Presentation on the outside world on the topic of iron. Presentation "Iron and its compounds" in chemistry - project, report. With complex substances

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The foundation of the whole world.

“Iron is not only the foundation of the whole world, the most main metal the nature around us, it is the basis of culture and industry, it is an instrument of war and peaceful labor. And it is difficult to find another element in the entire periodic table that would be so connected with the past, present and future destinies of mankind. " A. E. Fersman.

Iron: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

Structural features of the iron atom Fe 26 2e 8e 14e 2e 1 s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 6 4s 2 possible oxidation states: +2 and +3

Physical properties iron silvery-gray refractory (T pl. = 1535 0 C) Heavy (density = 7.8 g / cm 3) malleable; has magnetic properties

Iron today Hydroelectric power plants and power transmission towers Piping for water, oil and gas Cars, Tractors, Submarines, Appliances, Other items

Iron as a material of art

Iron Chemically pure (0.01% impurities) Commercially pure (0.02-0.04% impurities)

Iron +2 +3 S, HCl, H 2 SO 4, salt solutions. O 2, H 2 O +2, +3 Cl 2, HNO 3

Chemical properties Reactions with simple substances Iron burns in pure oxygen when heated: 3 Fe + 2 O 2 = Fe 3 O 4 Reacts with sulfur powder when heated: Fe + S = FeS Reacts with halogens when heated: 2 Fe + 3Cl 2 = 2FeCl 3

Chemical properties Reactions with complex substances With acids: A) with hydrochloric acid 2 HCl + Fe = FeCl 2 + H 2 B) with sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 + Fe = FeSO 4 + H 2 With salts: Fe + CuSO 4 = Cu + FeSO 4 With water (at high temperature): 3 Fe + 4H 2 O = Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2 (iron scale)

Iron is destroyed by action the environment, i.e. subject to corrosion - "rusting". In this case, "rust" forms on the surface. 4Fe + 2 Н 2 О + ЗО 2 = 2 (Fe 2 O 3 Н 2 О)

Reagents Fe 1 Oxygen + 2 Non-metals: Cl 2, S, C + 3 Water + 4 Salt solutions + 5 Acid solutions + 6 Conc. Acids 7 Alkalis 8 This is a reducing agent + 9 Atom has an oxidation state of +3 10 Type of crystal lattice - metal + 11 Metal refers to refractory metals + 12 Metal is used to obtain other metals in metallurgy

Iron in the body Iron in the form of ions is present in the organisms of all animals and, of course, humans. The main biological function of iron is participation in the transport of oxygen to all organs and oxidative processes. The human body weighing about 70 kg contains 4.2 g of iron, and 1 liter of blood contains 450 mg. With a lack of iron in the body, glandular anemia develops. The transfer of iron in the body is carried out by the most important protein - hemoglobin, which contains more than half of all iron in the body.

The main role of iron in the body is participation in the "birth" of red (erythrocytes) and white (lymphocytes) blood cells. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, an oxygen carrier, and lymphocytes are responsible for immunity. Almost 60% of the iron entering the body is spent on the synthesis of hemoglobin. A certain amount (about 20%) is deposited in muscles, bone marrow, liver and spleen. Another 20% of it is used for the synthesis of various enzymes.

buckwheat beef liver white cabbage coarse bread and black bread beans and dried apricots nuts chicken meat apples Iron-rich foods

In case of anemia, it is recommended to use cast iron dishes for cooking. Experiments have shown that cooking and boiling the sauce for 20 minutes in such a dish increases the amount of iron by 9 times. People with low hemoglobin need to be outdoors more often. Be attentive to your health: having a sufficient amount of hemoglobin is our life !!! For anemia (a lack of hemoglobin), increase the amount of lean beef and liver, red caviar, and egg yolks in your diet.

In cages and the depths of the sea

I give life to hemoglobin

Storing oxygen in the blood.

Everyone sitting here in the hall

Would hardly exist

If it weren't for me!

"Iron"

Lesson topic: Iron and its compounds.

The purpose of the lesson: Study the properties of iron and its compounds.

