That the Internet and it appeared. The history of the Internet: what year it appeared and why it was created. The spread of the Russian Internet

Greetings, dear blog readers site... Everyone is talking about the Internet, about its capabilities. But I am sure that a hundred most users do not know who created the Internet and how the Internet developed, which is what today's article will be devoted to.

Word the Internet so deeply entered our life that, for example, children sincerely think that it has always been this way. It was always possible to enter the site, get information, communicate on social networks, play online. What is becoming so familiar, we gradually cease to notice. And, if you seriously think about such a concept as history of the internet , then the first surprise of many will await immediately. It turns out that the first website is only twenty years old.

Today we can state that the network has truly become worldwide and global. From teenagers in New York to Aleutian shamans, everyone uses the World Wide Web.

Where did the Internet and WWW come from?

The fact, in itself, is remarkable, we state it with pleasure - the Internet has no owner. It, in its essence, unites separate local networks, which in functional state are thanks to network providers.

There is even an opinion among a number of experts that the constant growth of such a thing as media traffic (photos, videos and other "heavy" content) may soon lead to a complete collapse of the World Wide Web. Internet bandwidth is still limited.

Many states, by the way, because of such a "no-man'sness" of the World Wide Web are faced with a serious problem. They cannot censor the global network. Totalitarian regimes in the world are bursting at the seams. Recently, the officials were very happy. They came up with the idea of equating the Internet with funds mass media... Victory? Not at all! Well, not a bit! What is the Internet? It is, in essence, only a means of communication. In this sense, it can be compared to a telephone or, if you prefer, to writing paper. Now, gentlemen, officials, apply your censorship to the telephone or to paper. Will it work? Useless!

The state can only apply sanctions to individual sites. And not a single leader of the most powerful state in the world can limit the World Wide Web as a whole. It turns out a global network - global freedom!

Did you know that the first attempts to create an information web were made back in 1957. It is clear that the military gentlemen needed such a network, and it is also clear that in the United States. Development went very slowly (12 years). This is due to the fact that computers were, to put it mildly, very far from perfect. However, as early as 1971, the Pentagon was able to launch and share it with scientists from America's leading universities. So we fix the date the first use case of the global network for the need to transfer Email. Imagine: 1971, email ...

It took about 10 years for the World Wide Web to cross the world's oceans. Since the beginning of the 80s, protocols have appeared that allow the transfer of data - postal and protocol FTP(file). News conference minutes appear Usenet... Now you can organize something like a forum.

Scientists have spent some time trying to create a DNS (domain name) system. Finally, a protocol was created that allows communication over the Internet in real time. This is the so-called "irka" - IRC. Now it was possible to chat on the network.

Farther Internet history cannot do without mentioning the name of one Englishman. This is Tim Berners-Lee. This he invented World wide web... This is now everyone knows this abbreviation WWW. And then scientists engaged in nuclear research needed somewhere convenient to store and place scientific information.

Berners-Lee invented the foundational elements of the WWW for humanity. Now all the information in our computers is one continuous hypertext. Here it is, the basic principle of organizing information, which took as a basis Tim Berners-Lee - hypertext. It can include an infinite number of hyperlinks. The developments of the brilliant Englishman were transferred to the global network. The success of the new invention of scientists was overwhelming. In the first five years of its existence, more than 50 million users have registered on the network.

To implement the principle of hypertext, it was necessary to create the HTTP protocol (data transfer) and develop a completely new language for hypertext markup HTML. Now it was possible to store, transfer, etc. The question arose about how to refer to these documents? This is how the Uniform Resource Identifier and the Uniform Resource Locator (URI and URL) came into being.

Now it was up to such a program that on our computers could display what we request on the network. It's time for the browser to appear. Even today we do not have many of them, but the main players are quite satisfying to us. good old Internet Explorer battle-proven Mozilla Firefox , brave newbie Google chrome beloved but fading Opera- these are our daily and faithful assistants on the World Wide Web.

