Large stable dlt. House of Leningrad Trade, DLT: the story of its appearance. Remote lithotripsy - how it is done

The plot of the house number 21-23 on Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street) since 1735 was part of the estate of the cabinet minister Artemiy Petrovich Volynsky, who received it as a gift from Empress Anna Ioannovna. The one-story manor house was located in the depths of the site. Its main facade faced the Moika River and had three projections. The mansion was designed by the architect P.M.Eropkin, whose sister was married to the owner of the house. In 1740, the northern border of the site was determined by a new passage, later named Volynsky Lane.

The last years of the life of the cabinet minister Volynsky passed here. A noble circle gathered in his house, at which important state affairs were discussed. The estate was visited by P. M. Eropkin, A. D. Kantemir, F. I. Soimonov, V. N. Tatishchev, A. F. Khrushchev. On charges of treason, Volynsky was executed in the summer of 1740.

The following rulers of Russia rehabilitated Volynsky. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna returned her father's estate to the daughter of the former cabinet minister Anna as a dowry at her wedding with Count A.S. Gendrikov.

In the middle of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century, the site alternately belonged to the president of the Commerce Collegium, Baron K.L. von Mengden, Field Marshal Count P. B. Sheremetev and his son N. P. Sheremetev.

Under the Sheremetevs, the former Volynsky courtyard was divided into two sections - houses # 21 and 23 along Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street. Since the 18th century, at the corner of this street and Volynsky lane, there was a stone two-story house, colloquially called Volynkin (less often Volynsky). It was a cab yard, the carriages from which stood in search of clients on Bolshaya and Malaya Konyushenny streets.

The site of the house number 23 was built up with stone buildings in 1836 according to the project of the architect I. I. Bernshtein. On the side of Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street there was a three-story building. It contained hotel rooms with white tiled stoves and carved reliefs on the doors. The hotel belonged to the official Alexander Volkov, by whose last name the hotel was called "Volkov's rooms". From the side of the Moika there were "family" baths, and in the courtyard there were "national" baths. They caused dampness on the walls of the neighboring French-German church, which required covering the ground with a layer of clay and the drain walls and floors with lead.

Volkov's rooms were the residence of M.E.Saltykov-Shchedrin (at the beginning of 1845 and in the winter of 1856) and M.I. Glinka (in September 1851). Perhaps FM Dostoevsky stayed here in July 1871, who then lived in one of the hotels on Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street.

Since 1890, the plot of house No. 23 has been owned by the wife of the official S. V. Pryaslov. By her order in 1892, the baths were reconstructed by the academician of architecture N.A. Gakkel.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the plot of house No. 21 belonged to the merchants G. Fröhlich and A. Frankfeldt. With them, there were carriage and draft cabs, Banukhin's (later Kudryavtsev's) tavern, trade shops, including a sausage shop called "Maria".

In 1906, both sites were bought by the Guards Economic Society, which had previously had warehouses and shops in another, closer place (Liteiny pr. 20/1). The starting amount of the transaction was about 800,000 rubles, but after various bank frauds, the price was reduced to 630,000 rubles. This amount turned out to be very cheap for the center of St. Petersburg. Indeed, before the acquisition of the former "Volynkin Dvor", the Guards Economic Society was considering other plots in the city center, where the price of land was three to four times higher.

An international competition for the best design of a new building was announced at the beginning of 1907. The jury consisted of the famous Austrian architect Otto Wagner, St. Petersburg architects L. N. Benois and P. Yu. Suzor. The project was supposed to provide for a single complex of a commercial building from the side of Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street and a tenement building from the Moika side.

25 projects were submitted to the competition. But none of them was awarded the first prize and was not approved for construction. As a result, the prizes were awarded to N. V. Vasiliev, E. F. Virrikh, L. A. Ilyin, M. M. Peretyatkovich. But none of the project options they proposed was accepted for implementation. In July 1907, E. F. Virrich was chosen as the chief architect of the new building.

The new project was based on Wirrich's own developments and ideas of the engineer Joseph Vladimirovich Padlevsky, who had previously collaborated with Wirrich in the design. While the project was being drawn up, the chairman of the Construction Committee (he is also the chairman of the board of the SEO), Colonel Bolotov, on the advice of Suzor, went abroad to study the experience of building large shopping centers in Paris and Berlin. Later, Wirrich and his assistant, civil engineer S.S.Krichinsky, were sent there. The latter soon gave up work after a conflict with Wirrich. Their dispute in 1908 spilled over into the pages of the Zodchiy magazine, where Stepan Samoilovich defended the degree of his participation in the project. In the end, the architect Boris Yakovlevich Botkin was taken to replace Krichinsky. Another assistant Virrikh, the architect Nikolai Vasilievich Vasiliev, contributed to the work. The project, completed in March 1908, was signed by Wirrich and Krichinsky.

