Topic: “birds are feathered friends. Our Feathered Friends, Nature Exploration Lesson Outline Why We Call Birds Feathered Friends

Goals:

Develop the ability of children to recognize birds by their habits and appearance. To consolidate the knowledge of children about the sequence in the development of birds (egg - chick - bird). Exercise children in the classification of birds into forest, urban, waterfowl. To acquaint children with proverbs and sayings about birds. Continue learning to guess riddles. Maintain children's interest in learning about their native nature. To form in children a caring attitude towards feathered friends.

Equipment:

Photos and pictures of birds; three cardboard eggs cut into several parts; pictures of a forest, city, reservoir; riddles and proverbs prepared on sheets of paper; image of a nest, birdhouse; incompletely colored images of birds; photographs of birds with signed names of species, details of the "birdhouse" application; photographs or pictures of the stages of development of birds.

Lark

Crow

Sparrow

Pigeons

Stork

Woodpecker

Swan

Pelican

Starling

Course of the lesson:

Guys, today in the lesson we will learn a lot of new and interesting things about birds. We are also waiting for games, fun tasks and contests.

(Children are divided into 3 teams, sit down so that it is convenient to communicate. Each team chooses a name for the bird).

Now we are going to the bird show. And our guide will be ... However, guess for yourself:

The woodpecker riddle

Who is wearing a bright red beret
In a black satin jacket?
He doesn't look at me
Everything knocks, knocks, knocks.
(Woodpecker)

Here he is, a woodpecker! Take a look at the color of his feathers. Now it is clear why he has a “bright red beret” and a “black satin jacket”.

Let's get acquainted with the birds. (The teacher asks the children for the names of the famous birds, he names the unknown ones himself).

Redstart

This bird is named so for its red tail, which flutters all the time. Therefore, it seems that it is as if on fire, flashing a spark.

Stork

These large white birds make very long flights. When it's time to build a nest, they choose a higher place for it. These birds have red legs.

Sparrow

He is well adapted to life around a person. Often, in the late afternoon, many sparrows flock to one tree, where they begin to sing, making a deafening noise.

Crow

They are either completely black or black and gray. In each flock of crows, one of the crows always plays the role of a watchman, warning the rest of the danger.

Pigeon

They live everywhere, they are able to return to their nest, no matter how far from it they are.

Woodpecker

It spends most of its time sitting on a tree trunk and knocking on it with its beak to extract insects. The hollow in the trunk, which serves as a nest, is kept by woodpeckers in extraordinary cleanliness.

Lark

It nests on the ground, sings very beautifully, rising high into the sky.

Crane

A large migratory bird, in the sky cranes fly like a wedge.

Hummingbird

A tiny bird, hanging its small nests from branches with cobweb threads.

Cuckoo

She does not build her own nest, but lays an egg in someone else's. Barely born, the cuckoo throws out other eggs or even already hatched chicks from the nest, and one itself devours all the food.

Martin

Builds a nest under the rooftops of grass and mud.

Swan

Quite clumsy on land, much more often they can be found majestically swimming.

Peacock

A bird with a magnificent tail.

Pelican

The pelican puts the caught fish in a long bag under the beak and takes it to the nest.

Parrot

They have bright multi-colored plumage. In captivity, it can imitate well the speech of people.

Tit

A small bird with a yellow belly.

Starling

It is often found in huge flocks, and in the sky they seem to be a black cloud.

Owl

A beautiful nocturnal predator. It used to be believed that owls bring misfortune and mercilessly exterminated them.

Nightingale

A bird famous for its singing, but unremarkable in appearance.

Ostrich

A large African bird, it cannot fly, but it runs very fast.

Hoopoe

He wears a tuft of feathers on his head, which unfolds like a fan.

What is the name of the bird house? The nest is a bird's treasure, it is safely hidden in the grass, leaves or among stones. The eggs in it are like a handful of shining jewels. One thing is that the bird's treasure differs from the real one: it cannot be touched. Only untouched, only not found will it bring joy.

And now I will give you tasks:

1. Count how many eggs are in the nests.
2. Fold a whole egg from the shells.
3. Lay out the painted nests with eggs in size, from smallest to largest.

(Showing a photo of a birdhouse).

But is this house familiar to you? What is it called? Who made it? And who lives in it? It turns out that not only a starling can live in a birdhouse.
Bird houses have been built for a long time. Previously, they were made from twigs, straw, birch bark. And now most often from boards and plywood. And the first to inhabit these houses are usually starlings. That is why all birdhouses are called birdhouses, although a variety of birds live in them.

