This work is devoted to the problems of the emergence and functioning of various student communities within an educational institution. Particular attention is paid to the areas of activity and forms of organization of such associations, as well as their participation in the implementation of the goals of educational work. The problems of normative-legal regulation of the activity of youth public associations are noted and the ways of their solution are outlined.
Keywords:
Youth public associations, student communities, student self-government, educational space of the university, upbringing, student personality. Formation of the personality during the period of study at a higher educational institution is the most important stage of socialization of the young generation, associated with the upbringing of a socially mature personality. In this regard, there is a need for a systematic formulation of the educational process at the university, in which this field of activity appears in organic unity with the educational process and research training of students. The interrelation and interdependence of educational, scientific and educational work is determined by a whole set of qualities, attitudes and value orientations of the individual, which determine the professional and social competence of a specialist. An important aspect of the relationship between educational and educational tasks in the context of educational policy is the problem of social and psychological comfort in the student environment. Whether a student will acquire knowledge with joy and desire, and will thereby ensure high academic performance, not least of all depends on how relationships are built within educational teams, between students and the teaching staff, between students and the university administration. Only the cumulative effect of such conditions and means of education, as the creation of a favorable educational environment, the influence of the personality of the educator and his activities, personal and social-role communication, the active creative activity of students, correlated with the characteristics of their social-age period of development, can give a positive effect. In our opinion, now there are preconditions for transferring the process of upbringing students to the plane of their self-education, the development of motivational aspirations to achieve the set goal (according to our observations, their level in most students is quite low). Today, universities are in demand and are used in the educational process of the ideas of such famous teachers as A.A.Zakharenko, I.A.Zimnyaya, I.P. Ivanov, I.S. Yakimanskaya, E.A. Yamburg and others. In educational systems of universities, the recognition of the individual as the highest social value is reflected, each of which has its own uniqueness and originality. A significant role in the formation of a future specialist and socially mature personality is played by the system of educational work in a higher educational institution, one of the integral components of which should be collective self-organization in the student environment. To one degree or another, it has always been inherent in student youth, regardless of whether it acquired the real status of student self-government or not.
Most student informal communities operate on the principle of student self-government. In general, student self-government can be viewed as a special form of proactive, independent social activity of students, aimed at solving important issues of the life of student youth, the development of their activity, and support for social initiatives. In scientific works, the process of functioning of student communities within higher educational institutions is reflected in the works of I.A.Vintin, N.V. Romanova, N.M. Stasenko, T.V. Lesina, regional and specific innovative approaches to the development of student activity in various forms are reflected in the works of A.F.Sharafeeva, N.T.Shafigullina, B.P. Dementyev, O. P. Kuznetsova, L.P.Shigapova, N.N.
A balanced combination of administrative management of an educational institution with the introduction of student self-government mechanisms can lead to effective solutions. The very modern understanding of student self-government assumes that students have their own permanent representation, enshrined in the relevant regulations, in various governing and public structures of the university. And the tasks of educational structures in this case are to facilitate the interaction of all student self-government bodies operating in the educational institution, to unite and coordinate their efforts. At the same time, one should not allow leveling their independence, substituting their functions, ignoring their decisions. Currently, there are a huge number of forms of student self-government within educational institutions of different levels, ranging from the officially registered primary trade union organization of students, and ending with small student associations created at the level of the faculty or a separate academic group.
It is important to note the difference in concepts between public youth (student) associations and informal student communities. The main difference is that it is customary to call youth public associations such corporations, the form of organization of which implies official registration with the regional justice authorities, the functioning of a personal account, the position of an accountant, a charter, etc. But in practice, we have a huge number of different youth structures that do not have official registration, which, despite this, call themselves public associations. In fact, they belong to informal student communities that are not officially registered but, nevertheless, are actively working in various areas and within all kinds of corporate structures, which include higher education institutions. Such associations most often have one fundamental document regulating their activities and approved by the administration of the educational institution, as a rule, this is a charter or regulation.
Within the framework of the functioning of the educational system of the university, three main levels of organization of student informal public associations can be distinguished;
1. Academic - characterized by the fact that student communities at this level are formed on the basis of a separate academic group of students. They are organized on the initiative of student leaders, and, as a rule, are supported by curators from among teachers. Such associations can take part in university events at various levels.
2. Faculty - formed from the number of students of the faculty of various courses, based on the communities of the academic level. Such associations take part in solving problems of various orientations at their level and participate in interfaculty events at a higher educational institution.
3. University-wide - supposes such a form of organization of student communities, in which students from various faculties take part in their activities. It is important to emphasize the fact that officially registered youth public associations may exist at this level, such as the primary trade union organization of students or various student councils. These associations are called upon to solve problems at the university level, often in close cooperation with the administration.
It is important to note the inextricable link between all three levels of organization of student associations. As a rule, there is a continuity of personnel at all levels and collective participation in various extracurricular activities. Students who have shown themselves most vividly within the framework of the informal academic community become organizers and inspirers of faculty and university-wide projects. Various student groups, united in some other informal student associations, are called upon to solve a wide range of tasks related to the process of teaching and upbringing within the framework of a higher educational institution.
In general, all officially registered and informal student associations operating within the university can be conditionally divided into two main groups.
1. Student organizations created within the university, one way or another subordinate to the administration of the university and designed to solve problems within the corporate student community. They can be created both at the initiative of a group of students and directly by the administration.
2. Youth associations of the regional or federal level, carrying out activities within the framework of a separate educational institution in order to realize their goals and objectives, often associated with youth policy. Such communities include youth political associations (Nashi, Molodaya Gvardiya) and public associations (Trade Union of Students, Russian Youth Union, Headquarters of Youth Activists, Youth Parliament, etc.). As a rule, representatives of this group of associations coordinate their activities with the administration of the educational institution and their work, one way or another, solves problems within the framework of the concept of educational activities.
Communities of both groups can have the status of both an official public association and an informal one, but in practice, within the framework of a university, it is rare to see an officially registered youth association created and functioning within a separate educational institution. Student communities can also be conditionally divided into constructive and destructive. Destructive organizations often carry out clandestine activities and are extremely dangerous for the functioning of the educational system as a whole.
When organizing student communities at a university, the task is not only to solve educational problems, but also to actively involve young people in practical activities. As a result of the functioning of student associations, a lot of concrete work is carried out and at the same time students receive a huge moral charge, acquire experience, organizational skills and professional knowledge. In general, the areas of activity of student associations can be conditionally divided into four main groups:
1. Social direction. One of the most massive, to which, in the first place, should be attributed to the primary trade union organizations operating on the basis of a higher educational institution. As a rule, almost all students are union members with rare exceptions. This community has its own representatives at different levels, which are subordinate to the chairman, elected from among the students. The trade union committee is engaged in the protection of the rights and social support of students.
This area also includes the volunteer movement, which in one form or another exists in almost every educational institution. Basically, the headquarters of volunteer units is under the jurisdiction of the trade union, since it corresponds to the direction of its activities. Student volunteer teams are created spontaneously at different levels and are supported by the university administration, since this activity is of a constructive educational nature and correlates with the concept of educational work in general, in addition, a large number of all kinds of student associations, such as the Association of Orphans Students, should also be attributed to the social direction. student council of hostels, headquarters of construction brigades that solve student problems of a social nature within the framework of their competence.
2. Creative direction. Covers a large number of students seeking to show their creativity during the period of study. In many universities, a special administrative structure is being created to unite all creative teams operating in the student community, since the process of forming and establishing such groups is spontaneous. At the Ryazan State University named after S. A. Yesenin, for example, there is a center for creativity and leisure of students at the department of extracurricular work, which coordinates and develops this direction.
3. Sports direction. First of all, this should include sports teams of academic, faculty and university level operating within the framework of the university. This direction is massive and is organized under the leadership of a sports club. Student sports teams not only represent their university or faculty at competitions of different levels, but they themselves can initiate sports events. There are officially registered public associations at the regional level that function in this direction and have their representation in various educational institutions. 4. Scientific direction. In almost every educational institution there is a student scientific society that coordinates the work of all youth structures working in this field within the educational institution. This direction of student associations is of a systemic nature and is fully supported by the administration. Officially registered public associations can also exist here, which allows them to receive grant support and participate in systemic project activities.
Separately, it should be said about student councils of various levels, which are student self-government bodies and solve problems both within the framework of extracurricular educational activities and the learning process. Often, this is the main coordinating student body, which, together with the educational structures of the university, participates in the development of student self-government. It is important to emphasize that almost all student public associations in the structure of a higher educational institution in one way or another operate in the system of student self-government, with the exception of organizations created at the initiative of administrative structures with subsequent systemic leadership.
Discussion political clubs are becoming one of the forms of organizing student activity. They are based on the amateur and creative initiative of their members, they are voluntary propaganda associations of students. The main functions of the political discussion clubs of students are as follows: in-depth study and promotion of the works of famous philosophers and economists, normative documents; testing new forms and instilling self-government skills in students; introduction to civil liability; development of public speaking skills; participation in the development of professional skills.
Despite the principles of student self-government, a significant role in the organization and formation of student associations belongs to administrative educational structures. Helping young people to acquire skills first of performing, and then of organizational activity, forming their managerial potential, educational structures cultivate the soil on which subsequently the craving for initiative and self-organization grows. It is very important that conditions were created to satisfy the widest range of interests of student youth, from diverse scientific circles, sections of physical culture and amateur performances to amateur associations of interests and public organizations.
As the student environment develops, the most energetic, active core - the student asset - begins to form in it. Hence, one of the essential tasks that the educational system of the university must solve is to ensure the spiritual and professional growth of the organizers of the entire complex of this activity: leaders of circles and sections, leaders of student organizations, etc. work, but also the simultaneous preparation of partners for the organization of this activity from among the most active student youth.
Effective and efficient work of student public associations is impossible without consolidating their status in the structure of a given educational institution. And here a lot depends on the position and interest of the administration of the educational institution, which should help members of the student community become full participants in the entire university life. The feeling of one's own powerlessness, the impossibility of really influencing educational and social processes in an educational institution often leads to passivity, lack of initiative of students and conflict with the administration.
A significant role in the democratization of the educational structure of the university is played by officially registered public associations that carry out their activities within the student collective, since only this form of organization can effectively influence the processes occurring within the educational institution. It is important to emphasize that here we mean constructive youth associations operating at the regional or federal level, since student trade union organizations are not always ready to solve students' problems, as they are afraid to go into confrontation with the administration. The charter of each higher educational institution obliges the governing bodies to organize the activities of trade unions and facilitate their functioning up to the provision of all the necessary material and technical base and premises. Primary trade union organizations are subordinate to the regional committee of trade unions, although in fact they are under the full control of the university administration. Therefore, in our opinion, an effective stimulus for the development of student and youth communities could be amendments to the statutes of universities, in order to legislatively consolidate the activities of constructive youth associations within the educational institution, on a par with the student union.
In conclusion, it should be said that all structures of extracurricular activities can be effective in terms of self-realization of students, subject to a number of factors. The most important among them are: a well-thought-out and theoretically grounded concept, the inclusion of students in self-government procedures and instilling in them a sense of responsibility, the presence of an appropriate regulated infrastructure. First of all, a university student must be able to make decisions on his own and understand his active role in this process.
NOTES:
1. Kosaretskaya SV, Sinyagina N. Yu. On informal youth associations. -M .: Vlados, 2004.
2. Balykhin GA The modern stage of modernization of Russian education and the problems of development of the student movement // Bulletin of youth policy. Special issue, 2005.
3. Platova, E. E. Education of students in modern conditions: problems and ways of their solution / E. E. Platova, F. Yu. Safin, V. V. Fortunatov. - SPb .: GUAP, 2006.
4. Sokolovskaya OV Formation of the group as the main goal of student self-government // Pedagogy of higher and secondary special schools. - Minsk, 1988.
5. Propp V. The concept of educational work // Higher education in Russia. -2007. -No. 1.
6. Normative and legal foundations of educational work: collection of materials / under total. ed. A. N. Kozlova. - Ryazan, 2007.
7. Kostenko S. Models of life-affirming adaptation of students in the university // Higher education in Russia.-2007.-№ 7.
8. Vintin IA Pedagogical foundations of social self-determination of students in extracurricular activities in a higher educational institution: Dis. ... Dr. ped. sciences. -Saransk, 2006.
D.A. Bokov Russian scientific journal No. 6 (..2011)