Lesson plan:

1. Historical reference.

2. The value of iron.

3. Deposits of iron compounds.

4. Iron as a chemical element and as a simple substance:

but) getting iron,

b) the structure of the atom,

c) physical properties,

G) Chemical properties.

5. Iron oxides.

6. Iron hydroxides.

7. Qualitative reactions.

8. The use of iron and its compounds.

9. The biological role of iron and its compounds.

Historical reference

Serebryannikova Katya

The value of iron

What happens if all the iron disappears and there is nowhere to take it?

Being in nature

Badmatsyrenov Sasha – "Types of iron ores"

Khakhinov Tolya -

Getting iron

FeO + H 2 = Fe + H 2 O (350 ºC)

FeO + C = Fe + CO ( over 1000 ºC)

Atom structure

Fe 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 6

Oxidation state: +2, +3, +6.

Forms of connections: FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , K 2 FeO 4

Fe (OH) 2 , Fe (OH) 3 , BaFeO 4

Types of crystal lattices of iron

α - form

γ - form

910 ° WITH

The arrangement of atoms changes

Cubic body-centered(magnetized)

Cubic face-centered(non-magnetic)

Physical properties.

What are the physical properties of metals?

Easily magnetized and demagnetized
Dissolves other elements in itself

Metallic luster
Plastic
Heat and electrical conductivity
Hardness
Various density
Various t ° melting and boiling
Different color

ρ = 7.87 g / cm 3

t ° pl = 1539, t ° bale = 3200

Silvery white

Iron chemical properties

With simple substances

With complex substances

Interaction with water:

3Fe + 4H 2 O = Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2

4Fe + 3O 2 + 6H 2 O = 4Fe (OH) 3

Fe + S = FeS

2Fe + 3Cl 2 = 2FeCl 3

Interaction with acids:

Fe + 2HCl (p) = FeCl 2 + H 2

2Fe + 6H 2 SO 4 (k) = Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 3SO 2 + 6H 2 O

Fe + 4HNO 3 (p) = Fe (NO 3 ) 3 + 3NO + 2H 2 O

3Fe + 2O 2 = Fe 3 O 4

(FeO Fe 2 O 3 )

Interaction with salts of less active metals:

Fe + CuSO 4 = FeSO 4 + Cu

Weak oxidizing agent

H + Me 2+ S

Strong oxidizing agent

Cl 2 F 2 O 2 H 2 SO 4 (k) HNO 3 (p)

Conclusion: strength of the oxidizing agent oxidation state of iron in the reaction products

Fe 2+

Fe 3+

Iron oxides

Fe 2 O 3

+ CO (500 ° WITH)

Fe O

Interaction with acids:

FeO + 2HCl = FeCl 2 + H 2 O

Fe 2 O 3 + 6HCl = FeCl 3 + 3H 2 O

Interaction with alkalis:

Fe 2 O 3 +2 NaOH + 3H 2 O =

2Na  Fe (OH) 4 

Laboratory work

(Level C)

Experience number 1. II ) and ( III ).

Reagents: KOH, FeSO 4, FeCI 3

Experience number 2. II ).

interaction with: acids, atmospheric oxygen.

Reagents: Fe (OH) 2, H CI.

Experience number 3. Study of the properties of iron hydroxide ( III ).

interaction with: acids and alkalis.

Reagents: Fe (OH) 3, H CI, KOH.

The task: Formulate conclusions about the properties of iron (II) and (III) hydroxides. Write molecular, complete and abbreviated ionic reaction equations.

Chemical properties of iron hydroxides. (Level B)

Experience number 1. Obtaining iron hydroxides ( II ) and ( III ).

The task: Write down the reaction equations. Formulate conclusions about the properties of iron (II) and (III) hydroxides.

FeSO 4

FeCI 3

Experience number 2. Study of the properties of iron hydroxide ( II ).

Air (+ O 2 + H 2 O)

Fe (OH) 3

Fe (OH) 2

Experience number 3. Study of the properties of iron hydroxide ( III ).

K 3  Fe (OH) 6 

Fe (OH) 3

Chemical properties of iron hydroxides. (Level A)

Experience number 1. Obtaining iron hydroxides ( II ) and ( III ).

