Car tires are an integral part of a car. And its quality in manufacturing is very important, and not only for the driver of the car, but also for its manufacturer, because the reputation of the production itself depends on it. It should be noted that today there are at least three types of car tires. These are summer, winter tires and, of course, demi-season. All of them are used for the same transport, but they have a slightly different appearance and, to some extent, even a slightly different technological process.

The most famous manufacturers

Today, the most famous tire manufacturers around the world are such manufacturers as Michelin (which also owns the Kleber and BFGoodrich brands), Bridgestone (which also includes the Lassa, Firestone, Winterforce, Fuzion brands) and the Finnish Nokian. Also worth noting are GoodYear, Continental, Pirelli, Hankook, Yokohama, Cooper, Kumho, Toyo and many others.

Raw materials for manufacturing

Today, the number of tire manufacturers, both domestic and foreign, is simply amazing, and sometimes the end customer is somewhat confused in choosing the right footwear for his war horse. But still, if you look at the tire production process, you can see that no matter what manufacturer makes these tires for us, the material for the production of this tire is still the same. And it's rubber. For its production, in most cases, natural or synthetic rubber is used, as well as autocord.

It is worth noting that in the production of tires, it is imperative to use only high-quality rubber, since it is the quality of rubber for tires that determines the stability of the car in a wide variety of weather conditions, the quality of adhesion of tires to the road surface regardless of its condition, and much more.

Tire production technology

The direct production of tires begins with the manufacture of a special rubber compound, which will subsequently be used for the manufacture of tires for automobiles. The composition of this rubber compound, depending on the technology of its production, can include up to a dozen different chemicals. In addition, some other components can also be added to the rubber compound, which is produced specifically for car tires, in particular, various dyes and much more. In some cases, these components come to production ready for use. It is this rubber compound that will be used for the manufacture of various blanks. But before the production of blanks, it goes through a special technology of mixing the constituent parts, after which it is cooled and cut into special sheets, which will subsequently turn into a wide variety of parts of automobile tires. Blanks, which are formed from a rubber compound, are the most diverse parts of a future tire - these are its side parts, and treads and much more. It is worth noting that those parts that will subsequently come into contact with the road are made last using the vulcanization method. Moreover, it is this process that allows you to get exactly that unique tread pattern, which we very often see on the wheels of a car. The manufacture of winter tires deserves special attention, since it is during this period that the most unforeseen situations on the roads occur. Also, during the production of blanks, the size of the future tire must be taken into account without fail, this is due to the fact that different car manufacturers have different standard sizes of tires.

After a wide variety of tire parts have been made from the rubber compound, it is sent to the machine, where the tire for the car is directly assembled. It should be noted that the entire tire manufacturing process is automated, and human participation is reduced only to monitoring the correct operation of those installations that are involved in production.

Video on how tires are made at the Michelin factory:

A very important process in the manufacture of tires for cars is the process of controlling the quality of products. If in the course of such control even the most insignificant defects of a particular tire were found, it must be returned for recycling and in no case can it get into retail chains of stores for motorists. It must be said that during this check of car tires, not only visual inspection is used for control, but also some other methods. In particular, in some cases, x-rays can also be used. In addition, there are special machines that carry out all the necessary tests that allow you to determine how much a tire of a particular type meets quality standards.

Many Internet users are interested in what tire manufacturers exist in Russia today, and what kind of products they produce. Therefore, we decided to make an extended review, giving an idea of ​​the situation with the manufacture of tires in the vastness of the country.

KSHZ Kirov

With the Kirov tire plant, everything is not so simple. This is the oldest enterprise, which began its activities in the years of the Second World War, today it is essentially Russian and is not.

Since December 2011, KSHZ has been owned by the Italian Pirelli, having previously changed several owners. At the time of the sale, the plant was considered the third in terms of production volume in our country.

Initially, the company specialized in the production of tires for special equipment, truck and bus tires, as well as passenger cars and light trucks, focused on domestic cars:

• Volga,
• Gazelle and Sable,
• Niva.

Since the transfer to the ownership of the Italian holding, the KShZ has launched the production of more than 40 budget and premium models under the Pirelli brand.

Winter tire Pirelli Winter Carving Edge

The studded model Winter Carving Edge is designed specifically for the domestic Russian market, since in almost all countries except for a few northern countries studding is prohibited. So the winter tires we sell under the Pirelli brand are Russian-made.