If the birdhouse hangs in a large garden, then a hoopoe, an elegant bird with a high variegated crest, can settle in it. "Hoopoe - Hoopoe!" - he shouts, for which he was named so.

If you make a bigger birdhouse and hang it higher on a tree, then jackdaws will settle in such a house. And they will bring out their gagging here.

In the park or in the forest, a great spotted woodpecker will find a birdhouse. If the entrance to the bird house seems too narrow to him, the woodpecker will quickly expand it with a sharp beak.

In a birdhouse, which has a larger entrance (entrance), a small scops owl can also settle. Scops owl hunts for nocturnal insects at night. "Sleep, sleep!" - the scops owl shouts in the evening. For this they called her a scops owl.

Sparrows love to live in birdhouses. Here they will bring out the chicks and hide from frost in winter. But the trouble is - the starlings will return home and immediately put the sparrows out of their house. Starlings will drive away from their nesting box and other birds, which is smaller, weaker. That is why special houses are made for small birds - titmouses. A titmouse is smaller than a birdhouse, and most importantly, its entrance is narrower. A starling cannot get into a titmouse, but titmouses and other small birds feel calm here. The titmouse and the redstart, a bird with a bright red tail, will appeal.
In the park or in the forest, the titmouse will find an interesting nuthatch bird. She is amazing in that she knows how to deftly run upside down along the trunk.
The titmouse and pikas are suitable. They called her pika for her plaintive voice.

Take a look and tell me which of these houses is a birdhouse, and which is a titmouse? Why did you decide so?

And now the task for the teams: to assemble a birdhouse from the parts and make an applique.

But not all birds live in birdhouses. There are birds that live near water or on water. Name them. (Ducks, herons, storks, pelicans, gulls, dives, swans, flamingos, cormorants).
And there are birds that prefer to live in the city. Can you name them? (Sparrows, pigeons, crows, rooks, tits). There are also forest birds. Give examples of such birds. (Woodpecker, eagle owl, black grouse, owl).

Now each of the teams will receive a picture. If a forest is drawn on it, then you take only forest birds for yourself; if the city - urban, if the reservoir - waterfowl. (Children select the desired pictures from many images of different birds).

You know there are songbirds. What kind of birds are they? Why are they called singers? (Nightingale, lark, goldfinch).

Fizminutka "Stork"

Stork, long-legged stork,
Show me the way home.
- Stamp with your right foot,
- Stamp with your left foot
And then you will come home.
Again - with the right foot,
Left foot again
After - with the right foot,
After - with the left foot.
Then you will come home.

Contest

Once the Stork flew to the lake for breakfast. He sat down on the bank and thought: “Look how the frogs sang. Am I worse than them? Let me try to sing. He raised his long beak, banged, rattled one half of it against the other - now quieter, now louder, now less often, now more often: a wooden rattle crackles, and that's all! I went so badly that I forgot about my breakfast.

And in the reeds, Bittern stood on one leg, listened and thought: “I am voiceless! Why, the stork is not a songbird, but what a song it is playing. "
I put my beak into the lake, got a full water and how it blows into the beak! A loud hum went along the lake: "Prumb-boo-boo-boom!" - like a bull roared.

That's the song! - thought the Woodpecker, having heard the Bittern from the forest. - I have a tool: why is wood not a drum, and my nose is not a stick?
He rested with his tail, leaned back, swung his head - as if he'd hit a bitch with his nose! Just like a drum roll.

Attention, task. Simulate the movements and singing of the bird, so that everyone would guess what kind of bird it is (dove, sparrow, crow ...).

Did you know that birds are helpers for animals?

1. There is no rest for the giraffe from horseflies, flies, mosquitoes. Little herons walk along the back and long neck of a giraffe and peck at insects.
2. Small cakes fearlessly run into the crocodile's open mouth. Here they look for pieces of meat. Kulichkam food, and crocodile - clean teeth.
3. The honey badger and the honey guide bird live in Africa. The bird finds a nest of wild bees and flies to the honey badger, shouts, shows the way. The honey badger feasts on honey, scatters honeycombs. And the honey guide doesn't need better food than wax.

Birds help not only animals, but also plants.

1. There are hot countries where flowers are pollinated by tiny hummingbirds. A hummingbird will fly up to a flower for sweet juice and pollinate the flower with pollen, which it brought on feathers from other flowers. The hummingbird is the smallest bird in the world.

