How to make a clay pot without a potter's wheel. ★ How to make a clay jug with your own hands. Amazing pottery art. Features of different types of clay

Marina Davidovich's master class.

Summer! A riot of colors, aromas, sounds, a lot of sun and warmth! And I want to capture it, leave it as a keepsake. We will breathe summer into the interior with the help of an earthen jug and decoupage technique.

Materials:
baked clay product;
fat milk;
universal acrylic primer;
acrylic paints;
glue varnish for decoupage;
water-based two-step craquelure varnishes;

Water-based acrylic varnish;
napkin with motif. Tools:
brushes, sponges;
grinding sponge.

How to make decoupage of a clay jug.

Since we'll be making a storage pitcher food products, then the inner surface must be prepared. We do milk firing. We fill the vessel with fat milk, leave it for 20 minutes - a fatty film forms on the inner surface. We drain the milk. We do it very carefully! Milk must not come into contact with the outside of the product. We put the vessel on the neck in the oven, heated to 180 degrees, for 20-30 minutes - a protective film is formed, thanks to which the vessel can be filled with liquid and dry products, and washed.

The cooled jug is primed with a sponge. If necessary, in two layers. Each layer is well dried. Apply a layer of background paint with a wet sponge. We dry well. Wipe lightly with a sanding sponge in a circle.

We glue the motive, separating it from lower layers... The jug is convex, so it is better to choose drawings that can be divided into parts. I used glue varnish: there are fewer wrinkles and after drying, you can lightly sand the irregularities.

With paint similar in color to the background, using a stencil brush, we refine the drawing, smoothing out the transitions. Dry, cover with several layers of acrylic varnish, drying each layer well. We level the surface with a sanding sponge.

In all the legends about the creation of the world, it is mentioned that the Creator created people from ordinary clay. It is not for nothing that our forefathers treated clay with great care and respect, creating almost all household items from it.

In modern times, clay crafts are a kind of hobby. Professionals and amateurs can make real masterpieces from ordinary natural materials that can be compared to a work of art.

In order to start sculpting from clay, you do not need large financial investments or special skills, only desire is enough.

Scope of application

In order to start making any product, it is important to know what is made of clay.

It is generally accepted that her lot is pots and bowls. But as it turned out, many different figurines are made from it, bricks are cast for the construction of houses, paints are made for dyeing fabrics, used in cosmetology, and also, by mixing clay with limestone, they produce cement.

Clay varieties

Clay is natural and artificial.

• Artificial is polymer clay, or plastic. Created chemically.
• Natural clay is extracted from the earth itself. It is 100% ecological product.

There are several types of natural clay: red, white and blue. Each of them has its own characteristics. Depending on what is made of clay, its properties and characteristics are taken into account.

General rules for sculpting from all types of clay

First, it is important to remember that clay is not plasticine, it is a more delicate and sensitive material, and it must be handled with care and affection.

Secondly, during the sculpting process, the clay must always remain moist. If it does not contain a sufficient amount of moisture, it can be diluted with ordinary running water to the desired consistency. At the end of work or during a break, cover the remaining material with a damp cloth.

Thirdly, if cracks and chips appear in the parts during the sculpting process, they can be smoothed out with fingers moistened with plain water or an aqueous solution of clay.

When creating a craft from any kind of clay, you need to start with the main, larger parts, gradually attaching smaller ones to them.

It is strictly forbidden to attach new parts from raw material to a dried craft - they will not join and can destroy the whole work. If there is a need to supplement or change the work, then you can use ordinary glue.

And the most important thing. It doesn't matter what, how and what they make. From polymer clay or the usual natural - any thing after sculpting needs to be dried!

Clay crafts: detailed description

We found out what almost everything is made of clay. But the first thing that can be made from it is a bowl, vase or jug ​​with an intricate and beautiful handle.

In order to make clay jugs, you need a suitable piece of red clay, a wooden potter's wheel and a desire to create.

