The largest metallurgical plant. Large metallurgical plants, partial cycle plants, processing metallurgy. Lead and zinc

It would seem that 2015 favored the metallurgists included in the Forbes rating. Without exception, all companies in this sector have increased their ruble-denominated revenue compared to 2014. In total, compared to 2014, it grew by 19% and amounted to almost 5 trillion rubles. or about 6% of GDP. Growth amid falling prices and demand for metallurgists was provided by the falling ruble. "The industry is 46% export-oriented and generates almost 10% of all foreign exchange earnings from the foreign economic activity of our country," said Industry Minister Denis Manturov at a meeting on the development of the industry at the end of March.

But in the first approximation, it becomes clear that the industry is in crisis. The results of Evraz of Roman Abramovich and Alexander Abramov, who became the leader of the rating among metallurgists, are indicative. In dollars, the company's revenue fell by 32.9% to $ 8.8 billion, and EBITDA - by 38.9% to $ 1.4 billion, follows from IFRS for 2015. The reason is the fall in demand and prices for the main products (steel, rails and coal), Evraz explained in its financial statements. As a result, the net debt / EBITDA ratio increased to 3.7, and the loss amounted to $ 719 million.

Oleg Deripaska's UC Rusal took the second place in the industry rating. Although the ruble revenue of the aluminum holding increased by almost one and a half times, the dollar figure, as follows from the IFRS reporting, decreased. True, not as dramatic as Evraz - only by 7.2% to $ 8.7 billion. The prices for aluminum and alumina are to blame, which decreased compared to 2014 by 9.8% and 8.2%, respectively. At the same time, the company managed to reduce the cost of aluminum products by 16% (mainly due to the depreciation of the ruble and the Ukrainian hryvnia). This allowed UC Rusal to receive $ 558 million in net profit and for the first time since 2008 to pay $ 243 million in interim dividends ($ 0.016 per share).

Mechanical engineering, construction, electrical engineering - all these and many other spheres cannot be imagined without metallurgy. What is this industry? How are metals mined? What are they like? The answers to these questions can be found in the article.

Definition

Metallurgy is a branch of industry that deals with the extraction of raw materials, the production of alloys, the disposal of waste and the production of products from the obtained alloys.

Metallurgy, depending on the raw materials, is divided into ferrous and non-ferrous. The first group includes metals containing iron, chromium and manganese. To the second - all the others.

The process of manufacturing metal products includes such stages as:

mining and preparation of ore;

• disposal.

The metallurgical industry includes processes for obtaining many elements of the periodic table, in addition to gases and halides.

Black

Ferrous metallurgy is a branch of metallurgy that deals with the production of alloys from iron, manganese and chromium.

Iron naturally occurs in ore in the form of carbonates, hydroxide and oxide. Therefore, the first stage of production in ferrous metallurgy is the release of iron from ore using a blast furnace at a temperature of more than +1000 C. If necessary, at this stage, the properties of the metal are changed.

Ferrous metallurgy includes such areas as:

• extraction and processing of nonmetallic raw materials;
• production of ferrous metals;
• production of pipes from steel and cast iron;
• by-product coke industry;
• secondary processing of raw materials.

Products manufactured at metallurgical plants are:

main, that is, the final product, ready for use;

by-product, that is, the product that is obtained in the production of the main product;

by-product, that is, the products remaining after the production of the main and by-products, which are used either as recyclable materials or as they are.

Mining

Metals are obtained by extraction from ores or recyclable materials. All ore containing valuable elements is divided into rich (more than 55% of valuable elements), poor (less than 50%) and poor (less than 25%).

There are three main methods used to mine ore:

open;

underground;

combined.

The open method is the most common and economical. With this method, the enterprise organizes the necessary infrastructure and develops the deposit with open pits.

The underground method is used when the rocks lie deep underground. Compared to the open method, this method is more expensive due to the need for special technical equipment. In addition, it is more relevant than other methods, since the reserves of iron ore lying close to the surface are practically depleted. More than 70% of the iron ore is mined in this way.

The combined method, as the name implies, combines the above two methods.

Production

In metallurgy, the production of ferrous metals is understood as a complex technological process that can be divided into two stages:

pig iron production;

processing of pig iron into steel.