2. In the fall, jays harvest acorns, nuts, and various seeds for the winter. Yes, not all of their pantries then find. In the spring, acorns and nuts sprout. So jays help trees to settle in new places.

3. Carpenter beetles destroy the tree. Woodpeckers - forest orderlies - with their strong beaks gouge a rotten place on a tree and clean it of beetles.

Finger gymnastics "Lark"

Interlace your thumbs and hook into each other well. For us, it will be the head of a lark. Put the rest of your fingers together, close. These will be the wings. (The teacher accompanies the words with a show). Are your early risers ready? Then we take off and all together we sing: "cir-lyr-lyr-lyu-lyu, cir-lyu-lyu-lyuyuyu."

If he wants, it will fly straight
He wants - hangs in the air,
Falls like a stone from the heights
And sings, sings, sings.

(Children perform movements with their hands in accordance with the spoken text).

Bird Mosaic Quest

Each team receives several fragments in an envelope from which to assemble a bird. (Didactic game "Fold the picture").

Dress Me Up Quest

You have pictures of birds on your table, but they are not completely colored. The rest of the parts should be painted over (the red legs of the stork, the red cap of the woodpecker, the red breast of the bullfinch ...)

Quiz

And now the quiz is a competition of questions. For each correct answer, the team receives a token.

1. What kind of bird is a postal bird? (Pigeon)
2. Which bird wears a black tie on a yellow shirt front? (Tit)
3. What bird sleeps during the day and hunts mice at night? (Owl)
4. What bird is called the orderly of the forest? (Woodpecker)
5. Wading bird, standing on one leg, tucking the other. (Heron)
6. What bird crawls upside down on a tree trunk? (Nuthatch)
7. What bird does not build its own nest, but throws its eggs into other people's nests? (Cuckoo)
8. What is the name of the bird house?
9. What bird does not know how to fly, but swims well, dives and is not afraid of the cold? (Penguin)
10. What large bird cannot fly, but runs well? (Ostrich)
11. What is the smallest bird in the world? (Hummingbird)
12. Which bird is the best singer? (Nightingale)
13. Which bird is called a thief? (Magpie)
14. What is the man-made birdhouse called?
15. Who breeds chicks in winter? (Bullfinch)
16. Which bird has a beautiful tail and an ugly voice? (Peacock)
17. A clumsy bird on the shore and a beauty on the water. (Swan)
18. What is the name of the bird with a high tuft, which shouts: "Hoopoe-hoopoe"?

(The teacher counts the chips and announces the results of the competition).

The rest of the teams can still catch up and overtake the leader, because there is a competition of riddles ahead.

Bird Riddle Contest

I've been catching bugs all day
I eat bugs, worms.
I do not fly away for the winter,
I live under the cornice.
In a gray feather coat
And in cold weather I am a hero.
(Sparrow)

This is an old friend of ours:
He lives on the roof of the house -
Long-legged, long-nosed,
Long-necked, voiceless.
He flies to hunt
Follow the frogs to the swamp.
(Stork)

Stands on one leg
He gazes into the water.
Pokes his beak at random -
Looking for frogs in the river.
A drop hung on my nose.
Do you recognize? It...
(Heron)

Who is without notes and without a pipe
Trills are the best
more vociferous, more tender?
Who is this?
(Nightingale)

Leaves fall from aspens
A sharp wedge rushes in the sky.
(Cranes)

Guess what kind of bird:
Afraid of the bright light
crochet beak, piglet eyes,
Eared head. It …
(Owl)

In winter, there are apples on the branches!
Hurry, collect!
And suddenly - apples fluttered.
After all, this ...
(Bullfinches)

Vereshunya, white-sided,
And her name is ...
(Magpie)

I wear a gray vest
But the wings are black.
See, twenty pairs are circling.
And they shout: “Carr! Carr! Carr! "
Screamer hoarse
Famous person.
Who is she?
(Crow)

The teacher sums up the results of the last competition and the whole lesson.

Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the presentation options. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Goals:

To develop a cognitive interest in the study of animals, to reveal the practical significance of birds in nature.
Develop thinking, broaden the horizons and erudition of students.
To foster a caring attitude towards birds, a desire to help them in difficult winter conditions.

Equipment:

multimedia projector;
presentation;
exhibition of books “Our feathered friends”;
visual material - cards with the names of birds.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment

What do we need for the lesson to be successful? (Be attentive, be able to listen to each other, be able to correct and supplement a friend's answer, work quickly, amicably.)

