Lesson "Miracle-Khokhloma" (spoon in plasticine technique), master class. Abstract of nodes for modeling "Golden Khokhloma" Khokhloma from plasticine for children 6 years old

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Compiled by:

Teacher MBOU DOD

"The House for arts and crafts for children

Yashkinsky municipal district "

Yashkino 2009

Lesson outline

"Golden Khokhloma"

"Art painting"

Topic: Khokhloma painting.

Target: To acquaint students with the Khokhloma painting.

Tasks:

· Develop skills of painting on a flat product;

· To foster love for folk art, respect for folk art;

· To form accuracy, abstract and spatial thinking.

Occupation type: combined lesson.

Methods and forms of carrying out: visual, verbal and practical methods.

Lesson equipment:

1.For a teacher: gouache, sheet of paper, brushes, water jar, palette, cloth.

2.For students: gouache, sheet of paper, brushes, water jar, palette, rag, paper silhouette of the tray.

Illustrative row:

A set of Khokhloma dishes, illustrations of original products, tables "The sequence of performing Khokhloma painting."

Course of the lesson:

1. Organizational part.

Cheerful Russian folk music sounds, the children enter the study and sit in their places. Checking the readiness for the lesson, marking the absent.

2. Message of the topic.

- Hello guys! Today I will begin our lesson with this poem:

In the village of Semyonov-

In the Russian land,

There were huts

There, during his time ...

And the birds sang there

The earth fed.

And yellow rye

I caressed the fields.

The forests gave birth there

Rowan, flowers.

And people lived there,

Cherishing dreams.

To make life more beautiful

For residents of tech-

Wrote on bowls

A pattern for fun.

Wrote patterns

Their hands, souls.

Praying in cathedrals

So that there is no sushi.

And in these patterns

Rowan vines.

Cathedrals reigned

Forests and mowing.

There he performed a muse

Brush the Russian people.

And he created a fairy tale,

Delicately inscribed fruit.

There a fairy tale intertwined

Into buckets and houses.

This is how it was born

We have a Khokhloma.

So, as you understood, the theme of our lesson "Golden Khokhloma" is art painting.

3. Motivation and goal setting.

What should you learn in the lesson? (History and distinctive features of the Khokhloma painting).

What should you learn in class? (Must learn the basic techniques of Khokhloma painting).

Where can we apply knowledge? (In the lesson, at home, we can introduce you to the Khokhloma painting).

4. Learning new material

- Khokhloma painting is painting on wood. They painted mainly wooden dishes, which had been made in Russia since ancient times. The dishes were varied in shape and size, they were sharpened on machines or hollowed out of wood.

Painted utensils brought joy and beauty to the poor peasant life. Khokhloma is an old village where Khokhloma painting originated and developed. In the paintings of Khokhloma, plant motifs prevail, sometimes images of birds are found. Golden herbs, leaves, raspberries and strawberries.

The colors of the Khokhloma painting are mainly black and red with gold, which gives the products a festive and solemn flavor. In addition, green, yellow and brown colors are used to make the painting even more bright and elegant. They painted all the objects - spoons, caddies, vases, thickets, ladles, bros, dishes, plates, etc. (Demonstrating a set of dishes, illustrations, photographs of products).

In the process of explaining, the teacher clearly demonstrates the sequence of performing the Khokhloma painting.

Now we will analyze in detail the elements and technology of the Khokhloma painting. All elements of the herbal ornament are performed immediately with a brush, without preliminary drawing with a pencil. The brush must be held at its very base and placed vertically to the plane of the sheet.

Khokhloma painting can be of two types: riding letter and background. Horse writing is a herbal painting, painting "under the leaf". The background letter is kudrina, painting "under the background". We will paint on the reception of the riding letter.

In Khokhloma painting, "grass" is an ornament made with separate rhythmically arranged strokes. Herbal elements are "herbs", "sedges", "blades of grass", "droplets", "tendrils", "curls", "bush".

"Sediments" is the simplest element. It is performed by lightly moving the tip of the brush from top to bottom.

"Blades of grass" are strokes with a slight smooth thickening.

"Antennae" - depicted as a continuous line of equal thickness, twisted into a spiral.

"Curls" - perform, as well as "antennae", only with a slight pressure in the middle of the element.

The "bush" is the most complex element, since it consists of several symmetrically arranged simpler elements: "sedges", "blades of grass", "droplets", "tendrils", "curls".

The main stem of the herbal ornament is called "kriul". It consists of "curls" that alternately twist up and down. Berries can complement herbal painting. For berries, lingonberries, currants and mountain ash, use a poke sign, twisted from dense fabric, felt or other materials.

