What is Isopropyl Alcohol? Isopropyl alcohol - composition and application What is isopropyl alcohol for?

In a number of publications, isopropyl alcohol is quite often found under the name isopropanol. In the literature on chemistry, it often appears as propanol-2 or dimethylcarbinol. It is presented in the form of a colorless liquid with a characteristic alcoholic smell of sharp sounding. Isopropyl alcohol is one of the secondary alcohols in the aliphatic series.

Isopropyl alcohol, both absolute and technical, is applicable if cleaning procedures for optical fibers are required. This fact is quite explainable by the improved properties of this product in comparison with any other compound and ethanol compounds, including.

Isopropyl alcohol quickly and effectively destroys almost all contaminants in the absence of visible stains, thereby the effect of isopropyl alcohol differs from the usual medical one bought in a pharmacy.

Of course, it is widely used in household chemicals and household goods. As a result, the substance is available in a wide variety of packages. The pungent smell of the substance is masked by various types of fragrances.

Compound

Isopropyl alcohol is characterized by all the basic qualities that are inherent in secondary fatty alcohols. General Molecular Formula:

C3H8O

Isopropyl alcohol is highly flammable. A practical example of a substance is alcohol of the secondary type, where carbon compounds occur, which can be reflected using the formula expression:

(CH3) 2CHOH or CH3CHONCH3

It should be noted that the secondary type alcohol is the structural isomer of propanol. Propyl alcohol, including isomers - liquids with a characteristic alcohol odor. Such substances can be obtained from the distillation of fusel oils. In the case of the synthetic method - from carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and isopropyl alcohol - by means of cracking gas (in propylene).

Basic chemical properties of the substance

Isopropyl alcohol is highly soluble in any of the following substances:

... Adequate amount of water;
... Alcohol-containing foods;
... Some ethers and chloroform.

With the help of this substance, you can easily dissolve ethyl cellulose, most oils, rubber-based materials, substances and materials with a certain amount of resins in their composition (of natural origin).

In the case of any saline solution, isopropyl alcohol does not react. Alcohol of this type can be isolated from aqueous solutions by adding a little table or other salt, which distinguishes it from alcohols such as ethanol and methanol.

List of physical properties of isopropyl alcohol

... The mass of the substance (molecular, in terms of international atomic masses) - 60, 095;
... Temperature level - 82, 4 ° С;
... Density index (at 20 ° C) - 0.785 g / cm3;
... The temperature at which melting occurs is 89 ° C;
... Steam pressure level (at 25 ° С) - 5, 229 kPa;
... The flash point is 11.7 ° C.

According to interstate standards, isopropyl alcohol is regulated by the following specifications: GOST 9805-84 dated 01.01.1986 This standard refers to alcohol obtained by hydration of propylene.

As a secondary alcohol, isopropyl alcohol undergoes oxidation by reacting with acetone. This effect is achieved by the obligatory use of an oxidizing agent. Such an oxidizing agent can be, for example, chromic acid. Alternatively, isopropyl alcohol should be dehydrogenated over a heated catalyst (copper):

(CH3) 2CH-O → (CH3) 2CO + H2

Main areas of application

Isopropyl alcohol is a cheap but very effective solvent. It is used in such areas of production as:

... Perfumery and cosmetic products;
... Production of hygiene products;
... Household chemicals of several categories, which allows the addition of various dyes;
... Printing products and paints and varnishes;
... Serves as a raw material for a variety of pharmaceutical products;
... It is used as a base raw material in the production of acetone.

Isopropyl alcohol acts as a substitute for ethyl alcohol, which is widely used in auto chemical goods, medical products, and as an industrial solvent.

In medicine, isopropyl alcohol plays a special role as an effective disinfectant. It is he who processes the injection sites. Also used as an antiseptic.

Basic types of production

Isopropyl alcohol is produced by three methods. Basic reactions:

... Propylene and sulfuric acid. As a result, it is possible to obtain a mixture of sulfate esters. They are also processed, and as a result, diisopropyl alcohol is obtained as one of the by-products;
... Direct hydration in liquid or gas phase conditions. In this case, the presence of catalysts is required;
... Hydrogenation of crude acetone.

Main suppliers of products

On the territory of the Russian Federation, the supply and sale of products containing isopropyl alcohol is carried out by several enterprises. The main ones are:

... ZAO Synthetic Alcohol Plant, Orenburg Region, Orsk;
... LLC "Trading House" Orion ", located in St. Petersburg.