2. Introductory conversation.

Let's start our lesson with the game “Guess”.

(Slides 2-4)

The bird is small
Has legs,
But he cannot walk.
Wants to take a small step -
It turns out a jump.
(Sparrow)

Flies to us with warmth,
The path, having traveled a long one,
Sculpts a house under the window
From grass and clay.
(Martin)

Motley fidget
Long-tailed bird,
Talkative bird
The most talkative.
(Magpie)

You will recognize him immediately:
Black-billed, Black-eyed,
He follows the plow importantly,
He finds worms and beetles.
(Rook)

With a yellow breast at the window
Gathers quickly crumbs.
Guess what kind of bird?
Called ...
(Tit)

Black-winged, red-breasted,
And in the winter will find shelter:
He is not afraid of a cold -
With the first snow right there!
(Bullfinch)

Who will be discussed in the lesson? (Slide 5)

Who are the birds? (Birds are animals whose bodies are covered with feathers.)

3. The benefits of birds

Birds are called “feathered friends”. Why do you think? (Slide 7)

Birds save crops from rodents. A long-eared owl can eat up to 10 voles a day, and a booze owl eats about 1200 rodents a year. The steppe eagle destroys gophers and mice. It is estimated that one mouse eats 2-3 kg of grain per year, and a gopher - up to 16 kg.
Destroy plant pests. In a day, a starling can eat as many caterpillars as it weighs itself and will not get fat at all, as it spends a lot of energy looking for food, building a nest and caring for chicks. Over the summer, the cuckoo eats up to 270 thousand large caterpillars and May beetles. The rook, following the plow, is able to destroy 400 worms - plant pests in a day. A family of swallows over the summer destroys about a million different harmful insects.
Reduce contamination of fields... Many birds - oatmeal, greenfinches, larks, goldfinches and others peck at the seeds and fruits of weeds.
Many birds are orderlies. Kites, vultures, eagles and other birds look everywhere for the corpses of fallen animals and birds and destroy them, feed on landfills and garbage dumps, thus contributing to the improvement of the area.
Promotes seed dispersal. In autumn and winter, the main food of waxwings is rowan berries, rose hips, and barberries. The gluttony of waxwings is so great that not all the food they eat is absorbed by the body: part of the berries and fruits in an undigested form are released from the intestines of birds and, once in the soil, gives full shoots. So waxwings contribute to the spread of plants.
Thanks to the birds, man invented the airplane. Having carefully studied the wings of different birds, bird flight, body structure, scientists invented an airplane.

4. Classification of birds

There is a wide variety of birds in nature. In the forest, in the field, on the river, in settlements - all kinds of birds live everywhere. I offer you cards with the names of birds. Divide the birds into groups. (Group work)

What groups did you get?

The result of the work (Slides 9-10):

Option I

Option II

What birds are called migratory?

(Migratory birds are birds that make regular seasonal movements between nesting and wintering sites.)

What kind of birds are called sedentary?

(Sedentary refers to birds that adhere to a certain territory and do not move outside of it.)

What birds are called nomadic?

(Wandering birds are birds that move from one place to another over relatively short distances and briefly in search of food.)

Why do some birds fly away to warm regions with the onset of cold weather? (Many migratory birds feed on insects. With the onset of cold weather, all insects hide, therefore, in search of food, birds fly to warm lands.)

Why do not sedentary birds fly away to warmer regions?

(Hibernating birds do not fly away from us to warm regions, as they find food in winter too. They feed on buds, seeds and fruits of plants, hidden insects, and look for food near human habitation.)

5. Stocks for the winter

At the end of summer, some wintering birds stock up for the winter. These are tits, nuthatches, etc. Listen to the work of Nikolai Sladkov “Tit stock”.

Blue stock

Collecting in stock means saving yourself. Everyone saves himself in his own way. The gopher steals grain from the fields and hides it in its hole. He even digs special pantries for stolen grain. The water rat clogs the holes with potatoes. Up to a pood, it happens, coaches. The owl freezes for the winter in a hollow, like in a refrigerator, mice and birds. One such thrifty owl was once found as much as two kilograms of wood mice! And one ermine put five water rats, seven voles, a titmouse, a viper, a lizard, a newt, a frog and a swimming beetle in a hole!

All this is for a rainy day.

They stock up as much as they can, where they can. Everything is different, but everything is for yourself: in your pantry, in your hollow, in your hole.