IN I pour 0.5 ml into the test tube FeSO 4 , in II - 0.5 ml FeCI 3 ... Pour the KOH solution dropwise into both tubes. What are you watching?

Experience number 2. II ) with acids and atmospheric oxygen.

Received Fe (HE) 2 divide into 2 tubes. I put the test tube in a rack, and in II - add solution H CI . What changes are taking place in I test tube over time? Explain the observations. Write molecular, complete, and abbreviated ionic reaction equations.

Experience number 3. Reaction between iron hydroxide ( III ) with acids and alkalis.

Received Fe (HE) 3 divide into 2 tubes. I pour the KOH solution into the test tube, and in II - solution H CI ... Write molecular, complete, and abbreviated ionic reaction equations. Explain the observations. Make a conclusion about the properties of iron hydroxides ( II ) and ( III ).

Iron hydroxides

+ O 2 + H 2 O

Fe (OH) 2

Fe (OH) 3

+ H 2 O 2

Interaction with acids:

Fe (OH) 2 + 2HCl = FeCl 2 + 2H 2 O

Fe (OH) 3 + 3HCl = FeCl 3 + 3H 2 O

Decomposes on heating:

Fe (OH) 2 = FeO + H 2 O

2Fe (OH) 3 = Fe 2 O 3 + 3H 2 O

Interaction with alkalis:

Fe (OH) 3 + 3K OH (To) = TO 3  Fe (OH) 6 

Laboratory work

Qualitative reactions to ions Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ .

(Level C)

Experience number 1. Interaction FeSO 4 c with the formation of a turnbule blue

KFe  Fe ( CN ) 6  .

Experience number 2. Interaction FeCI 3 c with the formation of Prussian blue

KFe  Fe ( CN ) 6  .

The task: What are you watching? What substances can be used to determine iron (II) salts?

And what about iron (III) salts? What color is observed? Write down the reaction equations.

Qualitative reactions to ions Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ .

(Level B)

Experience number 1. Qualitative ion reaction Fe 2+

K 3  Fe (CN) 6 

The task: Formulate conclusions about the qualitative reactions to iron ions. Write down the reaction equations.

KFe  Fe (CN) 6 

Turnbulev blue

FeSO 4

Experience number 2. Qualitative ion reaction Fe 3+

K 4  Fe ( CN ) 6 

KFe  Fe ( CN ) 6 

Prussian blue

FeCI 3

Qualitative reactions to ions Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ .

(Level A)

Experience number 1. Qualitative ion reaction Fe 2+

To solution FeSO 4 pour the solution K 3  Fe ( CN ) 6  ... What are you watching?

Experience number 2. Qualitative ion reaction Fe 3+

To solution FeCI 3 pour the solution K 4  Fe ( CN ) 6  ... What are you watching?

The task: Write molecular, complete, and abbreviated ionic reaction equations.

Qualitative reactions

Fe 3+

Fe 2+

FeCl 3 + K 4 =

KFe [ Fe (CN) 6 ] + 3KCl

Prussian blue

FeSO 4 + K 3 =

KFe [ Fe (CN) 6 ] + K 2 SO 4

Turnbulev blue

FeCl 3 + 3KCNS = Fe (CNS) 3 + 3KCl

blood red

iron thiocyanate ( III )

The use of iron and its compounds

Magnetic properties  transformer cores tori, phone membranes

Form alloys  pig iron production and become

Physiological activity  making drugs

Form colored compounds  paint production

The biological role of iron and its compounds

Anosov Kostya - "Iron in food"

Iron in food

Products

Milk

Juice (apple, orange)

Pomegranate juice

Rosehip juice

Chicken's meat

Apple

Egg

Beef

Chocolate

Buckwheat

Cocoa powder

Takhinny halva

Homework

§ 83,84.

"3" with. 291 c. one; from 292 to 1

"4" with. 294 c. 3.4

"five" with. 291 c. 2,3

+ additional task (optional): draw up a reference block diagram " Fe and its connections ”.