Heavy SUV model

The main task of the new management was to raise the quality of products, and then to expand the range. Today, KShZ products have a rather large model range, many standard sizes, and therefore the sales market has greatly expanded.

A quarter of the assortment goes to the markets of Russia and Italy, and the rest is exported to the countries of Scandinavia, the CIS and Canada.

AShK, Barnaul

When discussing which tires are produced in Russia, one cannot ignore the Barnaul plant. The enterprise was founded in 1960, its activity began with asbestos-technical and tire repair shops.

In 1965, the BShZ was declared an all-Union Komsomol construction site, on which workshops for the production of tires were erected.

Construction lasted for several years, and the plant reached its design capacity by 1973. The years of perestroika turned out to be difficult for him, he helped to get out of the deep crisis in 2001. the Neftekhimprom group, which on the basis of BShZ created the Altai tire plant in the form in which it is known today.

Agricultural tire of the Altai combine

Several years ago, its production was modernized, and today ASHK produces about 60 models and sizes of tires for agricultural and military equipment, cars (trucks, commercial, off-road), as well as more than three dozen types of tires for aircraft.

They are produced under the NORTEC brand. The main foreign consumers are the countries of Africa and Southeast Asia, the CIS.

Cordiant

In continuation of the story about what tires are produced in Russia, it is impossible to ignore the joint-stock company "Kordiant", which currently unites several well-known enterprises at once.

SSC bus structure

1. Omsk tire plant. Produces tires for heavy and light trucks, buses, road vehicles and tractors.
2. A subsidiary of OSHZ, Kordiant-Vostok, which produces summer and the best Russian studded tires for passenger vehicles under the Cordiant brand.
3. Volga tire plant "Voltyre-Prom". Produces only industrial and agricultural tires.
4. Yaroslavl plant. It produces passenger radial tires, as well as truck tires using SSC technology (all-steel cord).

Yokohama R.P.Z.

Yokohama plant near Lipetsk

The Japanese brand Yokohama needs no introduction, it is known all over the world and has more than 60 subsidiaries in different countries, including Russia. This branch is officially called Yokohama Rus LLC.

Since 2005, he has organized wholesale sales in the country, carried out staff training and technical support, and in 2012, the release of one winter studded Ice GUARD iG35 model, and two summer ones - C-drive2 and the new BluEarth AE-01 was launched.

What are the best Russian tires: BluEarth AE-01 is one of them

The size range covers almost the entire passenger car segment. So far, they are sold exclusively on the domestic market, but in the near future, some of the products are planned to be sold on the European markets for car tires.

Voronezh tire plant

VSHZ is the second tire plant bought out in 2012 by the Pirelli holding. That is, the Italians did not build production in Russia from scratch, as the Finns and the Japanese did, but acquired ready-made enterprises that were in a difficult situation.

The plant was modernized and, having poured more than 100 million euros into it and installing new equipment, they began to increase production.

Pirelli tires from the Voronezh conveyor

Not only the mechanized part of the enterprise came from abroad, but also the technologies for making up rubber and mixing ingredients. In addition to models under the Pirelli brand, the plant continues to produce its previous products - tires for cars and trucks, agricultural machinery.

Uralshina

The Ural Tire Plant located in Yekaterinburg was founded in 1943. During the war years, he provided armored vehicles with wheel tires.

In the post-war years, modernization was carried out, after which, since 1970, motorcycle and truck tires began to be produced. At the same time, the plant has always remained the main supplier of tires for the defense industry and industry.

Forklift tires

As the demand for diagonal truck tires decreased, special tires made using the Superelastic technology were introduced into production.

They are used to equip various types of diesel and electric forklift trucks manufactured in Russia and replace broken wheels on many types of imported lifting equipment.

In the late 90s, Uralshina launched production and production of radial tires for passenger cars, but they did not take root on the market and today you will not see them anywhere.

NShZ, Nizhnekamsk

The production association "Nizhnekamskshina" produces the best domestic tires. This is the largest enterprise in Russia that issued its millionth tire in its first year of operation, in the early 70s. Today it is the leader of our tire industry, which has already produced more than 400 million tires.

Studded Kama-Euro 519

And here are the brands of tires produced at NShZ today. In addition to passenger cars, trucks and agricultural models under the Kama brand, new ones are also being produced under the name Viatti - the result of cooperation with the German concern Continental AG, which owns a stake in Nizhnekamskshina.