And only one funny crested titmouse gather supplies in a completely different way. Although they are funny, they also have dark days. And therefore they store up tirelessly. A bug, a spider, a fly is good. A seed, a grain, a berry will do. They have no pantries of their own: no burrows, no hollows. There would be a comfortable crack in the bark, especially under a knot, where neither rain nor wind could break through.

Hundreds of trees, thousands of pantries. But will you remember all of them? And you don't need to memorize them: these pantries are for everyone! Does it really matter whose stock you find: yours or someone else's? You pecked at someone, and someone took yours. You are for everyone, and everything is for you.

A black day is terrible for everyone: everyone needs to have a supply. And you can collect it in different ways. You can be like a rat - only to yourself. Or like a crested tit - for everyone.

Some birds store reserves in their hollow. And how are the stocks of the crested titmouse made?

What reserves do titmouses make for the winter?

Are these reserves sufficient for a long, harsh winter?

6. Protection of birds in winter. Feeder sketch

Winter is a tough time for birds. But, despite the fact that some birds make reserves for the winter, they die in thousands in the harsh months of winter. Scientists have calculated that out of 10 tits, 1-2 meet spring. Why is this happening?

(Because the birds do not have enough food. Insects in hibernation. Fruits, berries, grass seeds under the snow.)

How can we help birds survive the long winter months?

(Make feeders, hang them on trees and feed the birds every day).

To feed the birds in winter means to save hundreds of thousands of our feathered friends from starvation, to give them the opportunity to wait for spring. Of course, this is possible if you and I make feeders.

What can you make a feeder from? (From a juice box, from a plastic bottle, from plywood, wood, etc.)

Come up with and draw a sketch of the feeder. (Group work)

Discussion of work results

Consider the sketches of the feeders. What are the most successful feeders? Which are the most reliable?

(Closed feeders are the most reliable. A prerequisite is protection of the feed in them from wind, snow, rain. The feeder should be accessible for birds and inaccessible for predators.)

Bird feeders can be of various designs. Consider what kind of feeders people made from different materials. (Slide 14)

7. Feeding birds

When do you think it's best to hang out the feeders?

(It is better to hang the feeders in the fall - in November. At this time, it is still not difficult for birds to find food in other places, but, feeding on the feeders, they gradually get used to them, remember their location.)

What can you feed the birds with?

(The best food for birds will be various seeds: watermelon, melon, pumpkin, zucchini, sunflower, oats and millet. But you can put various cereals and bread crumbs into the feeders. It is advisable to crush large seeds. so that they do not freeze. Such birds as titmice, will gladly peck on crumbs of cheese, cottage cheese, peck pieces of meat and unsalted bacon, since salt for birds is poison. Birds love soaked dried fruits and mushrooms.)

What rules should be followed when feeding birds?

Winter feeding of birds must be systematic, without interruption, otherwise it will be harmful. Having got used to finding food in a certain place every day, the birds, suddenly not finding it, will not fly immediately to another place, but will wait, lose time and energy, and may die on frosty days.
Feeding products must be fresh. Sour or moldy foods cause acute intestinal upset in birds and can even lead to death. And rye bread swells in the goiter of birds and can cause their death.
Once a week, the feeders must be cleared of snow and debris.
You need to finish feeding when the daytime temperature rises above zero and basic feed becomes available.

8. Listening to the poem by Alexander Yashin "Feed the birds in winter"

(Prepared Apprentice)

Feed the birds in winter.
Let from all ends
They will flock to you like home,
Flocks on the porch.

Their feed is not rich.
A handful of grain is needed
One handful -
And not scary

It will be winter.
How many of them die - do not count,
It's hard to see.
But in our heart there is
And it's warm for the birds.

Is it possible to forget:
Could fly away
And they stayed for the winter
Along with people.

Train your birds in frost
To your window
So that without songs you don't have to
We welcome spring.

9. Literature review

The librarians of the school and the city have selected interesting works for you about birds and their lives. These are the stories and tales of V. Bianchi, N. Sladkov, M. Prishvin, G. Skrebitsky; Red Book, where you can find information about rare birds. And these are not all works about our feathered friends. You can go to the libraries of the school and the city, choose the books you are interested in and get acquainted with many interesting facts from the life of birds.