Being in nature In the earth's crust, iron is widespread enough to account for about 4.1% of the mass of the earth's crust (4th place among all elements, 2nd among metals). A large number of iron-containing ores and minerals are known. Iron is found in the form of various compounds: oxides, sulfides, silicates. Iron is found in free form in meteorites; occasionally, native iron (ferrite) is found in the earth's crust as a product of magma solidification.

Of the ores and minerals of the greatest practical importance are magnetic iron ore (magnetite - Fe 3 O 4; magnetite contains 72.4% Fe), brown iron ore (limonite - limonite FeOOH; contains up to 65% Fe) red iron ore (hematite - Fe 2 O 3 ; contains up to 70% Fe) hematite

Physical properties of iron Iron is a relatively soft, malleable silver-gray metal Melting point C Boiling point C At temperatures below C, iron has ferromagnetic properties (it is easily magnetized)

Iron in the body Iron is present in the organisms of all plants and animals, but in small amounts (on average 0.02%). The main biological function of iron is participation in oxygen transport and oxidative processes. Iron performs this function in the composition of complex proteins - hemoproteins. The body of an average person (body weight 70 kg) contains 4.2 g of iron, in 1 liter of blood - 450 mg. With a lack of iron in the body, glandular anemia develops.

People first mastered iron in the fourth and third millennia BC. e., picking up iron meteorites that fell from the sky, and turning them into jewelry, tools of labor and hunting. They are still found among the inhabitants of Northern and South America, Greenland and the Middle East, as well as archaeological sites on all continents. Iron production history

Application of iron, its alloys and compounds Pure iron has a rather limited application. It is used in the manufacture of electromagnet cores, as a catalyst for chemical processes, for several other purposes. But iron alloys, cast iron and steel form the basis of modern technology. Many iron compounds are also widely used. So, iron (III) sulfate is used in water treatment, iron oxides and cyanide serve as pigments in the manufacture of dyes.

“Pure iron can quickly magnetize and demagnetize, so it is used to make cores, transfo-, membrane, electromagnets and microphone membranes. Most of all, iron alloys - cast iron and steel are used in practice "

I am very ancient metal, I lost count of the centuries. I was immodest, Thousands of years BC. And for the shine that shimmered with cold People there paid in gold!

I have been in the name of the century for a long time, In the human body. They call me a character Almost the entire tractor is made of me. It is very useful in an apple, And my name is ...

Position in PSKhE DI. Mendeleev

Physical properties

Iron chemical properties

Application

Finding in nature

Role in the life of humans and animals

Serial number
Period
Group
Subgroup

Fourth
VIII
Side

The structure of the iron atom

Number of protons

Number of neutrons

Number of electrons

The arrangement of electrons by energy levels:

2,8,14,2

Complete the electronic formula

1s 2 2 s 2 2p 6 3 s 2 3p 6 ….

1s 2 2 s 2 2p 6 3 s 2 3p 6 3d 6 4 s 2

What electrons for the elements of the main subgroups are valence?

And what electrons for elements of side subgroups are valence?

Remember!

A feature of the electronic structure of the elements of side subgroups is the filling of not the last, but the penultimate level with electrons.

Most widely used in modern industry.
Its prevalence in nature is great.
Biologically important.

Physical properties of iron:

Silvery white
Brilliant
Very flexible, easily forged, rolled, stamped
Magnetized and demagnetized
1539 0 WITH

Solid

Colour
Shine
Plastic

Magnetic properties
Melting temperature
Hardness

Iron has two main oxidation states: +2, +3 .

Fe 0 –2e = Fe +2

Fe 0 –3e = Fe +3

+ 3

S, Cu 2+, p.HCI,

Fe 3 O 4 (FeO Fe 2 O 3) "width =" 640 "

Iron chemical properties

Interaction with simple nonmetal substances

1) With oxygen.

0 0 +2 , +3 -2 +2 -2 +3 -2

3 Fe + 2O 2 -Fe 3 O 4 ( FeO Fe 2 O 3 )

Iron chemical properties

Interaction with simple substances - non-metals.

2) With sulfur and chlorine.