The jug has a body, a handle and a spout. Each of these parts has its own purpose and is an integral part of the cookware.

Modeling technology:

The jug is ready after drying.

With the pitchers, everything is clear. How are vases made of clay? Very simple. They are performed according to the same principle as jugs. With a gradual rotation of the potter's wheel and giving any shape and height.

Having set the necessary shape of the bottom, the workpiece needs to be given the main and main part, then narrowed to the neck, level its height, and start leveling the surface of the walls.

A vase can be molded in almost any shape, the only condition is its round bottom and, as a result, its symmetrical shape.

After completing all the necessary manipulations with the manufacture and molding of a vase, you can leave it as it is. Or, with the help of special knives and cutters, you can make all kinds of patterns on its surface. But this must be done immediately after sculpting, without letting the workpiece dry out.

Summarize

This article discusses how and what is made from clay. As it turned out, almost everything is made of it, both kitchen utensils and unique things for decor.

It is worth noting that excellent designer jewelry is made from polymer clay of chemical origin, which is not inferior in beauty to jewelry.

How to make clay products without a potter's wheel, you will find out in this interesting and comprehensive article.

You, of course, have seen clay products on store shelves many times. Maybe you were interested in the question: how are clay products made? If so, you will find it helpful to read this article.

Ways to make clay products without a potter's wheel

The first thing you will need for making clay items is the raw materials for making these very items. It should be noted that not everything that resembles clay is clay at all.

How to test clay

You can check the clay as follows: the clay must be rolled into a very thin strip (sausage), let the thickness of the clay sausage not exceed three millimeters. If the sausage has not fallen apart, then this is the real clay that can be used to make products.

Another way

And there is one more way. In this method, the clay is tested for taste. There is no need to be afraid of this, all the old masters did this. If biting off a piece of clay, you do not feel an unpleasant taste, if there is no squeak on your teeth, then this is also what you need.

• Clay tested in these ways must be subjected to another test. The piece of clay must be dried and calcined over a fire.

• If the clay has not spilled, and its structure has become rough and homogeneous, then this clay is ideal for making all kinds of products from it.

Now that the clay is selected, you need to prepare it. Have you seen how the dough is kneaded? In the same way, you need to knead the clay. It is necessary to knead for a long time and thoroughly.

How to prepare clay

In the process of kneading, air comes out of the clay and the mass becomes homogeneous. This is necessary for the manufacture of quality cookware. If it is difficult for you to knead, then you can add a little water to the clay, the process will be easier. It is also possible to knead the clay with your feet, it is much easier to do this.

• If you have a potter's wheel - very good, but if not, then you can do without it. Clay products can be made simply by hand, without resorting to mechanics. But it is worth noting that if you still use a potter's wheel, then take a very soft clay.

• The most in a simple way the manufacture of clay products without the use of mechanical means is the rolling of clay strips. It is imperative to roll out on a flat surface, which must be covered with a damp cloth material. The strips are rolled out to five to seven millimeters. This option is ideal if you decide to make a shallow plate.

How to make clay jugs

For the manufacture of boilers and jugs, you need to make clay strands of 0.5-0.7 millimeters. The harnesses are twisted into spirals. If you want to make a product that will have a flat bottom, then make it using the above method and cut the bottom to the desired size.

• When the bottom is ready, the first harness is laid on it along the entire perimeter. This is done with the right hand, and pressure is made with the left so that the bundle sticks to the bottom.

• Then the next tourniquet is applied, and so on. Do not forget to constantly wet the product during the sculpting process. This is necessary so that the clay does not dry out and the clay strands stick well to each other. The product can be moistened with a brush.

If you make a product with different diameters, for example, a jug, then the turns are superimposed with slight deviations outward when the diameter expands, and inward, if it goes into narrowing. It is only necessary to align and iron the bundles during the sculpting process with wet hands. Then your dishes will be durable.

When, finally, the modeling is finished, the product is wrapped in paper or cloth and a flat surface is laid. Drying of the product takes two days. Be patient a little. The clay must dry well so that it doesn't burst in the fire.