10. Crossword "Do you know birds"

This is the only bird that can move upside down along the trunk. (Nuthatch)
Which bird breeds chicks in winter? (Crossbill)
With the onset of cold weather, this bird appears in settlements. It feeds on pieces of meat, bacon, cereals, bread crumbs. (Tit)
Is this bird stocking up for the winter? (Owl)
In cold weather, these birds sit tightly pressed to each other, cackling. (Sparrows)
Which bird has the longest tongue? (At the woodpecker)
This bird is an inhabitant of taiga forests. This bird has a snowy name. (Bullfinch)
This bird is conducive to the spread of plants. (Waxwing)
This bird is called a thief. Likes to grasp what is bad. (Magpie)
What bird spends the night buried in the snow? (Capercaillie)
This bird is a symbol of peace and friendship. (Pigeon)
This sedentary bird can be taught to speak individual words, phrases. (Crow)
Which bird lays its eggs in other birds' nests? (Cuckoo)
This bird is not only a doctor, but also a carpenter. During his life, he gouges dozens of hollows, which serve as houses for birds. (Woodpecker)

What is the superfluous bird here? (The cuckoo is a migratory bird.)

11. Final reflection

What new did you learn in the lesson?

Where can the acquired knowledge be useful to you?

Where can I get information about bird life?

How can each of us help wintering birds?

Who was interested in working?

If your own feeder hangs near your house, the birds will quickly get used to such a dining room and become frequent guests in it. And you will be able to observe them, draw pictures and write down interesting facts of observation. The birds will surely thank you with a beautiful spring song and a rich harvest of your garden, saved from pests.

Why are birds called feathered? Objectives: 1. To find out why birds are called feathered. Tasks: - educational: 1. To get acquainted with the meaning of the word "birds". 2. To get acquainted with the types of feathers, their structure and purpose. - educational: 1. To educate curiosity. 2. To cultivate respect for the animal world. - developing: 1. To develop the ability to work with literature and the Internet. 2. Teach the rules of communication.

Feathered These are adjectives meaning birds, derived from the noun feather - feather, which goes back to the same stem as the feather and has related words in other Indo-European languages. The etymological dictionary of the Russian language Krylov A bird is recognized by its feathers, the Germans say, and this very correctly distinguishes birds from all other vertebrates. FEATHER FEATHER, feathers pl. Perier Wed, Church. bird clothes, substitute for wool. The feather consists of a stem and a mahawk, a flap or a beard; stem: from a butt, a trunk or a pipe with a heart or a sweetheart, and from a turnip. The pipe ends with a butt that sits in the body. Dudka ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Feathers are the most complex, but at the same time very light horny formations of the skin. They were transformed in the process of evolution from the scales of ancient reptiles. Feathers make the surface of the bird's body smooth, and when it is in flight, air flows around its body without much resistance. The feathers create lift and traction. In addition, with their help, the bird regulates the direction of flight (tail feathers). Keeping warm, resiliently springy and at the same time very strong, they form an even layer that protects birds from all kinds of harmful environmental influences of overheating, cold, damp and wind, and prevents heat loss.

Most birds shed or lose their feathers at regular intervals, usually once a year (a process called molting). Molting is a highly organized process that occurs gradually, which prevents the appearance of naked spots on the body of the bird. This process is so highly organized that the flight and tail feathers are lost in exactly pairs, one on each side, so that it keeps balance.

Conclusions: The feather is a strong but lightweight structure. To fly, birds need special types of feathers. They must be strong enough to support the weight of the bird in flight. The central branch going down the feather is called the pivot. The shaft is connected to smaller ramifications called barbs. Further, the barbs are connected to each other by structures called barbs. The interconnected structure of each feather gives it strength. When the bird flies, hundreds of contour feathers allow it to push off the air and propel itself forward.

“The pen is a miracle of natural engineering. It is extremely light and at the same time structurally strong, much more flexible than the stretched skin of a bat, with which it holds itself during flight, or the rigid structure of the wings of an aircraft, it is much faster to recover or replace when damaged. Despite the fact that it is almost weightless, it is quite strong. The sturdy feather shaft provides rigidity when support is needed, but softens closer to the apex when flexibility is required when maneuvering in the air in a matter of seconds. Feel the fan - it is smooth and soft to the touch, yet durable. Part the beards; bring them back together again by running them through your fingertips, as a bird does when brushing them with its beak. The complexity of this design can be appreciated by looking at the pen under a microscope. "

We took animal hair and poultry feathers and dipped them into the water. Observing, we saw that the wool got wet and began to sink, and the bird's feathers remained dry on the surface of the water. Takeaway: Bird feathers do not get wet and this helps the birds stay dry while swimming. And why? This means that the birds are lubricating them with something. Suppose fat.