Since the project proposed the construction of a building with huge spans, for its implementation it was necessary to erect the steel frame of the entire building. But the experience of operating brick buildings with a steel frame has shown that during fires this negatively affects the strength of the object. A more reliable way of construction was suggested by the events in Tunisia, which happened in the spring of 1907. Then there were built three buildings of the Reinforced Concrete Mill. Due to poor ground, one of them tilted sideways by 20 degrees, but remained intact and it became possible to bring it to an upright position. In St. Petersburg, a similar construction experience was obtained only during the construction of a flour mill, built in February 1908 on the banks of the Obvodny Canal. Members of the commission for the construction of the GEO Trading House visited the mill, and also listened to a report on the use of reinforced concrete in the Imperial Russian Technical Society. The final decision was made after comparing the cost of the reinforced and reinforced concrete frame. As a result, a decision was made in favor of the latter.

The first stage of construction affected the corner of the site adjacent to Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street and Volynsky Lane. From February to May 1, 1908, the site was cleared of old buildings, some of which were adapted to accommodate a construction office. On March 24, excavation began, on May 14, the iron weaving of the foundation slab began, and on May 20, concreting began.

The leading experts in the field of reinforced concrete application - N. A. Belelyubsky, N. A. Zhitkevich, V. P. Statsenko, V. A. Shevalev acted as consultants on technical issues during construction. Construction works carried out Joint-Stock Company"Weiss and Freytag". The construction commission separately noted that the contractor was a "purely German, not Jewish" firm. A representative of the firm, engineer Virsch, with assistants worked at the construction site. In especially critical cases, he sent project documentation to Germany, where his advice was given by a prominent specialist in reinforced concrete, Professor Mersch. The concrete itself was supplied by domestic firms. Its high quality was confirmed by tests carried out at the Institute of Civil Engineers by Professors N. A. Belelyubsky and V. V. Ewald.

The groundbreaking ceremony for the GEO building took place on 13 July. The ceremony was attended by the highest ranks of the Imperial Guard, the commanders of the Life Guards regiments, the commander of the Guards Corps Adjutant General Danilov and his predecessor Adjutant General Prince S. I. Vasilchikov, the founder of the GEO Infantry General Skugarevsky.

The huge monolithic frame was built in just five months - a very short time for that time. The cost of construction (without equipment) was 1,200,000 rubles.

The trading house was opened already on December 7, 1909. At the opening ceremony of the Gvardeisky Trading House economic society Minister of War V. A. Sukhomlinov took part. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the commander of the troops and the Petersburg military district, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich, arrived here. He was met by the chairman of the board of the Guards Economic Society V.V. Bolotov.

By all accounts, the new building of the department store of the Guards Economic Society represented "the last word in architecture." Its foundation was made of a solid solid reinforced concrete slab, laid at a depth of three and a half meters from the level of the roadway. Columns grew directly from it to the entire height of five floors. Large shopping room, with an area of ​​about 400 sq. m., designed in the form of an atrium. It is covered with a triple transparent glass coating with an fused metal mesh. Light penetrates not only from above, but also from the side, through the screen, which contains the far end of the hall. The corner of the building was decorated with a tower, the spire of which is covered with smalt cladding made by V.A.Frolov's workshop.

First three floors shopping complex open with wide showcases. The fourth floor was for the administration. On the fifth and attic floors, as well as in the basement, there were warehouses and workshops. The facades of the building are faced with Radom sandstone. Military and trade emblems, mascarons were created in the workshop of the modeler V.I. Zhilkin with the participation of the sculptor-modeller A.E. Gromov, they were made in bronze ceramics under the direction of the artist-ceramist P.K.Vaulin. The portals are made of Kielce marble.

The high cost of finishing the facade of the GEO building was explained by the fact that in the future its operation would be more profitable. The use of not simple, but mirrored glass in glazing was justified by the fact that the former are accepted for insurance, and the latter are not.

The center of the internal volume of the building is a huge atrium illuminating four floors (three retail and one office). Its glass ceiling is borne by only seven reinforced concrete arches. The retail premises of the first floor open into it with lobbies, the second and third - with choirs and galleries. The main staircase with a huge stained-glass window at the end of the hall leads to the second floor. The ceiling of the atrium is separated from the zenith skylight that crowns the entire structure of the building by three more floors with offices and workshops. There is another floor under the atrium, that is, the GEO Trading House is actually eight-story.

Part of the building from the side of Volynsky Lane was not all given over to trade. Only the first floor was dedicated to her. Shoe workshops were located on the third floor, a dining room on the fourth, and ordinary apartments on the second, fifth and sixth.

During the construction of the first stage, Volynsky Lane was expanded. In 1909, one-story stables with barns were erected in its middle part.