Viatti is the result of collaboration with Continental

This is the first plant in the country, whose products were used as tires of the first complete set by the European manufacturers Volkswagen, Ford, Fiat, Skoda.

Kama 1260 cargo

Nokian Shina LLC

At the time of the decision to set up production in Russia in 2004, the Finnish company Nokian Tires had stepped over a century and had an unshakable reputation all over the world.

No one knew how the experiment would end - especially since the new production site was not based on a ready-made operating enterprise, but everything had to be built from scratch.

We chose for this the city of Vsevolozhsk in the Leningrad Region, which is actually geographically located not far from Finland.

Nokian finished products

The first to operate was a workshop for the manufacture of components and rubber mixing, because without them it is impossible to assemble tires. The main raw material is natural rubber supplied to the plant from the countries of Southeast Asia.

Its presence in winter tires is mandatory, otherwise the rubber will not be soft in the cold. Synthetic rubber is mainly used in the production of summer rubber.

At the beginning of the plant's activities, rubber compounds were brought from Finland and at the same time produced 4 million tires a year. Now all rubber compounding technologies are in place, and the turnover is already over 15 million tires a year.

This figure could have been even higher if the demand for tires of this brand had not decreased due to the steadily rising prices amid the economic downturn in the country. But since according to all tests, tires under the Nokian brand were and remain the best, they are still bought - and not only in Russia.

The products manufactured in Vsevolozhsk are exported to more than forty countries of the world. Sold for foreign currency, it brings the plant a stable income regardless of the economic situation in the country.

Continental Kaluga

Let's talk a little about the plans of another European investor regarding the production of tires in Russia. We are talking about the Continental AG concern, which at the moment already has such an enterprise in Kaluga.

Since 2013, it has been producing rubber components and producing tires under the Continental brand, with a modest volume of 4 million units per year.

Continental ContiPremiumContact 5

In March 2018, additional lines were launched for the production of tires in a budget price range under the brands Gislaved and Matador owned by the concern.

The most popular summer model, the Continental ContiPremiumContact 5, is produced in Kaluga, but almost 40% of all manufactured products are winter tires.

Conclusion

Russia is a huge sales market and a tasty morsel for all world tire manufacturers. Therefore, foreign investors tend to either buy out the finished plant, or build their own.

So the Japanese Bridgestone Corporation is building its plant in Ulyanovsk, hoping to produce mainly winter models there. So the day is not far off when you can read "made in Russia" on almost any tire with an eminent brand.

Every car owner knows that tires tend to wear out. It is one of the main components in the vehicle system that ensures stable driving. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor their condition especially carefully. But few people know that there are tire manufacturing plants in Russia. A common stereotype is that a foreign product is always better and of higher quality than a domestic one.

This was the case until recently. Today the situation has changed dramatically. Some brands made in Russia are exported to Western countries.

List of Russian tire manufacturers

Many drivers today confidently assert that it is simply impossible to produce high-quality tires in Russia. This opinion will quickly disappear if a person visits a modern Russian plant. Today Russian tires are manufactured taking into account all international requirements, norms and standards. The production is fully automated. The production takes place at the expense of modern equipment. The production technology is identical to the European car tire manufacturing process.

The following tire manufacturing plants operate on the territory of Russia:

There is also a widespread myth that Russian factories use rubber in the production of tires. This is absolutely not the case. For more than 15 years, domestic manufacturers have not used materials that are not famous for their positive properties as raw materials for their products. For passenger cars, the sales of domestic tires are five times higher than Western products.

PJSC "Nizhnekamskshina" - the founder of European production technologies in Russia

This giant plant is located in Nizhnekamsk. Almost every third car tire made in Russia comes from Nizhnekamskshina. A special scientific laboratory, accredited by the State Standard of Russia, has been created on the territory of the plant. The laboratory fully complies with all technical competence. Today "Nizhnekamskshina" is a whole scientific and technical center. Modern and technically equipped.

In 2004, the first automobile tires according to international standards were produced in Nizhnekamsk. The license was issued by the world's fifth Italian tire company, Pirelli. The products of PJSC "Nizhnekamskshina" were named "KAMA EURO". Today the plant produces about 2 million environmentally friendly and high-speed radial tires per year.