Flight is the main mode of movement for most bird species, helping them to search for food, migrate and escape from predators. Flight is the most specific form of movement of birds, which determined the main features of the organization of this class. The ability of birds to fly has caused a number of adaptations to ensure flight, takeoff and landing, orientation in space and navigation.

Experience 1: "Which flies better?" We took two sheets of paper. One of them was crumpled into a ball. They threw him up and saw that he fell down like a stone. We also threw another sheet, and it smoothly began to descend. Why? The uncropped leaf is wide, it leans against the air due to the fact that it has a large surface, and does not fall down, but flies.

We launched paper birds and watched them fly. The bird with its wings spread was in the air longer, its flight was smoother and more beautiful. And the bird with folded wings quickly fell down like a stone. Experience 4 "Which bird will stay in flight longer."

On both sides of the wing, two autonomous air flows are created, each of which moves at its own speed, while the speed of the air flow that goes around the upper part of the wing (and travels a longer path) is greater. More speed is provided by lower air pressure at the top of the winglet. The pressure difference creates the lifting force. The difference in speeds ensures that two streams simultaneously reach the wing tip, which is necessary for flight. Wing shape is an important factor in determining the type and characteristics of flight that a bird is capable of. Different wing shapes meet different trade-offs for creating desired characteristics such as airspeed, energy consumption and maneuverability. So, wings are the main body parts adapted for flight.

Wing shape is an important factor in determining the type and characteristics of flight that a bird is capable of. Different wing shapes meet different trade-offs for creating desired characteristics such as airspeed, energy consumption and maneuverability.

Elliptical Wings Short and rounded, with a slight elongation that allows birds to maneuver in confined spaces such as dense vegetation. Such wings are characteristic of forest birds of prey (for example, the hawk) and many passerines.

High-speed wings. High-speed wings are short and pointed, have a high wing loading and provide a high frequency of flaps for the highest possible speed at the expense of significant energy consumption. This type of wing is characteristic of small birds and is characterized by a very large relative wing length.

Wings with relatively high aspect ratio. Wings with a relatively high aspect ratio are very long and slender, and usually have low wing loading and are used for slow flight, almost hovering. Such wings are common in petrels, terns, goatfishes and birds that are able to dynamically hover over the waves to conserve energy, which is common among seabirds. A special case of this type is the wings of giant petrels and albatrosses, which are most adapted to long-term hovering.

Soaring Wings Soaring wings are relatively wide and are typical of large land birds such as eagles, vultures, pelicans, and storks. The deep grooves at the ends of the wings between the flight feathers reduce the force of air resistance, and the relatively short size allows you to climb from the ground without the need for significant acceleration.

Tail The tail feathers are able to move apart, significantly increasing the area. Also, the tail can move in two directions with the help of six pairs of muscles. Although most birds have tail feathers of approximately the same length and form a flat, open tail, the shape of the tail can vary.

Body structure. Birds have a special body structure and a unique keel bone. In all bird species, the outer surface of the chest protrudes noticeably forward, thereby forming a keel. The bird's skeleton is especially rigid, which ensures that all bones are tightly spliced with each other, that is, the bird's spine is very tightly fixed!

Breath. Birds have a unique respiratory organ - an air sac. When the bird inhales, the air passes through the small tubes-bronchioles of the lungs into these very air sacs. Thus, in birds, double breathing is observed, which significantly increases the level of oxygen supply to the body, which is vital during flight. Air bags

The heart of a bird is quite large, and its ratio to body weight is several times greater than that of mammals. Such a large heart is necessary for accelerated blood circulation, without which flight would not be possible, since the bird simply would not have enough strength and energy. Surprisingly, a bird's heart is capable of making 1000 beats per minute, while the pressure rises to 180 mm Hg.

One of the varieties of the squirrel family, the flying squirrel, has special folds in the skin between its front and hind legs, and thanks to this, they can safely glide in the air at a distance of more than 400 meters. She controls the flight at the expense of her tail. And fish, for example, can fly more than 100 meters in the air, although only special fish are flying. They can jump out of the water, thanks to the peculiarities of their tail, and their pectoral fins act as wings, opening in the air. Even forest frogs have the ability to glide over short distances thanks to the webbing between the toes.

The bat is the only mammal that flies like a bird using its wings. They are not solid, but consist as if of sectors and resemble a brush with fingers. This allows her to fly at low speeds and provides ample room for maneuvering. The wings of a mouse are formed by a thin membrane of skin without fur, connecting the forelimbs with the lateral parts of the body. The bat is a nocturnal animal.