... Bottles with a volume of 0.5 l and 1 l;
... Cans with a capacity from 3 liters to 30 liters;
... It is more convenient for wholesalers to purchase products in 200 - liter barrels.

The price of such chemical products ranges from 80 to 200 rubles per kilogram, which is determined by the form of packaging, the manufacturer (or supplier), the degree of purification and the type of isopropyl alcohol sold.

Isopropyl alcohol is a colorless flammable liquid with a strong alcoholic odor. Isopropyl alcohol is widely demanded in various spheres of human activity. Main characteristics: simple chemical formula, affordable price and properties that are of paramount importance for various industries.

There are several qualifications (types) of isopropyl alcohol, the main ones being absolute and technical. In absolute isopropyl alcohol, there is more basic substance, less water and impurities. From the point of view of an ordinary consumer, both qualifications are technical isopropyl alcohol, which you can buy through an application or by phone.

We have been selling petrochemicals of the highest quality for over 20 years and guarantee the absolute physical and chemical compliance of isopropanol with the requirements of Russian and European standards. The leading industrial enterprises of the country are among our regular customers.

The company's work is focused on the sale of isopropyl alcohol to consumers at the best price from the manufacturer. The competitive advantages of our products are high quality, low odor, absence of impurities and economical cost. Cooperating with a direct supplier of chemical raw materials in Moscow, you insure yourself against the risk of purchasing a counterfeit product!

Isopropyl alcohol chemical properties

Chemically, isopropanol is the simplest monohydric secondary alcohol that has the properties of fatty alcohols and forms ethers and esters. Isopropyl alcohol perfectly dissolves alkaloids, essential oils, chloroform, water, various chemical compounds, natural and synthetic resins.

Isopropanol does not interact with saline solutions. Unlike methanol and ethanol, this alcohol can be isolated from an aqueous solution, to which table salt or any salt of an inorganic substance is added. Isopropanol reacts with powerful oxidants. Reacts aggressively to some types of rubber and plastic.

Isopropanol production

There are two methods of industrial production of isopropyl alcohol from petrochemical raw materials - sulfuric acid hydration of propylene and hydrogenation of acetone. As a feedstock for the first method, a propane-propylene fraction obtained from gases of catalytic or thermal cracking and free of hydrocarbons is used.

In the second method, acetone, containing less than 1% water, acts as a raw material. In both cases, the end product is isopropyl alcohol, which has a wide range of uses. The formation of by-substances is practically eliminated and expensive separation is not required. Both the first and the second method are used for the production of isopropanol on a large technical scale.

Isopropanol use

Isopropyl alcohol is an excellent solvent and therefore is in demand in the oil, metallurgical, chemical, furniture, medical, food, perfumery, paint and varnish and wood chemical industries. The antiseptic effect of isopropanol is much higher than that of ethanol. Due to this, isopropyl alcohol is used as:

dehydrating agent;
recrystallization solvent;
extractant of pure impurities;
preservative agent;
stabilizer;
defroster.

Most of isopropyl alcohol, both in our country and in the world, is used for the manufacture of acetone. In recent years, the production of low pressure polyethylene and polypropylene has become a significant consumer of isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol is in great demand in the field of ester synthesis.

Propane-2 ol

Chemical properties

Isopropanol, what is this substance?

Ispropanol is the simplest monohydric secondary alcohol aliphatic series ... Has one isomer propanol-1 ... It has a pronounced narcotic effect and is toxic. The maximum permissible concentration of a substance in the air is 10 mg per cubic meter. The agent does not accumulate in the body. When even a small amount of alcohol is ingested, poisoning occurs.

The racemic formula of the compound is C3H8O. By its chemical properties isopropyl alcohol similar to secondary fatty alcohols. The tool is capable of forming complex and simple ethers , the hydroxyl group is displaced halogens ... Also, the thing reacts with aromatic compounds forming isopropylbenzene or isopropyltoluene ... They dissolve well in alcohol alkaloids , essential oils and resin .

React is often used dehydrogenation of isopropanol , as a result of which acetone ... The product interacts with strong oxidants, rubber and plastic.

According to its physical characteristics, the substance is a colorless liquid with a characteristic pungent odor (stronger than that of ethanol ). Alcohol boils at about 82.4 degrees Celsius, spontaneously ignites at 456 degrees. The molar mass of this compound is 60.09 grams per mole.