Now, you have to practice, master the elements of the Khokhloma painting and draw up a sketch for the subsequent painting of the silhouettes of paper trays.

5. Practical work.

Students begin a series of exercises to master the elements of Khokhloma painting. Then they make a small sketch for a paper tray.

After mastering several types, elements of Khokhloma painting and thinking over a small sketch, children begin to paint paper silhouettes of trays. In the process of independent work, the teacher provides individual assistance.

1. Drawing the main elements with a pencil.

2. Painting of large elements.

3. Painting of small elements.

4. Supplement with "antennae", "curls", berries.

Guys, let's arrange an express exhibition of our trays.

- Well done boys! We all got wonderful trays and now let's all play together, whistle some melody.

6. Monitoring and evaluation stage.

Approximate questions and answers:

· What are the main colors of the Khokhloma painting? (Gold, black, red, rarely green and brown).

· What are the names of the elements of herbal ornament? ("Grasses", "sedges", "blades of grass", "droplets", "antennae", "curls", "bush". ).

· What did you learn in class? (We learned how to perform the basic details, brushstrokes of herbal ornament).

· How do you assess your work in class?

Our lesson has come to an end. Goodbye.

Bibliography

Http: // www. hohloma. org / article_info.

Anna cholina

The presentation is designed for children of the middle group, for use in occupations modeling on familiarization with Khokhloma painting.

On this class, the presentation helped to visually acquaint preschoolers with the old Russian folk craft, which is a decorative painting of wooden dishes and furniture, etc. The slides of the presentation show photographs with examples of dishes painted under khokhloma... The adapted information is also presented in the form of a history of occurrence Khokhloma painting, artistic word (excerpt of a poem), and illustrations of types of painting and stages of preparing dishes for painting. The colorful illustrations on the slides just mesmerized the children.

The children really liked it, we learned the poem and consolidated the material occupation for artistic and aesthetic development sculpting... With children, they blinded a plate using a disc and a spoon with Khokhloma pattern... The children happily took the crafts home, and the impressions of classes shared with parents! And also, we created a minimuse in the group where there was collected: spoons, dishes, handicrafts of children with their parents. And one mommy is a needlewoman, she even baked gingerbread with Khokhloma painting!

Related publications:

Abstract of the lesson "Golden Khokhloma" Municipal autonomous preschool educational institution Combined kindergarten №43 "Rodnichok" Abstract directly.

In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in interest in the use of works of folk decorative and applied art in working with children.

Abstract of the GCD "Golden Khokhloma" Abstract of GCD "Zolotaya Khokhloma" Educational tasks: to generalize and consolidate children's knowledge about traditional Russian crafts Khokhloma. Introduce.

The work uses elements of a grass pattern - curls, a leaf pattern - a herbal ornament, a berry pattern. Khokhloma colors - Red, black ,.

OD with older children "Zolotaya Khokhloma" Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution kindergarten of combined type No. 5 of the municipal formation Uspensky.

Objective: To continue to expand the understanding of the folk craft "Khokhloma" with the help of non-traditional visual arts techniques, such as.

Project "Sorceress-dandy, golden khokhloma" Relevance The preschool period of a child's life is the time of the formation of a person's moral and spiritual qualities. And whether these qualities will be formed.

PROJECT THEME: "Golden Khokhloma" Project type: informational and creative Sections: Communication, Knowledge, Socialization, Artistic creativity.

Plasticine or plasticine drawing is a relatively new type of children's creativity and a kind of non-traditional drawing, which is available to children both at home and in kindergarten. As the name implies, plasticine becomes the main material in plastinography, which is applied to a horizontal dense base - cardboard, glass, plastic or thick paper. You can also create mixed-media paintings by complementing plasticine drawings on paper with beads, sequins, natural materials and graphic designs. Usually, children really like plasticineography and it becomes their favorite pastime for kids. There are many reasons for this: firstly, it is very simple to create drawings with plasticine on cardboard, secondly, plasticine helps to relieve muscle and nervous tension, and thirdly, pictures from plasticine can be easily corrected - if something does not work out, then this part can just take off the stack and redo.
Plasticine drawing technique

To draw with plasticine, you will need the following materials:

• cardboard or thick paper;
• wooden or plastic board for rolling plasticine;
• a container with water for wetting hands;
• a set of multi-colored plasticine;
• wet wipes for hands;
• a set of stacks of different shapes.

The creation of crafts using the plasticinography technique consists of the following operations:

1. We choose a drawing-base for creating a picture from plasticine. For the smallest artists, it is best to start drawing with plasticine with a rainbow. We transfer the sketch of the image we like to cardboard, paying attention to which background the selected picture will look better: white or color.