The required materials for the production of pig iron are iron ore, fuel (coke) and flux. It is in this order that they are loaded into blast furnaces, where, under the weight of their own mass, they sink to the bottom of the furnace. In the lower part of the furnace there are holes - firms through which heated air is supplied to maintain the combustion process. As a result of smelting, iron and other elements are reduced from the ore, and the slag and cast iron obtained in the process are poured out through special holes - slag and cast iron tap holes.

The process of converting pig iron into steel involves reducing the level of carbon and impurities by selective oxidation and converting them into slag during smelting. For this, ferroalloys containing Al, Mn and Si are introduced into molten iron. They form sparingly soluble oxides in steel, which partially float into the slag.

Products and services

Ferrous metallurgy products are widely used in mechanical engineering, construction, utilities, military-industrial complex and agriculture.

The main products of ferrous metallurgy include:

rolled metal (sheet, shaped, high-quality);

finished rental;

• pig iron and foundry;

  refractories;

  chemical products.

Colored

Non-ferrous metallurgy includes all types of metals, except for iron-containing ones. The industry itself is divided into metallurgy of light and heavy metals, which are based on such properties of the metal as density and weight. All types of metals used in non-ferrous metallurgy can be divided into:

lungs, which include magnesium, aluminum, titanium;

heavy, which include tin, zinc, lead, nickel, copper;

rare earths, which include erbium, terbium, samarium, praseodymium, neodymium, lanthanum, dysprosium, cerium, yttrium;

artificial, which include americium, technetium;

small ones, which include mercury, cobalt, arsenic, antimony, cadmium, bismuth;

scattered, which include selenium, germanium, thallium, indium, gallium, zirconium;

alloying materials, which include vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten;

noble ones, which include platinum, gold, silver.

Compared to ferrous metallurgy, non-ferrous metallurgy is more energy-intensive. This is due to the low content of useful substances in non-ferrous metals and, as a consequence, a large amount of waste that requires special disposal and processing by chemical methods.

Extraction of raw materials and their beneficiation

Non-ferrous metals are obtained from ore concentrate, that is, from beneficiated ore. Beneficiation is understood as the separation of ore into metals and minerals, which makes it possible to artificially increase the content of metals in raw materials. Separation uses technologies such as crushing, grinding, screening and dewatering processing. After the metal is obtained from the ore, it is processed and polished.

After all these processes, the metal is sent to workshops or enterprises, where the necessary products will be manufactured - machines, pipes, machines, etc.

Refining

Rough metals contain various impurities that affect the physicochemical properties of metals, and also contain important expensive elements, such as gold or silver. Therefore, one of the most important stages of metal processing is refining, that is, cleaning. Refining is carried out in three ways:

electrolytic - used for deep cleaning of non-ferrous metals;

chemical, which is also called refining, is used in deep refining of gold;

pyrometallurgical - used in the production of high-purity metals and is divided into fractional, liquation, oxidative refining.

Alloy production

An alloy is a substance consisting of two or more metals and non-metals, for example, carbon, phosphorus, arsenic.

Alloys are not made from two similar metals. For example zinc and lead.

The most valuable alloys are:

bronze is a compound of copper and tin;

brass - a compound of copper and zinc;

duralumin is a compound of aluminum, copper, iron, silicon, magnesium and manganese;

tungsten carbide - a compound of tungsten with carbon and cobalt;

nichrome - a compound of nickel, chromium and iron;

alni is a compound of non-magnetic aluminum, nickel and cobalt.

Industry products

To a person unfamiliar with metallurgy, when mentioning non-ferrous metals, gold and silver are the first to come to mind. All the variety of non-ferrous metallurgy was considered above. Here we will consider the products that are produced in this area. It:

• long products - hexagon, bar, wire;
• sheet metal - strip, tape, sheet.

In addition to the profile, chemical products are produced at metallurgical plants and combines - chlorine, potash, sulfuric acid, elemental sulfur, zinc and copper sulfate.



Types of bases and factors of their placement

Before considering the main metallurgical bases in the world and in Russia, it is worth briefly describing the types of bases and the factors of their location.

In the metallurgical industry, there are 3 types of bases.

A base working with its own ore and coal.

A base working either with its own ore and imported coal, or with imported ore and its own coal.

Working close to coal ponds or not far from the consumer.

Factors affecting the location of metallurgical centers include:

consumer, which includes the proximity of large machine-building complexes - the main consumers of steel;

ecological, which includes outdated enterprises that use one of the "dirtiest" production methods - the blast furnace process;

transport, which includes enterprises using imported ore and coal, as they are located far from their sources;

fuel, which includes enterprises located near coal basins;

raw, which includes enterprises located close to ore locations.