Let's pay tribute to the genius of Timothy John Berners-Lee. In fact, he single-handedly created the basic tools of the modern World Wide Web. A little later, a browser will appear, with the help of which it became possible to transmit graphic information - Mosaic. If you compare the Internet to cooking in the kitchen, the graphical browser in the list of ingredients is salt. Just as any dish would be tasteless without salt, the Global Network with pictures, photos and videos has become a favorite dish of mankind.

It is interesting that Berners-Lee did not earn any very much on his brainchild. big money... Money will pour into this industry a little later. Those who will create Yandex, Google will "turn over" billions of dollars.

And here's a nice presentation on this topic:

P.S.

Best regards, Alexander Sergienko

Modern technologies amaze us and every day more and more. Some people wonder how this or that device was invented, where different signals come from and how the Internet began.

By world wide web most of the questions are asked and this is not surprising, because this technology literally blew up the world.

Where does the internet come from? A serious question with a simple answer. The Internet is not some kind of object, it is, like a cellular connection, spread all over the world.

For its operation, several data centers have been installed in different parts of the world, and from them fiber-optic networks stretch to providers and all kinds of distributors.

The history of the creation of the Internet

Without going into details and complex terms(in which you hardly understand anything), then the first predecessor of the Internet appeared back in 1961.

Then the US Department of Defense began developing technologies for transferring data between computers. Scientists tried to transfer information between two machines and, after a few years, they managed to establish a system.

Then the project was called ARPANET and only in 1972 they came up with the TCP / IP protocols, which are used to this day.

In 1973, they began to conduct international networks (in England and Norway), this was a new level. Until 1984, various improvements were carried out and network management was transferred from the hands of some companies to the hands of others.

At that time, about 1000 hosts were already connected to the network. In 1989, over 100,000 hosts were connected to the network, and Russia was added to the list of connected countries the following year.

Then the ARPANET ceased to exist, but the Internet was already quite widespread and connected a huge number of networks around the world. In 1994, trading operations began on the Internet, as well as the first hacker attacks .

A year later, the network consisted of 6 million servers (equipped data storage points where data is stored). Now their number is several times greater, and everyone can turn their own computer into a server.

Simply put, to make a home mini data center from which people can download something or where they can install sites.

Where does the Internet from the provider come from?

To connect to the Internet, you need to find a company that provides such services. There are several of them in each city, so customers can choose services that are suitable in terms of speed and price.

The provider does not just resell the Internet, he receives it over fiber-optic networks, and also uses sophisticated devices that distribute the speed between clients.

If you are connected to the cable Internet, you may have access to the internal network (when you can download something from computers of other users connected to your ISP).

Each provider has its own network of clients, so fast data transfer is provided between them.

To provide access to the World Wide Web, providers buy expensive equipment and then pull wires to clients' apartments. They use their own servers connected to the internet.

Similarly, everything works for those providers that offer wireless Internet. They also have servers installed, but instead of pulling a cable, they install powerful antennas.

Data travels over the fiber optic network at tremendous speed. When you click "Send email", it turns into special data at the expense of the network card.

Then these data "fly away" to the recipient through the wires (or through the antenna), again processed by the network card, and he can read your letter. This is not easy to understand, so especially for beginners, we try to explain everything on our fingers.

Where does information come from on the Internet?

When you need to find out something, modern people open a search engine and enter a query. Where did so much information come from? It was created by other people. See, I created my site and wrote this article. I posted it on my website and now you are reading it. Other resources are filled in the same way.

Where is all this stored? To create a website, I use the services of a hosting provider. As well as the Internet provider, this company has purchased powerful equipment on which information can be placed so that it is open to Internet users.

To put it in a very simple way - this is a powerful computer that stores texts, the background of the site, its design, menus, settings and much more. Every time you visit my site, your computer connects to the server.

Where does money come from on the Internet?

Another interesting question, the answer to it is simple, you just haven't thought about it. Initially, money began to appear on the network through advertising.

Now a lot of money is spinning in the network, and their reserve is being replenished at a serious pace. People pay for goods, pay off loans, transfer funds to each other, pay for the phone, and so on. All this replenishes the reserves of the virtual currency.