Amtel-Vredestein - tires for every climate

Amtel Russia is based in the cities of Kirov, Moscow and Voronezh. Today it is one of the leaders in terms of sales. The products are mainly targeted at owners of passenger cars and SUVs. But you can also find rubber for heavy equipment and even for bicycles. Amtel is constantly improving its products, taking into account the changing climate of Russian latitudes.

Amtel manufactures tires in a variety of categories, which puts them at the forefront of the segment. Another advantage of the company is the presence of its own headquarters of scientists who are constantly working to improve products. Independent experts have already proven that car tires from Amtel are not inferior to Western European analogues. Most car owners praise the reliability and quality of Amtel's Maloya Futura Primato tires. They are distinguished by a long service life and increased wear resistance. However, to find them on the counter of stores in Russia, you need to really try.

OOO "Kontaer" - produces the best tires for winter roads

Automobile tires from CONTYRE are popular among Russian motorists. Contyre Artic Ice can rightfully be considered the most famous rubber. Rubber allows you to feel comfortable and confident on snowy roads of any complexity within the city and outside the city. Due to the fact that the manufacturer adds an increased amount of silicon during the manufacture of rubber, Contyre Artic Ice retains moderate elasticity at any temperature.

Automobiles are very popular from the Kontaer LLC company. So, quite recently, Contyre Expedition tires began to be installed on UAZ Hunter cars. This rubber has shown high traction indicators, which allows it to be distinguished by increased cross-country ability.

JSC "Belshina" - ahead of all

Belishna is the largest manufacturer of rubber for cars in Europe. The company has established cooperation with many countries, including Russia. The plant has products of 200 standard sizes. More than 90% of the products are radial tires. The plant originates in the city of Bobruisk, Republic of Belarus. In Russia, it was created representatively in Volgograd.

Belshina specializes in the production of tires for large-sized vehicles. For example, for the BelAZ mining dump truck. But lately in the model range of the company you can find good tires for passenger cars.

JSC "VOLTAYR-PROM" - the best solutions for the owners of "Niva"

Volzhsky Tire Plant has been actively operating since 1964. Today VOLTAYR-PROM JSC produces automobile tires of various categories. The VLI-5 VOLTYRE model is perfect for VAZ cars.

Most Niva car owners equip their cars with this particular set of tires. VLI-5 VOLTYRE are distinguished by good cross-country ability. Rubber excellently overcomes obstacles in the form of mud and snow. Among the shortcomings, one can note too noisy operation and the duration of braking on wet asphalt.

URALSHINA is a worthy manufacturer of car tires

URALSHINA is familiar to domestic drivers for the well-known rubber models K-135 and O-104. It was the K-135 model that received the greatest distribution for its excellent grip. In general, there are conflicting opinions about this model. But, as they say - the taste and color.

The plant also produces "footwear" for large-sized agricultural machinery, for tracked vehicles.

OMSKSHINA - stability and quality

Cordiant and Motador are probably the most famous lineup among the products of the Omsk plant. Despite the fact that the OMSKSHINA plant, which is part of the Kordiant holding, is quite young, today we can say that due to the production of high-quality products, the company managed to win the love and trust of Russian drivers.

Most car owners speak positively about the company's products, and independent experts assure that the future of Russian car tire production depends entirely on the development of production technologies at the OMSKSHINA plant.

KShZ is the only representative of Eastern Siberia

Krasnoyarsk Tire Plant is the only representative of this industry segment in Eastern Siberia. For more than 40 years, KShZ has been producing rubber for cars and trucks.

Automobile tires from KShZ are not very popular among drivers, but the trend is that the plant will soon enter new positions. This happens due to the introduction of European production technologies.

Yaroslavl Tire Plant is a legendary manufacturer of off-road tires

The Yaroslavl tire manufacturer is completing a complete list of manufacturers. Many people know about the legendary I-192 tire. Yes, these tires are not very well suited for fast and comfortable driving on asphalt. Most often, the I-192 was equipped with military equipment, since this model was characterized by its tenacity and durability. Therefore, for SUVs, rubber from the Yaroslavl plant will be the best solution. The modern analogue of I-192 is considered today to be of a higher quality and improved I-471 rubber.

Russia, as a tire manufacturer, is now reaching a new level. Do not just pay attention to where the rubber was produced. Performance and properties are of greater importance. Domestic factories have made a significant step forward in production technology, some representatives sell their products to the West, where Russian tires are in demand.

