Download the presentation of the story of New Year's toys. Presentation “Christmas toys. Annotation to the presentation

Tatiana Petrenko
Presentation "Christmas toys"

Project "Christmas trees toys»

for 2 younger group.

Relevance of the project:

The project is aimed at expanding children's knowledge about the objective world. The problem of interaction between preschool teachers and parents of pupils, their involvement in the life of the kindergarten and the group is also relevant.

Only by combining efforts, we will provide excellent conditions for the education of morality, feelings of love and affection for our culture, our people through the rational, rational use of national holidays based on folklore, creativity, traditions and customs.

Objective of the project: Introduction to the culture of the New Year holiday, its traditions; the development of an artistic and aesthetic attitude to the surrounding reality, the enrichment of children's impressions.

Tasks:

1. To acquaint with the variety of New Year's toys and the tradition of decorating the Christmas tree.

2. Development of artistic and aesthetic abilities, skills and abilities of productive activity.

3. Promote the interaction of children and parents in the manufacture and collection of New Years toys.

From the history of the Christmas tree toys.

(information for children of an educational nature)

How and where did they first appear Christmas decorations- history is silent. It is only known that at first they were very, very simple, but gradually they became more complex and interesting.

The tree used to dress up "Edible decorations"- apples, waffles, nuts in gold pieces, other fruits and sweets, honey cakes. And only then the first appear "Inedible" Christmas decorations.

In Russia, the first Christmas trees toys were not made of glass, as, presumably, in other countries, but from scrap materials - rags, straw, colored ribbons, and later from paper and foil. There were even special workshops that did this.

Also in our country, wadded toys... The basis for the figurine of the wadded man was a wire frame wrapped in cotton wool. The eyes, eyebrows and nose were painted with a brush, cheeks were blushed with a cotton swab. The costume was cut out of white or pre-dyed cotton wool. The finished figurine was covered with glue. Large figures, usually depicting Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden, were placed under the tree.

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Slide 1

(lesson for children of the middle group of kindergarten) Author Usinova Irina Agverdievna
2016
"The story of a New Year's toy."

Slide 2

goal: To acquaint children with the history of the appearance of a Christmas tree toy. Objectives: to educate children about what they used to decorate the Christmas tree before the advent of toys, who makes glass toys. develop dialogic speech, teach to answer questions with versatile sentences. Activate the dictionary (glass blower, glass, fragile, garland, tinsel, beads). cultivate curiosity, interest in toys from different times. to form the notion that toys are beating, it is necessary to handle them carefully. Materials: Christmas tree decorations, stencils "snowflake", "bell", "Christmas tree" scissors, glue, glue brush, ribbon, presentation "The story of a New Year's toy", CD with recording of New Year's melody music. snowman costume. Preliminary work: Reading poems about a Christmas tree and toys. Conversation about the New Year, a Christmas tree and a Christmas tree decoration. Drawing toys on a stencil, coloring. Creation of a mini museum "Christmas toys"

Slide 3

Course of the lesson 1. Organizational part.
The teacher conducts a word game (poems by E. Blaginina): There is one game for you: I'll start the poem now. I'll start and you finish! Answer in chorus. It's snowing in the yard, Soon a holiday ... (New Year). The needles glow softly, The coniferous spirit comes from ... (Christmas tree). The branches rustle faintly. The beads are bright ... (are on). And toys are swinging - Flags, stars ... (crackers). Educator: guys, soon there will be a fun holiday, what is it called? Children: "New Year!" Educator: Of course, well, what is the New Year without a tree? Educator: So the tree did not appear here by chance, but it seems to me that something is missing from it.
(A New Year's melody sounds; children enter the group).

Slide 4

Children: toys, jewelry. Educator: of course, we need to decorate the Christmas tree for the holiday. Educator: Guys, who is behind the Christmas tree? (The snowman comes out) Snowman: Hello, guys and adults. Educator: Hello snowman. Snowman: I came to you and the fairy forest for help. We have a beautiful Christmas tree in the forest, but we do not know how to decorate it, but I and the forest dwellers really want to decorate a Christmas tree for the holiday. Educator: Don't waste your snowman, the guys and I will help you.
Snowman: what do these toys look like?
Educator: Let's go with the guys to our museum, and you will see everything for yourself. (They look at toys, children recognize their own and talk about them.)
Educator: oh, do you know how Christmas tree toys appeared? Let us see our film about it. (Children sit on high chairs.) Slide show about the history of the Christmas tree decoration.

