How to draw up realistic and accurate sales plans? Automation of the planning system. Main automated systems of operational and production planning Automated planning systems

3. Methods of planning Planning methods are understood as a certain way by which the planning process is carried out and specific problems are solved. In modern practice, the following planning methods are distinguished: balance, normative and

4. Principles of planning Any theory (and science) is based on certain principles, in connection with which the planning process is also based on a number of scientific principles that determine the direction and content of planning work. The following planning principles are distinguished: 1)

Automation See also "Computer and Thinking Machines", "Technology. Technology »Automation is the effort of men to simplify work enough for women to do. NN * Automation creates new areas of employment: more and more people are needed

Computer and thinking machines See also "Automation" I think it will be possible to sell about five computers on the world market. IBM director Thomas Watson in 1943 * The computer has the advantage over the brain that it is used. Gabriel Laub * Human nature

Technique. Technology See also Automation, Atomic Energy, Discovery. Inventions ”,“ Civilization and Progress ”What is science today - tomorrow is technology. Edward Teller * Washing machines only break down during washing. Yeager's Law * If spoiled long enough

Automation See also "Computer" (p.368) Automation is the efforts of men to simplify work so that women can do it. From the book by E. Mackenzie "14,000 phrases ..." Automation has created completely new areas of unemployment. From the book by E. Mackenzie "14,000 phrases ..." Difficult

- - [E.S. Alekseev, A.A. Myachev. The English Russian Explanatory Dictionary of Computer Systems Engineering. Moscow 1993] Topics information technology in general EN computer aided planningCAP ... Technical translator's guide

TechnologiCS- Program Type PDM Developer CSoft Development Operating system Windows Interface languages ​​Russian Latest version 6.2 (build 15917) (December 24, 2012) ... Wikipedia

point 4.8 pixel: The smallest element of the image matrix located at the intersection of n row and m column, where n is the horizontal component (row) and m is the vertical component (column). A source …

Control- 2 Management A set of targeted actions, including an assessment of the situation and the state of the control object. Selection of control actions and their implementation (GOST 34.003 90). With regard to personnel (as an object of management) under the control of ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Production automation- a process in the development of machine production, in which the functions of management and control, previously performed by a person, are transferred to instruments and automatic devices. A. p. Is the basis for the development of modern industry, general ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Labor productivity- (Labor productivity) Definition of labor productivity, indicators of labor productivity, labor efficiency Information on the definition of labor productivity, indicators of labor productivity, labor efficiency Contents Contents ... Investor encyclopedia

GOST R 53394-2009: Integrated logistics support. Basic terms and definitions- Terminology GOST R 53394 2009: Integrated logistics support. Key terms and definitions original document: Interactive Electronic Technical Publication 3.3.12 Definitions of the term from different documents: Interactive Electronic ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Production automation- the use of industrial robots KUKA in the bakery Production automation is a process in the development of machine production, while ... Wikipedia

Economic information system- (EIS) is a set of organizational, technical, software and information tools combined into a single system for the purpose of collecting, storing, processing and issuing the necessary information designed to perform functions ... ... Wikipedia

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Books

• Automated Software Testing Implementation Management and Operation, Dustin E., Rashka J., Paul J. The Automated Software Testing book is a comprehensive step-by-step guide to using the most effective tools, techniques and techniques ...

Course work

Development of an enterprise automation plan

Initial data

The NM numbers are determined by the last two digits of the record book number.

.The number of employees of the enterprise, which is determined by the formula:

H st = (N + 15) * 11 = (3 + 15) * 11 = 198;

.The size of the company's net profit for the last year

IF = (100-N) * 10 5=(100-3)*105= 9,700,000 UAH;

.The degree of utilization (load) of the corporate network at all levels of the hierarchy:

· at the US access level d = (20-M) * 0.8 = (20-5) * 0.8 = 12 Gbps;

· at the level of SD distribution R = (100-M) * 0.85 = (100-5) * 0.85 = 80.75 Gbps;

· at the core level UY = (100-M) * 0.8 = (100-5) * 0.8 = 76 Gbit / s;

Number of working stations in the network: US I am = H st * ((100-M) / 100) = 198 * ((100-5) / 100) = 188.1 pcs.;

The corporate network of the enterprise is built on the basis of FastEthernet technology, using switches of the second level and has a hierarchical tree structure. As part of the corporate network, there are three levels of hierarchy - the distribution level, the access level and the core level.