Metallurgy in the world

World metallurgy is concentrated in 98 countries of the world, of which ore is mined only in 50. The leaders are five countries - China, Brazil, Russia, Australia and India, which supply 80% of raw materials to the world market. Most of the world's ore reserves are of medium to low quality material that requires beneficiation during production. There are very few high quality ores in the world. For example, the reserves of Russia, as one of the leaders in the metallurgical industry, account for only 12% of the world's reserves.

Most of the ore is mined in China, and the most useful iron is in Russia.

The leading companies that regulate the global process of mining and production of ore and metals are Arcelor Mittal, Hebei Iron & Steel, Nippon Steel.

Arcelor Mittal is a merger company from India and Luxembourg. It owns enterprises in 60 countries of the world, including the Russian Severstal-Resource and the Ukrainian Krivorozhstal.

Hebei Iron & Steel Group is another merger company. But it is not a private, but a state-owned enterprise registered in China. A unique product is produced here - ultra-thin cold-rolled sheet and steel plates. In addition to mining and production, the company is engaged in research activities and investments.

Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Industries is the Japanese leader in steel production. The blast furnaces of this company were installed back in 1857.

Metallurgy of Russia

In the Russian economy, metallurgy ranks second after the oil and gas industry. More than 2% of working citizens in the country work in this area at 1.5 thousand enterprises.

In the Russian Federation, there are three main bases of ferrous metallurgy, the location of which is explained by the proximity of ore sources and coal basins:

Ural;

Siberian;

Central.

The oldest and largest metallurgical enterprise is Ural, where half of all ferrous metallurgy products in Russia are produced. The centers of the Ural metallurgy are Yekaterinburg, Nizhniy Tagil, Chelyabinsk and Magnitogorsk. The largest enterprises are the Chusovsky Metallurgical Plant and the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant.

The Siberian metallurgical base is the youngest of the three and is being built to replace the Ural base, where metal reserves have been depleted and are practically depleted. There are only two large metallurgical plants located here - Kuznetsk and West Siberian.

The central metallurgical base is located in the Belgorod and Kursk regions. The largest metallurgical plant and plants is the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant and plants in Stary Oskol and Tula.

93% of the output falls on the share of six large centers of metallurgy. It:

PJSC Severstal;

Mechel OJSC;

Evraz;

OJSC Metalloinvest;

OJSC Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant;

OJSC “Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant”.

Metallurgy is an industry that plays an important role in the life of every person.

Introduction ………………………………………………………………… 2 p.

1.The structure of the metallurgical complex ………………………… .4p.

1.1. The main metallurgical bases of Russia ……………………… 4p.

1.2. Ferrous metallurgy ……………………………………………. 6 p.

1.3. Non-ferrous metallurgy ………………………………………… .9 p.

2. The current state of the metallurgical complex ………… 14p.

2.1. Problems and prospects for the development of the metallurgical complex ……………………………………………………………… 14 p.

2.2. Russia's share in world metallurgy ………………………… ..14 p.

2.3. Environmental problems of the metallurgical complex ... ..17 p.

Conclusion ………………………………………………………… ..19 p.

References ……………………………………………………… .20 p.

Introduction.

Metallurgical complex Is a set of industries covering all stages of technological processes: from the extraction and processing of raw materials to the production of products in the form of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and their alloys. It includes ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. 90% of all metals used in modern production are ferrous metals, i.e. iron and alloys obtained on its basis. However, the total number of non-ferrous metals is much larger (there are more than 70 types), they have more valuable properties. Non-ferrous metallurgy is of great importance for industries that ensure the development of the scientific and technical process in the national economy.

The metallurgical complex is an interdependent combination of the following technological processes:

- extraction and preparation of raw materials for processing (extraction, enrichment, agglomeration, obtaining the necessary concentrates, etc.);

- metallurgical limit - the main technological process with the production of cast iron, steel, rolled ferrous and non-ferrous metals, pipes, etc .;

- production of alloys;

- utilization of wastes of the main production and receipt of secondary types of products from them.