In 1912-1913, under the leadership of military engineer Ivan Leonardovich Balbashevsky, the second stage of construction was carried out - the Small Hall of the department store was built. The new premises were connected with a single façade to the existing building. Simultaneously with this Balbashevsky, at the corner of Moika and Volynsky lane, a tenement house of the Guards Economic Society was built (34-36 Moika River Embankment).

With the opening of the department store of the Guards Economic Society, the number of shops in the region has significantly decreased. Here the officers of the Guards regiments enjoyed privileges, the institution was called in everyday life the "Guards Housekeeper". The assortment of the trading house was huge. It was realized by the manufacturing, clerical, linen, perfumery, household, glass, fruit, confectionery, sausage, departments. In addition, the guards sold weapons, optics, furniture, silver ...

In 1918, the trading house was transformed into the First State Department Store. Some of the premises were given over to offices. On November 3, 1927, the department store, the second largest in the USSR, was opened as the "House of Leningrad Cooperation LSPO (Leningrad Union of Consumer Societies)". More often it was called the abbreviation DLK. This is reminiscent of the marble plaque installed at the entrance.

In addition to trading establishments, DLK worked and manufacturing enterprises, which continued the tradition of the existence of workshops in the building of the GEO. They produced soft drinks, toys, bread. Trade union organizations, jewelry and consignment shops also worked here. In the 1930s, the trading house became known as the central store "Torgsin" (from the phrase "trade with foreigners"). In "Torgsin" the counters pleased the customers with an abundance, but it was possible to buy goods here only for currency or precious metals. Since November 1935, the trading establishment is known as the "House of Leningrad Trade", which was associated with the inclusion of the store into the Main Department Store of the People's Commissariat of Internal Trade. Since then, the abbreviation DLT has become widely known in the country.

In connection with the change of the abbreviation, a legend appeared, allegedly explaining this fact. Many local historians consider the name "Leningrad House of Trade" more logical than "House of Leningrad Trade". According to legend, the combination of the letters LDT coincided with the initials of Lev Davidovich Trotsky, which, after being declared an enemy of the people, simply could not be. Then the logic in the name of the trading house was allegedly broken. This tale is refuted by the architect-historian MN Mikishatyev, who logically argues that the "Leningrad House of Trade" would be logical for a small regional center, but not for the huge St. Petersburg, where there were a great many trading houses. That is, DLT is the "Trading House of Leningrad Trade", but without the first word.

The building of the House of Leningrad Trade was badly damaged during the Great Patriotic War... It was restored in 1944-1947. Shortly after the end of the war, the Central Commercial Department Store was opened here. It was possible to purchase goods not by orders and cards. but for the money, albeit very large. Already on the eve of the first post-war September 1, a school market was held in DLT. On New Year's Eve, the main hall of the department store was decorated with a 10-meter festive tree.

In the 1970s, DLT began to specialize in the sale of products for children.

In the 2000s, the building of the House of Leningrad Trade was slowly reconstructed. It was reopened on September 6, 2012. From that day on, elite clothing boutiques, so familiar to Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street, have been operating in it.

The long-awaited DLT opening will take place in spring 2012: Tom Ford, Jimmy Choo, Celine, Bottega Veneta, Lanvin, Tod "s, Alexander McQueen and Oscar de la Renta brands will be presented at the branch of the Moscow Central Department Store.

In the next article in the series, be-in decided to recall the history of the legendary St. Petersburg DLT.

History

The largest and first department store in St. Petersburg was opened in 1909 as the Trading House of the Guards Economic Society - a joint-stock company, to which all officers of St. Petersburg Guards units had the right to join. The chief architect of the building was Ernst Frantsevich Virrikh from Odessa, whose project was selected based on the results international competition... The construction was carried out by the German society "Weiss and Freytag", which erected a five-storey building of the Trading House on the site of a cab and a small hotel.

During the work, all the latest technologies and materials were used: for the first time in the country, a monolithic reinforced concrete frame was used on such a huge scale. Three years after the opening of the department store, new premises were added to it under a common facade - already under the leadership of the military engineer I.L. Balbashevsky. Two trading halls were covered with a grandiose glass ceiling, and skilful mosaics adorned the Konyushennaya spire. In the department store one could buy anything - from clothes to gastronomy, and even order goods from foreign catalogs.

In the mid-1920s, the ownership of the House passed to the Leningrad Union of Consumer Societies: seven years later, the House of Leningrad Cooperatives opened its doors. Here in the 1930s, on the first two floors, "Torgsin" was located, where in exchange for gold one could get scarce goods.

Since 1935, the department store has acquired the familiar name of the House of Leningrad Trade. A logical question is why DLT is not called the "Leningrad House of Trade": a legend is associated with the name of the department store, according to which the name of LDT would repeat Trotsky's initials, hence the slightly awkward interpretation of DLT. During the war, the building was damaged during shelling and was completely restored only in 1947 - but in 1944-1945, the Central Commercial Department Store operated in the DLT premises, where products were distributed by cards.