Student associations

Student men's and women's organizations(English fraternities and sororities - letters of brotherhood and sisterhood, from the Latin words frater - brother and soror - sister) - public organizations of students of higher educational institutions. In English, this term corresponds mainly to community organizations in colleges and universities in North America, although it is also used in similar European groups, where they are better known by the word corporations... Similar organizations exist for secondary school students. In the modern formulation, the expression translated from English roughly as organization named in Greek letters practically equivalent to the terms "brotherhood" and "sisterhood".

For the most part, "organizations named in Greek letters" are divided into male and female, membership in these organizations implies active activity only during the last years of study at a higher educational institution, although there are exceptions to this rule. For example, members' academic and community activism in black and Hispanic student associations continues beyond their undergraduate and graduate degrees. Some groups also hold so-called "meetings", primarily for the purpose of financial assistance to students for food and living.

Terminology

Nowadays, the term "Organization of Greek letters" became synonymous with the so-called North American "fraternities" and "sisterhoods." The term “brotherhood” in colloquial speech is abbreviated to “frat” (the use of this term in some contexts can be derogatory), which more often refers only to the male group, while the term “sisterhood”, respectively, to the female group. However, some girl groups call themselves “fraternities” such as the Alpha Delta Pi, Phi Mu, Alpha Omicron Pi, Alpha Xi Delta, Delta Delta Delta, Delta Zeta Kappa, Alpha Theta Zeta, Tau Alpha Alpha, Pi Delta Gamma, Pi Beta Phi, Sigma Alpha Iota, and Kappa Kappa Gamma. In addition to this, some groups calling themselves “fraternities” may be mixed, such as Kappa Kappa Psi. The same is well known about groups that call themselves "sisters" - Gamma Phi Beta, Mu Phi Epsilon, Chi Omega and Tau Beta Sigma.

In keeping with the ambiguous nature of the terms "brotherhood" and "sisterhood", with respect for gender and sexuality in the use of the word "brotherhood" for the aforementioned organizations, it has become commonplace to use it synonymously with "Greek letter organizations" since the vast majority of "brotherhoods" and "sisterhoods" »Denote themselves in Greek letters. A recent example of this use of the terms is the historical “Greek Letter Organization for Blacks (BGLOS)” and “Greek Letter Organization for Hispanics (LGOS)”. However, most of those organizations that do not identify themselves with Greek letters are simpler and have characteristics similar to those of “Greek letter organizations”.

The term “social fraternity” is used to distinguish between fourth-year graduates and graduates, often community groups and other organizations, many of which have Greek names: honor societies, academic circles, and active “fraternities” and “sisterhoods”.

The names of the North American "fraternities" and "sisters" are composed primarily of two or three capital letters of the Greek alphabet. For this reason, “fraternities” and “sisterships” refer to the term “organization of Greek letters” and are described not by nouns but by adjectives. For example, "Greek society", "Greek system", "Greek life" or the designation of members of the organization - "Greeks". Individual “brotherhoods” and “sisterships” are often referred to as the “Greek home”, or simply “home”. It can be said that these terms are being used incorrectly, since the phrase with the word “home” can be attributed to the physical property of the community, and not all “brotherhoods” and “sisterships” have their own general assemblies.

The use of Greek letters began with the Phi Beta Kappa (then a public fraternity and today an honorary society) at the College of William and Mary. There are other variations of the names - some student groups do not use Greek letters. Examples include the Acacia, FarmHouse and Triangle fraternities, as well as target clubs, refectory clubs, secret societies in the Ivy League (Skull and Bones at Yale and others).