Want to take a bite of this money pie? No problem, find out and start now.

Summing up this article, I would like to dot the i. And briefly answer the main questions:

Where does the internet come from? From servers - special equipment that stores huge amounts of information and works without stopping.
How do providers work? They purchase equipment and connect it to the global network via fiber optic networks, distributing resources among customers.
Where does information and money come from on the Internet? People themselves add them to the world wide web. Someone records videos, someone writes, someone draws, all this is uploaded to servers to which a common network is connected.

Now you have learned a little more about how the Internet works, how it all began and where it comes from. Good food for the brain, but if you want to get smarter and read another useful information, use.

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Hello dear readers of the blog site. Oddly enough, there is no single answer to this question. I can say that the Internet appeared in 1969 year(consider his birthday 29th of October), but I can say that it has been leading its active history only since 1991 or even 93. So when did he appear?

It just depends on what you are asking about. The fact is that in the history of the development of the Internet, one can clearly see two eras, the watershed between which can be called the appearance of the first browser (well, and the work of Tom Bernes-Lee, of course, without which this very browser would be of no use to anyone).

You are most likely interested in the second era (pop), when the audience of this network began to grow at a monstrous pace, and not in the era when only people in uniform and dressing gowns knew about the Internet (then there was no such term), and its audience even in the years of maximum distribution, it did not exceed tens of thousands of people (compare with today, when the network is used by more than three billion).

In this case, the birthday of the Internet can be considered May 17, 1991 when the so-called, i.e. what we call today for short - the Internet, and where we can safely go using a browser. In general, this holiday is officially celebrated April, 4... Why? Read a couple of paragraphs below and find out (there must be at least some intrigue).

History of the Internet and Who Created It?

So, it all started in the distant sixties of the last century. At that time, the United States (the country of the forerunner of the Internet) was at the peak of its capabilities and a huge number of talented scientists worked and served there. It was they who, for military purposes, created the future prototype of today's Internet. It was called ARPANET and served as a link between various military facilities in the event of a nuclear war. Oh how!

As I mentioned just above, the date of birth of this network is considered. But there was nothing to do with what we now understand by the definition of the word Internet. However, there was a network and it developed. Over time, she began to serve not only the military, but also scientists, linking the leading universities of the country with each other. In 71 it was developed (I wrote about a little earlier), and after a couple of years the network was able to step across the ocean.

But still it was the lot of only a select few scientists and a group of enthusiasts who used it for correspondence. About ten years later (in 1983), a rather significant event took place - all the now known TCP / IP protocol was standardized. And in 1988 there appeared such a tsimus thing as chat (real-time correspondence), which was implemented on the basis of the IRC protocol (in the Russian Internet, the chat client was called "irka", as I remember now, after all, I have already been for many years).

So, America turns out that it gave an impulse for the emergence of the Internet (in our modern sense), but the very idea of creating the World Wide Web (WWW) was born already in Europe within the walls of the still well-known organization CERN (collider and other crap).

A Briton worked there Tim Berners-Lee, who may well be called the founding father of the Internet. Of course, he was not alone, but it was his two years of work creating the HTML markup language, the HTTP protocol and everything else that was the turning point. This is what made the hypertext-based global network possible.

It was at the end of the eighties of the last century. And already in 1991, the worldwide network became available to everyone (the very second birthday of the Internet -). But this was not enough for this very availability to grow into popularity. Why? Because there hasn't been a handy surfing tool yet.

And finally, in 1993 the first really popular appeared browser because he was graphic, i.e. could display not only text, lists and tables, but also pictures! His name was Mosaic. In fact, he became the ancestor of all modern observers (read about) and his popularity at that time was very high.

It was he who attracted millions of new users to the Internet and it is this date that I would consider the point of the report, when appeared in the world real internet (accessible and understandable for everyone). On this fertile soil, millions of sites and people began to appear like mushrooms on the Internet. In general, life began.