In 1965 the commercial enterprise DLT, which included both the department store and its St. Petersburg branches. At the same time, the management decided to focus the DLT assortment on children's products, and for a long time the department store was associated with family shopping.

Photo: photosight.ru/photos/2696519/

In 2005, the department store acquired a new owner, Mercury, and a new name, DLT TSUM St. Petersburg, after which it was closed for a lengthy renovation. For six years, renovations continued in the premises at the corner of Bolshaya Konyushennaya and Volynsky Pereulok, during which retail space department store expanded by vacating the two upper floors, which previously housed office space. Now the facade of the building is covered with announcing posters with the familiar orange TSUM logos.

Photo: Ilya Itkin

Space

Layout of DLT TSUM St. Petersburg will be a classic scheme of the world's largest department stores: a separate floor will be allocated for each category of goods. The first will feature accessories, jewelry, perfumes and cosmetics, the second and third - women and men's clothing where VIP rooms with personal stylists and comfortable fitting rooms will be organized, a floor with youth clothing will be located above, and children's goods on the fifth floor. The last floor will be filled with restaurants, bars and cafes.

DLT during repair. Photo: mr-spb.ru

Photo: DLT press service

Today

In the spring of 2012 DLT will open in a new format - for 32,000 sq.m. the six-story department store will accommodate all best brands of the luxury segment, many of which had not been sold in St. Petersburg before. The DLT, which is now a branch of the Moscow Central Department Store, will feature Tom Ford, Jimmy Choo, Celine, Bottega Veneta, Lanvin, Tod's, Alexander McQueen, Oscar de la Renta, Alexander Wang, Alice & Olivia, Helmut Lang, Elizabeth & James and others. Petersburg will bring jeans brands J Brand, 7 For All Mankind and Current Elliott, which were previously sold only in a few boutiques, as well as the long-awaited, simple and thus beautiful jersey James Perse.

The official website of DLT is about to be launched, but for now, on its main page, everyone who wants to work in the department store can familiarize themselves with the list of open vacancies. DLT will become a luxury department store, and thus will be the first store of this level in St. Petersburg. Belonging to expensive department stores, we hope, will not deprive DLT of its attractiveness for the townspeople, many of whom have followed the fate of the building on Konyushennaya with interest for six years.

The issue of parking in the DLT city center, which worries many buyers, will be resolved by means of a six-level underground parking.

Photo: DLT press service

This is a hardware, non-surgical method of treating urolithiasis. Its essence lies in the destruction and crushing of urinary tract stones in the absence of direct direct contact with them. The localization of the calculus can be any: kidney, ureter, bladder, the issue of crushing the calculus remains only for the class of the apparatus and the qualifications of the doctor. A special device generates a shock wave, which, passing through all the tissues of the human body, focuses on a given place (calculus), crushing it to the state of "sand" and small fragments, the size of which allows us to hope for independent passage with urine. The shock wave generator creates repetitive pulses of a certain strength and frequency. waves from the device depart in a cone and are focused at a given point in two projections, at which the maximum amount of energy is created, sufficient for crushing stones. The focal point, at which all waves converge, is set using ultrasound or X-ray navigation.

A surgical examination is required before the procedure. The intervention is carried out with the participation of an anesthesiologist, under intravenous anesthesia. Pump. generating impulses is supplied to the lumbar region (in the case of localization of a calculus in the kidney or the upper third of the ureter) or to the anterior abdominal wall (in the case of localization of a stone in the middle and lower thirds of the ureter or bladder). The duration of the session itself is 40 minutes, excluding the time. necessary for aiming at the calculus, positioning the patient and preparing for the start of work. Certain parameters of strength and number of impulses are applicable to various localizations of calculus. This is due to the likelihood of injury to surrounding tissues, and a certain risk of rupture of the kidney with the formation of a hematoma. Even with the exclusion of all risk factors (impulse strength, accuracy of aiming at the stone, exclusion of conditions aggravating bleeding), 1% of remote lithotripsy is complicated by kidney injury with the formation of a hematoma. In certain cases, repeated crushing sessions may be necessary. The size of the stones that can be crushed ranges from 5 mm to 20 mm.

For faster targeting of the calculus and reducing the fluoroscopy time in the case of performing the procedure under X-ray control, bowel preparation is necessary so that the contents of the intestinal loops and gases do not shield the calculus. Usually, in 2-3 days, products that lead to increased gas production (fruits, legumes, black bread, etc.) are excluded from the diet, a reception is prescribed activated carbon 1 table per 10 kg of body weight and Espumisan. Inogal cleansing enemas are used to cleanse the intestines in a short time.