Depending on the combination of these technological processes, the following types of production in the metallurgical complex are distinguished:

1) production of a full cycle, which are represented, as a rule, by factories, in which all the named stages of the technological process operate simultaneously;

2) the production of an incomplete cycle is an enterprise in which not all stages of the technological process are carried out, for example, in ferrous metallurgy only steel or rolled products are produced, but there is no production of pig iron, or only rolled products are produced. The incomplete cycle also includes the electrothermy of ferroalloys, electrometallurgy, etc.

Enterprises of an incomplete cycle, or "small metallurgy", are called limiting, are presented in the form of separate divisions for the production of foundry iron, steel or rolled products as part of large machine-building enterprises of the country.

The location of metallurgical plants is greatly influenced by:

- features of the use of raw materials (ore);

- the type of energy used to obtain metal;

- geography of raw materials and energy sources;

- provision of the territory with transport routes.

There are some differences in the location of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. Non-ferrous metal ores have a low metal content; therefore, non-ferrous metallurgy, especially the production of heavy metals, focuses mainly on raw materials. The production of light metals requires a lot of electricity and water. Therefore, the enterprises that smelt them, as a rule, are concentrated near large hydroelectric power plants.

In the territorial structure of the national economy of Russia, the metallurgical complex has regional and complex-forming significance. Modern metallurgical enterprises, by the nature of their internal technological ties, are metallurgical and energy chemical plants.

In addition to the main production, metallurgical enterprises create production based on the utilization of various kinds of secondary resources, raw materials and materials (sulfuric acid production, heavy organic synthesis for the production of benzene, ammonia and other chemical products, the production of building materials - cement, block products, as well as phosphoric and nitrogen fertilizers, etc.).

1. The structure of the metallurgical complex.

1.1. Metallurgical bases of Russia.

One of the peculiarities of the location of metallurgical enterprises is unevenness, as a result of which metallurgical complexes are distributed in "clots".

The Ural metallurgical base is the largest in Russia and is second only to the Southern metallurgical base of Ukraine within the CIS in terms of ferrous metals production. On the scale of Russia, it also ranks first in the production of non-ferrous metals. The share of the Ural metallurgy accounts for 52% of pig iron, 56% of steel and more than 52% of rolled ferrous metals from the volumes produced on the scale of the former USSR. She is the oldest in Russia. The Urals uses imported Kuznetsk coal. Our own iron ore base is depleted, therefore a significant part of raw materials is imported from Kazakhstan, from the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly and Karelia. The development of its own iron ore base was associated with the development of the Kachkanarsky titanomagnetite deposit (Sverdlovsk region) and the Baikalsky siderite deposit (Chelyabinsk region), which account for more than half of the region's iron ore reserves. The largest enterprises for their extraction are the Kachkanar Mining and Processing Plant (GOK) and the Baikalskoye Ore Administration. The largest centers of ferrous metallurgy were formed in the Urals: Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Tagil, Yekaterinburg, Serov, Zlatoust, etc.

The Urals is one of the main regions for the production of steel pipes for oil and gas pipelines, the largest enterprises are located in Chelyabinsk, Pervouralsk, Kamensk - Uralsk.

The central metallurgical base is an area of ​​intensive development of cheap iron ore mining. The development of ferrous metallurgy is based on the use of the largest deposits of iron ores of the KMA, as well as metallurgical scrap and on imported coals - Donetsk, Pechora and Kuznetsk.

The central metallurgical base includes large enterprises of the full metallurgical cycle: Novolipetsk Metallurgical Combine and Novotulsky Plant, Metallurgical Plant Svobodny Sokol (Lipetsk), Elektrostal near Moscow.

The zone of influence and territorial ties of the Center also includes metallurgy of the North of the European part of Russia, which accounts for more than 5% of the iron ore reserves of the Russian Federation and over 21% of iron ore production. Quite large enterprises operate here: the Cherepovets metallurgical plant, the Olenegorsk and Kovdorsk mining and processing plants, etc.

The metallurgical base of Siberia is in the process of formation. Siberia and the Far East account for about a fifth of the pig iron and finished rolled products produced in Russia and 15% of steel. The basis for the formation of the Siberian metallurgical base is the iron ore of Gornaya Shoria, Khakassia, Angara - Ilimsky iron ore basin, and the fuel base is the Kuznetsk coal basin. Modern production is represented by two large enterprises: the Kuznetsk metallurgical plant and the West Siberian plant.

The iron ore base of the country is represented by the following enterprises. In the north-west of the country: Olenegorsky GOK, OJSC Kovodvorsky GOK and Karelsky Okatysh OJSC. They fully meet the needs of JSC Severstal in iron ore raw materials.