Isopropanol is described on Wikipedia as a substance that is highly soluble in benzene, acetone , water and organic solvents. Also, the vapors of the compound mix well with air, forming explosive mixtures.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, Isopropanol is obtained in two ways: propylene sulfate hydration or by hydrogenation of acetone with hydrogen (stationary copper-nickel chromite catalyst is used).

The tool is used in many industries:

in the chemical industry to obtain hydrogen peroxide , methyl zobutyl ketone , acetone, isopropyl acetate and isopropylamine ;
as a substitute for more expensive and state-regulated alcohol - ethanol, in perfumery, household chemicals, in the composition repellents ;
for the production of cosmetics, disinfectants, antifreeze , windscreen washers;
as part of a cleaning agent for printed circuit boards after soldering using a flux;
when milling and turning works;
in the gas chromatography ;
when welding an optical fiber.

In medicine, the agent is part of various antiseptic solutions, its 70% solution is used as antiseptic for honey impregnation. napkins.

pharmachologic effect

Antiseptic, disinfectant.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The substance irritates the respiratory tract and eyes, with short inhalation of high concentrations, it causes a severe headache, depresses the work of the central nervous system. Inhalation of concentrations several times higher than the maximum allowable can lead to loss of consciousness.

When taken orally, the agent undergoes metabolism in the liver, turns into acetone and alcohol dehydrogenase , has a toxic effect on the body. However, its small concentrations, as a rule, do not lead to any serious disorders in the work of various organ systems. Serious toxic effects can be achieved by ingesting more than 50 ml of the product.

It should be noted that when ingested, the substance causes intoxication, similar to alcohol. The oxidation rate of alcohol in the body is about 2.5 times lower than that of ethanol , the effect of the intake lasts much longer.

When used locally, the substance inhibits vital functions. gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria , some types of mushrooms (for example, Candida ). Does not penetrate into the systemic circulation, evaporates quickly from the skin surface or is absorbed.

Indications for use

Isopropanol is used as a local antiseptic in various agents for disinfecting hands and skin, as an auxiliary component in ointments and gels for external use.

Contraindications

The substance should not be taken orally. When used topically, the agent has practically no contraindications.

Side effects

When used topically, adverse reactions usually do not occur. Sometimes possible: dry skin, tingling and tingling sensations (especially in the presence of abrasions and wounds).

Isopropanol, application instruction (Way and dosage)

The way of using the drug differs depending on the form of release and indications.

Isopropanol, instructions for use

Antiseptics for local use, containing alcohol in the composition, are applied in a thin layer to previously cleaned and dry skin or other surface for disinfection. Then the product is rubbed into the skin until it dries completely, within a minute.

When carrying out preoperative treatment of hands, special attention should be paid to the space between the fingers and the nail plates.

Overdose

The likelihood of overdose when used topically is extremely small. In case of accidental ingestion, alcohol poisoning, nausea, headache occurs, and a fruity aroma from the mouth is possible. Therapy - gastric lavage, enterosorbents .

Interaction

The drug interaction of the substance is not described. When used topically, alcohol does not interact with other agents.

Terms of sale

Over the counter.

Storage conditions

Preparations which contain (Analogues)

In combination with ethanol, the substance is contained in gels and solutions for disinfecting hands and honey. tools such as gel Isosept .

Isopropanol is also found in various gels and ointments: , etc.

Isopropyl alcohol is a chemical with the formula CH3CH (OH) CH3. It is often called propanol-2, isopropanol, or IPA for short. We sell isopropyl alcohol, so we present to the visitors of our online store a short story about it.

Isopropyl alcohol properties

Isopropanol is a secondary aliphatic alcohol. It is able to form various ethers, reacts with active metals, when condensation with aromatic compounds, derivatives are obtained, for example, isopropylbenzene.
An excellent solvent itself dissolves in benzene and acetone, and mixes with water and organic solvents in any proportions.

Isopropanol dissolves well natural and some synthetic resins, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, most oils. Not suitable for rubber and some plastics. Forms an azeotropic mixture with water, 87.9% consisting of propanol-2. It does not enter into chemical reactions with salt solutions, which is used to isolate it from an aqueous solution.

Isopropyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a pungent alcoholic odor, more "coarse" than the smell of ethyl alcohol. Freezing point: 89.5 ° C below zero. Vapors of the substance mix easily with air and, at high concentrations, form an explosive mixture, therefore, work with it in well-ventilated rooms and keep it away from open flames and heating appliances.