The process of stone fragmentation. the separation of fragments is always individual, and requires at least a day of stationary observation. Possible relapses of renal colic, the formation of the so-called "stone path" of stone fragments, impaired urodynamics of the upper urinary tract with the development of obstructive pyelonephritis and infectious toxic shock. About 30-35% of procedures require drainage of the upper urinary tract in the early postoperative period (placement of an internal ureteral stent or nephrostomy). If the patient's condition is stable during the day, and after performing the control ultrasound and fluoroscopy, there are no fears for the state of health, most patients leave the hospital, since it takes some time for small fragments to pass and determine the need for a second procedure.

Contraindications to remote lithotripsy: conditions of blood coagulation disorders and a tendency to bleeding, pregnancy at any time, the presence of acute inflammatory disease(ARVI, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, etc.), taking medications that thin the blood (Warfarin, Plavix, Zilt, Cardiomagnyl, ThromboASS, Ksarelto, Pradaxa and their analogues). They should be canceled at least 7 days before the procedure (or, if possible, replaced with more easily administered anticoagulants with a short elimination period).
Compliance with all the rules and taking into account all indications and risks for each individual patient allows you to avoid all negative consequences and most effectively and quickly remove calculus from the urinary tract.

The abbreviation DLT was and remains familiar to many far beyond Leningrad. And not only the abbreviation, but the huge gray glass building on Zhelyabov Street itself was known to all Leningraders and most of the guests of our city. In Soviet times, visitors, going “to the center” for shopping, rushed between three large retail outlets - Passage, Gostiny Dvor and DLT.

In “Gostinka” it was possible to buy everything, but around it was cramped, boorish and stuffy, Passage specialized in goods for women, and DLT - in children's goods. Tired but satisfied citizens fell out on the narrow sidewalk of Zhelyabov Street in the evening, holding in each hand five bags loaded with plastic Buratino, Olympic Bears and railways, carnival costumes and winter boots on top. Among the Leningrad children there is not a single one for whom something has not been bought at DLT.

House of the Guards Economic Society, 1913.

What was the name of the beloved store when it opened more than a hundred years ago? What does the Officers' Meeting and Voentorg have to do with it? What is unusual about its design? Why is it called DLT and not LDT? Let's figure out what's what and why.

When the trading house under consideration was being built more than a hundred years ago, it was least of all intended for children - only “men's goods” for the capital's guard garrison were planned for sale. Despite the significant payments - ration, run, apartment, for the maintenance of orderlies - the guardsmen never had enough money. Only the lower ranks were on state support, and the officers were paid a salary, for which they had to not only eat and dress, but also lead a rather lavish lifestyle. The regulation obliged to rent decent apartments, visit good restaurants - "Kyuba", "Donon", "Kontan", "Medved" (all, by the way, are two steps from beer, station buffets were strictly prohibited).

The officers dropped off every month at the Officers' Meeting, and together made expensive gifts to retiring fellow soldiers. In general, the honor of the uniform meant not only "guards" behavior, but also the corresponding spending. The situation was a situation, but somehow it was necessary to live, and, after lengthy discussions on the question “is commerce compatible with the honor of an officer?”, The officers' meeting decided to start supplying themselves on their own.

In 1891, a cooperative joint-stock company was established, the purpose of which was "to deliver to its consumers the items they need, mainly uniforms, equipment, shoes and underwear of quite good quality at the cheapest possible prices." All officers of the guards units had the right to join the society, but non-guards could become “annual subscribers” by paying membership fee... Emperor Alexander III, general of cavalry and general of infantry, donated 25 thousand rubles, which became the inviolable capital of the company.

The first military center, something like a military distributor, was opened at the corner of Kirochnaya and Liteiny, in the newly built building of the Officers' Assembly (1898). Having named the share number, buyers could purchase both industrial and foodstuffs at sparing “domestic” prices. Soon the useful address became known to the townspeople, and every morning cunning civilians flocked to Liteiny for “meat, livestock and game”. The merchants were outraged: they say, poor-quality competition! But the officials reasoned that the Guards Economic Society pays taxes on an equal basis with other commercial and industrial establishments and freely sets prices at its discretion.

Badge of the Economic Society of Officers of the Guards Corps

The wing of the building on Kirochnaya quickly ceased to accommodate all comers, profits grew like a snowball, and in 1907 the military decided to move the business on a new track - to build a huge fashionable department store in the city center, no worse than the Parisian “Big Shops”.

It was decided to build on the site where the unfortunate cabinet minister Artemy Volynsky, who was executed by Anna Ioannovna, lived in the 18th century. The chancellor was not so much a special patriot, but politically active and proactive, for which he suffered. In 1907, the section from Konyushennaya to Moika was bought by the Guards Economic Society. On the site of house No. 21 there was a cab-yard - a stone two-story building called the “Volynsky” or “Volynkin” yard. In the house number 23, built in 1836, there were the so-called Volkovsky rooms - a small cheap hotel. MI Glinka and ME Saltykov-Shchedrin stayed here.