List of "Greek letter organizations"

Theta Nu Epsilon Community Attributes

Brotherhoods Theta Chi 1856 Zeta Psi 1870 Phi Delta Theta 1873 Chi Phi 1875 Delta Kappa Epsilon 1876 Beta Theta Pi 1879 Phi Gamma Delta 1881 Sigma Nu 1892 Chi Psi 1895 Delta Upsilon 1896 Alpha Tau Omega 1900 Theta Delta Chi 1900 Kappa Sigma 1901 Sigma Phi Epsilon 1901 Acacia 1905 Kappa Delta Rho 1905 Alpha Delta Phi 1908 Delta Chi 1910 Alpha Sigma Phi 1913 Lambda Chi Alpha 1913 Sigma Pi 1913 (since 1894 it was known as the Pirate Club) Phi Kappa Tau 1921 (known as Orund Club from 1916) Zeta Beta Tau 1921 Alpha Phi Alpha 1922 Pi Lambda Phi 1922 Pi Alpha Phi 1926 Alpha Gamma Omega 1938 Alpha Phi Omega 1939 Kappa Alpha Psi 1947 Alpha Epsilon Pi 1949 Lambda Theta Phi 1975 Lambda Phi Epsilon 1988 Alpha Xi Omega 1997 (since 1914 known as Alpha Kappa Lambda) Mu Omicron Zeta 1992 Delta Tau Delta Pi kappa alpha Pi Kappa Phi 1904 Sigma Alpha Epsilon Sigma alpha mu Sigma chi Sigma Phi 1912 Tau kappa epsilon Kappa Gamma Alpha 2010 Theta xi Phi Sigma Alpha 1928 Sigma theta pi Sigma Phi Delta

Sisters Kappa Kappa Gamma 1880 Kappa Alpha Theta 1890 Gamma Phi Beta 1894 Chi Omega 1895 Pi Beta Phi 1900 Delta Delta Delta 1900 Alpha Phi 1901 Alpha Omicron Pi 1907 Delta Gamma 1907 Alpha Xi Delta 1909 Alpha Chi Omega 1909 Sigma Kappa 1910 Alpha Delta Pi 1913 Alpha Gamma Delta 1915 Delta Zeta 1915 Zeta Tau Alpha 1915 Phi Mu 1916 Kappa Delta 1917 Delta Sigma Theta 1921 Alpha Kappa Alpha 1921 Alpha Epsilon Phi 1923 Alpha Delta Chi 1929 Delta Phi Epsilon 1948 Alpha kappa delta phi Sigma Omicron Pi Sigma phi omega

Types of "Greek letter organizations"

Alpha Epsilon Pi home on the University of Illinois campus

Most of the "organizations of Greek letters" are public organizations that identify themselves as societies and help their members in the social aspect and in the process of adaptation in society after graduation from a higher educational institution.

The variety of "Greek letter organizations" is great, from large gatherings to small groups. Their activities can be aimed at socially useful aspects, professional improvement, and the achievement of scientific results.

Certain organizations are established purely religious, such as the Christian organizations Alpha Chi Rho and Lambda Chi Alpha; Jewish brotherhoods Zeta Beta Tau, Alpha Epsilon Pi, Sigma Alpha Mu were created in response to the restrictive foundations and laws that existed at one time in many social brotherhoods. These laws prohibited Jewish polemics within the community, so the question naturally arose of creating a society for individual Jewish groups on the one hand and the formation of a non-discriminatory society on the other.

In addition, there are culturally and multicultural organizations. For example, Pho Psi, the first Chinese fraternity founded in 1916 at Cornell University, and Sigma Iota, a Spanish fraternity founded in 1904 at the University of Louisiana. The latter recently merged with another Spanish fraternity to form the new organization Phi Iota Alpha. The oldest Latin American community, dating back to 1931, is the Phi Sigma Alpha brotherhood of people from Puerto Rico, which also has traces of Phi Iota Alpha roots. There are currently 23 Latin American fraternities in the National Association of Latin American Brotherhood Organizations. There are a number of black "fraternities" and "sisters", however, black students do not distance themselves explicitly or implicitly from white organizations.

There are organizations for individual classes, but these are usually different from the "Greek letter organizations" - in the old institutions, their organization is simpler. In the northeast, there is the only surviving alumni society, Teta Mu Epsilon, created especially for sophomore college students. Many high school societies have also survived in some places, but they are often referred to not as public but as secret organizations.

Charity

Charity is an obligatory part of the program of activities of "Greek letter organizations" and is supported by all their active members who either organize events to replenish general funds (funds), or community members voluntarily volunteer to carry out any social program adopted at the next community meeting. All these activities are beneficial to both academia and society itself. Long-term partnerships are possible between the various “brotherhoods” or “sisters”, and there is one nationwide charity that raises funds for the treatment of illness, injury and other forms of social and medical assistance.

Some communities own third-party organizations, which in turn do philanthropic activities, for example, Pi Kappa Phi owns Rush America, which in turn works directly with people with disabilities and disabilities. Phi Sigma Alpha is owned by the Sigma Foundation, Alpha Delta Phi supports the Ronald McDonald House as a voluntary act of national philanthropy, Gamma Phi Beta supports Camp Fire USA, and Zeta Tau Alpha supports the Susan G. Komen Foundation.

Competition and cooperation

Previously, student fraternal societies seriously competed among themselves in the pursuit of academic achievements and for the sake of all kinds of other bonuses and benefits. From the outside, the process of competition looked like the division of student groups into opposing camps within the same educational institution, which, generally speaking, has survived to this day. In theory, rivalry is limited only to noble goals, such as increasing the charitable foundations of organizations, the scope of socially useful projects, and sports competitions between student groups.

Currently, more and more emphasis is placed not on competition, but on cooperation between student associations. One of the main events in the framework of establishing partnerships between groups was the creation almost a hundred years ago of the Inter-Brotherhood National Conference, the main tasks of which were to reduce the number of intergroup student conflicts, destructive rivalry and inspire members of organizations to a human relationship to members of other "brotherhoods" and "sisters" , as well as search and work in areas of common interest. The Panhellenic National Council today has a similar goal of uniting the members of all "sisterhoods".

Structure

Most "Greek letter organizations" were originally limited to a single campus, with an organization that had only one congregation called local... Later, this congregation could preside over congregations of the same name on other campuses, after the creation of the first congregation, the local should be considered national... With more than 180 years of student body history, North America now boasts several large national organizations with hundreds of governing congregations. Two or more national organizations can merge and become one big The National, while international National brotherhoods are possible, an example of which is one of the associations, the main meetings of which are held in Canada. Local organizations can apply to one of the existing national organizations and join that organization, severing all ties with the former local organization. Recently, this has become the preferred method for the dissemination of national organizations, since their members have already formed a powerful association, live on campus, but for some reason want to change their name, symbols and even their own structure.

The central cells (offices, offices) of the organization are also collectively called national. Nationals can make specific demands on individual assemblies to standardize paraphernalia and overall coordination of action plans, taking into account many factors such as the membership of an individual assembly, housing and financial situation. The implemented policy is approved by the statutory bodies of student associations. “Organizations of Greek letters” can declaratively be governed by the main meeting of the members of the association, but in fact, almost all decisions are made by the central cells, which in turn report to the board of trustees and the legislative council, which consists of periodic rotating delegates from different assemblies.

Rituals and symbols

Most "Greek letter organizations" today maintain traditions that are largely symbolic in nature, and jealously guard the secrets and secrets of their rituals. Traditions include community initiation ceremonies, passwords, personal songs and hymns, special handshakes, different forms of greetings, and more. Meetings of active community members are always kept secret and are not discussed without the formal approval of the entire group. The motto of each organization is formed according to the first Greek letters of the name.

Greek letter organizations often have a number of their own identifying symbols: colors, flags, coats of arms and seals.

Pins and badges

Community Pin Alpha Kappa Alpha

Student association token pins are popular collectibles, even by people who have never been a member before. There are even collector groups such as Collect More Pins, whose members collect thousands of these treasures at auction value of tens of thousands of dollars in private collections while Kappa Gamma's Key Keeper members search for lost and stolen badges and return them to their previous owners.

According to some data (Martin, 1918), the following funds were private depositories of the collections of student associations in the late 19th - early 20th centuries: D.L Auld Co of Columbus, L.G Balfour Co. Of Attleboro, Mass. "," Burr, Patterson and Co. of Detroit ”,“ Upmeyer Company of Milwaukee ”,“ A.H Fetting Co. of Baltimore, Hoover and Smith Co. of Philadelphia "," O.C Lanpher of Galesburg, III. "," Miller Jewelry Co. of Cincinnati, J.F Newman of New-York, Edward Roehm of Detroit and Wright, Kay and Co. of Detroit ". In modern times, the most widely known collection funds (treasuries) Herff Jones, Jostens and Balfour. The treasury collection initials are usually found on the back of pins and badges, along with the person's name and the name of the student body to which he belonged. The history of the fraternities' treasury is important in determining the age of unknown jewelry.