.

The Siberian base is the youngest of the country's bases and is in the process of being formed. Prospects for its development are associated with the construction of metallurgical plants in Eastern Siberia (Taishet) and in the Far East.

A new metallurgical base began to form in the Northern region, namely in the city of Cherepovets, where one of the largest metallurgical plants in the country is located. The Cherepovets Metallurgical Plant uses iron ore from the Kola Peninsula (Kovdorsky and Olenegorsky GOKs) and Karelia (Kostomuksha GOK), coking coal from the Pechora Basin. There is a processing plant in St. Petersburg.

1.2 Ferrous metallurgy.

Ferrous metallurgy is one of the most important sectors of the economic complex of Russia; it serves as the foundation for the development of many industries, primarily mechanical engineering.

For the production of ferrous metals (annual steel production is about 50 million tons, or 7% of its world production), Russia occupies the 4th place in the world - after China (107 million tons), Japan (105 million tons ) and the United States (about 100 million tons) and 1st in their exports (about 25 million tons, or more than 10% of world exports).

The ferrous metallurgy of Russia is distinguished by its complexity of composition, a high level of concentration and combination of production. The overwhelming majority (about 9/10) of pig iron, steel and rolled products are provided by large enterprises with a full technological cycle - metallurgical plants.

As part of the country's metallurgical complex, there are also factories that produce only pig iron and steel, or separately pig iron, steel and rolled products (that is, enterprises of converting metallurgy). A special group is formed by enterprises of small metallurgy), production of steel and rolled products at machine-building plants) and enterprises with electrometallurgical production of steel and ferroalloys.

The location of enterprises of the full cycle (cast iron - steel - rolled products), conversion, small-scale metallurgy and electro-metallurgy is determined by the action of various factors.

The raw materials and fuel and energy factors play a decisive role in the location of full-cycle ferrous metallurgy enterprises, that is, the supply of raw materials (iron ore) and fuel (coal, coke). The availability of water resources is also of great importance (for the smelting of 1 ton of pig iron, up to 30 cubic meters of circulating water is required).

In 1997, Russia produced 71 million tons of iron ore and produced about 28 million tons of coke.

In the extraction of iron ore, the Central Black Earth Region is the leader (it concentrates more than 30% of the total volume of its production in the country), where KM A is located with its deposits and mining and processing plants of world importance. This is followed by the Urals, Northern Region, Eastern and Western Siberia. In the production of coke, the first is the West Siberian region (Kuznetsk basin), then the European North (Pechora basin) and the Far East (South Yakutsk basin).

In all these regions for the extraction of iron ore and coking coal, powerful (largest in the country) metallurgical plants arose - Novolipetsk (in the Central Chernozem), Cherepovets (in the North), Magnitogorsk, Nizhnetagil, Chelyabinsk and Orsko-Khalilovsk ( in the Urals), West Siberian and Kuznetsk (in Western Siberia).

Conversion metallurgy enterprises are mainly focused on regions and centers of developed machine-building, which have large sources of secondary raw materials and at the same time are places of consumption of finished products (steel, rolled products). They were created in the North Caucasus (Krasny Sulen, Ta-ganrog), in Povolzhsky (Volgograd, Naberezhnye Chelny, Togliatti, etc.), Volgo-Vyatsky (Nizhny Novgorod), Central (Moscow, Elektrostal), Severo-Za -western (St. Petersburg), Ural (Yekaterinburg, Izhevsk, etc.), West Siberian (Novosibirsk), East Siberian (Krasnoyarsk, Petrovsk - Zabaikalsky, etc.) and Far East (Komsomolsk - on - Amur ) regions, i.e. practically in all economic regions of the country. Small (shop) metallurgy is located directly at large machine-building plants.

Due to the high consumption of electricity (up to 9 thousand kWh per 1 ton of metal), the electrometallurgy of ferroalloys has developed in areas where the production of cheap electricity is combined with the resources of alloying metals. (Chelyabinsk in the Urals, etc.) The aggregate of ferrous metallurgy enterprises (of all types) located in one or neighboring regions, together with their raw materials and fuel base, form regions (bases) of ferrous metallurgy.