Isopropanol is toxic by inhalation and ingestion, and can cause skin irritation, poisoning, and even death. Couples are narcotic. Isopropyl alcohol is more toxic than ethyl alcohol, but it also intoxicates ten times faster, so a person is simply not able to take a lethal dose. Long-term inhalation of vapors with a content in the air above the MPC is much more dangerous.

Isopropyl alcohol use

Its main field of application is as a solvent in industry, in perfumery, in household chemicals, in repellents. The price of isopropyl alcohol is affordable, which, coupled with many useful properties, makes it a popular substance. It is used:

In the automotive industry. The property of IPA to freeze at very low temperatures is especially appreciated. The higher the concentration of isopropanol in the solution, the lower the freezing point of the liquid. It is used in antifreeze, windshield wipers, and added to gasoline.
- In medicine - as a disinfectant (60-70% solution soak tampons and napkins, clean hands).
- As an intermediate in the production of other reagents in chemistry. Acetone and isopropylbenzene are commercially produced from isopropanol.
- In pharmacology, it is used in analyzes using gas chromatography.
- For the preservation of organic materials (alternative to formaldehyde), for the preservation of analyzes in medicine and biology.
- Isopropyl alcohol is used as a cleaner in electrical engineering, electronics, metallurgy, furniture and fiber-optic industries, etc.
- At home. Propanol-2 is less toxic than most solvents used in the household. It strikes stains, glue, oils, paint, dirt from fabrics, paper, wood, metal and glass surfaces.

Absolute isopropyl alcohol has a very wide range of applications. Isopropyl alcohol is an excellent solvent for many essential oils, alkaloids, some synthetic resins, etc. The solubility in it of many organic substances, for example, oils, waxes, ethers, is greater than in ethanol, which explains its popularity.

In industry, isopropyl alcohol is obtained mainly by sulfuric acid or direct hydration of propylene. The propane-propylene fraction of cracking gases, as well as the propylene fraction of oil pyrolysis gases, are used as raw materials.

Isopropyl alcohol is used in printing, chemical, oil, medical, furniture, food, wood-chemical, perfumery industries.

In the printing industry, isopropyl alcohol is used for moisturizing in printing processes.
Most of isopropyl alcohol, both in Russia and abroad, is used for the production of acetone.
Isopropyl alcohol is also used to synthesize isopropyl acetate and other esters.
Recently, a large consumer of isopropyl alcohol has been the production of plastics, in particular, the production of low-pressure polyethylene and polypropylene, where isopropyl alcohol is used to wash the resulting polymer.
In the paint and varnish industry, alcohol is used as an auxiliary solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, ethylcellulose. For nitro varnishes, it is one of the most important auxiliary solvents.
Isopropyl alcohol is used in the transportation of nitrocellulose, which is mixed for safety with 30-35% alcohol.
In the oil refining industry, isopropyl alcohol is used:

as a solvent for carbamide, a solution of which in alcohol is used for dewaxing diesel fuels;

as an extractant mixed with methanol and water in the process of selective extraction of naphthenic acids;

as an additive to oils to improve their quality in terms of anti-corrosion properties and pour point.

Isopropyl alcohol is a good solvent for many essential oils, alkaloids, some synthetic resins, etc. The solubility in it of many organic substances, for example, oils, waxes, ethers, is higher than in ethyl alcohol.
Isopropyl alcohol is not inferior to ethyl alcohol as a disinfectant.
The antiseptic effect of isopropyl alcohol is higher than that of ethyl alcohol. Due to these properties, isopropyl alcohol is used:

In the wood chemical industry, isopropyl alcohol mixed with other solvents is used to extract resin from wood.
In the woodworking and furniture industry, it is used as a solvent for various oils, adhesives, etc., for removing old varnish coatings.
Isopropyl alcohol can be used to denature ethyl alcohol, when preparing brake fluid, as antifreeze (mixed with menthol) for car radiators.
In aviation, it is used as a stabilizer for aviation gasoline and an anti-icing agent. Of all oxygenates in Russian conditions, isopropyl alcohol - oxygenate for high-octane gasolines - has the greatest chances for a sharp increase in output.
As a rule, in all cases where technicians use ethyl alcohol (except for use as a raw material for chemical syntheses), it can be replaced with isopropyl alcohol taken at the same concentration.
It is absolute isopropanol that is the preferred raw material for the production of windshield washer fluid in the automotive chemical industry. It does not have such a harmful effect on the human body as, for example, methanol, at the same time it perfectly dissolves oils and resins without damaging the car paintwork.