Internet day

International Internet Day (despite all the above dates of its multiple births) it is customary to celebrate April, 4... Why? Well, probably, because if you write the month (April) in numbers, you get 4.04 or the famous 404. These numbers, to some extent, have become business card the Internet, although they mean one of the many possible mistakes which the server issues when an abnormal situation occurs.

It's just that this one catches the eye of users very often (this means that the page at this link was not found - it was deleted, moved, or the link was written with an error).

Often, 404 error pages are very entertaining (one jaga-jag is worth a lot) and these numbers are firmly stuck in the minds of users, even if they do not always understand what is at stake.

It turns out very symbolically, in my opinion.

When did the Internet appear in Russia (runet)?

Runet is the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet, i.e. there is an area where sites in Russian are located and any other services where this language is used for communication. Oddly enough, but in terms of popularity, the Russian language is in second place on the Internet (after English) and eats away quite a lot of 7 percent.

Moreover, the Runet itself appeared somewhat earlier than this term became commonly used. The Russian-language network began to form at about the same time as the bourgeois (the rest of the Internet, with the exception of the Runet), namely somewhere since 1991-93... The term "runet" first came into use in 1997. They interpret its meaning in different ways (someone says that these are domains belonging to the ru zone, someone that this is a Russian runet), but they agree that this is a place on the network where the Russian language is used (mainly Russia and neighboring countries). abroad).

Well, and we, dear readers, are residents of this very Russian-speaking part of the Internet (new reality). With what I congratulate you!

Good luck to you! Before see you soon on blog pages site

How and when did the Internet appear

It happened over 50 years ago. Back in 1961, on the instructions of the US Department of Defense, DARPA (Advanced Research Agensy) began work on an experimental project to create a network between computers to transfer data packets. In the first version of the theoretical development about the predecessor of the modern world wide web, which was published in 1964 thanks to Paul Baran, it was argued that all nodes on the network should have the same status. Each node has the authority to spawn, transmit, and receive messages from other computers. This breaks up messages into standardized elements called "packages". Each package is assigned an address to ensure correct and complete delivery of documents.

Paul Baran - who made the web in 1964 - the progenitor of the modern internet

This network was called ARPANET, and it was intended for study different options ensuring the reliability of communication between different computers. She became the direct predecessor of the Internet.

For eight years DARPA worked on the project and in 1969 the Department of Defense approved ARPANET as the leading research organization in the field of computer networks. From that time on, the nodes of the new network began to be created. The first such node was the UCLA Network Test Center, followed by the Stanford research institute, the host of the University of Santa Barbara and the University of Utah, developed the UNIX operating system.

As early as the next year, ARPANET hosts were using NCP to exchange. A year later, there were already 15 nodes in the network. 1972 is the year that the addressing development teams were created to harmonize different protocols. At the same time, TCP / IP data transmission protocols were developed.

In 1973, the first international connections were made. The countries that entered the ARPANET are England and Norway. The ARPANET project was so successful that soon many organizations from the USA, England and Norway wanted to join it. Within 2 years, ARPANET outgrew the name of the "experimental" network, and became a full-fledged working network. Since that time, the responsibility for administering ARPANET has been taken over by the Defense Communication Agency, which today is called the Defense Information Systems Agency.

DISA - Defense Information Systems Agency

But the development of ARPANET didn't stop there; TCP / IP data transmission protocols have evolved and improved. After some time, this protocol was adapted for public standards, after which the term Internet became generally accepted and entered into everyday communication.

The history of the Internet is just beginning. In 1976, the UUCP protocol was developed, and three years later they launched USENET, based on UUCP.

The US Department of Defense declared TCP / IP as its standard in 1983. Also in the same year, there was an announcement that ARPANET had completed its research phase. At the same time, the MILNET company spun off from ARPANET.

1984 was the year of the introduction of the DNS system, and the total number of hosts exceeded 1000. The next year, NFS was created, the goal of which was to build a network that would connect all national computer centers. The formation of CSNET accelerated significantly in 1986, when the creation of supercomputer centers began. The result of the hard work was the NSFNET, which had a data packet transfer rate of 56 Kbps. The network is based on 5 supercomputer centers located in NCSA, Princeton, UCSD, Pittsburgh and Cornell University.