Corner of Bolshaya Konyushennaya and Volynsky Lane: Volynkin Yard and N.A.Meltser's apartment building before the start of construction, photo of 1907. OAK Yearbook, Issue 3, 1908, P.67

Volynkin yard, 1905.

Initially, the complex of the Guards Economic Society was conceived as a multifunctional structure, including a trading establishment at the corner of Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street and Volynsky Lane (the future DLT itself, in fact), a tenement house on the Moika River embankment and a residential building for employees between them. And the competition, which I will talk about a little later, meant just the same building up of the entire site. But later, the volume of the first stage of construction was limited to a corner commercial building... Actually, of all that was conceived, only this building was built.

Left facade along Zhelyabov street (Bolshaya Konyushennaya), modern look.

House of the Guards Economic Society. Facade along Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street, 1907.

On Bolshaya Konyushennaya in 1907, they began to build a trading house according to Virrich's project. Ernest Wirrich is known in our city, by and large, for two buildings - this building and the complex of the Polytechnic Institute. As a builder, however, he was experienced and even advanced.

Concrete work on the construction of the GEO House, 1907.

I came up with the idea of ​​making the entire structure of reinforced concrete, which was just beginning to be widely used: a concrete slab 80 cm thick lies under the building at a depth of 3.4 m, and then the entire frame is entirely cast from reinforced concrete. For the 1900s, it was quite a progressive solution, but then a problem arose for architects: how to dress this skeleton. In this case, we did not particularly suffer, our style is classicism. For it is fashionable. And modern is also fashionable. We mix the best of this and that, we get eclectic, beautiful, practical.

The right facade along Volynsky lane.

So the building was endowed with a number of classic details: pilasters, various ornaments, cast-iron wreaths, a pediment above the cornice, stylized herms of a rotunda supporting the classic spire. By the way, there was originally a star on the spire. An eight-pointed star.

Eight-pointed star, photo from 1910.

Well, in Soviet times, of course, it was changed to a five-pointed one, corresponding to the era. And already during the extreme reconstruction, the historical star was returned.

The five-pointed star that crowned the spire before the 2005 reconstruction.

It is believed that the facade, as a result, turned out to be flat and smooth, and the storey divisions were gigantic, especially since the second and third floors were united by huge arches. The result came out somewhat bare, but the street is narrow, the building is tall, so it does not strike the eye. In my opinion, everything here is in moderation, and it looks very harmonious. Functionally, too, it is quite convincing: the atriums are airy, spacious and light inside.

There is no small hall on Bolshaya Konyushennaya yet. The first stage of construction is completed, photograph of 1910.

Initially, the useful area of ​​the building was supposed to be much larger, so in 1912 the neighboring house on Konyushennaya was demolished and a second, small hall was added, uniting them with a common facade. The building looks like a single whole, you don't notice the constituent parts at all. And the modesty of the overall facade looks quite dignified. In Europe, however, at this time they experimented strongly in the spirit of modernity, and these trends, although here in the elements and slip, such a direct "modern-modern" did not happen.

The second stage is under construction - the “small hall”. Photo of 1912.

But back to the project competition. 25 projects were submitted to the architectural competition (according to other sources - 26, but the difference in one project is not so significant), but none was accepted in its original form. The jury, headed by the influential German architect Otto Wagner, advised to develop a certain collective project, which was carried out by Ernest Wirrich, who himself took only fourth place in the competition.

House of the Guards Economic Society. First floor plan, 1908.

Many sources, including the official DLT website, mention that architects Leonty Benois and Pavel Suzor took part in the design. However, a recognized expert in the field of architecture of the beginning of the century, Boris Mikhailovich Kirikov, in his work “Architecture of the Leningrad Avant-garde” does not confirm this in any way. Moreover, in the biographies of both architects, this object also does not and could not be. Thus, Ernest Virrich was appointed as the main builder, Stepan Krichinsky as his deputy, N.V. Vasiliev, I.V. Padlevsky and B. Ya. Botkin were also included in the creative team. N. A. Belelyubsky, N. A. Zhitkevich, V. P. Statsenko, V. A. Shevalev acted as consultants on technical issues.

At all times, the military seldom diverged from its word and deed, and a gigantic store for those times was built in just eight months. Elegant European style, equipped with last word Appliances department store opened on December 7, 1909. There was no end of buyers. Military discipline also extended to the style of trade: here the goods were sold “in full weight and measure,” according to set prices, without a bazaar and cheating - in a word, everything was according to the rules.

Central trading floor, 1910s.

In a typical military manner, each action was determined strictly according to instructions. In 1911, they were compiled into an extensive "Collection of Rules of the Guards Economic Society" - a kind of charter published for official use.

More than six hundred articles of the "Collection of Rules of the Guards Society" regulated every gesture of employees: "Escorts on the elevators are prohibited from raising the servants separately from the masters", "Writing checks only with a chemical, not an ordinary pencil", "Do not count the proceeds in the presence of the buyer", "Anything a statement about the clerk's impoliteness or inattention to the buyer entails a mandatory deduction of the percentage remuneration ”.