Write down the reaction equation

Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2 0 at t = 700 0 - 900 0 "width =" 640 "

Iron chemical properties

Interaction with complex substances

1) with water.

3 Fe 0 + 4H 2 O - Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2 0

at t = 700 0 - 900 0

"Interaction of iron with solutions of acids and salts"

Equipment: Fe, solution HCl, solution CuSO 4 , tripod, test tubes.

Safety regulations.

Be careful when working with acid solutions.

Iron chemical properties

2) with acids .

EXPERIENCE: carry out the reaction between iron and hydrochloric acid.

When are reactions between a metal and an acid possible?

Make a reaction equation.

Make a conclusion.

FeCl 2 + H 2 1. The metal is in the range of activity of metals to hydrogen. 2. You should get a soluble salt. 3. The reaction is typical for acid solutions. 4. Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen Metals interact with acids if: "width =" 640 "

Fe + 2HCl -FeCl 2 + H 2

1. Metal is in the range of activity of metals to hydrogen.

2. You should get a soluble salt.

3. The reaction is typical for solutions acids.

4. Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen

Metals

interact

with acids

if:

Iron chemical properties

3) With salts.

EXPERIENCE: Carry out the reaction between iron and chloride solution copper (II).

When are reactions possible between metal and salt solutions?

Make a reaction equation.

Make a conclusion.

FeCl 2 + Cu Metals interact with salt solutions if: 1. Each metal displaces from salt solutions all other metals located to the right of it in a series of stresses. 2. Both salts (both reacting and forming as a result of the reaction) must be soluble. "Width =" 640 "

Fe + CuCl 2 - FeCl 2 + Cu

Metals

interact with salt solutions

if:

1. Each metal displaces from salt solutions all other metals located to the right of it in the series of stresses.

2. Both salts (both reacting and forming as a result of the reaction) must be soluble .

Pipelines

for water,

oil and gas

Hydroelectric

stations and supports

power lines

Iron today

Cars,

Tractors,

Submarines,

Appliances,

Other items

"Acquaintance with samples natural compounds gland"
Equipment: natural samples, water, glass, glass rod.

Fe 3 O 4 - magnetic iron To
Fe 2 O 3 - red iron ore (hematite)
2 Fe 2 O 3 * 3 H 2 O - brown iron ore
FeS 2 - iron pyrite

reduction of iron from its oxide with carbon monoxide or hydrogen;
Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO 2
reduction of iron from its oxide by the aluminothermal method;
Fe 2 O 3 + 2 Al → Al 2 O 3 + 2 Fe
electrolysis of aqueous solutions of iron salts

Iron in the form of ions is present in the organisms of all animals and, of course, humans.

The main biological function of iron is participation in the transport of oxygen to all organs and oxidative processes.

The human body weighing about 70 kg contains 4.2 g of iron, and 1 liter of blood contains 450 mg.

With a lack of iron in the body, glandular anemia develops.

The transfer of iron in the body is carried out by the most important protein - hemoglobin, which contains more than half of all iron in the body.

buckwheat

liver

white cabbage

beef

coarse bread

and black bread

beans and dried apricots

nuts

chicken meat

apples

Be attentive to your health: having a sufficient amount of hemoglobin is our a life!!!

In case of anemia (lack of hemoglobin), increase the amount of lean beef and liver, red caviar, and egg yolks in your diet.

Experiments have shown that cooking and boiling the sauce for 20 minutes in such a dish increases the amount of iron by 9 times.

People with low hemoglobin need to be outdoors more often.

Final test. Mark with a "+" the number of the position that is considered correct

Option 1.

Option 2.

1/ Iron is an active alkali metal.
2/ Iron is easily forged.
3/ Iron is part of a bronze alloy.
4/ At the outer energy level of the iron atom, there are 2 electrons.
5/ Iron interacts with dilute acids.
6/ Forms halides with halogens with oxidation state +2.
7/ Iron does not interact with oxygen.
8/ Iron can be obtained by electrolysis of its salt melt.