* Calculations use average data for Russia

The production of car parts always has prospects for its development. Every day there are more and more cars, so more than one entrepreneur has earned a fortune for a car enthusiast. But if the sale of car accessories and spare parts, the arrangement of a car wash or a car service does not require relatively large investments, then the full-fledged production of parts, components, assemblies, assemblies will require multimillion-dollar investments, which repels many entrepreneurs.

Car tire manufacturing may be successful, but this business is not easy. On the other hand, tires are always in demand, and therefore, with a competent organization of your production, you can count on the sale of large volumes of your products.

The most important obstacle to success in such an endeavor will be a fairly high level of competition. Now there are a huge number of companies on the market that are engaged in the production of car tires, and many of them already have a reputation and recognition among consumers, and therefore a novice entrepreneur does not have to rely on a huge market share, no matter how good his products are. There are several brands of car tires known among the population, which are invariably associated with quality, while many of them are subdivisions or representative offices of foreign companies. However, in most cases, the cost of the products of such companies is quite high for the mass consumer, but even in this case, a considerable number of tires are already presented on the market that belong to the lowest price segment.

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Russian manufacturers have a great advantage in that they have the opportunity to significantly reduce the cost of production due to the absence of large transport costs and customs duties. Products supplied from abroad will always be more expensive than their counterparts, which allows Russian manufacturers to offer consumers a competitive product for less money. But in the minds of the mass consumer there is a firm conviction that high-quality tires cannot be produced in Russia, and therefore manufacturers are forced to invest heavily in a marketing campaign. Given the fact that not everyone is ready to do this, a newcomer has every chance, conducting a business according to modern standards, to conquer a relatively large part of the market. But it should be noted that quality will have to pay a lot of attention.

The production of car tires is a very complex process that includes the operation of several production lines, and many manufacturers are also engaged in their own development of raw materials, although at first glance it is much easier and more profitable to buy ready-made tires. But still, in most cases, the raw materials supplied to third-party manufacturers do not meet the quality requirements, and the entrepreneur has to independently select the components and formulas for making tires. Most car tire manufacturers keep the recipe for raw materials secret, so it is impossible to say exactly which ingredients should be used. In the general case, the basis is political or natural rubber, and the former is much cheaper, and it is almost always used in tires. At the same time, in terms of quality, it is practically not inferior to its natural counterpart.

There are several well-established production facilities for synthetic rubber of good quality in Russia, so there should be no problems in this matter, and raw materials can be bought at relatively low prices, and supplies will arrive regularly and with minimal delays. But it should be noted that the production of synthetic rubber is often associated with the petrochemical industry, therefore, in the light of recent events, a strong price change can be expected. Today, natural rubber is obtained even from weeds, so it is not known what the price level will be even in six months. Now the cost of 1 kilogram of rubber is a little more than 100 rubles from Russian manufacturers, but this is the cost of synthetics.

In addition to rubber, the tire manufacturing process uses formulas, gas sulfur, protective wax, carbon black, adhesives, aqueous dispersions, bifurgin, diphenylguanidine, acetonanil and many other chemicals, the number of which in one recipe can exceed 10 names. It is chemicals that determine the quality, durability and other performance characteristics of a tire, so their correct selection can dramatically change the condition of the product and its consumer value.

Ready-made ideas for your business

It should also be noted the latest idea in this business area, which has not yet spread in Russia, but is already being introduced into production in Asian countries and, possibly, will be of interest to Russian consumers. We are talking about colored tires, which are not painted after production, but are initially produced in a certain non-black color. For this, coloring components are initially added to the raw materials in production, which allows you to get a non-standard product. However, recipes for such raw materials are not freely available, and if an entrepreneur has a desire to engage in such production, he will have to find professionals in the chemical industry and open his own laboratory for creating recipes.

To start your business, you need to register as an individual entrepreneur, but it is better to register as a legal entity. It is most optimal to choose a limited liability company, because in this case, as in the case of individual entrepreneurship, a simplified taxation system will be available. This will make it possible to transfer in favor of the state no more than 6 percent of income or 15 percent of operating activities, which is much more profitable than corporate income tax. You also need to choose the right OKVED code, and such an activity falls under the definition (OKPD 2) 22.11 Tires, tires and rubber tubes; restoration of treads and rubber tires. It should also be noted that some types of tires have their own national standards.