Pins and badges belonging to student fraternities and sisterhoods are used as symbols of student societies.

Coats of arms

Theta Delta Beta community coat of arms

The overwhelming majority of "brotherhoods" and "sisters" have developed their own coats of arms for the heraldic identification of their communities. The most striking and non-standard coats of arms were published in the annual reporting meetings of the societies from 1890 to 1925. Some of the coats of arms were engraved and also published in the collection records. Coats of arms engravings range in size from a square inch to a full page. Many of these engravings date from the period of their creation.

The engravings of the coats of arms of the associations were made by carving lines on metal and wood for printed reproduction. The earliest known engravings are printed on paper from this period and date from the 16th century, while most were made in the 1800s on metal stamped into a piece of steel or iron. In the early 1990s, engravings began to be made in a simpler way - using photo engravings for subsequent printing of coats of arms.

Other accessories

Members of "Greek letter organizations" often wear various items of clothing (shirts, trousers), bags, jewelry, key chains and other items with the appropriate symbolism of belonging to student associations. Shirts and other garments are often used in “brotherhood” and “sisterhood” initiation ceremonies, with either a piece of clothing or an entire set of clothing selected for the ceremony. The items themselves can be more than 10-15 years old and in some associations the younger members of the community must fight for ownership of them; it is considered an honor to have the oldest attributes of society. In a number of educational institutions, it is considered unacceptable (and sometimes completely forbidden) to wear clothing with the attributes of the student community in cases where its owner abuses alcohol. In all communities, it is considered completely dishonest to wear student paraphernalia when the owner is currently drunk.

For most communities, there is a taboo on the use of paraphernalia by individuals outside the student association. The pins and badges themselves are not worn all the time, some communities limit the time they are worn during the student holidays, others outside the classroom, and still others may not have any hard and fast rules.

Accommodation

It is noteworthy that among the majority of student organizations living on campuses, members of public "Greek letter organizations" often live separately from everyone in a large building (house) or in a remote part of the university village. This helps to emphasize the bond of sibling and sisterhood and to provide a meeting place for members and alumni. Considering the factor of the cost of housing, it is usually owned or rented by former members of the community who have a steady steady income in their main job, or an organization or company associated with the community. Some of these houses have restrictions on outside visits, and some organizations categorically prohibit or severely restrict the drinking of alcohol in these houses. A number of colleges have communities that do not have their own separate housing, but have a separate area where festive tables are set for community members and their guests for special occasions.

Introduction to the "organization of Greek letters"

The process of joining can vary from organization to organization. The initiation procedures themselves are governed by the National Panhellenic (Panhellenic) Council or the North American Council of International Fraternity, which regulates the recruiting organizations during the so-called "peak week", consisting of activities designed for potential members to get to know each other and with the organization itself ...

At the end of this period, the organization gives the go-ahead and invites new recruits to join its ranks, with most organizations assigning a probationary period for new recruits before going through the full membership initiation procedure. Some communities have changed the term "probation" due to negative interpretations of the process of testing new recruits, or even abandoned the process to the great joy of new recruits joining the organization. By the end of the probationary period and the fulfillment of the entry requirements, active members invite the probationers to the organization. Initiation often includes secret ceremonies and rituals.

Organizations governed by the Panhellenic National Council, the National Association of Latin American Brotherhood Organizations and the National Multicultural Greek Council are carrying out the process of renewing their ranks in different ways. Requirements can be assigned to everyone who wants to pass the probationary period at school or their own organization. Often these requirements include a minimum set of simple questions, such as rules for wearing a safety pin, learning about the structure and history of the organization, and rules for conducting events. When a school announces age and admission requirements, this is called conditional recruitment, since admission is postponed for an entire semester or even a year. The probationary period serves as a verification period for the probationer to test compatibility and gain a general newbie experience with the community.

Controversial issues and criticism

Bullying problems

Counteraction

Some educational institutions metaphorically anathematized "Greek letter organizations" with full confidence that these organizations were not like other student groups formed in a natural and democratic way in their structure and methods of management.

The most famous episodes were the events of 1980 at Princeton University. In the recent past, fraternities were also banned at William and Amherston colleges, although the Amherst fraternity is now again fully legal.

Victoria University and the University Student Council jointly demanded a formal ban on the functioning of student fraternities.

North American Greek Letter Organizations in Other Regions

Student "Greek letter organizations" exist almost exclusively in the United States and English-speaking universities in Canada, as well as in educational institutions in the Caribbean, Africa and France. The most ramified "Greek system" in the world has the University of Illinois with its 69 "brotherhoods" and 36 "sisters". The famous African American "sister" Sigma Gamma Hu has branches at universities in the Virgin Islands, Germany and Bermuda. For a short time, a small Si Phi group operated in Edinburgh (Scotland).

During the American Civil War, student associations functioned mainly to create material support for students abroad, during and after World War II - to help American military personnel - former students of US educational institutions.

The first student association in Africa was the Zeta Phi Beta African American "sisterhood", founded in Washington, DC and inaugurated its own "Greek letter organization" in 1948 in Africa. The Zeta Phi Beta sisterhood currently has branches in the United States, Africa, Europe and the Caribbean.

Zeta Psi has several branches in Canada and one group in Germany, Sigma Teta Pi exists in Canada and France. Puerto Rico has a number of social “fraternities” and “sisterhoods” with branches in the United States, such as the Phi Sigma Alpha organization. There are also many branches of associations from the United States, for example, the "brotherhood" and "sisterhood" of the student organization Sigma Lambda Beta International.

The history of the emergence of communities

Phi Beta Kappa Building at William and Mary College

House of "brotherhood" Phi Tau

Start

The first student "organization of Greek letters" Phi Beta Kappa was formed on December 5, 1776 at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. The Society was founded by John Hiff, who failed when he tried to join two "Latin letter fraternities" (the Flat Hats Club and the Please Don't Ask group). The main achievements of Phi Beta Kappa are the use of Greek capital letters in the name of the society and the establishment of branches of the congregation on different student campuses, following the pattern set by the Masonic lodges.

However, Phi Beta Kappa differed from typical modern college fraternities in that membership was for high school students only, and neophyte students entering higher education continued their membership in the community. The annual Phi Beta Kappa rituals at Yale University were public performances with many student participants, including university alumni. As the influence of Phi Beta Kappa spread throughout the university's faculties, the community began to select candidates for the community from multiple campuses, and membership quickly became a matter of honor for many students.

The growing influence of society inevitably gave rise to conflicts with the leadership of the university, since the ideas of society were inherently considered undemocratic for that time. In the appendix of the book, published in 1831, there is an interesting point describing the secrets of Phi Beta Kappa, which included a number of anti-Masonic concepts. Phi Beta Kappa was later reduced in size to the status of a community fraternity and today the organization is an honorary community known and respected throughout the student community.

At the beginning of the 18th century, there was another student organization, the so-called College of Literary Societies or "Latin Society". At the same time, small branches of the organization were created like private companies, and the larger ones were already managed by the entire campus of the university campus. These organizations used both Latin and Greek letters and phrases, held general meetings, chose their own leadership, operated private libraries, and eventually became a model for later university fraternities.

The Chi Phi student body was founded on December 24, 1824 at Princeton University, New Jersey, on three main principles of community: truth, honor and integrity of the individual. After some time, the activities of this community ceased for several years, and at the same time (November 26, 1825) another Kappa Alpha society was founded at Schenectady United College (New York). This community in its organization had a number of elements of a modern brotherhood, and at that time was considered an ideal model for the creation and development of other student communities.

The founders of Kappa Alpha adopted a lot from the practice of the Phi Beta Kappa community, but made their organization exclusively student and tightened the procedure for initiating newcomers. Alongside the Kappa Aplha, two more rival fraternities were formed on campus: the Sigma Phi, formed in March 1827, and the Delta Phi, which arose a little later. These three organizations were later named the Union of the Triad.

National scale

Sigma Phi became the first national "brotherhood", opening a second meeting at Hamilton College in 1831. This act inspired Alpha Delta Phi in 1832 to establish their second society in Hamilton. The Beta Delta Pi Society was founded at the University of Miami in August 1839. Alpha Sigma Pi was founded in December 1845 at Yale University, followed by Phi Delta Gamma in 1848, and Sigma Chi in 1855. Along with Beta Theta Pi, these three fraternities are referred to as the "Miami Triad". Around the same time, the Jefferson Duo was formed at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, consisting of Phi Gamma Delta (1848) and Phi Kappa Psy (1852).