Introduction

Automation- These are complex actions of the organization and of an economic nature that reduce the participation of people in production, a process by which the efficiency of the enterprise (productivity) increases.

The introduction of an information management system in an enterprise implies the development and implementation of automation plans.

Automation planconsists of three stages:

.Expertise (analysis):

· Analysis of the organizational structure of the enterprise;

· Identification of the basic needs of the enterprise;

· Identification of opportunities;

· Formulation of the problem;

· Documenting the expected results.

2.Business process optimization (consulting):

· Development of regulations;

· Preparation of reporting forms;

· Development of a detailed action plan for implementation;

3.Implementation (implementation) of the project:

· Formation of technical specifications for implementation;

· Equipment supply;

· Installation of software equipment;

· Integration with the accounting system;

· User training;

· Experienced expertise.

1. Choice and justification of the method of enterprise automation

Automation of production is a process in the development of machine production, in which the functions of management and control, previously performed by a person, are transferred to instruments and automatic devices. Automation of production is the basis for the development of modern industry, the general direction of technical progress. The goal of production automation is to increase labor efficiency, improve the quality of products, and create conditions for the optimal use of all production resources. Distinguish between production automation: partial, complex and complete.

The main goals of automationthe activities of the enterprise are:

· Collection, processing, storage and presentation of data on the activities of the organization and the external environment in a form convenient for financial and any other analysis and use in making management decisions.

· Automation of the execution of business operations (technological operations) that make up the target activities of the enterprise.

· Automation of processes that ensure the implementation of the main activity.

· Improving labor efficiency, improving the quality of products, creating conditions for the optimal use of all production resources.

There are three types of automation enterprises:

· Partial automation;

· Patchwork automation;

· Complex (full) automation.

Partial automationinvolves the automation of certain branches of the enterprise, for example, the accounting department.

Patchwork automation- This is a phased complex automation of the enterprise. With patchwork automation, industries are highlighted that need to be automated in the first place (sales and procurement planning), secondly (production, warehouse stocks, payroll, HR department) and the third stage (accounting). Patchwork automation is organized by an ERP system module or using systems that are compatible with each other, but this is expensive.

Stages of patchwork automation:

1)The planning of business processes related to sales is automated;

2)Everything related to production, warehouse stocks, human stocks is automated;

)Financial components are automated (accounting, personnel department, salary, etc.).

Complex automationinvolves the automation of all industries at the same time. This method is used very rarely, because when using it, a very large workload on personnel and inevitable organizational and psychological problems of implementation are provided.

When developing this project, we will use the patchwork automation of the enterprise.

2. Determination of the organizational and staff structure of the "Greenwich" enterprise

Determining the organizational and staff structure of the enterprise allows you to determine the automation queue of various enterprise profiles and see which departments are included in these profiles, and which business processes include these departments.

At this stage, it is necessary to identify the key employees and other project participants who will work during the selection.

Figure 2.1. the organizational and staff structure of the enterprise is presented. Let's consider this scheme in more detail:

· General Director - his main task is the growth and development of the company, as well as increasing its competitiveness and strengthening its position in the market.

· Marketing Director - a manager belonging to the category of top management, senior management of the enterprise. Determines the marketing strategy of the enterprise, makes decisions at the highest level, manages the work of the marketing department of the enterprise.

· The commercial director is responsible for the proper organization of work on the sale of products, executive and labor discipline of employees of commercial services, the safety of information, and ensuring safe working conditions.

· The executive director organizes the work and effective interaction of production units and structural divisions of the company, participates in the development of the company's development strategy, draws up operational plans.

· Accounting Department - deals with the implementation of transactions for the issuance of invoices, maintaining books of purchases and sales and maintaining records in the accounting department.

3. Determining the budget and time frame of the project

Project budget- represents a plan of costs required for its execution, in value terms. The project budget includes the costs of purchasing materials, paying salaries (including deductions to social funds), third-party services, depreciation of buildings, machinery, equipment and intangible assets.