Slide 5

Slide 1: Educator: guys, do you know, you didn’t have such beautiful decorations on the Christmas tree then. It was decorated with what they could do themselves. And for this they baked gingerbread cookies, cookies, hung them on the Christmas tree and fruits (apples). And they also collected cones in the forest, gilded them and decorated the branches of the Christmas tree with them. And instead of garlands, real candles were put on the Christmas tree, and they were lit only on a holiday.

Slide 6

Slide 2: this is how many years ago the whole family gathered in the living room on New Year's Eve to decorate the Christmas tree. I think that now your whole family is preparing for this wonderful holiday.

Slide 7

Slide 3: a little more time passed and the toys were blown out of glass. And in our time, master glassblowers create real miracles. This is how glass toys appear: balls, animals, various objects, and images of people. And clever artists turn them into real works of art with their brushes.

Slide 8

Slide 4: Time changes, toys also change During the Second World War, Christmas tree decorations were produced: soldiers, tanks, pistols, dogs - orderlies. After the war, peaceful toys began to be produced: characters from fairy tales, Christmas tree hockey players, various animals. In the 50s, there was a fashion for glass beads, after the movie "Carnival Night" there were toys watches. In the exploration of space by mankind, there appeared: toys - satellites, astronauts, rockets, balls with paintings on a space theme. Nowadays, the design of toys has become more diverse: cones, pyramids, icicles, bells. Then they began to produce toys on clothespins.

Slide 9

Slide 5: With each era, unique toys were created. Homemade Christmas tree decorations were all the rage.

Slide 10

Slide 6: since ancient times, there has been a tradition to decorate the top of a Christmas tree with a star. In the 90s, many toys with the symbol of the coming year appeared. Today in the production of Christmas tree decorations there are: hand-painted balls, landscapes, paintings of the Russian winter, symbols.
Here's a story about a Christmas tree toy.

Slide 11

Now let's warm up. (Physical minute). "Herringbone" Waiting for a prickly beauty - drawing a Christmas tree with their hands In every house in December - making a house with their palms Lanterns will be lit on the branches - showing lanterns Sparks will splash in silver - hands overhead Immediately it will be festive in the house - fingers are protruding A round dance will spin - hold hands in a round dance Santa Claus is in a hurry with gifts - walking in a circle with a bag of imagination on his shoulder The New Year is coming! - waving their hands above.
Snowman: oh, how interesting it is here, I learned so much about toys that I wanted to decorate our Christmas tree even more. Educator: guys, let's help the snowman and make toys with our own hands .. (to the New Year's melody, children do the work on their own) Children come to the tables. A choice of stencils are taken from the "snowflake", "herringbone", "bell". They circle the stencil and cut out figures of New Year's toys. Then they make a small hole and stretch the ribbon so that you can hang the toys on the Christmas tree. Decorate the Christmas tree. Snowman: Thank you so much guys. Well, it's time for me to go back, get ready for the holiday. Educator: come to us next year, the guys and I will teach you how to make other Christmas tree decorations. Say goodbye to the snowman. Thank you for your attention!

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Slide captions:

story of Christmas toys

How Christmas tree decorations appeared In the distant past, all Christmas tree decorations were edible - waffle and sugar figurines, nuts, fruits and vegetables, sweets.

How Christmas tree decorations came into being. Toys were also made from rags, straw and colored ribbons.

How Christmas tree decorations appeared In the 18th century, colorful paper flowers and angels appeared. They gilded nuts and cones, painted eggshells, weaved chains.

How Christmas tree decorations appeared At the beginning of the 20th century, Christmas trees were decorated with cotton toys and paper garlands. Cotton toys were made of twisted pressed cotton, which was wound on skeletal frames in the shape of animals and people. The painted blanks were covered with starch paste with mica, which made them hard and slightly shiny.

How Christmas tree decorations appeared By the middle of the 20th century, the assortment of Christmas tree decorations had become very rich, although they were made from less efficient materials than today. But a lot of imagination was put into them. Various birds and animals were stamped from silvered cardboard.

How Christmas tree decorations appeared In the second half of the 20th century, the first Christmas balls were made from transparent or colored glass in Russia. Silver and gold dust was used to paint Christmas tree decorations. Each toy was handcrafted.

How Christmas tree decorations arose The fantasy of glassblowers knew no bounds: they made birds, Santa Clauses, grapes, as well as all sorts of things - whoever comes to mind: jugs, pipes, in which you could even play a pipe. Christmas tree decorations changed according to fashion.