In 1837, the Mystical Seven community was founded at Wesley University, and in 1841 the first student fraternity meetings were established in the South of the United States. In 1856, the Sigma Alpha Epsilon community was created at the University of Alabama - the only brotherhood since the slave-owning South that is still active.

Further, the creation of new and the development of already established student associations was suspended due to the Civil War in the United States. During the war, only one community was founded - on April 29, 1864, the Theta Xi society was created at Renselaar Polytechnic Institute. After the end of the Civil War, the creation of new and the development of the former associations of students underwent rapid growth, the peak of which occurred at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. The main reasons for the growth were the opening of a large number of new educational institutions and the replenishment of the student community at the expense of veterans and students who returned from the war.

"Sisters"

Before the Alpha Xi Delta Sisterhood Meeting

Many of the first women's societies were formed not according to the principle of "brotherhoods", but according to the structure of the female version of all-Latin literary societies.

In 1851, the Adelphian Society (now Alpha Delta Pi) was founded at Wesleyan College, Macon, Georgia. A year later, at the same college, the Philomathean Society was created, later called Phi Mu. The Adelphian and Philomathean Societies were not called then by Greek letters and until 1904 did not apply to the entire college campus. Many aspects of Alpha Delta Pi and Phi Mu paraphernalia (such as the stars on the palm and badges, the lion's talisman) simply stem from the fact that their founders were roommates.

On April 25, 1867, the L.C Sisterhood was founded at Montmouth College, Illinois, later changing its name to the Greek version of Phi Beta Pi. This "sisterhood" was the first women's student organization to follow the model of a male student "brotherhood". A year later, the society founds its second meeting at Wesleyan College.

In the mid-1800s, women began to be enrolled in previously exclusively male universities and all kinds of harassment of female students did not take long. There is a version that the first “sisterhood” was created in an attempt to neutralize negative male opposition (Turk, 2004), however, a number of researchers disagree with this version. The first women's "Greek letter organization" was Kappa Alpha Theta, founded in 1870 at DePo University.

The term "sisterhood" was first used in 1874 by Professor Frank Smoli to refer to the female "organization of Greek letters" Gamma Phi Beta at Syracuse University. In 1872 the second Alpha Phi "sisterhood" was established at the same university, these three communities constituted the so-called "Syracuse Triad". The first female student community to formally adopt the word "sisterhood" was the Sigma Kappa Society, founded in November 1974 at Colby College (Waterville).

Somewhat later, Alpha Kappa Alpha, Lambda Theta Alpha, Alpha Phi Omega were created - "sisters" for African Americans, Latin Americans and Native Americans, respectively. In 1913, the Phi Sigma Sigma community was formed at Hunt College (New York), becoming the first non-denominational "sisterhood" to accept any woman into its ranks, regardless of her race, religion, economic status and social status.

In 1917, at New York University Law School, five female law students founded the Delta Phi Epsilon Sisterhood. Currently, only graduate students can be active active members of this organization.

Dear freshman, in this article you will learn more about the assets of our university. We will show you that student life is not limited only to study, there are many different areas of activity where you can demonstrate your talents and learn something new.

Volunteer Center

In MGSU, any asset helps to prove themselves, to show their talents and qualities. If you think that kindness is a real talent, and the willingness to help, friendliness to others makes the world and you better, come to the Volunteer Center of NRU MGSU.

You yourself choose the scope of volunteering. Every year we visit and help in animal shelters, orphanages, nursing homes. We set up eco-sites on the territory of MGSU, organize the collection of recyclable materials, bookcrossing, donor day, and also participate in many city events.

Humanity and kindness are the best we can give to others!

Interclub

Today the Interclub NRU MGSU is a key community in the harmonization of interethnic relations. Our work is aimed at fostering a culture of interethnic communication, adaptation of foreign students and knowledge of the creative spirit and beauty of all nationalities.

The Interclub includes more than 300 Russian and foreign students.

During the year, we conduct various master classes, sports events, organize and participate in forums, conduct field studies and excursions for foreign students. Also, every year we hold the events "Meet the Culture ..." and "Day of Nationalities at NRU MGSU"

If you are interested in our activities, traditions, customs and languages ​​of other nations, then we are waiting for you in our big and friendly family!
Group in VK

Curators

Every freshman at the university knows who curators are! It is we who meet the freshmen at the lineup, it is our large and friendly team that helps them to enter a new student life without any problems. We play the role of not only mentors and teachers, but also best friends for our children.

The curators organize one of the most memorable events for freshmen - "Rope Course", in which the children rally even stronger to win the competition!We also organize a holiday that every freshman awaits - this is the Dedication to MGSU students! We organize open days, where we gladly accept applicants.

The main goal of our events is to unite all students! Because it doesn't matter what institute you are from and on what course. Everyone knows that we are one big friendly MGSU family!
Group in VK

League of KVN NRU MGSU "StroyKVN"

Hello student! We are the brightest, most friendly and, what is important, the funniest and funniest asset of NRU MGSU!

Some people ask, why do we need KVN? What is he at the university for?

But how for what ?! So that you can distract yourself from studying, give flight to your imagination, channel your enthusiasm in the right direction! And you know, to become a part of KVN, you don't have to be able to joke well. Do you know why? Because we have a KVN school where you can learn everything that is so useful and important for a humorist to know!

After school, you and your team will have a whole year of games!

Festival of the League of KVN NRU MGSU "StroyKVN"; Rector's Cup of NRU MGSU; League semi-final; Final of the League.

Despite the sufficient number of teams in our League, our university has a National KVN team. It brought together the funniest, brightest, coolest guys from KVN NRU MGSU, who represent our university at the all-Russian level.

KVN is the place where you can be yourself. We are waiting for you

Trade union committee

Hello everyone! Our asset, in addition to payments of subsidies and material assistance, is engaged in a variety of activities. For example, our people in the volunteering department help everyone who needs help.

The trade union committee of NRU MGSU every year gathers students, university workers and everyone who wishes to participate in a motor rally dedicated to the Day of Remembrance of the Fallen Warriors. We also have a sports sector that organizes a student mini football league every year.
Group in VK

Student Asset

We are a Student Asset or simply CA. We think you have heard about us more than once from your curators, friends or classmates. But it's time to reveal all the cards and tell what exactly we are doing.

We organize the most important and exciting events at our university. To begin with, on the first Saturday of October, our Aktiv organizes an Evening of Meeting for graduates of NRU MGSU. We coordinate guests, organize a meeting, and also decorate the premises of the university. During the academic year, we organize some of the largest events at our university, such as: International Festival of Historical Ballroom Dancing "Crystal Ball"; Miss Student of NRU MGSU; Presentation of Diplomas with Honors.

Now we have told you a very small part of what the Student Active of NRU MGSU does. If you are ready to discover new talents in yourself, ready to become part of a friendly team, want to cover the main events of the university, like to photograph and shoot videos, like to be in the spotlight or behind the scenes, then we are waiting for you at the Student Active. Any event is in your hands!
Group in VK

Student Parliamentary Club

Student parliamentary clubs are an association of bright and ambitious students who want to influence what is happening in their lives and in the life of Moscow!

What awaits you in the SPK?

New unique acquaintances. Opportunities for self-realization. Educational programs. Support for the implementation of your own project, and more ...

DEBATE LEAGUE (Development of Public Speaking Skills, Oratory, Working with the Audience)
SCHOOL OF YOUNG LEGISLATOR (Meetings with experts, exclusive lectures, the opportunity to get answers to the most important questions)
BUSINESS GAMES (Solving cases and non-standard tasks, Modeling work situations, Developing creative thinking).
Group in VK

Student Sports Club

A friendly family and the team of the Student Sports Club of NRU MGSU greet you!
We represent the sports part of our huge university. With our help, the most sporting events are created, where every student can prove himself.

We were the organizers of such cool competitions as: Rhythmic gymnastics of NRU MGSU; Volleyball "Match of the Stars" ASSK Russia; Workout SSK NRU MGSU; Checkers-chess SSK NRU MGSU; TRP ASSK of Russia and many others, about which you will soon learn and perhaps even implement your own projects!