2. Separate small pieces from the plasticine bars and apply them to the base in accordance with the idea. In this case, we use various sculpting techniques:

• rolling - a piece of plasticine, located between the palms or palm and the board, is rolled out with the help of rectilinear movements of the brushes, while acquiring a cylindrical shape;
• rolling - a piece of plasticine takes on a spherical shape with the help of circular movements of the brushes;
• smoothing - used to create flat and smooth surfaces;
• flattening - squeezing a plasticine ball into a cake;
• topping;
• pulling back.

3. To create pictures from plasticine with a large number of details, as well as more expressive drawing of objects, you can use a medical syringe without a needle. A block of plasticine is placed inside the syringe and carefully heated, and then gently squeezed out with long thin "threads". For thicker threads, you can use a pastry syringe. You can heat the syringe by immersing it in a container with hot water, or by placing it on a radiator.

4. To obtain softer transitions between colors and to obtain the necessary shades of plasticine, different colors of plasticine are mixed simply in the hands. In this case, you need to remember the following nuances:

• do not mix more than two colors of plasticine at the same time, otherwise the color will turn out to be dull;
• you can achieve a brighter and deeper shade by mixing black plasticine with any color;
• you can get pastel shades by mixing with any color of white plasticine.

Khokhloma is an old Russian folk craft that was born in the 17th century in the Nizhny Novgorod district. An old legend tells: once a man lived in the Nizhny Novgorod forests, on the banks of a quiet river. Who he is and where he came from, we do not know. The man cut out wooden cups and spoons and painted them so that they seemed to be made of pure gold. The king found out about this and got angry: “Why don't I have such a master in my palace ?! Come to me! Immediately!" He banged his staff, stamped his foot and sent a soldier to bring the craftsman to the palace. The soldiers went to carry out the royal order, but no matter how much they looked, they could not find the miracle of the master. He left who knows where, but first he taught the local peasants to make gold dishes. In each hut, cups and spoons glittered with gold.

The homeland of Khokhloma is the village of Khokhloma, Koverninsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Products for Khokhloma painting, most often dishes and furniture, are made of wood. But before drawing on them, the surface is covered with a primer and shiny oil using a special technology. Then this shiny surface is tinned - they rub aluminum powder into it with a soft cloth, from which it becomes silvery and very smooth, and after varnishing it becomes golden. The dishes are painted "under Khokhloma" with oil paints. Traditional elements of Khokhloma are red juicy berries of rowan and strawberry, flowers and branches. Birds, fish and animals are also common.

Red, black, gold and green are the colors of Khokhloma. To liven up the pattern, a little white is allowed.

Painting can be "horse" - a drawing is applied to a silvery blank in red and black; and “under the background” - first, the outline of the ornament is outlined, and then the background is filled with black paint, while the pattern itself is not painted, but remains silvery. When varnished, the silver coating will turn golden and look like it is made of gold :)

Let's practice riding Khokhloma painting? To do this, you need to print a sheet with your favorite pattern or dishes. And there - take a brush and paints in your hands and go!

Grass - a pattern of large and small grasses. Elements of the pattern: sedges, blades of grass, droplets, antennae, curls and bushes.

Herbal ornament.

Leaves pattern - stems and leaves.

The berry pattern includes an ornament: lingonberry, gooseberry, currant, strawberry, mountain ash, raspberry.

The "gingerbread" ornament is usually painted inside a cup or dish; it is a geometric figure (square or rhombus), decorated with grass, berries, flowers.

In painting "under the background" the element "curl" is often used. Kudrin painting is a rich, lush pattern with round, intricate curls, reminiscent of curls. They draw not the patterns themselves, but a dark background. And the pattern that has turned out by itself is complemented with small colored elements (postscripts). This process is much more laborious than horse painting.

Painted items are coated 4-5 times with a special varnish (with intermediate drying after each layer) and, finally, hardened for 3-4 hours in an oven at a temperature of +150 +160 ° C until a golden oil-lacquer film is formed. This is how the famous "golden khokhloma" turns out.

Golden Khokhloma is a bright, distinctive phenomenon of Russian folk arts and crafts. This traditional art craft has more than three hundred years of history. It arose in the 17th century in the Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region near the trading village of Khokhloma.

Historically, in this remote forest area, very favorable conditions have developed for the development of folk art and crafts. The entire territory of the region was, as it were, one workshop scattered over hundreds of villages, where residents, as if by agreement, divided the entire technological process among themselves. Residents of villages employed in separate labor operations settled nearby, making up their own "workshop" or "bush". Each group of villages had a center - a large trading village, where the peasants came to the market every week to sell their products. The villages where they sharpened and painted wooden dishes were grouped around the large trading village of Khokhloma, which gave its name to the entire art of painting.