By 1987, the number of hosts exceeded 10 thousand. And in 1988, NSFNET began using the T1 channel. At the same time, countries such as Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, France, Sweden and Finland joined NSFNET. The following year, the number of hosts became more than 100 thousand. At the same time, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, Austria, Italy, Israel joined the network. New Zealand, Netherlands, Mexico. In 1990, Russia joined the worldwide network.

Despite the fact that in 1991 the ARPANET company ceased to exist, the worldwide Internet did not die with its creator, but on the contrary - became even larger, united many networks into one huge bundle of connections. Since that time, the NSFNET network began to use T3 channels, which provided data transfer rates of 44.736 Mbps. On the initiative of NSF in 1993, InetNIC was created, in which domain names were registered. Since 1994, trading activities have started via the Internet.

In the same year, the Internet celebrated its 25th anniversary. This year, Vladimir Levin (a Russian hacker) attacked the American Citibank. This showed the whole world that the security of the network is not 100%, and new developments of various data security systems in the network began.

In addition, in 1994, two more important events took place that cannot be ignored. The first is the development of access protection tools, the second is the licensing of the Mosaic browser, a company of Mosaic Communication Corporation founded by James Clarke. This year, the traffic on the world wide web has exceeded 10 gigabytes / month.

The following year, NSFNET made domain name registrations payable. From September 14, 1995, the registration fee was $ 50. And in April of the same year, NSFNET ceased to exist. As a result of explosive growth in 1995, the network reached the level of six million connected servers. At the same time, the search engine AltaVista was launched and the RealAudio technology appeared. The first variants of IP telephony also began to appear.

In 1996, an unspoken competition began between the Netscape and Internet Explorer browsers. And in the world this year there were already 12.8 million hosts and 500 thousand sites.

1997 was a serious test for the entire web system. An Internet bug in DNS Network Solutions has blocked access to millions of businesses.

A few years later, namely in 1999, a new global network called Internet 2, or Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, went into operation. With the arrival of the new company, the 32-bit representation system was changed to 128-bit.

In the same year, the first attempt was made to censor the Internet. The government authorities of some countries - China, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, countries of the former USSR have made serious efforts to technically block users' access to some sites and servers with political, religious or pornographic content.

In 2001, the number of users of the World Wide Web surpassed 530 million. The following year, this number grew to 689 million.

Today, almost all possible communication lines are used on the Internet, ranging from low-speed telephone lines to high-speed digital satellite channels. The operating systems used on the Internet also differ in variety.

Internet in Russia

The Internet penetrated into Russia in the early 90s. In those years, a number of universities began building their own computer networks. On the basis of the Institute Atomic Energy them. Kurchatov, two commercial companies were formed that provided services for connecting to the Internet.

In 1993, a strong impetus for the development of the Internet in Russia was given by the "Telecommunication Program" from the International Science Foundation.

The next year, within the framework of the state program "Universities of Russia", a direction was allocated for the creation of a federal university computer network. The network came into operation in 1995. In 1996-98, a backbone network for science and higher education was built.

At the same time, commercial supplier networks emerged and developed. Initially, they focused on connecting organizations.

In 1998, Rostelecom, together with Relcom, formed the Relcom - DS company. Today it is the largest provider of Internet services in Russia.

Today the Internet already has a huge database of information in Russian. According to sociologists, at the end of 1998, about 1.5 million people in Russia were Internet users, with more than half of these users living outside of Moscow. In 1999, the number of users exceeded 5 million.

Online programs

For a full-fledged work with the Internet, there are a number of programs that are popular today. And successful use of the World Wide Web is possible only if the right choice quality software... It is worth noting that it is impossible to give universal advice on this matter, since everything depends on the configuration of your computer, the specifics of your interests and operating system with which you work. Also, one more reason, because of which it is impossible to assert with certainty about the full quality of this or that program, is the constant development of the Internet. New standards or new methods for their implementation appear almost every day.