There are all kinds of guys in our ranks. Each talent has its own important place, but if you are not yet familiar with your talent, we will be glad to see you and help you choose the path in our common cause. SSK is waiting for you!

1

The article deals with the problems of creating the structure and implementing the activities of student associations in Russian universities. The student association is viewed as a form of self-government that allows the young generation to actively participate in the life of the university, as well as to use the possibilities of management activities for self-development and self-realization. The goals and objectives of the activity of student associations are considered. The structure and directions of activity of student associations of Minin University (Nizhny Novgorod) are considered in more detail. Highlighted one of the topical areas of students' activities - social design, aimed at solving significant problems of the region. An example of the work of the student association "Territory of Opportunities", which carries out its activities within the framework of a university-wide project, is considered. The "Territory of Opportunities" project involves the participation of students in the work of the association and allows: to form professionally significant competencies, to participate in the development and implementation of youth social projects in the field of: additional education; career guidance activities; social adaptation; personal information security; financial literacy; creativity, etc. The considered experience of organizing the work of student associations allows us to assert that the proposed approaches to organizing students' activities are effective and allow not only to meet the educational and creative needs of students, but also to contribute to the social development of the region as a whole.

student association

student association structure

social engineering

social development

additional education

open educational space

social development of the region.

1. Artemieva T.V. Fundraising: raising funds for projects and programs in the field of culture. - SPb .: Lan, 2010 .-- 288 p.

2. Ivanenkov S.P., Kostrikin A.V. Problems of research of social activity of youth // Credo new. - 2009. - No. 3. - S. 82-100.

3. Kostrikin A.V. Socio-economic conditions for the activities of youth public associations // Scientific notes of the St. Petersburg State Institute of Psychology and Social Work. - 2008. - No. 1. - T. 9. - S. 65-67.

4. Belonuchkin G.V. Federal Law "On Public Associations". - Yekaterinburg: Publishing solutions, 2018 .-- 60 p.

5. Buryakova O.A. Genetic analysis of the essence of student self-government // Vestn. SamSU. - 2008. - No. 5/1 (64). - S. 112-118.

6. Persikova T.N. Intercultural communication and corporate culture: textbook. manual. - M .: Logos, 2008 .-- 224 p.

7. Vasilyeva V.D., Petruneva R.M. Socio-cultural environment of a university - a condition for the formation of a professional culture of a specialist // Higher education in Russia. - 2011. - No. 6. - S. 113-117.

8. Grigorovich L.A., Martsinkovskaya T.D. Pedagogy and psychology: textbook. allowance. - M .: Gardariki, 2003 .-- 480 p.

9. Golubeva O.V., Khizhnaya A.V., Bushueva A.A. Student associations: place and role in extracurricular activities of the university // World of Science: Internet magazine. - 2017. - T. 5. - No. 6. - URL: https://mir-nauki.com/PDF/52PDMN617.pdf (date of access: 34.07.2018).

The active life position of young people in the modern world is an integral part of the development of society. Higher educational institutions play a significant role in shaping the life position of a young person, being the centers of upbringing and personal development. One of the main directions of the university's activities is educational work aimed at professional and civic education, based on a system of professional, socio-managerial, communicative knowledge and skills. Student associations are an effective tool for the implementation of educational work in a university.

The term "Student Association" in universities began to be used relatively recently as a voluntary association of students aimed at jointly solving issues to improve the quality of student life. The student association is a form of self-government that allows the young generation to actively participate in the life of the university, as well as to use the possibilities of management activities for self-development and self-realization. University students quite easily and independently determine the degree of participation and the collective of students in the association.

Thus, the participation of students in the work of student associations of a professional orientation makes it possible to solve both the issues of education and the formation of professional competencies.

Purpose of the study: to explore advanced experience, design and implement an effective system of student associations aimed at solving the problems of professional development of university students. Suggest current directions for the development of student associations of universities.

Material and research methods. Common interest is the main link for the system of relationships and connections within youth associations. The student association is an association of students of a voluntary nature, which is aimed at collectively resolving issues to improve the living conditions of students. Management activities enable students to take an active part in improving the quality of student life at the university. Student associations operate in accordance with Federal Law No. 82-FZ of May 19, 1995 (as amended on July 20, 2012) "On Public Associations".

Goals and objectives of student associations:

Development of favorable conditions that help the formation and development of the individual through the socio-cultural environment;

Formation of ZUN among the younger generation in professional activities;

Identification and disclosure of the creative and managerial capabilities of each student, as well as implementation through participation in the activities of student associations;

Assistance in the implementation of socially significant student initiatives;

Support and development of the traditions of student associations of the university.

The student association has two important functions: on the one hand, it is the implementation of socially significant initiatives of the young generation, and on the other, it is a social orientation, where personal self-development and self-realization takes place, as an active citizen who takes part in management activities.

Student associations are built on principles such as: voluntariness, purposefulness, cohesion, consistency, partnership, equality, openness, publicity, freedom of choice.

Today, in educational institutions in Russia, there are a large number of student public associations of various forms, different levels and officially and unofficially registered student associations. Student associations can be divided into 3 levels:

1. The academic level implies student associations that are founded by a specific, separate academic group of students. They are carried out under the guidance of initiative students - leaders, and curators from the teaching council help them in organizing.

2. Faculty level implies the formation of students from among the faculties of different courses, which are based on the communities of the academic level. Such youth associations participate in interfaculty events, and also solve problems of different orientations.

3. The university-wide level is a form of organizing youth communities that take part in the activities of various faculties (trade union organization, etc.). This form of student associations closely interacts with the administration of educational institutions, solving various problems.

Let us consider the structure and organization of the work of student associations on the example of the FSBEI HE “NGPU im. Kozma Minin "(N. Novgorod) (Minin University). The university has a joint student council (CCO), which includes a significant number of student associations (CO). The purpose of the joint council is the implementation of independent, responsible, collective activities of students, aimed at resolving social, professional, creative problems and finding forms for successful self-realization and self-development of students' personality.

The main goals and objectives of the CCA:

- assistance in organizing leisure and recreation for all COs;

- development and implementation of socially significant student initiatives;

- assistance to the governing bodies of the university in the implementation of the mission of the university;

- rendering assistance to university students in various directions (informational, methodological, consulting, etc.);

- interaction with structural divisions of the university for work with students;

- organization of cooperation with the bodies of student associations and public formations of the younger generation of other universities;

- representing the interests of young people in the process of helping in the management of the university, protecting their rights and interests.

Student associations of Minin University are united into eight thematic groups, such as:

Science and innovation (research student association "Study and protection of biological diversity", coworking, scientific student society "Wind Rose", managerial and economic innovations, etc.);

Professional competencies (student pedagogical team "Fortuna", pedagogical constellation, student pedagogical team "Focus", etc.);

Culture and creativity (student creative center, literary subscription: through creativity to knowledge);

Student sports and healthy lifestyle (student sports club "Fiery Wolves", tourist club "Square Bear");

Volunteer and social design (we develop, teach - pedagogical innovations, student association "Territory of Opportunities", Student Association "Territory of Opportunities", etc.);

Historical and patriotic education (Aeterna urbs ("The Eternal City"));

Intercultural cooperation (German Speaking Club Sprachcafé, Discussion Club "Kolokol");

Social standards and rights of students (Discussion Club "Kolokol", Council of Student Initiatives, etc.);

Student information resources (Student television of Minin University "Minin STV", Student newspaper of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports "Sport-fax").

CCA forms a space for joint activities for all student associations of the university by coordinating their activities. Joint activity enriches students with new ideas, opens up new opportunities for joint creativity for the younger generation.

One of the young student associations of Minin University is the "Territory of Opportunities" association, which participates in the implementation of the "Social and Educational Environment" Territory of Opportunities "project. The project involves the creation of a regional system of educational and social partnership in an open public space. The implementation of the project contributes to the solution of the problem of the lack of scientific and pedagogical personnel, ensuring the preparation of students for project activities, and the weakening of social ties of generational communities at the regional level.

The implementation of the project involves the creation on the basis of the university of a center for people of different ages, implementing courses of additional education, educational events and social projects of educational orientation, etc. The work of such a center at the university requires the active participation of student youth. This problem is solved by the student association "Territory of Opportunities". The association includes students of pedagogical training areas. Coordinator of the Association Khizhnaya A.V. (Ph.D., Associate Professor, Deputy Dean for Educational Work of the Faculty of Management and Social and Technical Services). Chairman of the Association Kozlova E.A. - Master's student at Minin University.

