, the process is automatically monitored by the operator of the machine.

The crushed and mixed pieces of the composition go into a mold in which they form blocks of the coating. In addition to molds, PCB is processed at low temperatures. The range of indicators ranges from minus 45 to plus 80 degrees.

Cons of polymer shingles

Like any other material, polymer shingles have their drawbacks, which you need to familiarize yourself with before purchasing:

Note! Polymer shingles create a comfortable indoor climate in any weather: it will be cool in the building in hot weather, and very warm in winter. Because of this feature, the coating is often used for finishing attic spaces.

Features of installing polymer tiles

Even a novice master can handle the installation of polymer tiles. The first step in installing the material is to assemble the battens. For this, both an untreated board and a regular timber are suitable. The structure will serve as the basis for roofing tiles.

Each block of polymer tiles from the seamy side is equipped with protrusions, with the help of which the coating is mounted on the crate. The blocks are connected to each other by side fasteners. With this assembly, a durable roofing carpet is formed.

The assembly of the cover starts from the bottom of the roof. The blocks are mounted loosely, and so that they can move in the process of thermal expansion. Thanks to this technology, the material will remain intact during roof movements and precipitation.

Rusty smudges are common on the tiles. So that such shortcomings do not spoil the appearance of the roof, galvanized or anodized fasteners are used during installation.

Tile quality

If you decide to purchase polymer shingles, do not skimp on the purchase. In recent years, counterfeit materials have been increasingly appearing on the market. Such a product absolutely does not correspond to the qualities of polymer-sand tiles.

With a decrease in the cost of goods, an unscrupulous manufacturer receives a low-quality flimsy material with heterogeneous polymers in its composition. The roof from such a coating will quickly burn out and will not last long. Therefore, to decorate your home, use a product from trusted companies.

Remember, any manufacturer wants to sell their product. Therefore, no matter what the seller tells you, be sure to check the documents for the goods, which can confirm its quality and origin.

Periodically, polymer sand tiles appear on the market at very attractive prices. And very often buyers “fall for” precisely the low price, initially being very happy about their “profitable” purchases at first glance. But, unfortunately, in 99% of cases - the "fabulous" price means the same "fabulous" quality of products. There are several ways that you are deceived:

1. The cost of production can be significantly reduced when using as a binder polymer absolutely unsuitable for the purposes for which the tiles are used, low-quality (usually from solid waste landfills), often frankly toxic plastics.

2. It happens that in the manufacture of tiles, good, suitable for these purposes, polymer materials are used, but they are not treated with special additives that would allow the use of tiles in the open air. This is allowed by the old technical conditions for the production of tiles, significantly reducing the cost. Usually the manufacturer does this either unconsciously, because he does not know about the need to use these things, or openly deceives the buyer, since these additives are very expensive. These manufacturers claim on their websites that they know how to produce these products correctly, use various stabilizers, reinforce polymer composite, but for unknown reasons, none of the suppliers of these stabilizers could find these craftsmen in the register of their customers.

3. There is such a way to reduce the price of tiles - savings on the technological and technical aspects of production, quality acceptance. This is often expressed in the elementary absence of staff in charge of these actions. The result here will be - the delivery of products to the customer with irregular geometric parameters, a strong variance in color, a large difference in the mass of products. Something will not be reported, something will be shifted.

4. Some of the manufacturers insist that the low price of their products is obtained due to the fact that they independently process secondary plastics for their own needs, as a result of which they receive savings. This approach looks reasonable outwardly, but there are also pitfalls here. Recycling polymer waste ALWAYS requires a high-quality bulkhead, separation by type of plastics and sorting, and a lot of waste is generated. The percentage of waste reaches 50. The composition of this waste contains many types of plastics that absolutely cannot be compatible with each other, many of them cannot be used at all for products working under the sun. What will the manufacturer do in this case? Usually the desire for profit pushes the manufacturer not to throw away these "bad" polymers, he then paid for the ENTIRE volume, but to say that it is "soft and hard plastic in the correct ratio" (as in the old technical conditions), grind this waste and shove it into the product. "The magician Suleiman is all honest - without deception." In fact, it is very close to the situation described in paragraph 1. That cannot but affect the quality of the product.

5. Again, unsuitable plastics. Use of TETRA-PAK film production waste as a polymer raw material. This is a film coated with a thin layer of aluminum. Such films are used as the inner layer of milk bags, bags in which wine is sold, etc. The material is good, but none of those who use it bothered to read the relevant literature. It turns out that the metals in polymers accelerate the aging process, that is, these businessmen, without knowing it themselves, and perhaps deliberately, planted a time bomb in the tiles, a catalyst for the oxidative aging process, accelerating the process of destruction of tiles at times. Such a tile looks as if it were added to its composition "silver". Silvery aluminum particles are visible to the naked eye. TETRA-PAK material is cheap, as it is difficult to process and is used in the production of a limited range of products, hence the savings.

6. Unsuitable plastics again. The manufacturer buys technological plums of polymers from various industries, the so-called "sprues" - lumps of solidified plastic of various sizes. They are crushed, then go into production. They are sold cheaply, but it is impossible to unequivocally determine their composition. As a result, the situation is similar to item 1, item 4. This is especially true for those who have a shredder in the equipment of the production site.

7. More about the wrong plastic. They take a covering material in the form of a film from the fields, which is used in greenhouses and as a greenhouse for growing various crops. The so-called "greenhouse", the cost is penny. Since the material is thin-layer and was exposed to ultraviolet radiation, it has largely lost its useful properties for polymerization and has aged. Products made from such material will not last long - it's like buying a tile that has already been in use for 30 years.

8. Sand with a high clay content is used - it is cheap. As a consequence, the fragility and hygroscopicity of products.

Thus, the low cost of the tiles with a high degree of probability may indicate that the technology was violated, that they saved on raw materials, and that the methods of manufacturing products that should work in the open were not followed. Such products do not last long and are likely to have a negative impact on health.

It is very difficult to visually recognize a counterfeit product, but it is still possible. The smell of a polymer sand product will tell you that they are trying to deceive you first of all, it will be unpleasant, sharp. The added or "forgotten" to put special additives is very difficult to determine, it is best to look at the financial documents showing the transfer of such additives to the manufacturer of the suppliers of these materials. The product should not contain non-melted plastic particles and, moreover, no silvery aluminum particles.

These photos show what excessive savings can lead to when buying tiles after the first 3-5 years of operation:

Our company has already been repeatedly approached by buyers who, somewhere, were once deceived when buying tiles. She began to fall apart. We offer these buyers to purchase our tiles, produced under the Tetto brand, to replace the counterfeit products they bought.

BEWARE OF COUNTERFEITS! Be careful! Appreciate your health and the health of your loved ones!