Ready-made ideas for your business

After all legal issues have been resolved, you can start looking for a territory for your production. It should be noted that in this case it is better to already have its own property, that is, several production buildings on a relatively small plot. You will need more than one are of land to locate your production, but the exact size of the site directly depends on its volume. To save money, some entrepreneurs buy territory outside big cities, where it is definitely lower, because tire production should be focused not on the regional market, but on the all-Russian one. In this regard, the location of your enterprise is not so critical, the main thing is convenient access and transport interchange.

If you do not have your own premises and a plot, then you can rent them, but in this case, you will have to pay a lot of money for it every month. In any case, such an undertaking will require considerable funds for the improvement and purchase of its territory and, possibly, for the supply of communications and internal arrangement. It is rather difficult to name the exact price here, but it will definitely be several million. Warehouses, production facilities, an administrative building and a laboratory should be located on the territory. Roads should be paved on the site, because vehicles will often visit the enterprise.

Next, you should find employees for your enterprise, in this case, you will need a large staff of machine tool operators, laboratory assistants and engineers who will create recipes and check the quality of the products received, auxiliary workers and management personnel. Also, quite often such an organization has its own marketing department, which is engaged in finding buyers and promoting products. Of course, you cannot do without a logistics department and a purchasing, sales and distribution department, but all other business processes that are not related to making a profit for the organization or optimizing its activities should be outsourced.

Businesses engaged in the production of tires and tires can work with both wholesale buyers and have their own retail points of sale. The range of products produced will be large enough, so creating your own store may be advisable, but only if there is confidence that the demand for the product will be large enough to cover the costs of maintaining your retail point of sale.

Ready-made ideas for your business

Perhaps it would be better to open your store much later, when the products become well-known on the market and will be in demand among consumers. The rest of the enterprise for the production of tires and tires focuses directly on wholesale buyers who are already independently engaged in resale. In order to sell large batches of products, it is necessary not only to advertise, but also to independently search for potential consumers, for which sales specialists are hired.

So, the production of tires and tires begins either with the development of our own recipes, or with the purchase of ready-made raw materials that will be used in production. However, as already noted, hardly anyone will sell ready-made recipes, so having your own laboratory is often necessary. In this regard, experienced chemists will be required who will be able to develop a recipe that is not inferior in quality to analogues on the market.

When the recipe is received, you can proceed directly to the production process itself. Tire creation consists of several stages. Based on the recipe obtained, the components are mixed, and for all parts the recipe is different and a different composition is required. The laboratory must monitor the composition of the mixture, and in case of any deviations, stop the production process from it. In length, there are two lines in length: long and short; on the first sidewall and tread are made, and on the second bead rings, steel cord and textile cord.

For the production of the tread, sidewall and other parts, its own separate line is used, and a variety of equipment is used for each of them. These include molders, extruders, refrigerators, cutters, winders, applicators, processors, mixers, tablet machines, cleaners, hydraulic presses, vulcanizers, and assembly machines. The cost of a full tread line is about 15 million rubles, extrusion equipment costs about 7 million, a line for the production of a hermetic layer can generally cost more than 20 million rubles, depending on the configuration. The average cost of each machine is rarely less than one million rubles, so the total cost of equipment often exceeds 50 million rubles, and depending on the number of workshops and their equipment, it can be several times higher.

It is also worth noting that the equipment is made to order, and sometimes it is required per year for the creation, transportation and installation, followed by commissioning of the equipment. It is also worth adding to this the purchase of laboratory equipment, but it will be much cheaper, because the average cost of a machine here rarely exceeds 600 thousand rubles. The purchase of molds can also become a significant expense item, because the sizes of tires on cars are different, and there are a huge number of them. It should be added here that each standard size is usually made in 4 variants: summer, winter, winter studded and all-season tires. But this is true primarily for cars. It is in this connection that there is a very large range of products at such enterprises. The cost of each mold is at least 70 thousand rubles, and their production also takes time.

After the product is ready, it goes to the warehouse. Usually, today the goods are taken directly by the buyer himself, and not taken out by the manufacturer. However, for their own needs, including for transportation within the enterprise, appropriate transport will be required, which may include not only forklift trucks, small vans, but also full-fledged trucks.

If you plan to open your own store for the sale of finished products, trucks will be needed, and you will have to maintain a sufficient fleet of vehicles for constant cargo transportation. This can become an additional item of expenses, because trucks are unlikely to cost less than one million rubles each. It can be unprofitable to turn to transport companies all the time, and therefore it is best to contact a credit institution to obtain loans or purchase vehicles on lease.