The logic of the project implementation provides at the pilot stage:

Preparing student volunteers for the implementation of social educational projects with people of different age groups.

At the stage of project implementation:

Conducting a wide range of educational activities for people of different ages in accordance with their requests and the capabilities of the resource base of educational organizations. The figure below shows the implementation of the "Territory of Opportunities" project.

Implementation of the project "Territory of Opportunities"

Results. The student association "Territory of Opportunities" made it possible to include students in socially significant activities by realizing the intellectual and creative potential of youth in the interests of the socio-economic development of the region.

The purpose of the association is to create conditions for the implementation of social and educational activities of talented and active youth in an open educational environment.

Tasks of JI "Territory of Opportunities":

1. To form competencies that ensure the implementation of social project activities for the implementation of youth initiatives.

2. Organize participation in a PR campaign to promote the project "Social and educational environment" Territory of Opportunities "".

3. Ensure the development and implementation of youth social projects in the field of: additional education; career guidance activities; social adaptation; personal information security; financial literacy; creativity, etc.

4. To organize the participation of students in volunteer activities for the development of open public spaces in the city of N. Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region.

5. Create conditions for interaction with the administration of the university, educational and public organizations, municipal authorities on the basis of the Center "Territory of Opportunities".

6. Form the skills of interpersonal and intercultural communication.

7. Organize participation in competitive events and get an opportunity for prospective employment at leading enterprises of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Students - participants of the project at the pilot stage became listeners of courses: "Social project activity", "3D-modeling" and "Robotics of the 21st century". The choice of courses is due to the need to include students in the process of social design, on the one hand, and prepare them for broadcasting the information most in demand in the modern educational environment. With the participation of students, educational events were held in the spring of 2018 for various categories of participants. For the elderly: computer literacy courses, a master class "Culinary tricks", etc. For schoolchildren: "Home for a starling", a master class "Blossom, spring", etc. Students took part in the regional project "Formation of a comfortable urban environment "For 2018-2022.

Conclusions. Implementation of the project "Open socio-educational environment" Territory of Opportunities "" and the work of students in the association of the same name contributes to meeting the needs of people of different generations, implements the ideas of the paradigm of higher education: accessibility, continuity, close connection with professional activities - "education throughout life" , provides comfortable living conditions for citizens of different ages in the region. The proposed approaches will make it possible to compensate for the deficiencies in the education system of the Nizhny Novgorod region, to determine ways to solve the identified problems.

Thus, the experience gained in organizing the work of student associations allows us to assert that the proposed approaches to organizing student activities are effective and allow not only to meet the educational and creative needs of students, but also to contribute to the social development of the region as a whole.

Bibliographic reference

Kozlova E.A., Tolsteneva A.A., Gruzdeva M.L., Khizhnaya A.V. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORK OF STUDENT ASSOCIATIONS IN THE UNIVERSITY // Modern problems of science and education. - 2018. - No. 4 .;
URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=27838 (date accessed: 10/17/2019). We bring to your attention the journals published by the "Academy of Natural Sciences"

What are student associations? And what does participation in their work give you?

Phonemic perception - the ability and skill of auditory perception and discrimination of speech sounds (phonemes). It is formed in a child at preschool age and is the basis for understanding sounding speech and learning to write and read.
Articulation apparatus motor skills - the ability to carry out the movements of the organs of articulation (lips, tongue, soft palate, etc.) in full, with sufficient strength, accuracy and speed.
Visual gnosis - the ability to perceive and identify the world around us with the help of sight.

Introduction. 4

What are student associations? And what does participation in their work give you? 6

Student associations. What is in ISPU ?. 13

A guide to student associations of ISEU. Part 1 (Student Self-Government Associations) 31

ISEU student associations guide. Part 2 (Student associations for professional adaptation) 32

A guide to student associations of ISEU. Part 3 (Student associations of sociocultural direction) 34

How to create a student association? 35

Difficulties and barriers in the formation of a student association. 40

The result of the student association is a completed project. 61

What is a "project" ?. 61

We are developing a project. We are preparing an application. 67

1. Formation of a project idea. 67

2. What does the application consist of ?. 68

3. Activities / Methods / Stages ( Methods for achieving goals and solving problems ) 76

Introduction

This methodological guide is intended as a set of useful tips on how to properly organize a student association in order to jointly resolve issues to improve the quality of student life and use opportunities for self-realization and development. Here you will find recommendations on how to create an association of university students - from finding like-minded people and including them in the activities of the association to supporting significant student initiatives and project activities of student associations. Many of these tips can be applied not only by representatives of student associations, but also by employees of the student trade union committee, as well as by teachers who contribute to the formation of student associations at the university.

In the first section answers are given to questions about what a student association is. The characteristics of the general provisions on youth (student) associations are presented, an interpretation of the main forms of student associations and the directions of their work is given, the possibilities of student associations in the development of a student's personality and in the formation of a professional are revealed.

In the second section provides an overview of the main student associations created and successfully functioning within the walls of ISEU. As a conclusion on this section, a guide to ISPU student associations is presented.

In the third section the main steps in the creation of a student association within the university are considered. The subtleties in the registration of a student association as an important stage in the development of student self-government are noted. Recommendations are given on what to pay special attention to when creating an association.

In the fourth section possible difficulties in creating a student association are noted. In preparing this section, we conducted interviews with representatives of student associations in order to find out what difficulties they encountered in organizing the work of the association. Maybe you should learn from other people's mistakes and avoid some difficulties and problems? The section also provides practical recommendations and technologies for resolving these barriers.

Fifth section is dedicated to the project activities of the student association. The technology of creation, promotion and protection of the project created by the forces of the student association is indicated.

The manual contains the following designations:

« Briefly!», Where the main ideas of the section are reflected in a concise, capacious form.

« Advice!"- subtleties, secrets and practical recommendations for the implementation of the project, which may be useful to you in your practice.

What are student associations? And what does participation in their work give you?

Do you think that having received a higher education, you will immediately become in demand on the labor market? But employers need proactive, active, aspiring people with management and organizational skills.

Do you think that you will begin to actively “show yourself” after studying at the university, but now it is only important to study, study and study again? But the formula for career and life success is made up not only of excellent knowledge of subjects, but of the ability to make your dreams come true. This is not taught in the classroom.

Do you think you will start making business contacts after graduation when you start working? Perhaps. But you need them now. They will help you with both employment and career development. And in general, in life, the one who has a wider circle of contacts and richer experience of interacting in various situations with different people achieves greater success.

Do you know why you need extracurricular work within the walls of the university? And what does it give useful to you personally? By participating in extracurricular activities, you will gain invaluable communication skills and attract attention. The life of the largest universities and institutes is not limited solely to study and entertainment. All kinds of traveling seminars, scientific conferences, excursions and meetings with interesting people fall into the same category.

Do you think that extracurricular activities will not affect your career trajectory in any way? Serious hobby can be a lifelong affair. Many famous showmen, musicians, athletes were given the path to life not by a specialist diploma, but by classes in student sections and circles. Perhaps it is participation in KVN teams, a student theater or a university musical group that will determine your future destiny.

Do you not like everything in the teaching system, university management, work with students? Would you like to make student life brighter and more interesting? Would you like to change the world around you, or at least a small part of it?

Would you like to find your calling in life? or you do not know where to direct your creative energy?

Would you like to become the best in your business, find like-minded people and achieve success?

You don’t know where to gain experience in negotiating, drafting documents, holding events?

The solution to all these questions is student association... It is student associations that are the institute, the laboratory where the personality of a young person is formed, the necessary leadership qualities are acquired, the ability to work in a team, highlight the main problems and find the best ways to solve them.

How you show yourself now, during your studies, depends not only on your career, but without exaggeration - YOUR life!

Student Association Is a voluntary association of university students with the aim of jointly resolving issues to improve the quality of student life. Such an association gives them the right to take part in the management of the student life of the university and use the opportunities for self-realization and development. Student public associations acting in accordance with the Federal Law of May 19, 1995 No. 82-FZ (as amended on July 20, 2012) “On Public Associations”.