But, in any case, all Internet software is divided (conditionally) into several groups:

Browsers - Microsoft Internet Explorer, Opera, Google Chrome and others;
Mail programs are special programs that work to send, receive, view and sort e-mail;
Communication programs - these programs provide the ability to negotiate in real time on the Web. It can be text mode, audio or video exchange: ICQ, Odigo, Skype, IPhone, EasyTalk, etc .;
Programs for working with files.

Naturally, this list of Internet software is not limited, it is constantly updated and expanded.

What you need to work on the network

In order to work in the worldwide network, you need to connect to it. Today there are several ways to connect to the Internet. it different types connections with different speed communication and price.

Modem... With the help of a modem, the connection to the Internet is carried out over a standard telephone line. This connection is rather unreliable, although relatively cheap. Modem communication requires a telephone line and an internal or external modem.

ISDN... This is a communication line that is very similar to a regular telephone line, with only one difference - it is completely digital and can provide much great speed, as opposed to a modem. To work, you need either an ISDN modem or an ISDN adapter and NT-1 connector.

Frame relay- frame relay. it permanent line connection, reliable connection to the Internet. To establish such a connection, an appropriate PC board and frame relay line are required.

Dedicated line... This technology is similar to frame relay, but in this case, the link is established between two points. For a permanent connection to the Internet, a dedicated line is the best choice.

World Wide Web Tasks

The Internet, as a worldwide network, has several main tasks that satisfy its consumers. The Internet implements its main functions:

Email. This is the simplest and most useful function... Many users of the world wide web use only e-mail. You can exchange messages, transfer files,.
File transfer. Another irreplaceable and indeed one of the best features of the Internet is the ability to transfer files from one computer to another.
Remote access.

How important is the Internet for modern users

It is difficult to imagine a PC user who would not use the Internet. But what is the purpose of this? The main idea of the Internet is the free flow of information. Thanks to the Internet, racial, religious, and ideological barriers between people or countries are overcome.

The Internet can easily be called one of the most impressive democratic advances in process technology.

Today, the Internet is actively serving as:

Decision making tool. The Internet unites all information in the organization. Now there is no longer any need to collect disparate data, to filter them out.
Training organization tool. Thanks to the Internet, information is exchanged almost instantly, so you can now analyze information and make decisions much faster.
The Internet is also a perfect communication tool. It provides the integration of all divisions of the corporation.
Collaboration tool.
Expert's tool.
A single tool for inventions.
21st century telephone.
A tool for monitoring and improving the production cycle.
Partner tool. There is no longer a company that does not have its own page on the World Wide Web. Thanks to the Internet, you can exchange information with your own, as well as control the maintenance of services, communicate with customers.
Marketing tool.
Human resource tool.

A glimpse into the future of the internet

During these half centuries from the beginning of its creation to the present day, the Internet appeared, grew and changed a lot. And also it continues to change at this time. The Internet was conceived in a different era, and was able to survive in the era of personal computers, client servers and computer networks. Moreover, he not only survived, but also became an integral part of any PC. The Internet was developed, even before local networks began to exist, it became their prototype and struck not only local area network but also global.

It is not difficult to give now at least a short-term forecast of the development of the Internet, as well as name technologies that will become popular in the near future. It is much more difficult to find out which fundamentally new technology will replace the Internet, and whether will come. The future of technology is now unpredictable, but it may well happen that this technology will fundamentally change the entire face of the computer world.

This refers to the end of the Internet era in its modern form... It may be replaced by the World Wide Web - a giant supercomputer that offers not data transmission services, but a slightly different operating principle. Instead of the usual personal computer, the user will be offered a remote access adapter that connects to a monitor, mouse, phone or other peripheral devices. This will transform providers from service providers to holders of multiprocessor mainframes.

But, it is worth noting that the technology of a unified computing network of a new generation with terminal access has a number of indisputable advantages:

for an ordinary user, problems associated with the purchase, installation, operation, configuration, etc. disappear. hardware;
the presence of payment only for the actual use of the software, and not prepayment for services and resources may be unclaimed;
professional solution to the problem of information protection, as well as ensuring privacy;
availability of software;
transition to a new level of resource utilization.