Siberian base (West Siberian, East Siberian and Far Eastern regions) . The raw material base is the iron ore of Gornaya Shoria, Khakassia, Anga-ro-Ilimsky, Angara-Pitsky and Aldan basins. Fuel base - Kuzbass and South Yakutsk Basin. There are large mining and processing plants - Korshunovsky and Rudnogorsky in the Irkutsk region. Metal production is represented by the Kuznetsk and West Siberian Metallurgical Combines (both located in Novokuznetsk), processing plants (Novosibirsk, Guryevsk, Krasnoyarsk, Petrovsk - Zabaikalsky, Komsomolsk - on - Amur), ferroplav plants (Novokuznetsk).

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Metallurgical enterprises of Russia

The list of metallurgical plants operating in Russia has been expanded. Contact information allows you to clarify the location of the organization, as well as find out the phone number and go to the official website of the plant of interest.

Metallurgical plants for their products can be divided into two areas: ferrous metallurgy and non-ferrous metallurgy. Products manufactured by enterprises are manufactured in a number of industries:
1. Extraction of non-metallic raw materials (for example, refractory clays).
2. Production of various pipes (execution of steel and cast iron pipes).
3. Creation of ferrous metals (steel, rolled metal, cast iron, ferrous metal powders and much more).
4. Creation of coke and coke oven gas, etc.
5. Re-processing of metal. For example, cutting up scrap and waste of ferrous metals.

The products of metallurgical enterprises are supplied to machine-building and construction organizations, as well as exported abroad. When performing all work, all standards and GOSTs are observed, ensuring the quality of the final product.

List of active organizations

Ashinskiy metallurgical plant (Asha city)

Abinsk electrometallurgical plant (Abinsk city)

Alapaevsk Metallurgical Plant (Alapaevsk)

Barnaul chain factory (city of Barnaul)

Verkhnyaya Salda Metallurgical Plant (Verkhnyaya Salda)

Volgograd Metallurgical Plant (mountains.

Metallurgy of Russia

Volgograd)

Verkh-Isetsky Metallurgical Plant (Yekaterinburg)

Vyartsilya Metallurgical Plant (Vyartsilya city)

Verkhnyaya Sinyachikha Metallurgical Plant (Verkhnyaya Sinyachikha Mountain)

Vyksa Metallurgical Plant (Vyksa)

Vishnevogorsk metallurgical plant (Vishnevogorsk city)

Guryev Metallurgical Plant (Guryevsk)

Zlatoust Metallurgical Plant (Zlatoust city)

Izhevsk plant of forging and pressing equipment (Izhevsk)

Izhevsk Metallurgical Plant (Izhevsk)

Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Plant (Kamensk-Uralsky)

Kulebaki Metallurgical Plant (Kulebaki city)

Kosogorsk Metallurgical Plant (Tula)

Kaluga non-ferrous metal processing plant (Kaluga city)

Krasnoyarsk Metallurgical Plant (Krasnoyarsk)

Lysva Metallurgical Plant (Lysva city)

Moscow Metallurgical Plant (Moscow)

Metallurgical plant named after A.K. Serov (Serov city)

Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (city of Magnitogorsk)

Nizhny Novgorod Metallurgical Plant (Nizhny Novgorod)

Nadezhda Metallurgical Plant (Norilsk)

Novgorod Metallurgical Plant (Veliky Novgorod)

Nizhneserginsky hardware and metallurgical plant (Revda city)

Nizhny Tagil Metallurgical Plant (Nizhny Tagil city)

Novokuznetsk metallurgical plant (Novokuznetsk city)

Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant (Lipetsk city)

Nytvensky metallurgical plant (Nytva city)

Novosibirsk Metallurgical Plant named after Kuzmina (Novosibirsk city)

Oskol Metallurgical Engineering Plant (Stary Oskol)

Omutninsky metallurgical plant (Omutninsk city)

Podolsk Chemical and Metallurgical Plant (Podolsk)

Revda non-ferrous metals processing plant (Revda city)

Salda Metallurgical Plant (Nizhnyaya Salda)

Sredneuralsk metallurgical plant (city of Sredneuralsk)

Samara Metallurgical Plant (Samara)

Sverdlovsk Metallurgical Plant (Yekaterinburg)

Stupino Metallurgical Plant (Stupino city)

Staroutkinskiy metallurgical plant (city of Staroutkinsk)

Sulinsky Metallurgical Plant (Krasny Sulin)

Taganrog Metallurgical Plant (city of Taganrog)

