Presentation "survey methods". Research method - questionnaire. Lesson on the basics of project activities. Poll as a research method presentation

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Presentation slides text content: Survey method Questioning Lesson plan: specifics of the survey; types of questions; composition and design of questionnaires; approbation of questionnaires Lesson epigraph "No matter how short the words:" yes "," no ", they all require the most serious thought" Pythagoras I. Specificity of the survey sign Requirement for sign of a person - a source of primary social. information, survey participant (respondent) taking into account the respondent's condition (his health, motivation for the survey) survey - a type of socio-psychological communication quality of work of the interviewer, interviewer, compliance with the conditions of the survey survey forms: oral (interview) and written (questionnaire) content, quantity questions and answers, depending on the goals of the SI, the timing, the sample population, the nature of the information received as much as possible short time, large sun, receiving a variety of information coverage of various areas of social. practice, taking into account subjectivity, distortion of information Types of questionnaires A questionnaire is a system of questions united by a single research concept aimed at identifying the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the object and the subject of analysis. Types of questionnaires group individual II. Types of questions Classification of questions by content by function by form facts of consciousness facts of behavior of the respondent's personality main / non-basic open / closed direct / indirect Questions on the content types of characteristics examples Facts of consciousness Revealing opinions, plans for the future Do you want to study at a university? Behavior facts Revealing actions, results of people's activity What do you need for this? Personality of the respondent Identification of socio-demographic characteristics ("passport"), the level of awareness of the respondents Indicate your age. Do you know the conditions of admission to the university? Questions by form, types of characteristics, closed examples: A) alternative; B) non-alternative Answers in a full set of options: A) choice of only one answer option; B) choice of several answer options All answers have a linear form of arrangement. Answer codes change in the strict direction of changing grades. A) Do you want to study at a university? 1. Yes; 2. no B) What universities do you want to study in? 1. USU; 2. USTU-UPI; 3. USUE open No answer options. The number of codes depends on the possible answer options (up to 10). What is necessary for admission to a university? _________________________________ Questions on the form types of characteristics examples indirect Representation of a situation that does not require assessment personal qualities or the circumstances of the respondent's activities We ask you to complete the phrase: “When I hear the director reproaching that his company is not performing well, I think that ...” Direct Requiring the respondent to express a critical attitude towards himself, towards other people, events What prevents you from successfully managing firm: your personal qualities or the resistance of the team? Questions on functions types of characteristics examples basic Gathering information about the content of the phenomenon under study. Do you know about the activities planned for the new school year? non-basic Identifying the addressee of the main question ("filter questions"), checking the sincerity of the answers (" Control questions») What activities planned for the new academic year do you think are the most important? Requirements for the compilation of questions Provide the respondent with the opportunity to evade an answer, express an indefinite opinion (“I find it difficult to answer,” “it can be different." positive and negative judgments ("What do you like and dislike about the work of the school?"), arrange them in the form of two parallel columns. Take into account the respondent's memory capabilities, his ability to analyze and generalize his own actions, views. Do not use vague formulations and unknown terms ... III. Composition and design of questionnaires. Phases of the survey. Parts of the questionnaire. Adaptation (formation of a general positive attitude to the survey). rules for filling out the questionnaire. Achieving the goal of the SI (collecting the necessary information) Main (questions aimed at obtaining the necessary information): for each task its own block of questions; the first question is neutral; location of difficult questions in the central part of the questionnaire; maximum compactness, execution time - up to 40 minutes. Completion of the survey (stress relief); Final ("passport"): clarification of socio-demographic characteristics; expressing the opinion of the respondent on the topic of the survey; expression of gratitude for participation in the SI. IV. Approbation of questionnaires Algorithm for checking the correctness of the compilation of questions: Answers are not forgotten: "I do not know", "I find it difficult to answer" Used different types Questions There are filter questions No discrepancy between the meaning of the question's wording and the measurement scale No incomprehensible, specific terms in the question's wording The respondent's competence has not been exceeded The respondent's memory capacity has not been exceeded The respondent's self-esteem is not hurt Questions do not cause negative emotions IV. Approbation of questionnaires Algorithm for checking the composition of the questionnaire: The principle of correct placement of questions is observed. Previous questions do not directly affect the subsequent questions. The semantic blocks of the questions are separated from each other by “attention switches”. The filter questions are equipped with pointers to move to another question. Match the types of questions and their examples types examples 1. open A) Does your job give you moral satisfaction or do you work for money? 2. closed B) If it happened that you had to choose a profession again, would you choose your current profession? 3. Direct Q) To what extent are you satisfied with your job? 4. indirect D) How often do you visit the dentist? 1/1 times a year; 2/2 times a year; 3/1 time per month 5. main E) Would you like to change your job? 6. non-main E) What do you dislike about the design of the building of our company? __________________ Correct answers 1 - E; 2 - G; 3 - A; 4 - B; 5 - B; 6 - E. Homework: 1. know the classification of questions; 2. develop a draft questionnaire on the topic of a group project