It is clear that the civilians could not be driven away with a stick, and soon there were more bowlers and top hats, as well as ladies 'hats, than there were officers' caps in the store. On the Konyushennaya daily, there were "lines of luxurious cars, smart carriages, taxis and just cabbies waiting for their owners and riders." For the sake of curiosity, we went to the "guards" to gaze at the gilded electric elevators, at impeccably dressed and polite employees, to drink coffee, sitting in velvet armchairs and looking through the huge windows of Konyushennaya Street.

The interior of the store in the 1910s.

Stable profit from the store allowed the Guards Society in 1912-1913 to “expand” - to enlarge the building itself and open branches: 9 branches were opened in Gatchina, Peterhof, Krasnoye and Tsarskoye Selo.

Compared to the cramped shops of the Gostiny Dvor or the crush of the Passage, the mansions of the Guards Society made a strong impression. And everything was fine until 1917 happened. Prosperity ended a little later, in 1918: a distribution point was located in a nationalized ransacked general store. Everything that remained at that moment in the warehouses, and in the huge "Guards" workshops from the very opening, uniforms, shoes and even saddles were sewn, was transferred to the Red Army.

A few months later, the Soviet government doubted the correctness of the dispersal of consumer societies, but awkward attempts to organize a new military cooperative instead of the ruined success did not meet. Only in 1927, the now former Guards store again became a trading establishment, but had no relation to military co-operators. The store came under the jurisdiction of the Leningrad Union of Consumer Societies, and after ten years of anarchy, “on the eve of the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution,” on November 3, 1927, it opened to customers as the DLK LSPO. And yes, the basements were finally pumped out after the 1924 flood.

On November 3, 1927, the department store was opened as the "House of Leningrad Cooperation LSPO" (LSPO - Leningrad Council of Consumer Societies).

A page of history: the country has a colossal deficit of everything, because of huge queues, goods are distributed according to coupons and orders. Right preferential purchase given to the drummers of labor, and the “non-shock workers” have been waiting for their turn to come to the counter for years. In two years, a rationing system will be introduced, dividing the townspeople into four categories.

The “specialists” (as the party workers were called) will, of course, get the fattest chunks; workers in factories, factories and offices - a modest ration with herring and cereals; “Dependents” (non-working people - sick people, old people and children) - at least, so as not to die; and the “disenfranchised” (clergy, former nobles) will really be deprived of everything. According to the newly created system, they were not entitled to anything: neither butter, nor bread, they could only buy something in the shops of "Torgsin" ("Trade with foreigners"). In "Torgsin", the predecessor of "Birch", they traded for gold. It was an effective, from the point of view of the authorities, a way to extract from the “former” jewels that still survived after all the purges and nationalizations. A huge department of "Torgsin" was also located in the House of Leningrad Cooperation (DLK), as the store was now called. End of history page.

Photos of that time are both laughter and sin. Here is the shoe department: in the assortment of felt boots and galoshes, customers unwind footcloths. Women, all as one in headscarves and dark coats, hang over the counter. There is almost no money on hand - the goods are sold for cooperative vouchers or according to intake books - “only to members of the cooperative” (remember our Ostap Bender).

In the shoe department of the House of Leningrad Cooperation. 1928 / TsGAKFFD /

“Consumer cooperation” was a fashionable word in the 1920s. The Palace of Culture named after Lensovet on Petrogradka (it will come to him, I hope) was built just for workers consumer cooperatives, therefore, in the conversations of the older generation, you can still hear the word "promka". So this very "consumer cooperation" tried to somehow saturate the absolutely empty market. On a commission basis, LDK accepted handicrafts products - baskets, paintings, cardboard boxes. Numerous artels, which occupied the guards' workshops, sewed outerwear and children's dresses.

The slogan of that time was "By building cooperation, we are building socialism." Neither one nor the other was built: in 1935, the cooperatives in the cities were liquidated, and all property was transferred to the system of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade - the DLK became state enterprise... At the same time, organizations that produced bread, toys, soft drinks were located here.

There are urban legends about how he became DLT: they say, in the project it was called LDT, the Leningrad House of Trade. But almost a day before the opening, it was renamed the House of Leningrad Trade, because in the abbreviation "LDT" someone thought of the initials of Lev Davidovich Trotsky. I think everyone knows about Stalin, Trotsky, the ice ax and so on. Although DLT is quite normal for itself from DLK: we change the forbidden "cooperation" for the usual "trade". So the bikes are all about DLT - LDT.

Life went on. DLT did not stop working even during the war years, distributing the remaining goods from the closed Passage and the Frunzensky department store built before the war on the corner of the Obvodny Canal and Stalin Avenue. DLT workers lived here, in the building. Air defense fighters were on duty at the corner tower.