In this type of business, it is very important to accurately identify the sales market and the contingent of consumers, which must be targeted. Consumers do not have confidence in Russian manufacturers, but their products are often much cheaper than foreign counterparts, so it always finds its consumer, because a considerable number of motorists save even on tires. It should be noted that the price gap between the cheapest and the most expensive product can be very significant, and in this case the company's policy, which seeks to reach consumers who want to save money, has a right to exist, because in this case it will also be possible to sell large batches of its products. ... In some cases, even very good quality with a very high price compared to the market average will not be a decisive factor for the consumer when buying a tire.

However, it should be noted that in the market the goods of the middle price segment, which are of average quality, are used in the best way; in the mind of the buyer, savings are combined with the relative reliability and durability of the product. But it should be borne in mind that transportation costs can slightly increase the cost of products, therefore, in their region of operation, it can be much cheaper than in other regions of the country. To begin with, you should study the market and consumer demand, identify their needs, evaluate the proposals of competitors and try to occupy the most free niche. In many cases, it is also not necessary to produce tires for absolutely any cars; at first, production oriented only to the most common models may be sufficient.

Evaluating the business for the production of tires and tires, one can say about its prospects and opportunities, but these areas require a fairly large investment from a businessman, and the level of competition is quite high in relation to how complex production is launched. In this regard, before starting your work, you need to order a marketing research or conduct it yourself in order to know all the strengths and weaknesses of such an undertaking in a particular region.

The payback period for such an undertaking is several years, depending on the demand, which at first is unlikely to be too high. On the other hand, if there is an orientation towards the lowest price segment, then one can expect immediately the interest of consumers in the product, because in this case customers choose not the brand, but the minimum price.

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The tire industry is one of the most important branches of the chemical complex. It is closely related to the production of synthetic rubber. Tire production is the final link in the technological chain: oil and gas production - gasoline production - synthetic rubber production - tire production. The location of tire factories is primarily subordinated to the raw material factor, the second most important factor is the consumer factor. Therefore, so many tire factories are located near oil refining centers: Nizhnekamsk, Omsk, Yaroslavl, Volgograd, Moscow.

Almost 160 years have passed since the introduction of the pneumatic tire: in June 1846, the Scottish Robert William Thomson received a patent for its invention. The first tires were applied to wheels with wooden spokes. The inner tube was made of several layers of canvas impregnated and covered on both sides with natural rubber. The outer covering consisted of riveted pieces of leather. The entire tire was bolted to the rim. Pneumatic tires on cars were the first to be used by the French, André and Edouard Michelin (1895).

Modern car tires differ in different ways.

By the type of tread pattern, tires are divided into road (summer), all-season (universal), winter (including studded), off-road, sports (high-speed, racing), career.

According to the method of sealing, tires are tubeless and tubeless. Tubeless tires are safer and easier to fit.

According to the arrangement of the cords (a kind of reinforcing reinforcement) in the carcass, tires are divided into diagonal and radial. Bias tires are relatively cheap and have a stronger sidewall. Tires designed for use on poorly paved roads are bias tires. In radial tires, the threads are directed across the center line of the wheel, along the radius. Radial tires are characterized by increased mileage, reduced heat generation, and their use can reduce fuel consumption.

The world's largest tire manufacturers are Michelin (France), Goodyear, Firestone and Goodrich (USA), Bridgestone, Sumitomo and Yokohama (Japan), Dunlop (Great Britain), Continental "and" Metzeler "(Germany)," Pirelli "(Italy).

According to Rosstat, in 2004 the total production of tires in Russia was 39.3 million units. This is the highest level of production since 1990. One of the main directions of the restructuring of the automotive industry in recent years has been the development of the production of low-tonnage vehicles with a carrying capacity of 0.3 to 1.5 tons (Gazelle and similar models), which entailed a reorientation of tire factories for the manufacture of light truck tires.

The tire industry in Russia in 2002 included 12 enterprises. Tire production is available in all economic regions of the country, except for the North, North Caucasian and Far Eastern regions.

The largest enterprise in the industry - Nizhnekamskshina (trade mark "Kama") was founded in 1968.
In recent years, the company has been commissioning new production facilities, which is largely facilitated by the support of the owner - the Tatneft company. The enterprise is the main supplier of KamAZ, and also supplies tires to AvtoVAZ.