Ufaley Plant of Metallurgical Engineering (Verkhniy Ufaley)

Ural Metallurgical Plant (Yekaterinburg)

Chusovoy Metallurgical Plant (Chusovoy)

Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant (Chelyabinsk city)

Cherepovets Metallurgical Plant (Cherepovets)

Shchelkovo Metallurgical Plant (Shchelkovo)

Overview of the metallurgical industry in Russia

Ferrous metallurgy

Ferrous metallurgy includes subsectors:

1. Extraction of non-metallic raw materials for ferrous metallurgy: refractory clays, flux raw materials, etc.
2. Ferrous metal production, including steel, cast iron, rolled metal, ferrous metal powders, blast furnace ferroalloys.
3. Pipe production: production of steel and cast iron pipes.
4. Coke-chemical production: production of coke, coke oven gas, etc.
5. Secondary processing of ferrous metals: cutting of scrap and waste of ferrous metals.

Ferrous metallurgy enterprises can have a full cycle (production of cast iron, steel and rolled products), refer to conversion metallurgy (only steel and rolled products, no pig iron production) or small metallurgy (machine-building plants producing steel and rolled products).

Ferrous metallurgy enterprises are located close to sources of raw materials. Iron and steel plants are located close to iron ore deposits and forests (as charcoal is needed to restore iron).

The metallurgical complex of Russia - the main centers of metallurgy and problems

During the construction of metallurgical enterprises, the provision of electricity, natural gas and water is also taken into account.

Ural metallurgical base

Sources of ore: Kachkanar deposits, Kursk magnetic anomaly, Kustanai deposits (Kazakhstan).

The largest enterprises of the full cycle: Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant (the largest in Russia), Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant (Mechel OJSC), Nizhniy Tagil Metallurgical Plant (EVRAZ), Ural Steel Plant (Novotroitsk, Metalloinvest holding), Beloretsk Metallurgical Plant (OAO Mechel), Ashinskiy Metallurgical Plant, Metallurgical Plant named after A.K.Serov (Serov; UMMC holding), Chusovoy Metallurgical Plant (United Metallurgical Company holding).

The largest enterprises of converting metallurgy: OOO Viz-Stal (Yekaterinburg, the former Verkh-Isetsky metallurgical plant), IzhStal (Izhevsk, Mechel OJSC), Chelyabinsk Pipe-Rolling Plant (ChTPZ holding), Chelyabinsk Ferroalloy plant (the largest in Russia for the production of ferroalloys), Serov Ferroalloy Plant, Pervouralsk Novotrubny Plant (ChTPZ holding), Ural Pipe Plant (Pervouralsk), Zlatoust Metallurgical Plant, Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant.

Central metallurgical base

Sources of ore: Kursk magnetic anomaly, deposits of the Kola Peninsula.

The largest enterprises of the full cycle: Cherepovets Metallurgical Plant (OJSC Severstal), Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant, Kosogorsky Metallurgical Plant (Tula), Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant (Stary Oskol).

The largest enterprises of converting metallurgy: Cherepovets Steel Rolling Plant (OJSC Severstal), Oryol Steel Rolling Plant, Electrostal Metallurgical Plant (Elektrostal), Hammer and Sickle Metallurgical Plant (Moscow), Izhora Pipe Plant (St. Petersburg, JSC "Severstal"), Vyksa Metallurgical Plant (Vyksa, Nizhny Novgorod Region, JSC "OMK").

Siberian metallurgical base

Sources of ore: Gornaya Shoria deposits, Abakan deposits, Angara-Ilimsk deposits.

The largest enterprises of the full cycle: Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plant (EVRAZ), West Siberian Metallurgical Plant (Novokuznetsk, EVRAZ), Novokuznetsk Ferroalloy Plant.

The largest enterprises of converting metallurgy: Novosibirsk Metallurgical Plant named after Kuzmin, Metallurgical Plant "Sibelektrostal" (Krasnoyarsk), Guryev Metallurgical Plant (holding "ITF Group"), Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky Metallurgical Plant.

Non-ferrous metallurgy

Non-ferrous metallurgy includes the following processes:

• Extraction and beneficiation of non-ferrous metal ores.
• Smelting of non-ferrous metals and their alloys: heavy (copper, zinc, lead, nickel, tin) and light (aluminum, magnesium, titanium).