The product is first fired for three hours at a temperature of 300 degrees. Then the temperature rises to five hundred and eighty degrees and remains that way for 15 minutes. Then the temperature is brought to nine hundred degrees and remains so for another 15 minutes. Everything is now ready. Take out the product when it cools down.

IRK.ru launches new project dedicated to interesting and rare professions and hobbies. Here we will talk about such professions or hobbies as, for example, a blacksmith, restorer, watchmaker or jeweler, and many others.

The first participant in our project was potter... Potters and potters appeared before our era. These craftsmen processed clay and turned it into crockery and other household items.

At that time, clay products were a necessary element of everyday life for many peoples. Now it is not so much a craft as a whole art. After all, clay can be used to create both ordinary flower pots and all kinds of interior items.

The process of creating pottery is quite complicated and consists of several stages. At first clay needs to be prepared... It is crushed, flattened, adding a little water to soften, collected in a round ball and kneaded again. As a result, no hard lumps should remain in the clay.

Now you can work with the material further. A piece of clay is placed on the potter's wheel and firmly squeezed by hands from all sides.

In this case, the position of the future product needs center... If the master feels that his hands are moving unevenly in a circle, shaking, it means that the clay is not in the center of the circle, and the product will not work.

After starts molding... Gradually, the potter evens out the clay mass, gives it the shape of a cylinder.

Then he can narrow it to the top or in other places, and in some other places, on the contrary, expand - depending on what the master wants to get in the end.

If the cylinder turns out to be even, then its further stretching and shaping into a pot shape will be easy - any shape can be created from a cylinder.

It happens that the product is simply destroyed during operation. There may be various reasons for this. This often happens if the clay is too liquid. Then it must still be dried and start all over again.

When the master has achieved the desired shape, he removes excess clay with strings or wires, also the product is leveled with a knife or wooden spatulas.

Several methods are used to decorate finished products. These are embossing (indentation of parts of objects), engraving (drawing with pointed sticks), glazing (coating with glaze).

From clay, you can create, for example, such pots covered with glaze and supplemented with volumetric fantasy elements, as well as vases and crafts, for example, for decorating aquariums.

Clay can be purchased ready-made or in powder form in specialty stores or art stores. But in extreme cases, you can do it yourself, but it's easier to say dig up in your garden or in your career. But usually it contains all sorts of unnecessary impurities, from which it needs to be cleaned.

We put the clay in a basin and fill it with water. When the clay has turned into a slurry, we put it in nylon tights and filter it into another basin.

Wait for the clay to thicken, be sure to stir it.

We put the clay on the gypsum board. When one side of the clay is dry, transfer it to the other. But if you don't have gypsum, put the clay on an oilcloth and leave to dry in the sun. After the clay has thickened, we squeeze the air out of it and put it in a plastic bag.

We take out the clay for sculpting and store it under a damp towel.

We mold clay in the same way as plasticine, only it is bad in it that individual parts are poorly molded with each other. To do this, make the so-called slip is clay in the form of a slurry mass. To connect the parts, it is simply applied to it with a brush.

Ceramic vases, pots, tea sets, candlesticks, plates, whistles and even musical instruments can all be created by yourself.

To learn how to make ceramics with your own hands, the main thing is desire. Before becoming a ceramist, try to mold the simplest trinket out of clay, and you will understand whether it is worth spending money on buying equipment for the job. If something doesn't work out, it doesn't matter, soak the marriage and make a new figure out of it, before baking, the product can be modified endlessly.

What ceramics are made of and where to get materials for work

Ceramics is fired clay, which is the main material in the work of a ceramist. In contrast, natural is of natural origin, it is mined from the bowels of the earth, without being subjected to chemical and other types of processing.

In order to save money, experienced craftsmen extract and prepare raw materials on their own. This process includes several stages and hardly deserves attention if you are just starting your journey and live in a city.