Three main stages of budgeting:

) Choice planning stage;

The most complete planning of all resources is carried out, an implementation group is formed and responsibilities are distributed.

) The stage of preparation of the choice;

The goals of the project and the requirements for the applied software are formed. And also a list of criteria and a class of applied software is formed.

) The stage of making a choice;

Requirements for application software suppliers are being formed. A presentation of applied software is organized. A request for a commercial offer is formed and the received offers are analyzed.

In general, the budget allocated for a given project may depend on:

· the financial condition of the enterprise;

· the level of use of information technology in the company's business, or, in other words, the dependence of business results on the use of IT;

· goals of automation;

· understanding by the management of the goals of the project;

· the expected effect of the project;

Formation of the project budget:

1) Depreciation:

A = 0.1 * IF = 0.1 * 9700000 = 970000 UAH.

2) Development costs:

ZR = 0.35 * IF = 0.35 * 9700000 = 3395000 UAH.

) Payments to shareholders:

VA = 0.15 * IF = 0.15 * 9700000 = UAH 1,455,000.

) Incentive fund:

PF = 0.03 * IF = 0.03 * 9700000 = 291000 UAH.

) Free balance:

CO = IF - (A + ZR + VA + PF) = 3589000 UAH.

· for the purchase of an automation system:

B NS = 0.7 * CO = 0.7 * 3589000 = 2512300 UAH.

· for incentive bonuses for employees:

NS prs = 0.05 * B pr = 0.05 * 2512300 = 125615 UAH.

· for consulting services:

KU = (0.1 ... 0.3) * B pr = 0.3 * 2512300 = 753690 UAH.

· personnel training costs:

OP = 0.1 * B pr = 0.1 * 2512300 = 251230 UAH.

Determining the time frame of the project

The total period of work on the project, depending on the selected list of scope of work, usually ranges from six months to two years. It is almost impossible to implement the system in a shorter time frame, and exceeding this period may call into question the feasibility of investing in this project.

Taking into account when planning the workload of employees with current work and the management calendar, it is necessary to clearly plan the timing of selection, decision-making and the start of an implementation project.

Since the beginning of the new year, we will launch the system in test operation. This operation, according to the contract, is carried out for 1 year, but in a purely test mode no more than 3 months (errors are found out, which are eliminated free of charge). Within 2 years, our system should be a fully functional system.

If we have one year to create a system: 2 months to choose a system, 4 months to train and train personnel, and 6 months for a free guaranteed test operation.

The term of mixed test operation is 7 months, during which the errors found will be corrected by the system developer, but for a certain fee.

4. Formation of automation goals and selection criteria

We will form enterprise automation goalsthat will lead to increased profits:

.Increase in the quality and quantity of products;

2.Staff reduction;

.Reducing costs;

.Increasing the daily rate of employee productivity;

.Decrease in warehouse stocks;

.Reducing the amount of paperwork;

7.Organization of a unified information system for company management;

In addition to the goals of implementation, it is also necessary to determine the criteria for improving the efficiency of the enterprise.

All the criteria on the basis of which the choice of the automation system will be made can be roughly divided into several groups:

· Functional criteria;

· Technical;

· Ergonomic selection criteria

Functional criteria include:

1.Modular structure of the system that controls the quality of products;

2.The presence of an electronic document management module;

.System scalability;

.Ensuring compatibility with existing information systems;

.Availability of a product quality control module;

.Providing the ability to plan all types of sales, procurement, human resource activities for efficient resource allocation.

When forming technical criteria, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the infrastructure of our enterprise, the state of client computers, network bandwidth and the load created on the corporate network.

The technical criteria include:

1) Requirements for server parameters;

) Requirements for the server OS;

) Database requirements;

) Requirements for the corporate network of the enterprise.

Ergonomic criteria are those that take human factors into account.

Ergonomic criteria include:

1) Convenient, intuitive interface;

2) Availability of detailed electronic reference information;

) Support for various language locations;

) Availability of various certificates.

... Formation of the project team and determination of its powers and responsibilities

The project team includes the following departments:

Ø The Coordinating Committee;

Ø Project Manager;

Ø Project group.