Wooden utensils have been common in Russia since ancient times: a wooden spoon or bowl could be seen on the table at the boyar's lady and in the peasant's hut, on the farm of a wealthy official and in the royal household. Elegant wooden dishes were painted in bright, rich colors and painted with different colors, sometimes gold and silver. A nicely finished spoon or ladle was considered a gift. But even the simplest dishes could not be used unpainted: hot food relaxed the wood, cracks formed in it. Therefore, non-stained dishes were covered with linseed oil - boiled linseed oil.

Painted, and even with gold, dishes were inaccessible to the peasant. However, folk craftsmen managed to make dishes no worse than the golden boyar, but peasants could also use it. This is how the dishes with Khokhloma dew-writing appeared - dishes that easily withstand hot, are not afraid, according to the masters, neither heat nor cold, it washes well, serves for a long time, but competes with gold for elegance, and at a price access to the poor.

The origin of the methods of painting wooden dishes in a golden color without the use of gold remains a mystery even for specialists today. The original technology, developed over the centuries, is the magic process that turns an ordinary white tree into a shiny gold piece.

The process of making Khokhloma dishes is not at all simple. First, the product was extracted from raw wood. White dishes ("linen") were kept for 12-15 days at room temperature for drying. Then it was primed, coated with clay. The fact is that wood is a very porous material, and in order to close all the pores, to create a waterproof layer, it had to be smeared. Ordinary clay turned out to be a good material for this. This clay was called wap by the craftsmen, which is why the process of impregnating items with clay began to be called vaping. The clay was dissolved in warm water, the pieces were kneaded, mixed, receiving a solution of a certain density. Then they smeared the walls of the product with a thick layer and left it for a while - the solution had to be absorbed. Then it was lubricated again. The product, which was soaked in this way, with a clay crust formed on it, was placed on the boards, where it was supposed to dry out.

The dried product was impregnated with uncooked linseed oil and again kept for a short time so that the clay layer would mix with the oil. Then the product was sanded by wiping the surface with linen bast and linen rags. After grinding, the product was placed on boards in a heated oven and kept there for 4-5 hours.

The next operation is putty, that is, the putty of the product with clay mixed with drying oil. This mixture was supposed to close up all unevenness, knots, cracks and other wood defects. The propped-up product was again put to dry.

This was followed by treatment with drying oil to create an oil film on the product. The products were coated with drying oil three times, each time in the intervals they were dried again and only then were they put into the oven at a temperature of 80-90 degrees. The product, which was pro-lysed in this way, was tinned - coated with tin (aluminum) powder, and it became “silver”. Only after that was the product ready for painting with paints. The painted lu-wife product was again abundantly coated with linseed oil and put on the boards in a cool oven for heating. And only then did the “silver” products magically turn into “golden” ones, finally acquiring such a well-known look to everyone.

The series is intended for group and individual lessons with children of senior preschool and primary school age in labor and fine arts lessons. The basic techniques of the Khokhloma delineation are presented. The material is presented according to the principle from simple to complex, from the study of the main elements of Khokhloma painting and exercises for repetition to tasks for improvisation and painting of volumetric images. The materials can be successfully used by teachers, educators of senior groups of preschool educational institutions, teachers of art schools, leaders of circles and various studios, as well as by parents in home studies with children. To get started, you must have: . gouache paints of yellow, red, green and black colors; Squirrel brushes No. 2 and No. 3; A jar of water; A soft cloth to remove excess paint from the brush; A piece of white thick paper or a white small plate without patterns, which will serve as a palette.

In Khokhloma painting, "grass" is an ornament made with separate rhythmically arranged strokes.

All elements of the herbal ornament are drawn immediately with a brush, without applying a preliminary drawing with a pencil, while the brush must be held with three fingers perpendicular to the surface of the sheet. The exercise includes the main elements of the "grass":

"Sediments" is the simplest element of the pattern; it is performed with a slight movement of the tip of the brush from top to bottom;

"Blades of grass" are strokes with a slight smooth thickening;

"Droplets" are drawn by applying a brush to paper;

"Antennae" are drawn in the form of a continuous line of the same thickness, twisted into a spiral.

"Curls" are made with light pressure in the middle of the element;

"Bush" is the most complex element of "grass"; it consists of simpler, symmetrically located elements - "sedges", "blades of grass", "droplets", "tendrils" and "curls".

In all the tasks for improvisation, the children first examine the painting made by the master, and then paint the drawing of the product on their own.

Consider with the children a herbal-patterned cup made by a master. The festive and solemn colo-rite of the painting is achieved by combining gold, red and black colors.

Children are invited to independently invent and decorate a spoon with elements of herbal ornament, using two colors - black and red.