Naturally, the deployment of such technology requires solving a huge number of technical problems.

Once upon a time, not every family had a home telephone. To achieve installation home phone people were queuing for years, because to connect the phone, you had to have:

a) free capacity at the nearest telephone exchange,
b) cable lead from this telephone exchange to the apartment.

Agree, it was not so easy to get it all. Now many people have Internet access at home.

Where does the Internet come from? By analogy with telephony, it can be assumed that somewhere near the house there should be "free capacity" for connecting to the Internet, and wiring should be carried out from this place to the apartment.

How it's done? Internet connection services are provided by the companies that are named. Providers have the appropriate equipment in order, on the one hand, to maintain constant communication with the global Internet, and on the other hand, to connect ordinary ordinary Internet users to this global network.

In addition to providers, hosters provide access to the Internet. But providers and hosters are two big differences.

Hosters provide users with their servers for hosting blogs, web pages. Each site, blog, web page has its own owner, who must monitor the relevance of the information presented on the blog, site, page, update it, and also be responsible for this information. The website (blog) owner and the hoster are not the same person. The hoster only gives space on its equipment for the owners of sites, blogs, Internet pages. And the hoster provides constant technical support these sites, blogs, Internet pages so that they are available 24 hours 7 days a week all year round.

A PC user, as a rule, is not able to place his website, blog, web page on a personal PC (personal computer) if he wants to ensure the availability of this resource to everyone via the Internet. To do this, he must contact the hoster to obtain the appropriate service.

So, the provider provides Internet connection services to all users. If this seems not enough to the user, and he still needs his own site or blog, then the user contacts the hoster so that this site (blog) is available on the Internet 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

But this, as they say, is a completely different story, while this article will focus on connecting PC users to the global Internet and the possibilities of obtaining information from the Internet.

Let's first consider some options for connecting users to the provider.

Wired ISP connection

Wired Internet is the connection of users' computers to the provider's equipment using wires.

If the provider provides wired Internet, then the provider must have free capacity for such a connection. The provider must have free spaces for connecting wires, some ends of which are in users' apartments, and the other ends of the same wires are connected to the provider's equipment.

For wired Internet, the provider installs

servers (powerful computers that act as shared computers that can serve many users at the same time) and

switching equipment (special communicators that have a connection to servers on the one hand and a lot of free connectors for connecting wires going to the apartments or offices of users on the other side).

In addition, on the way of laying wires towards the apartments (offices) of users, providers install intermediate switching equipment designed to amplify the signal (if the length of the connecting wires is too long, the signal power in them is noticeably reduced, and it must be constantly amplified), and designed to "multiply" signal, distribute it to several directions at the same time. Thus, you can not only amplify the signal in the wires, but also save on the number of wires.

For example, you can direct one single wire towards the whole house (office), and already in the house (office) install a switch that will “multiply” and distribute the signal to individual apartments (to separate computers).

What does fiber have to do with it?

Nowadays, ordinary wires are practically not used for Internet data transmission. And fiber optic networks are used.

Optical fiber is not a wire, but a glass fiber through which not an electrical signal, but a light signal propagates.

Much more information can be transmitted over a fiber-optic connection, and the loss in it is much less. But at the beginning and at the end of such a fiber-optic "wire" there must be a very complex and, as a rule, expensive equipment that converts a light signal into an electrical one and vice versa. For it must come to the user's computer and to the server of the Internet provider exactly as an electrical, but not an optical signal.

In this case, the fiber optic connection also belongs to wired internet(according to classification), since here it is also necessary to "pull optical wires" from the provider to the apartments (offices) of users.

Wireless connection to ISP

Nowadays, wireless connection of users' computers with the equipment of providers has become widespread. In this case, no cables need to be laid from the provider's servers to the users' apartments. Instead, the provider establishes a network of radio stations between which the radio signal propagates, and from which the radio signal goes to the users' apartments or offices.

It turns out a kind of analogue of mobile telephony instead of traditional wire telephony. Only through radio stations does not a telephone signal go to computers, but signals for working with the Internet go.