The largest - The largest bats are bats or flying foxes. They are so called because of the elongated muzzle, similar to a mouse or a fox. Representatives of this species live on the island of Java, their wingspan is 1.7 m, and the length of the folded wing is 42 cm. The smallest bat lives in Thailand, it weighs 2 g, and its length is 3.3 cm. Group 1 - birds of prey. Birds of prey have a special structure of the beak, which ends in a powerful hook, and toes, which end in powerful claws. All this helps them to grasp and hold prey. They feed on rodents, other birds, and hares.

THE WORLD
1 CLASS
THEME:

"BIRDS - FEATHERED FRIENDS"
PURPOSE: To acquaint children with the diversity of birds, to teach them to highlight their essential distinctive features, to foster a good attitude towards birds, to develop creativity, speech and thinking.
1.Word on duty.

2. Message of the topic.

What we are going to talk about today in the lesson, guess for yourself. To do this, find an extra animal in this row and explain why. (on the screen)
Birds are found all over the world. There are more than 750 species of them within Russia, and 250 species within Chuvashia. Birds are sensitive, colorful, receptive, elegant and have interesting habits.

Do you want to know more about birds?

Then I announce the topic of our lesson: "Birds are feathered friends."

3. Explanation of the new.

Why are birds called feathered?

Almost all birds have 4 main types of feathers. (on the screen)

Helmsmen - with the help of them the bird determines the direction of flight.

Flight (What are they for?) - help to fly.

Contoured - protects down feathers and gives the body a streamlined shape.

And what are downy puffs for? - to keep warm.

What other external general signs of birds do you know? (Wings, pair of legs)

Look at a number of these words. Which of these words is superfluous and why?

Martin

What 2 groups can these birds be divided into?

Birds
Flying Not Flying

Do you know these birds? To find out, we will play the game "Flies, does not fly". If the bird flies, wave your arms, and if it doesn't fly, squat.

Why doesn't the penguin fly?

The emperor penguin is the largest of the penguins. The eggs are incubated by the male.

The ostrich feeds on leaves, fruits, insects. Small animals. For a long time, it can do without water. Lives in treeless places. In the morning, the female incubates the eggs, and the male at night.

And on another basis, what two groups can you divide?
Birds

Wild Homemade

How are wild birds different from domestic ones?

Can birds be grouped according to what they eat?

carnivorous carnivorous granivores

What birds of prey do you know?

Owl

Mentioned in various legends as the "king of the night". Currently, an eagle owl can rarely be seen even in the Prisurskiy nature reserve, which is located in Chuvashia. The bird eats up to 240 g of feed per day. There have been cases. When up to 30 mouse skulls were removed from the stomach of an owl. It also attacks ducks and wood grouses. Not afraid of the hedgehog's prickly needles.

Buzzard

A very useful bird. During the summer, one pair of buzzards eats 500-1000 murine rodents. This bird is also under protection.
- Have you ever seen how birds fly away to warm regions?

What form do flocks of birds acquire during flight.

(on the painting)

(ducks in an arc, geese in a line, cranes in a wedge)

What is the name of the birds that fly away to warm lands? (flight)

There are birds that live here all year round, and they are called sedentary.

Let's take a look at them now. (video - pigeons, sparrows, magpies, crows)

Oriole - sings very beautifully, in case of anxiety makes sounds similar to a cat. This is a migratory bird.

The cuckoo is a glutton, eating caterpillars that other birds do not eat. 100 caterpillars per hour is the norm for a cuckoo meal. Chicks are born naked and blind, but strong enough. In autumn they fly away to warm regions.

Bullfinch - it was named so. Because he comes to us with the first snow.

Let's conclude into which three groups all birds can be divided. Birds

wintering migratory sedentary
- Birds can be seen everywhere. But where exactly? Let's draw a conclusion, all birds by where they live, what three groups can they be divided into?
Birds
Forest Waterfowl Meadow

Nuthatch mallard lark

Warbler swan - quail quail

Great cuckoo

Robin snipe

Jay crane

We talked a lot about birds today, and we will check what you remember. For this we will play the game "Scrabble". To do this, we will split into three teams and use this cube to determine who will start the game. (Draw)

Now listen to the conditions of the game. The game consists of three levels. The first level has the lowest scores and the third level has the highest. The team with the most points wins.

And the last task, correlate the words of the first column with the words of the second.
waterfowl chicken

home lark

meadow sparrow

forest crane

sedentary cuckoo

And I want to end the lesson with Shefner's poem "Take care of the birds"