V coordinating committee it is recommended to include people with a stake in the success of the project and senior leaders. The main function of the coordinating committee: it meets once a month and listens to the report of the project manager, corrects the direction of the further development of the project, resolves conflict situations during the implementation of the system.

Functions of the steering committee:

1) Determination of goals and ways of project development;

) Comparison of the stages of development of projects with the planned deadlines;

) Statement of the need for additional allocation of resources (internal or external) for the project

) Using your influence to remove various obstacles to the development of the project.

Project Team Leader completely relieved of direct previous responsibilities at the time of leadership of the project team.

Requirements for the project manager:

1) devote 100% of the working time to the project management;

) Be an employee of the company, and not hired specifically for the project;

) To be a representative of the operational division, deeply involved in the day-to-day activities of the company;

) To be the best of all possible candidates;

) Be an employee at the enterprise for a long time;

) Be a good leader and a respected person.

Responsibilities of the project manager:

Ø Project management;

Ø Creation of a close-knit and efficient working group;

Ø Removing obstacles to project implementation

Ø Improving the efficiency of the group's functioning;

Ø Creation and adjustment of the implementation schedule;

Ø Comparison and further adjustment of the project budget;

Ø Submitting budget adjustments and implementation schedule to the steering committee and implementation team;

Ø Help in identifying the requirements and problems of the implementation processes.

Project group (implementation group)

Implementation team members should:

Ø Decide what is most appropriate for a given enterprise and propose appropriate adjustments to the enterprise's business process;

Ø Understand the strengths and weaknesses of their unit, in terms of personnel, and processes when developing procedures in their functional area;

Ø Have the authority to change current installation procedures or change the area of ​​responsibility of a unit.

Responsibilities of the members of the implementation group:

1) Take full responsibility for your functional area;

) Attend and actively participate in all implementation-related meetings;

) Understand goals and how to achieve them within their functional area;

) Develop detailed procedures based on the knowledge gained during the training and during the testing phase;

) Determine software products that are not supplied with the system, but the use of which is necessary in their functional area, as well as all possible changes that may need to be made to the methods of enterprise management;

) Participate in the transfer of data to the system, as well as be responsible for their accuracy within their functional area;

) After the end of the implementation, draw up an overview document on its functions in order to identify open questions.

6. Assessment of the existing degree of automation

Assessment of the degree of automation is carried out in order to assess the potential of the information system and to assess the potential of computing resources.

The automation system can be implemented with the following data:

Ø The number of data streams that affect our network load;

Ø The average amount of data transferred within these streams;

Ø Average duration of one transaction.

Data streams that put a load on the network include:

1) Dialogue interaction within the automation system between the client and the server;

) Local printing of system documents between the client and the print server;

) Exchange of text messages within the system between clients;

Automation system 1C: Enterprise ERP -the system has the following characteristics:

Ø The average volume of information that is transmitted within the framework of the dialogue interaction is? 100 KB;

Ø During the implementation of a dialogue interaction within the framework of one transaction, a passage through 3 screens is required;

Ø The average volume of information that is transmitted within the framework of local printing is? 1000 KB;

Ø During local printing, within one transaction, a passage through 2 screens is required;

Ø The average amount of information that is transferred through text messaging? 30 KB;

Ø During the exchange of text messages within the framework of one transaction, a passage through 2 screens is required.

C = V Dan / (L * (T cool + T R )), where

V Dan standby = 20 s.);

T R - system response time (Tr = 2 s.)

Total amount of data:

V dan = V T * N * 8, where

V T

Let's calculate the load on the network:

Ø Dan 21818182 Mb / s;

Ø during printing: Dan

Ø Dan = 30,000 * 2 * 8 = 480,000 bytes; = 480,000 / (0.5 * (20 + 2)) = 0.04363636Mb / s .

7. Allocation and formalization of business processes, according to the chosen automation profile

First, we will describe what is at the moment, how certain departments function, how various operations are performed in these departments. Those. we will conduct a survey of the activities of the enterprise. We will define the problems, summarize them, determine the significance of these problems and outline ways of solving them. It is important to separate the problems and tasks that can be solved by introducing an automation system and those that require other methods, for example, changing accounting policies, etc.