At wireless connection to the Internet, a special modem must be installed on the user's computer. These modems, as a rule, are provided by the provider to users for free or for money. That is,

to connect to wireless internet the user just needs to get (purchase) the provider's modem, connect it to his PC, and work (albeit only in the access zone of the provider's radio stations).

In the user's apartment or office, the Internet can "get" to the computer in different ways, too. The simplest is to connect the wire from the provider's equipment directly to the corresponding connector on the PC. However, this may not always be convenient, since with such a direct connection it will hardly be possible to connect one more (second) or several computers.

Router as an Internet multiplier

Usually the wire from the provider or the radio signal from the provider is sent first to a special one.

A router is a device designed to receive a signal from a provider and its further "propagation" (distribution) to users' computers.

The signal can be distributed to computers both via wires (in this case, we are talking about using a wired router), and using a radio signal (in this case, we are talking about a wireless router, or in other words, about a Wi-Fi router).

The wired connection between the router and the computer is more secure (an unauthorized PC user is unlikely to be able to connect to the wire in your apartment or office). And here Wi-Fi connection requires additional protection, for example, using a complex password, because the radio signal from your router is easily received by all your closest neighbors (right, left, front, back, top, bottom).

Thus, ending the review of possible connections of users' computers to the ISP, we recall that

there are actually 2 ways to connect to the Internet: wired and wireless. In both cases, to connect users' computers to the Internet, you need to have a connection (wired or radio) with the provider's equipment.

This is one side of the coin of Internet connectivity.

Where is the Internet from providers

The second side of the Internet connection coin is the connection of the provider itself to the global network. To do this, the provider must have the appropriate powerful server equipment, which must also be connected with similar servers of other, larger providers by wires or radio (perhaps even with the help of satellite dishes).

All servers of all providers, connected to each other in a global network, constantly communicate with each other (this happens automatically, without the participation of people). During this "communication" the servers exchange both useful information and service information.

Useful information can be understood as information that end users request from the Internet.

Service information can be understood as data about where you can find this or that information on the global Internet, that is, the so-called links to useful information, but not the useful information itself.

Any information on the Internet is stored on servers. Any sites and blogs on the Internet store their data on these servers. One site or blog stores its data on one, and usually the only server. At the same time, all other servers of the global Internet network "know" that the data of such and such a site (blog) is stored on such and such a server. For this, all servers have special unique IP addresses. And any request to a specific site, blog, page social network etc. in the global network turns into a request to a specific server with a single IP address. And then the servers of the global Internet, transferring service information to each other, quickly (for the end user, almost instantly) find the very only server where the requested information is located.

This above-described mechanism for finding the right server in the vast expanses of the Internet is in many ways similar to the mechanism for ordinary telephone communication. By dialing a telephone number consisting of an eight, the region code (or country and region), and the subscriber's telephone number, we set the search rules to the telephone system. First, by the country code, the telephone exchange finds the nearest switchboard in this country, then by the region code - the closest switchboard of this region (city, town), and then digit by digit by the subscriber's number there is the only telephone exchange to which the called subscriber's telephone is connected.

On the Internet, a numeric IP address is used instead of phone numbers and country / area dialing codes. In it, you can also highlight the country code, region code and other codes by which you can easily find that single server and already on it a website, a blog, an Internet page of a social network that Internet users are interested in.

They try not to frighten PC users with these IP addresses. They are offered mnemonic names of sites, blogs, Internet pages (starting, as a rule, with "http: // www."), But the "translation" of these mnemonic names into digital IP addresses is automatically performed by the servers of providers (hosters).

You can determine the IP of the site or the name of the site by IP, for example, using the 2ip.ru/lookup service. True, on one IP, as a rule, there are several sites or blogs.

Thus, concluding the review of options for connecting Internet providers to the global Internet network, we note that for this, the Internet provider must have appropriate powerful servers configured and programmed to permanent job with the servers of other Internet providers in order to quickly find the required information at the request of end users of the PC. End (ordinary) PC users do not have such equipment at home, so they can only connect to the Internet through their providers.