Goals and objectives of creating student associations:

- creation of a set of conditions that promote self-determination and self-realization of the individual through inclusion in the socio-cultural environment;

- the formation of students' practical skills and abilities in the framework of professional activities;

- identification of the creative and managerial potential of each student and its implementation through participation in the work of student associations;

- assistance in the implementation of socially significant youth initiatives;

- preservation and development of corporate traditions of the university.

Student associations base their activities on the following principles:

– voluntariness student participation in

–consolidation university students in order to jointly resolve issues to improve the quality of student life;

– targeting activities of student associations;

– consistency activities of student associations.

– partnerships in the interaction of student associations and the administration of the university;

– equality all members of the student association;

– election governing bodies of student associations;

– publicity activities of student associations;

– openness in the activities of student associations.

Currently, within the educational institution, there are a huge number of student associations of various forms, ranging from the officially registered primary trade union organization of students, and ending with small student associations created at the level of the faculty or a separate academic group.

It is important to note the difference between public youth (student) associations and informal student communities.

Youth (student) associations belong to a group of public associations. A public association is understood as a voluntary, self-governing, non-profit formation created on the initiative of citizens who have united on the basis of a community of interests for the implementation of common goals specified in the charter of a public association. The form of organization of youth public associations implies official registration with the regional justice authorities, the functioning of a personal account, the position of an accountant, a charter, etc.

But in practice, we have a huge number of different youth structures that do not have official registration, which, despite this, call themselves public associations. In fact, they belong to informal student communities that are not officially registered but, nevertheless, are actively working in various areas and within all kinds of corporate structures, which include higher education institutions. Such associations most often have one fundamental document regulating their activities and approved by the administration of the educational institution, as a rule, this is a charter or regulation.

There are three levels of student associations:

1. Academic- is characterized by the fact that student communities at this level are formed on the basis of a separate academic group of students. They are organized on the initiative of student leaders, and, as a rule, are supported by curators from among teachers. Such associations can take part in university events at various levels. An example, such a form of student association within ISEU is a debate club "Sporschiki.ru"... Created on the initiative of 4th year students of the 56th group of the specialty "Public Relations".

2. Faculty- is formed from the number of students of the faculty of various courses, based on the communities of the academic level. Such associations take part in solving problems of various orientations at their level and participate in interfaculty events at a higher educational institution. For example, student scientific societies uniting students of the faculty ( SNO), student research laboratories ( SNIL) faculty, etc.

3. University-wide- presupposes such a form of organization of student communities in which students from various faculties take part in their activities. It is important to emphasize the fact that officially registered youth public associations may exist at this level, such as the primary trade union organization of students or various student councils. These associations are called upon to solve problems at the university level, often in close cooperation with the administration. Within the walls of ISEU, a number of student associations have been created that are of a university-wide nature - these are student club "Electron", sport Club, student theater of pop miniatures ( STEM "Energo"), student scientific society ( SNO) and other groups.

It is important to note the inextricable link between all three levels of organization of student associations. As a rule, there is a continuity of personnel at all levels and collective participation in various extracurricular activities. Students who have shown themselves most vividly within the framework of the informal academic community become organizers and inspirers of faculty and university-wide projects. Various student groups, united in some other informal student associations, are called upon to solve a wide range of tasks related to the process of teaching and upbringing within the framework of a higher educational institution.

In general, all officially registered and informal student associations operating within the university can be conditionally divided into two main groups.

1. Student organizations established within the university, one way or another subordinate to the administration of the university and designed to solve problems within the framework of the corporate student community. They can be created both at the initiative of a group of students and directly by the administration.

2. Youth associations at the regional or federal level carrying out activities within the framework of a separate educational institution in order to realize their goals and objectives, often associated with youth policy. Such communities include youth political associations (Nashi, Molodaya Gvardiya) and public associations (Trade Union of Students, Russian Union of Youth, Headquarters of Youth Activists, Youth Parliament, student representation of ISEU in the Youth Department Of the Nuclear Society of Russia (MOYAOR), etc.). As a rule, representatives of this group of associations coordinate their activities with the administration of the educational institution. The tasks that these student associations solve, one way or another, are consistent with the concept of educational activities of the university, on the basis of which they function.

Communities of both groups can have the status of both an official public association and an informal one, but in practice, within the framework of a university, it is rare to see an officially registered youth association created and functioning within a separate educational institution.

The directions of activity of student associations can be conditionally divided into four main groups:

1. Social direction.

Within the framework of this direction, the following student organizations and associations are included:

- trade union organizations operating on the basis of a higher educational institution. This community has its own representatives at different levels, which are subordinate to the chairman, elected from among the students. The trade union committee is engaged in the protection of the rights and social support of students. As a rule, almost all students are union members with rare exceptions. Example, primary trade union organization of students and graduate students of ISEU, student council of the ISEU dormitory, council of young scientists and specialists of ISEU (SMUS).

– student volunteer squads... These associations are created spontaneously at different levels and are most often supported by the administration of the university.

- other student associations of social orientation... For example, such as the Association of Orphans Students, the student council of dormitories, the headquarters of construction brigades that solve student problems of a social nature within the framework of their competence. Within the walls of ISEU, the following student teams are successfully functioning - the "Spektor" detachment, the "Resonance" detachment, the "Impulse" detachment. Subject specialization of the detachments lies in the electric power industry - it is relay protection and automation of electric power systems, power plants, electric power systems and networks, as well as power supply.

2. Creative association.

Covers a large number of students seeking to show their creativity during the period of study. In many universities, a special administrative structure is being created to unite all creative teams operating in the student community, since the process of forming and establishing such groups is spontaneous. At ISEU, this direction of student associations is represented by a vocal and instrumental studio, a student theater of pop miniatures (STEM "Energo"), a student literary and poetry club "United Circle", a student photo club, etc. .

3. Sports direction.

First of all, this should include sports teams of academic, faculty and university level operating within the framework of the university. This direction is massive and is organized under the leadership of a sports club. Student sports teams not only represent their university or faculty at competitions of different levels, but they themselves can initiate sports events. There are officially registered public associations at the regional level that function in this direction and have their representation in various educational institutions. At ISEU, the sporting direction is considered one of the most popular. Within the framework of the sports club, there are more than 16 sports sections (boxing, table tennis, aerobics, athletics and weightlifting, fire-applied sports, aikido, sambo, etc.).

4. Scientific direction.

In almost every educational institution there is a student scientific society that coordinates the work of all youth structures working in this field within the educational institution. This direction of student associations is of a systemic nature and is fully supported by the administration. Officially registered public associations can also exist here, which allows them to receive grant support and participate in systemic project activities. For example, student scientific society, student research laboratories (SNIL), student business incubator, student representation of the Youth Branch of the Nuclear Society of Russia (MOYOR). Also, this direction is represented by specialized (subject) student associations. This includes the student linguistic club "INTELLIGENT", the scientific historical community "KLIO", the student philosophical society.

Thus, inclusion in various student associations allows one to fully realize oneself in extracurricular activities, while forming in oneself a sense of belonging to a single university community (corporation), and also contributes to the acquisition of the necessary knowledge and skills in matters of personal development.

Student associations can function in the following forms:

- squad- temporarily or permanently formed student group, created to organize temporary employment, according to its own work plan. The detachment is required to have a clear self-government structure;

- initiative group- a temporary small group of students created for the joint development and implementation of a project. The leader of the initiative group, as a rule, is the author or initiator of the project, all other members of the group are executors who solve certain tasks within the framework of this project;

- club- a form of uniting student youth with common interests in a particular area, which involves regular meetings to jointly discuss the issue or topical problem. A permanent asset is formed in the club, which organizes and conducts meetings, and the main composition can constantly change depending on the established theme;

- creative team- student creative association independently created (at the initiative of students) and operating on the territory of the university. The activities of this association are mainly aimed at the development and implementation of creative projects;

- association- a voluntary union of student associations or individual students to achieve a common goal. A member of the association, without agreement with its other members, can enter into other student associations. In the association, to a greater extent, the tasks of coordinating work and concentrating forces and means during joint activities should be solved to achieve a socially useful and socially significant goal;

- studios (creative workshop) - this is a kind of workshop in which students acquire special knowledge and master various skills and abilities to create an original creative product. Usually a studio brings together students of the same creative direction. For example, a photography studio (a workshop for mastering the art of photography), a theater studio (a workshop for mastering acting, directing, and other arts), a video studio, etc.