Settlements with suppliers- the manager of the planning economic department and the accounting department take part in this business process.

Formalization of the business process "Settlements with suppliers"

... Assessment of the load created by the automation system on the corporate network

The total network load is calculated using the formula:

C = V Dan / (L * (T cool + T R )), where

Dan - total amount of data; - average utilization of the network; (L = 0.5) standby - the waiting time between two steps of the dialogue (Identity = 20 s.);

T R - system response time (Tr = 2 s.)

Total amount of data:

V dan = V T * N * 8, where

T - the average amount of information that is transmitted during one step of the transaction; - the total number of steps within one transaction;

Let's calculate the load on the network:

· during conversational interaction: Dan = 100,000 * 3 * 8 = 2,400,000 bytes; = 2,400,000 / (0.5 * (20 + 2)) = 0, 21818182Mb / s;

· during printing: Dan = 1,000,000 * 2 * 8 = 16,000,000 bytes; = 1,600,000 / (0.5 * (20 + 2)) = 1.45454546MB / s;

· when exchanging text messages: Dan = 30,000 * 2 * 8 = 480,000 bytes; = 480,000 / (0.5 * (20 + 2)) = 0.04363636Mb / s.

... Market overview of automation systems

ERP system(eng. EnterpriseResourcePlanningSystem- Enterprise Resource Planning System) is an integrated IT-based system for managing internal and external resources of the enterprise (significant physical assets, financial, material and technical and human resources). The purpose of the system is to facilitate the flow of information between all business units (business functions) within the enterprise and information support of relations with other enterprises. Built, as a rule, on a centralized database, the ERP-system forms a standardized unified information space of the enterprise.

The modern market is represented by a huge number of ERP systems. Let's highlight a few modern systems for comparison. The systems satisfy most of the needs of both medium and very large enterprises. They can run on a variety of platforms (Windows XP, UNIX, Solaris, AIX, etc.) and with a variety of powerful professional DBMSs. The ERP concept is supported by most modern corporate information systems. Not so long ago, second and third generation ERP systems appeared on the IT market, which are able to integrate information flows of entire industries into a single whole.

Ø Infor ERP LN

Infor ERP LN is an advanced and easy-to-use ERP system that integrates a wide range of business functions for managing discrete and project-oriented industries in industries such as mechanical engineering, electronics and electrical engineering, aircraft and shipbuilding and others. The comprehensive Infor ERP LN solution supports business processes across all departments, including manufacturing, sales, purchasing, finance, inventory management, logistics and after-sales services, fully implementing the MRP II management standard. Basic manufacturing and scheduling functionality in Infor ERP LN is ideal for companies operating in make-to-stock, assemble-to-order, custom-made, and design-to-order models.

Benefits of Infor ERP LN:

· The world's best management solutions for manufacturing companies with over 30 years of experience in the market.

· Over the years, Infor ERP LN has incorporated the experience, ideas and best management practices gleaned from cooperation with Infor customers.

· Infor ERP LN, having a clear specialization and modular architecture, provides maximum functionality at the lowest cost of ownership, while some of the functions are unique in the ERP systems market.

· Infor ERP LN is constantly evolving.

· The success of Infor ERP LN projects is ensured by the implementation methodology, which appeared in the ERP environment one of the first and remains one of the most authoritative for decades.

· Possession of a wide portfolio of business solutions that can comprehensively solve most of the tasks of corporate automation.

Oracle JD EdwardsEnterpriseOne -a comprehensive solution for the automation of enterprise activities that fully meets the requirements of the ERP class. Designed for complex automation of large and medium-sized enterprises. The functionality of the system allows enterprises of various profiles to combine solutions for in-depth planning, asset management, joint business, customer relationship management, finance, procurement and project management. The system supports an unlimited number of currencies, consolidations, production modes, interface languages.

Oracle JD EdwardsEnterpriseOne is based on a workflow system that helps to implement any decision-making scheme in a corporation and consolidates the flow of information between the various structures that make up the corporation. The system has a unique ability to integrate various platforms (including UNIX variations, as well as Windows NT and AS / 400) within the corporation.