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Survey methods in sociology Survey method Questionnaire and its types Interview and its types

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I. A survey is a method of collecting primary information through a researcher's oral or written appeal to respondents with questions, the content of which illuminates the problem he is studying. For the answers of the respondents to provide the researcher with the necessary information, he must know: what exactly to ask, whom to ask, how to ask, what questions to ask, and, finally, how to make sure that the answers received can be believed.

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According to the level of competence of the persons involved in the survey, two types of surveys are distinguished: 1. Mass survey is the study of opinions different groups population who are not specialists in the problem under study. 2. An expert survey is a study of the opinions of specialists on the problem under study. Its specificity lies in the absence of anonymity.

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II. Depending on the nature and method of conducting, there are several options for the questionnaire:

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The questions in the questionnaire are grouped into several blocks: questions about facts questions about assessments questions about motives data about the respondent's personality

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The questions in the questionnaire are divided into several types: the main questions, from which the researcher obtains most of the information of interest to him; control questions, which are used to check the sincerity of the respondent's answers; filter questions, which are used in cases where the required information can be obtained only from a certain part respondents.

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According to the form of filling out the questionnaire, the following types of questions are distinguished: closed questions, the answers to which the respondent chooses from the options offered to him open questions, which give the respondent the opportunity to independently formulate the answer half-closed questions, when the list of possible answers contains "other", "what else"

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The advantages and disadvantages of each type of question are: the specific or abstract nature of the answers received; the ease or complexity of processing the results

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General requirements to the questionnaire: the questions should be clear, concise and understandable for all respondents. first, questions should be asked about the establishment of a fact, then questions about its assessment. in the first part of the questionnaire it is advisable to put simple questions, leaving the most difficult in the middle or even in the final part.

Sociological research
STUDY

INFORMATION COLLECTION METHOD

1. SURVEY
INTERVIEW
QUESTIONNAIRE
2. UNDEFINITIVE
OBSERVATION
ANALYSIS OF DOCUMENTS
EXPIREMENT

Sociological survey

SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY

Method
Advantages
disadvantages
By mail
Maybe
be carried out
small
group of researchers. Low cost. Ease of organization. There is no influence from the interviewer. Can be used
illustrations.
One-sidedness is possible due to the small number of responses. Impossibility
clarify
questions.
Impossibility of explanations and explanations. Poor quality of responses to
open questions.
By phone
Low cost. Field studies
can be completed
fast enough. Suitable for collection
both evidence and
data characterizing issues
relationships.
Centralized
control.
Limited to respondents with a telephone. Questionnaire and illustrations cannot be displayed.
It is difficult to maintain interest more
15-20
minutes.
Hard
set
difficult questions.
Personal interview
The depth of the survey. The ability to demonstrate the product. Possibility
grab the attention of the respondent in
for a long time. Possibility
listen to live speech.
High price. It is difficult to check the degree of influence of the interviewer
to the respondents. Interview can
be aborted. Large
team of interviewers.

Interview is a method of getting
necessary information through
direct
focused conversation.

INTERVIEW

FORMALIZED (STANDARD
CALLED)
SEMI-FORMALIZED (SEMI
STANDARDIZED)
UNFORMALIZED (OPEN
E, UNSTRUCTURED)
INTERVIEW

Interview structure

INTERVIEW STRUCTURE
INTRODUCTION
MAIN PART
FINAL PART

How to conduct an interview?

HOW TO DO AN INTERVIEW?
PLAN YOUR PROCESS:
Prepare a set of topics for discussion
Build a sequence
If necessary, clarify subtopics, decompose
Fix key issues
If necessary, prepare clarifying questions
CONDUCT WITHOUT FORGETTING ABOUT THE PROTOCOL (video, voice recorder, recordings in
notepad)
PROCESS RESULTS

CONDUCTING

Introductory phase
-Performance
- Objectives of the interview
–Warm up
Incentive phase
–Identification of problems
"Body" interview
–Questions in the order of the plan
Closing phase
–Summing up the information received
- Clarification of coverage ("have you talked about it?" TIPS
Avoid hints of evaluation (dislikes
do you have this screen ", and" what do you think
about this screen ").
Be prepared to explain every question.
Be free of assumptions and
assumptions.
Focus a person on
his personal experience.
Asking why more often