How Christmas tree decorations came to be Produced toys depicting technology

How did Christmas tree decorations appear in the form of vegetables and fruits?

How Christmas tree decorations appeared in the form of space satellites and astronauts

How did the Christmas tree decorations appear in the form of Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden?

On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes

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Annotation to the presentation

Presentation work prepared by a primary school teacher based on the results of an excursion to a factory for the production of Christmas tree decorations. Illustrating his story with photographs from the scene, the teacher talks about the production and history of Christmas tree decorations.

Format

pptx (powerpoint)

Number of slides

Abarkina E.V.

Audience

Words

Abstract

Present

Purpose

• To teach a lesson by a teacher

Slide 1

Christmas decorations are made by hand at the Iney factory. It is very time consuming and hard work, but at the same time, it is extremely exciting. Even creating a simple New Year's ball or figurine requires a lot of effort. But first things first.

Slide 2

Let's walk through the workshops of the Christmas tree decorations factory and observe how ordinary glass tubes ...

Slide 3

… Turns into multi-colored toys - an indispensable attribute of the New Year's holiday.

Slide 4

Blowing

The hardest work for glass blowers. They sit all day near the burner, melt glass tubes, and blow balls out of them. It is very hot in the workshop and there is unbearable noise from the operating hood.

Slide 5

The glass tube must be melted as best as possible on the burner flame. Strange, but for some reason glassblowers do not use gloves. Although the glass gets very hot

Slide 6

Then you need to quickly blow out the ball.

Slide 7

Then by eye to evaluate the received copy. If it turns out to be crooked - again into the fire, and again to blow. If everything is ok, put the balloon in the box.

Slide 8

To make a figurine, a hot ball is placed in pincers and inflated directly into them.

Slide 9

As a result of the work of glassblowers, transparent Christmas-tree figures are obtained, which are ridiculously called - naked.

Slide 10

Metallization

And we move on to the next workshop, where the toys acquire a metallic sheen.

Slide 12

Glass blanks are inserted with "tails" into special tubes.

Slide 13

Then these tubes are put into the plating machine.

Why do you think there are cups in the car?

Slide 14

These cups are needed so that the Christmas balls acquire only half a metallic luster, and on the other side remain transparent. From such blanks, you can make, for example, a ball-aquarium: inside the ball there are algae from green rain and shiny fish.

Slide 15

The metalizing machine is very ancient, but it is protected in every possible way, since it was left alone at the enterprise. The second one broke.

And new equipment is very expensive.

How does it work?

Slide 16

Aluminum springs are attached to the top of the car. Inside, the temperature reaches 700 degrees. Steam is generated. Aluminum springs melt and aluminum vapors settle on the Christmas tree decorations. The machine closes for an hour and a half and the drum rotates for an hour and a half so that the toys are evenly covered with a mirror-like metallic shine.

Slide 17

Painting

In this workshop, workers dip already metallized Christmas tree decorations into buckets of paint. And this is what happens:

Slide 18

If the ball on one side should remain transparent, then it is not completely dipped in a bucket of paint, but only from the opaque side.

Then the balls dry for a while.

Slide 19

Then a stencil with a pattern is taken.

A ball is laid there and with the help of a can of paint, the stencil is transferred to the Christmas tree toy. On the ball, not a finished drawing is obtained, but only a layout, which the artists then paint.

Slide 21

That is why, after a walk through the factory in a toy store, customers have been picking out their balls and figurines for so long and meticulously. And one kid shouted: "Mom, I have chosen, I want this Santa Claus." “What is there to choose, they are all the same,” the mother was angry. "No, look, he winks at me, and the others - no."

Slide 22

The Artists' Hall is somewhat similar to a modern office. But instead of computers - boxes with toys, and instead of stationery - paints and brushes.

Slide 23

On the tables - gouache, acrylic paints, small beads, silver and gold powder.

Slide 24

The result is this beauty.

Slide 25

60s - 70s toys

Slide 26

70s toys

Slide 27

80s toys

Slide 28

Modern toy

Slide 29

Modern toy with rural landscape

Slide 30

Secrets of the production of Christmas decorations

The assortment is updated by 80% every year. And at number 5 there is always a toy with the symbol of the year. All this year, a ball was produced with the symbol of the next 2009 - a bull. Despite the fact that the year of the bull is just approaching, his kingdom ends at the factory of Christmas tree decorations. Immediately after the New Year - in January - a ball with a tiger will be launched into production, since 2010 is the year of the tiger. And the factory for the production of Christmas tree decorations has been working for the whole year only for the sake of one holiday.