IBM Cognos -is a family of corporate performance management (CPM) software products that includes standalone planning and budgeting solutions.

As an IBM partner, RBC Group offers comprehensive solutions based on IBM Cognos software products:

· Budgeting, planning and analytics: Organization of the budgeting process, planning, analysis and reporting in real time.

· Business Intelligence: Building full-fledged reporting, analytics, dashboards for key indicators, providing a full set of functional capabilities for conducting business analysis and reporting.

Infor FMS SunSystems -it is an integrated multifunctional system for automation of financial and economic management, time-tested and very popular. Can be integrated with procurement, sales and warehouse management business processes. It is available in many languages ​​and is customizable to all known accounting standards and is an excellent tool for solving complex financial and tax accounting management problems.

Product advantages:

· the possibility of automatic parallel accounting in local and several international standards;

· data entry once with their subsequent use for drawing up financial, tax and other reporting forms;

· multi-currency;

· tracking the full cycle of buying and selling and receiving reports at each stage;

· support for an unlimited number of warehouses, regardless of their location.

HRB(personnel management and payroll system) is a functionally complete, easily manageable, economical and flexible product that meets the modern requirements of domestic and international enterprises. It is a solution for large and medium-sized businesses. It is a modular product with the following functionality and properties:

·personnel accounting

· electronic timesheet

· calculation of salaries of any complexity (multi-currency)

· management of budgets of departments for salaries, hiring, personnel training, etc.

· solution for companies with a distributed structure

· Internet access

· client-server architecture

· work on various computer platforms

Based on the budget allocated for automation, we can say that the company cannot afford a comprehensive automation system from a Western developer. From the available on the budget systems of the domestic model, we will choose the most suitable for us in terms of functionality - the "Parus" system.

Software products "PARUS"- designed to automate the activities of commercial enterprises and budgetary institutions of different levels. Among the lines of PP "PARUS" there are also mass-produced products and belonging to the class of ERP-systems.

The system is modular. All modules of the system can work as independent applications, but the advantages of the modules are fully realized when used as a single software package with a common database.

Additional functions:

· the ability to quickly select employees according to specified criteria is provided, which allows you to receive operational reports on various areas of personnel activity;

· the system implements the function of differentiating access rights to individual sections, which is a prerequisite for several users working in the system.

CRM system designed to coordinate multilateral relationships with real and potential customers and centralized sales management.

The system allows:

· maintain information on counterparties in a structured form.

· keep records of work by counterparties.

· keep records of requests from counterparties (partners, customers, competitors)

· keep track of the working time of employees with the ability to set a work schedule for a specialist by dates.

· to automate such directions as direct telemarketing, direct mail (formation of a mailing list according to the specified parameters for the purpose of direct mailing).

· keep records of various marketing activities (promotions, seminars, etc.)

· record outgoing base documents (contracts, invoices, etc.) and their payment for the sale of their own goods and services.

System advantages:

· wide functionality;

· ensuring integration with various accounting systems;

· taking into account the requirements of the Customer for the functionality of the system, the possibility of custom modifications for a specific customer;

· convenience and ease of use;

· competitive licenses;

· no costs for purchasing a DBMS;

· warranty and post-warranty service;

· wide regional coverage.

11. Estimating the cost of ownership

Various methods are used to assess the cost of the system. The most common of these is the TCO methodology - the assessment of total system ownership.

This method takes into account all direct and indirect costs of owning the system.

Direct costs include:

system purchase;

services of consulting companies;

staff motivation;

training.

Indirect costs include:

technical support costs;

modernization costs;

Communication network costs.

Assessment of the payback of the system

The normal payback period for MIS is usually 3-6 years. In the case of a longer time, automation loses its intended meaning.

There are several methods for assessing the payback of the system:

) IRR - internal form of return (income).

) NPV is the net present value.

) PV - payback period.

) ROI - rate of return on investment.

Today the fourth method is the most used and convenient. - a quantitative indicator reflecting the financial benefit from investments in the project.

where is the net total income expected from the implementation of the system.

TOC is the total cost of ownership of the system, taking into account discounting.

If ROI> 100% then we have reached the payback point.