Heavy non-ferrous metal plants are located close to ore sources as they do not require a lot of energy. Plants for the production of light non-ferrous metals are located near sources of cheap energy.

Copper

The largest enterprises: Buribayevsky GOK, Gaysky GOK (UMMC holding), Karabashmed, Krasnouralsky copper smelting plant, Kirovgrad copper smelting plant, Mednogorsk copper and sulfur plant (UMMC holding), Ormet (Gazprom), Polymetals production (UGMK holding) "), Safyanovskaya copper (UMMC holding), Svyatogor (UMMC holding), Sredneuralsky copper smelter (UMMC holding), Uralelectromed (UMMC holding).

Lead and zinc

The largest enterprises: Bashkir copper and sulfur plant, Belovsky zinc plant, Gorevsky GOK, Dalpolimetal, Ryaztsvetmet, Sadonsky lead and zinc plant, Uchalinsky GOK, Chelyabinsk electrolytic and zinc plant, Electrozinc.

Nickel and cobalt

The largest enterprises: MMC Norilsk Nickel (owned by Interros), PO Rezhnikel (Gazprom), Ufaleinickel, Yuzhuralnickel.

Tin

The largest enterprises: Far East Mining Company, Dalolovo (NOK Company), Deputatskolovo, Novosibirsk Tin Plant, Khinganskoe Tin (NOK Company).

Aluminum

The largest enterprises: Achinsk Alumina Plant (RusAL Holding), Boguslavsky Aluminum Plant (SUAL Holding), Belokalitvinskoe Metallurgical Production Association (RusAL Holding), Boksitogorsk Alumina Plant, Bratsk Aluminum Plant (RusAL Holding), Volgograd Aluminum Plant , Volkhov aluminum plant, Irkutsk aluminum plant (SUAL holding), Kamensk-Uralsky metallurgical plant (SUAL holding), Kandalaksha aluminum plant (SUAL holding), Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant (RusAL holding), Mikhalyum (holding SUAL), Nadvoitsky aluminum plant (SUAL holding), Novokuznetsk aluminum plant (RusAL holding), Samara metallurgical plant (RusAL holding), Sayan aluminum plant (RusAL holding), Stupino metallurgical company ( Gazprom "), Ural Aluminum Plant (SUAL Holding), Foil Rolling Plant.

Tungsten and molybdenum

The largest enterprises: Hydrometallurg, Zhirekensky GOK, Kirovgrad hard alloys plant, Lermontovskaya mining company, Primorsky GOK, Sorsky GOK.

Titanium and magnesium

The largest enterprises: AVISMA, VSMPO, Solikamsk magnesium plant.

Rare earth metals

The largest enterprises: Zabaikalsky GOK, Orlovsky GOK, Sevredmet (CJSC FTK).

There are three main categories of market participants - factories (end consumers of recyclable materials), receivers (resellers) and people who want to hand over scrap metal (these can be individuals and legal entities). Each of them wants to get the greatest benefit, and in order to hand over metal at the best price, you need to understand what the price of receiving scrap depends on.

The most important factor is the policy of metallurgical companies, which are the final consumer of recyclable materials, which accept them for the production of products for the purpose of economic benefits in production. The purchase price of such factories determines the cost of admission in cities.

Seasonality. Usually, the highest prices are in December January, lower in summer. This is due to a decrease in the flow of scrap from the population, and the factories are forced to stimulate the delivery of scrap in the winter.

Scrap quality is an important factor to pay attention to. The presence of impurities in the metal reduces its cost.

Acceptance price will depend on the type of metal, the volume to be handed over, purity and its condition.

Where can I find the purchase prices of the mills for ferrous scrap?

The following seven largest metallurgical plants in Russia have the greatest influence on the pricing of the ferrous metals market: MMK, Severstal, NLMK, ChMK, OZSMK, NSMMZ and VTZ. ()

To understand the market, you can see the current purchase prices on the official website of MMK (Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works). Here you can see information on the following types of scrap:

Group 1 - scrap of types 1A, 2A, 2A1, 3AP, 3AP2
Group 2 - scrap types 3A, 3A1, 4A, 5AP, 17A, 18A, 19A
Group 3 - scrap of types 3A2, 5A2, 8A, 9A, 10A
Group 4 - scrap types 5A, 11A, 12A, 12A1, 20A, 21A, 22A
Group 5 - scrap types 14A, 15A, 16A

(Prices are indicated for each region of Russia, with and without the railway tariff)