Yaroslavl Tire Plant is the first in Russia and, perhaps, the most famous enterprise in the industry (since 1932). Many people know it by the name of the Yaroslavl football team "Shinnik". The plant ranks first in the country in the production of tires for agricultural machinery. The consumers of the products are UAZ, Lipetsk and Minsk Tractor Plants, as well as MAZ, GAZ, ZIL, aviation plants.

The Omsk Tire Plant was commissioned in 1942. Initially, it was focused on the production of truck tires, but in recent years the range of products has changed towards the production of tires for passenger cars. At the Omsk enterprise in 1995, a Russian-Slovak joint venture "Matador-Omskshina" was created. It specializes in the production of lightweight radial tires using Slovak technology.

The Kirov Tire Plant was opened in 1943 to meet the needs of the front. At present the enterprise cooperates with GAZ, UAZ, ZIL, IzhAvto, Arzamas machine-building plant, Pavlovsky bus. In February 2002, a contract was signed between the owner of the plant, Amtel, and the Finnish Nokian Renkaat, to start joint tire production in Russia.

Volgograd Tire Plant (Voltyr OJSC) was founded in 1964. This enterprise is a recognized leader in the production of tires for agricultural machinery. Voltyre agricultural tires are used in all neighboring countries and in many other countries of Europe, Asia and Africa.

The Voronezh Tire Plant was put into operation in 1950. For the first time in the country, the plant mastered the production of two-color bicycle tires and oversized tires for road construction machines.

The Moscow Tire Plant was commissioned in November 1945. About 60% of the manufactured products are sold in Moscow and the Moscow Region. The very location of the plant in the Dubrovka area, close to the largest metropolitan auto industries, predetermines the close nature of technological ties. Tires of the Moscow plant (trademark "Taganka") are equipped with automobile plants ZIL, GAZ, VAZ, IzhAvto, SeAZ.

The Ural Tire Plant was founded in 1943, when the equipment of the Moscow Experimental Tire Plant evacuated to Sverdlovsk was put into operation. The company produces bias tires for cars and trucks, motorcycles and scooters, electric forklifts and electric carts. The enterprise supplies its products to the Urals, Siberia, and Central Russia.
In 2001, a new line of radial truck tires was launched, and the production of radial passenger tires was launched.

Barnaul and Krasnoyarsk tire factories, in addition to car tires, produce a wide range of tires for aviation. In 1993, OJSC "Supershina" was established in Krasnoyarsk for the production of large-sized tires for BelAZ (the proximity of the coal-mining and mining regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions, Khakassia affects).

Petersburg plant "Petroshina" in 1990 left the structure of the association "Red Triangle". The company specializes in the production of tires for motorcycles, bicycles, mopeds.

In the last two or three years, two more joint ventures of the industry have emerged in Russia. In Vsevolozhsk (Leningrad region) a plant of the Finnish concern “Nokian” was opened (the similarity of natural conditions in Russia and Finland increases the popularity of winter tires of this famous brand). In the village of Davydovo near Moscow (Orekhovo-Zuevsky District, Moscow Region), the Michelena tire plant was launched.

The share of foreign brands in the Russian car tire market is no more than 15%, and it is unlikely to grow in the near future. Indeed, at Russian tire factories there is an increase in production, the quality of tires is improving, and modern technologies are being used. Import growth is hampered by high import duties on retreaded and passenger car tires.

Russia imports tires, but also exports them. About 15% of all tires for passenger cars produced in Russia go abroad, mainly to the CIS countries. The export of Russian passenger car tires to industrialized countries of the world in the foreseeable future is unlikely to acquire any noticeable significance. But truck tires from Russia compete successfully in foreign markets.

Russian tire production *
2002, thousand pieces

Company	Town	Production
Nizhnekamskshina	Nizhnekamsk (Tatarstan)	9 801
Yaroslavl Tire Plant	Yaroslavl	5 761
Omskshina	Omsk	5 053
Kirov tire plant	Kirov	3 064
Voltyre	Volgograd	3 033
Voronezh tire plant	Voronezh	2 224
Moscow tire plant	Moscow	2 190
Ural tire plant	Ekaterinburg	1 702
Matador-Omskshina	Omsk	1 444
Barnaul tire plant	Barnaul	723
Krasnoyarsk tire plant	Krasnoyarsk	655
Petroshina	St. Petersburg	153
Total across Russia		35 804

* Including tires for automobiles, buses, agricultural vehicles, motorcycles and scooters.

According to Rosstat