Expected income from the system

We will calculate the expected income from the system based on the following assumptions:

1)ERP - the system allows you to increase the efficiency of the enterprise by 20-35% in the following form:

· 1 year - maximum 15%;

2nd year - 20%;

3rd year - 25%;

2)The presence of EDMS leads to savings on paper of UAH 50-100 thousand.

3)After analyzing the activities of the company for the previous year, you can find companies that can be blacklisted, thereby reducing costs.

It has already been said that we calculate the payback of the system taking into account discounting.

Time discount factor:

where t is the period by years for 6 years; - discount rate = 30%.

Let's calculate costs, revenues and discount rate and summarize everything in table 1.

Table 1 - Costs

Costs Direct Indirect Name UAH Name UAH PPO (Bpr) 2512300 Prize125615KU753690Technical support (10% of PPO) 251230Oper251230 Total costs3894065

Table 2 - Income

Income 1st year 9700000 * 0.15 = 1455000 2nd year 11155000 * 0.20 = 2231000 3rd year 13386000 * 0.25 = 3346500

To calculate the income for the first year, you need to take the CPRV (from Part 3 of the KZ), in my case CPV = 9,300,000 UAH. We find 15% of the NRP and this = 1,395,000 UAH. For the 2nd year we take 9300000 + 1395000, we find 20%, we get 2139000 UAH. Further in the same way.

Table3 - Discount coefficient

1st year 2nd year 3rd year d10,770,59

For the 1st year d = 1 / = 1

For the 2nd year d = 1 / = 0.77

For the 3rd year d = 1 / = 0.59

For the 4th year d = 1 / = 0.45

For the 5th year d = 1 / = 0.35

For the 6th year d = 1 / = 0.27

Table 4 - Estimating the cost of ownership of the system

1st year 2nd year 3rd year Income 1,455,000 2231,000 3346500 Costs 38940652065297.5516324.4 D - Z288858073702.52692175.6 (D - W) * d288858056750.9251588383.6

= (((1455000+ 2231000+2231000) - (3894065+2065297,5+516324,4)) - (4283580+2065297,5+516324,4)))*100%= ((5917000-6475686,9)/8414175,1)*100%=1195,25>100%

We can conclude that the system will pay for itself in 3 years, ROI = 511.4%

Output

automation organizational technical

In this complex task, in accordance with the initial data, I developed the structure of the automation plan for a commercial enterprise and I proposed an automation system, methods and methods of its implementation, recommendations for choosing a system and evaluation, may seem too complicated. But it all depends on the wishes of the customer, on the characteristics of the enterprise itself, on the complexity and scale of the project, and, first of all, on the desired amount of money invested in it. The results of the work performed can be claimed in the process of a detailed study of the enterprise as a whole. In fact, all this can serve as some kind of support system for the quality of decision-making. In my opinion, such a composition and sequence of work will increase the likelihood of making the right choice.

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Surely many have already heard about the benefits of using automation tools: reducing costs, increasing the efficiency of work processes, increasing profits, etc. It is not surprising that the introduction of such tools is gaining popularity among Russian manufacturers. And often when asked - are they automated?- answer with confidence - automated.

How real is this picture?

Taking a typical company, a typical manufacturer, in our case, is the FMCG sector, I decided to do a little research and find out how the functions in the control loop are automated.

Rice. Enterprise management cycle

For normal operation, the control system must be a closed loop consisting of six functions, and, accordingly, everything should be automated. But in reality, the main automated function is accounting. But the organization does not live by taking into account.

Let's take a closer look at the scheduling function. Planning is the foundation on which the entire system of management functions is built. It leads to a balance of all the actions that take place in the company. The quality of planning decisions significantly depends on the competence and professional level of the planners, as well as on the tools that are used to build this plan.

Having delved into this issue in more detail and analyzed the planning tools of our clients, I noted that in 99%, and possibly in 99.99% cases, Excel is the main planning tool.

And, indeed, most companies plan in Excel, and even if some kind of plan appears in 1C, then this is only the entry of planning results. Thus, if, taking into account, to a greater extent, the issue of automation in companies has been resolved, then almost no one has coped with planning.

Why do we need planning automation at all, if everything works anyway?