Fitting school uniform... 1951 year .

In Soviet times, everything was like everywhere else: socialist competition, fulfillment and overfulfillment of the plan, rolling red banners, shortages, queues, trade on cards, products of Skorokhod and Bolshevichka, fairs, smiling children, school and New Year markets, Christmas trees in huge halls, records of the "KINO" group, designers, railways, "Mom, buy this, please!", twenty-two branches - "Children's World" - around the city. In the 80s, and I remember him - so big, beautiful and somehow fabulous.

Although the years of Soviet rule did not bring this store the glory that was once planned, they made it a local legend. DLT in the life of Leningrad is not place of abundance, it is a process, a journey. And this journey was made at least once by all Leningrad children. Redesigning a department store into a store with the largest children's goods department made him destiny. In an amazing way, all the memories of Leningraders about DLT agree on one thing - mothers brought their children here to shop, children went for their dreams.

Journal " Soviet Union”, No. 4, 1953, page 40.

Children of the 50s recall the hours spent in front of showcases with German dolls, children of the 60s and 70s - a huge department of GDR toys railways, girls of the early 90s - an unthinkable abundance of Barbies in those days when one doll was worth a parent's salary. And all together they remember some absolutely especially luxurious New Year decoration of DLT, where a Christmas tree market was arranged in the center of the Great Hall.

Of course, people came here not only with children. Especially advanced ladies of the 70s will remember, in particular, that DLT had a particularly valuable section of lingerie - there, for example, they often "threw away" lace bras, which, unlike armor sewn from quilted satin, did not stand with a stake, but resembled female breasts. Neither the employees of the nearby research institutes and academic institutes, nor the schoolgirls could resist such a temptation - with a shout, "Girls, they give nets!" broad masses of women were leaving their homes.

And everything was fine until 1991 happened.

New Year's bazaar. Photo by I. Kurtov. LenTASS. 1982 g.

In 1991, a joint-stock company was created, but the department store was not privatized. The trade continued. The interiors remain authentic, albeit shabby. At some point, there were more than enough department stores in Leningrad-Petersburg: each city district had its own. And in the center of Leningraders and guests of our city, “Gostiny Dvor”, “Passage” and DLT were still divided among themselves. However, only DLT had a special aura.

The Village Magazine, 2012.

“From the old DLT - the House of Leningrad Trade - there are luxurious staircases, forged lamps and railings and a domed glass ceiling. But not a spirit: now it is a deserted expensive store, bathed in mercilessly bright light. "

The house of Leningrad trade on Bolshaya Konyushennaya, which stood in the woods for several years, has opened to visitors today. So far, half of the shops and corners are not working here, and the department store is officially presented to the city at the end of October. But now you can buy things of expensive brands here, and in the next few days there will be several shows. Now it is a branch of the Moscow Central Department Store, which largely copies the brands presented in the Central Department Store of the capital.

Mercury (the owner of TSUM) worked on the project of the Leningrad House of Trade for 6 years: the building on Bolshaya Konyushennaya, 21-23 was reconstructed, preserving the historical appearance of the facades and internal decor elements, and the area of ​​retail premises was significantly expanded, freeing up the former warehouse.

Of the six floors in the building, only four are currently in operation. The last two - with children's clothes and a restaurant area - will only open in 2013. What cafes and restaurants will appear on the territory of the department store is still unknown. But the format of the establishments is very different.

Already on the first floor you can buy perfumes, cosmetics and accessories, on the second - for men, and on the third - women's clothing and shoes. DLT will have corners Emilio Pucci, Roberto Cavalli, Ralph Lauren, Tom Ford. Some brands in St. Petersburg will be presented only here: for example, Dolce & Gabbana, which from this season are no longer brought to Babochka boutiques. Fourth the floor was occupied by a department with more democratic brands and second lines of well-known designer brands. By winter, DLT atriums on the ground floor will have shops with jewelry and for hours.

Soon in the House of Leningrad Trade will appear an atelier for tailoring and fitting clothes, an opportunity to use the services of a stylist for free and a wish-list system: you can make a list of DLT products and send them to friends and family so that they do not suffer with the choice of gifts. Loyalty cards are provided for regular visitors - part of the cost of things will be returned from each purchase on them.

The Leningrad Trade House plans to open bars or small cafes on each floor, a beauty salon and a parking lot. Now visitors can park their car in the parking lot of Raiffeisenbank or on Konushennaya Square.

Reference: The Leningrad Trade House is the oldest department store in St. Petersburg, opened in 1909 and immediately turned into the city's main department store. Since its opening, the 6-story Art Nouveau building has belonged to the Glavunivermag chain, was the city's main children's store and functioned as a huge shopping complex for family goods. After a long restoration, the oldest department store in St. Petersburg has reopened.