Slide 31

GLASS - Handmade

Such an inscription with a hologram is on every toy, which is produced at the Pavlo-Posad factory of Christmas-tree decorations "Hoarfrost". But even without an inscription, any toy made here can be easily distinguished from the plastic Chinese balls with which all our stores are littered. It is strange, judging by how people are sweeping Chinese consumer goods off the shelves with excitement, there is still a demand for New Year's toys. The only pity is that large stores offer us something that costs them less and have little interest in quality.

The handmade glass toy is different. She is very beautiful and original.

View all slides

Abstract

"New Year's toy"

The tale of how the Christmas tree toy appeared.

An old production - a Christmas tree decorations factory is located in the village of Danilovo, south of Pavlovsky Posad on the road to Kurovskoye. Once the village belonged to the Samarin landowners of Novaya Zagarsk, who, however, came here only in the summer. All affairs were supervised by the manager. The peasants lived on their own, and also collected cranberries in the surrounding swamps, in the forests - mushrooms in huge baskets. They drove all this on carts to sell it to the bazaars in Pavlovo and Zagarye.

The artistic skills of the local population contributed to the fact that from the middle of the 19th century, a craft began to develop in the village - the manufacture and painting of a Christmas tree toy. The tree was set up for Christmas preceding the New Year. For the majority of the population of Russia, the New Year was a time of merry winter Christmas and children's holidays, so the Christmas tree toy had a “Christmastide” character. Christmas tree decorations were made picturesquely, brightly and decoratively. Decorating the tree itself became a family tradition, in which both children and adults took part. Gifts were collected for the Christmas tree, Christmas decorations were a welcome gift. Glass Christmas tree decorations have come into fashion since the middle of the 10th century. The peasants worked at home and used simple burners for blowing out, into which the wick was tightly packed. Kerosene was fed through it from the lower tank. To create a high-temperature flame from homemade leather furs, compressed air was pumped using the legs. The toys were blown out of glass tubes of various lengths and diameters. Before work, the dart was sorted and cut by hand using a knife or stone by the glassblower himself.

Often the whole family was engaged in the manufacture of glass Christmas tree decorations, the art of a glassblower and a painter was inherited. The growing demand increased the number of individual handicraftsmen making glass Christmas tree decorations. Owners appeared who set up small industries in their homes, where hired workers worked, who blew and painted glass Christmas tree decorations.

Glassblowers and painters began to unite in artels and small factories. Artel workers copied pre-revolutionary toys, created new ones. In the 60s - 70s on toys, in addition to the usual plots, they depicted the Moscow Kremlin, spaceships, Kremlin stars.

The current company "Iney" is a specialized production facility for the production of Christmas tree decorations. The company preserves and develops the unique traditions of the craft, which developed back in the pre-revolutionary times; the tradition of hand-blown and hand-painted Christmas tree decorations is preserved here.

The glassblower's profession is original, training takes place only at the enterprise, mastering this work takes time and certain abilities. The work of the glass blower behind the burner is the miraculous transformation of a glass tube into a ball, figurine, top, bell, etc. Currently, the plant employs over a dozen glass blowers. Over the years, whole dynasties have developed in this profession: the Knyazevs, Buzins, Zhuravlevs, Frolovs and others.

About thirty painters are engaged in artistic painting of toys. Kuzmins, Rumyantsevs, Demidkins and others have been working for generations. When painting glass Christmas-tree balls, various figures, multicolor brush brushstroke painting is used, with decorative trim in various materials. The balls are now depicted as before and snowflakes, and Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden; rural landscapes are very popular - trees, a church, houses, smoke over the chimney. Also, many toys are produced with the symbols of the year according to the eastern horoscope: depending on the year, funny goat, rooster, monkey, pig, bull are depicted on the balls.

The enterprise keeps samples of products produced in previous years, these samples serve as a methodological guide for young painters. Old subjects, traditional ornaments, sculptures of figurines are used by the masters of the plant when creating new products. Master-artists pay great attention to the natural possibilities of glass, various ways of decorating it. Glare play brightly on the smooth shiny surface of glass products, with the help of toys, the fabulousness, mystery of the New Year's holiday is created.