Almost every business understands that you need to plan and tries to plan, but not always successfully - plans degenerate into a simple formality and additional waste of working time. Meanwhile, planning directly affects the productivity and well-being of the company.

I have highlighted the main problems that FMCG scheduling automation closes:

1. Adequacy and traceability of indicators. The plan drawn up in Excel does not provide sufficient tracking of all indicators, respectively, we cannot assess their adequacy. And also give a reasoned answer to the question - why did they plan so much?
2. Dependence on performers. Since the plan is drawn up manually by employees, based on their ideas about it, perhaps using their own algorithms, the company becomes quite dependent on them. Only an Excel guru can figure this out.
3. Labor intensity of the process... When planning in Excel, employees spend a lot of time on routine operations.
4. Poor planning accuracy by SKU, which leads to an imbalance of the entire enterprise. This is one of the key problems, since on the basis of plans for sales, production, purchases, plans are drawn up for individual areas of activity and individual planning objects. And the accuracy of the plan drawn up in Excel leaves much to be desired. As a result, we produce and buy the wrong thing.

Therefore, a carefully worked out, well-grounded plan, and not accidentally arising wishes and ideas, is the basis for the balance and, as a result, the effective work of the enterprise as a whole. Agree, going when you know where you are going is much better.

Why sales planningFMCG - are manufacturers so weakly automated?

The planning system combines several directions. And today, within the framework of this article, I will consider one of such areas, namely, sales planning. This is the starting point of the planning system that causes the most problems for companies. After all, on the basis of sales plans, plans are made for all other areas of activity.

Possible reasons why sales planning is done in Excel:

1. PlanningFMCG-manufacturers do not lay down in any way on the planning offered by 1C. In other words, there are no well-developed tools implemented in typical 1C products that most customers use. There is a certain set of planning tools, but it does not cover all the client's questions.
2. Sales planning techniques that companies have developed inExcel often defies formalization. The result of the work of analysts, the head of the sales department or other specialists is most often a subjective forecast, built in a chaotic manner that defies formalization. Accordingly, when a company attempts to automate the sales planning process, it will come to the conclusion that it simply cannot formulate the requirements for how this process should be automated.

Is it possible to automate planning?

Over the past year, our team of specialists has spent a lot of time on methodological analysis and research of the sales planning automation process, as well as on development of a solution for FMCG manufacturers... And, returning to the question: can planning be automated? Today we answer with confidence: can.

We have developed a sales planning tool, formalized and launched it for our clients. At the same time, sales planning is not just a separate function, we identified five components, which together give us a complete planning system:

1. Planning of actions.
2. Planning by product category and channel.
3. Planning forSKU.
4. Planning prices and revenue (margin).
5. Planning by customer (responsible).

The implementation of these five points in 1C forms a complete sales planning system, and allows get away from Excel.

As a rule, it is rather difficult to automate any function in a company in isolation, since information flows are intertwined. The diagram below shows how, with the help of small changes, a company can get a plan already from 1C.

It actually looks something like this: there is accounting, which is maintained in 1C, there is sales planning, which is carried out using Excel. And this is already a rather isolated operation that we can transfer to the new system, changing the sending of the fact from Excel to the new scheduler. As a result, we get not a plan calculated on the basis of the assessment and ideas of an individual employee, but guide to action based on clear, pre-formalized and well thought-out logic. This gives us an understanding of where and how we plan growth. Such a plan provides a good foundation for realizing execution within the overall management cycle.

Is such a planner suitable for our company?

Having studied more than 10 clients, we came to the conclusion that the companies that manufacture various FMCG products have similarities in the tasks related to sales planning. This is due to the fact that their planning system is determined by the model of the operation of retail chains. And, guided by these conclusions, we made a standard delivery.

Thus, having in its arsenal of IT-specialists "with hands" and using a standard delivery, the company can provide itself with an effective planning tool.

More good news!

Sales planning automation is no longer something unattainable, but quite affordable and specific planning tool... In addition to the fact that the planner will easily fit the IT landscape of companies in the FMCG sector, this can be done quickly and inexpensively.

And finally:

Planning brings the future into the present and allows you to do something about it now.

Alan Lackey

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CNews editorial office is not responsible for its content.

2 years ago