Clay for making ceramics must be greasy and free of inclusions of stones and other debris, otherwise the craft will crack during the baking process. The finished mass is stored under certain moisture conditions.

Natural clay happens different types :

• White is the most common, initially has a grayish tint, and after heat treatment it acquires a pleasant ivory hue.
• Red - contains iron oxide, which gives the raw material a greenish tone. The main color of the raw material is brown; after firing, the products turn red. It lends itself well to sculpting, does not crumble, ideal for sculptures and large items.
• Porcelain - gray raw and white after baking.
• Blue - is more often used in cosmetology and traditional medicine.
• Black or dark brown ceramic mass is the hardest clay, acquiring an ivory hue after being processed in an oven.

Also clays for ceramics classified by temperature processing for low-melting, medium-melting, refractory.

It is most convenient to buy ready-made pottery clay, focusing on the size of the fraction, color after firing at different temperatures and other characteristics and quality indicators. The cost depends on the manufacturer, packaging, texture. There are ready-made masses with additives to facilitate various tasks - sculpting, molding, potter's wheel.

In addition to clay, glazes and enamels are needed to cover products, pigments to give hand-made ceramics the desired shade, special additives to improve properties and heat treatment.

For gluing parts use slip mass- a kind of glue made from diluted clay. If you simply connect the elements, they can fall off when heated. All this is sold in specialized stores for ceramists.

Methods for making ceramic products

There are several ways to turn a clay mass into a beautiful ceramic piece.

Molding- the most affordable way of making ceramics with your own hands at home. Souvenirs, sculptures, dishes, toys or other crafts are molded by hand, as if from plasticine, helping themselves with special stacks or improvised devices.

Pottery requires a rotating circle. With the help of this ancient craft, vases, jugs, pots, plates, cups are still being created today.

Workout- the easiest way to make ceramics for beginners. In the work, a plaster mold is used, in which soft clay is laid out, and after hardening, a figured product is removed. Plaster molds are attractive in that they absorb excess moisture, helping the clay product to harden and dry.

Casting- here they also use forms, but of a different plan. The diluted clay is poured into molds, the blanks are dried, removed and painted.

Clay craft gains strength only after firing - processing in pottery kilns at temperatures from 900 to 1300 degrees. Ready-made souvenirs cover acrylic paints or with a special glassy glaze for ceramics. In the case of glazes, an additional firing is required after staining.

If you want to get a natural shade, use milk firing - cover the unpainted baked ceramic figurine with milk in several layers and bake again at lower temperatures.

Pottery kiln - types and preferences

Previously, ceramics kilns were forges dug in the ground and heated exclusively with wood. Modern pottery kilns are gas, electric and wood-burning. The latter, as a rule, are made with their own hands, they are suitable for use in private households. In the conditions of an apartment, it is most convenient to work with electric furnaces; for large volumes, you can choose a gas one.

Refractory bricks or other material that retains heat and is not afraid of heating is hidden in the metal body of such furnaces. To remove moisture, ventilation holes are provided, the process of ceramics firing is controlled by a software controller. Electric pottery ovens are not cheap. The price depends on the manufacturer, volume, power.

On sale there are models with vertical and horizontal loading and bell-type ones. By the type of location of the heating element, pottery kilns are divided into muffle and chamber. IN muffle it is located around a container made of refractory material (muffle). In the chamber, the heater is located inside, which reduces heat loss and makes the equipment more economical.

If you try a little, you can make a do-it-yourself oven for firing ceramics at home, taking as a basis refractory bricks and something for the body, for example, an old washing machine.

Baking is the most important and unforgiving process. Sometimes even experienced craftsmen see a bad marriage instead of the expected masterpiece. The items are never taken out immediately, they must cool in the oven.

How to choose a potter's wheel

Pottery wheels are used to sculpt round objects, so this tool does not need to be purchased right away. If you are just learning ceramics, start by sculpting or kneading. Circles are available with manual, foot and electric control.