1/ Iron is a silvery white metal.
2\ Iron does not have the ability to be magnetized.
3\ Iron atoms exhibit oxidizing properties.
4\ At the outer energy level of the iron atom, there is 1 electron.
5\ Iron displaces copper from solutions of its salts.
6\ Forms compounds with halogens with the oxidation state +3.
7\ Forms iron (II) sulfate with sulfuric acid solution.
8\ Iron does not corrode.

Answers

Option 2.

Option 1.

Grading criteria:

“ 5 "- 0 errors,

“ 4 "- 1-2 errors,

“ 3 "- 3-4 errors,

“ 2 "- 5 or more errors.

Today I realized that ……….
The main thing in the lesson for me was ………
Most of all I remember ………….

Homework: paragraph 14,
question 5 page 82 (remember oxidatively - recovery reactions, the equation electronic balance )

Iron

Iron is not only the basis of the whole world, the most important metal of the nature around us, it is the basis of culture and industry, it is a weapon of war and peaceful labor. And it is difficult to find another element in the entire periodic table that would be so connected with the past, present and future destinies of mankind.
A. E. Fersman.

Methodical lesson development

The structure of the iron atom.

Assignment: read the text of the textbook p. 76 and characterize the position of the chemical element iron in DI Mendeleev's PSCE and the structural features of the atom of this element, indicate the possible oxidation states of the element.

Fe (iron)
Serial number: 26 Period: IV Group: VIII Subgroup: B Electronic structure of the atom:… 4S23d6

Being in nature.

Chalcopyrite
with inclusions of quartz
Primorsky Krai

Pyrite

Being in nature.

Magnetic iron ore
magnetite Fe3O4

Hematite
hematite Fe2O3

Brown iron ore
Limonite
2 Fe2O3 3 H2O

Iron or sulfur
pyrite (pyrite)

Physical properties

Iron is a relatively soft malleable silver-gray metal.
Melting point - 1535 0С
Boiling point about 2800 0С
At temperatures below 770 ° C, iron has ferromagnetic properties
(it is easily magnetized and you can make a magnet from it).
Above this temperature, the ferromagnetic properties of iron disappear, the iron is "demagnetized".

Iron chemical properties

1. Iron reacts with non-metals:
Fe + S = FeS
When heated to 200-250 ° C, it reacts with chlorine
Fe + Cl2 = FeCl3

Fe0 - 2e = Fe + 2
Cl02 + 2e = 2Cl-1

1 - reducing agent, oxidation process
1 - oxidizing agent, reduction process

Check yourself!

Iron chemical properties

2. Iron reacts with acids.
Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2
In concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids, iron does not dissolve, since a film appears on the metal surface, which prevents the metal from reacting with acid
(metal passivation occurs)
Assignment: Arrange the coefficients in the reaction equation
Fe + HCl FeCl2 + H2 by the electronic balance method, indicate the oxidizing agent, reducing agent, oxidation and reduction processes

Chemical properties of iron.

3. Reacts with metal salt solutions according to the electrochemical range of metal voltages.
Fe + CuSO4 = Fe SO4 + Cu
Assignment: Arrange the coefficients in the reaction equation using the electronic balance method, indicate the oxidizing agent, reducing agent, oxidation and reduction processes

Chemical properties

Read the text of the textbook, write the reaction equations
Fe + H2O
Fe + CuSO4
Fe + O2
Make a conclusion about the chemical activity of a simple substance - iron.
Conclusion:

Iron is a metal of average chemical activity.

The biological role of iron

Iron plays an important role in the life of living organisms.
It is a part of blood hemoglobin, iron compounds are used
for the treatment of anemia, exhaustion, loss of strength.
The main source of iron for humans is food. There is a lot of it
in green vegetables, meat, dried fruits, chocolate.

If interesting…

www.catalogmineralov.ru - the site contains a catalog of minerals, a large collection of photographs and descriptions of minerals.
http: //.elementy.ru- The site "Elements of Big Science" contains catalogs and articles of the popular science journals "Chemistry and Life", "Science and Life", "Nature", etc.
http://www.ovitanah.com - a site dedicated to vitamins and minerals, contains interesting information.
http://alhimik.ru - site "Alchemist" contains a wide variety of information on chemistry.