The message was prepared based on the materials of E.V. Zhukova

"New Year's toy"

... (Folk craft of the village of Danilovo)

Slide 2

The first decorated Christmas trees appeared a very long time ago - about 400 years ago in Germany. At first, Christmas tree decorations were only edible, but starting from the 17th century, more durable decorations began to be made: fir cones were gilded, empty eggshells were covered with the thinnest layer of chased brass. There were paper flowers and skillful crafts made of cotton wool, Christmas-tree fairies, graceful stars, butterflies and funny figures of animals appeared from silver foil, and tinsel was made from twisted tin wires. Lighted candles, which were attached to branches with a thin wire, were also considered fashionable decorations for the forest beauty at that time - alas, their warmth quickly melted wax Christmas tree decorations, so beloved in those days.

Slide 3

When did they start decorating the tree with New Year's balls? According to legend, once there was a poor harvest of apples, which were one of the main decorations on the Christmas tree. Then the believers came to the glassblowers with a request to make glass apples for the holiday. Since then, balls have been considered classics of Christmas tree decorations. It is reliably known that the first Christmas balls were made in 1848 in Lauscha in Thuringia (Germany). They were made of transparent or colored glass, covered with a layer of lead on the inside, and decorated with sparkles on the outside.

Slide 4

Gradually, the sale of Christmas decorations became a profitable business, and in 1867 a gas factory was opened here, whose artisans, using easy-to-adjust gas burners with very high-temperature flames, were already blowing out large thin-walled balls. Soon they began to make glass figurines - birds, bunches of grapes in ceramic forms, jugs, even pipes that could even be played with! Women and children painted the products of the craftsmen with gold and silver dust. But after a while glass was replaced by figures made of cardboard, toys with gold and silver embossing and hand-painted ones were especially popular. Even later, wooden decorations found their place on the tree.

Slide 5

In Russia, as you know, the custom of celebrating the New Year on the night of December 31 to January 1 was introduced by Tsar Peter the First, and he also commanded that the spruce should become the main New Year tree. But it was only in 1817 that the custom of dressing it up came, when for the royal holiday of the Nativity of Christ, a real green forest beauty was brought to the hall of the royal palace, on which gifts for the entire royal family and children could easily fit at one time. Gradually, the custom of decorating a Christmas tree for the winter holidays took root in the homes of rich people and those who are poorer. Over time, they began to organize public Christmas trees. The first public Christmas tree was arranged in 1852 in St. Petersburg. Almost all toys were imported to Russia from Germany. But there were also many handmade toys.

Slide 6

Slide 7

The most expensive toys were glass. In addition to glass, toys were made of cardboard. The “Dresden cardboard” was very popular - toys glued from two halves of convex painted cardboard. Beautiful dolls with paper faces glued to the "body" of fabric, lace, beads, and paper were also hung on the Christmas trees. By the 20th century, faces began to be made convex, made of cardboard, later - porcelain. There were toys made of cotton wool wound on a wire frame: this is how the figures of children, angels, clowns, sailors were decorated. On the trees they hung fake fruits made of papier-mâché and velvet.

Slide 8

Christmas decorations made of pressed cardboard.

Slide 9

Then Russian handicraftsmen in small artels began to produce toys from cotton wool, fabric, papier-mâché, glass ...

Slide 10

At the beginning of the 20th century, toys on various topics appeared. Soldiers, astronauts, cartoon characters and fairy tales, vegetables and fruits and much more were produced.

Slide 11

The craftsmen used glass tubes to collect beads, stars on Christmas tree tops and other toys.

Slide 12

For a long time, Christmas decorations continued to be made of cotton, paper and fabric.

Slide 13

The toys were hung by a string, on a clothespin ...

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Sold in sets and retail.

Slide 17

Father Frost and Snow Maiden were put under the tree

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Everywhere and always, for every nation and nationality, the New Year's garland is associated with the anticipation of the holiday. ... New Year's garland makes the holiday bright! Shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow, these Christmas tree decorations create a unique romantic atmosphere on a dark New Year's Eve or, on the contrary, become part of a noisy festive feast, giving joy to both children and adults.

Slide 21

One of the main Christmas tree novelties was electric garlands (by the way, the first garlands appeared in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century and were so expensive that they were more often rented than bought. At first, such a decoration was not at all harmless: garlands often caused a fire - lamp the glass became hot and the needles flared up. Over time, they began to be made from durable glass using persistent dyes).

Slide 22

electric garlands, previously representing a simple chain of light bulbs, today look much more aesthetically pleasing and more diverse. The original shape of the light bulb, "dressed" in snowflakes, flowers, berries, make electric garlands one of the most popular attributes of the New Year holiday, creating a festive mood in an instant.