A presentation on life safety on the topic "Your own lifeguard". His own lifeguard. How to act in various emergencies. How to behave if a person is in a hole

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The most difficult and mysterious profession is a rescuer.

They will come to our aid, When the ocean is raging, When an earthquake, Typhoon or flood. Risking their lives, they will save us - This is theirs dangerous work! Who saves us from disasters? Let's say a few words about these heroes! Whatever happened to us at times, the Rescuer-superhero is ready for exploits!

A rescuer is someone who saves someone.

The profession of the rescuer The profession of the rescuer ... It is difficult to name rescuers as ordinary people. It is the rescuer who can prevent the death of a person, save him from imminent death in any emergency, and come to the rescue in time. The profession of a rescuer can be put on a par with such noble professions as a doctor or teacher.

Rescuer-work for real men Rescuer where there is trouble, He will always come to the rescue. And there is no reason to doubt: Rescuing is a job for men.

A rescuer today has a lot to learn and practice a lot. You need to know good technique, physics, chemistry, be a psychologist. Trained, physically strong and resilient, technically competent, able to find a way out of the most difficult situations, such is a modern rescuer!

These are people who constantly give a piece of themselves to others. A rescuer is an intelligent, strong, courageous and hardworking person. Rescuers work at any time of the day, in any weather conditions. Neither rain, nor snow, nor hail, nor wind scare such strong people as rescuers. They sacrifice their health, and often their lives, to help people in need.

"There is always a place for exploits in life." Fire. Flood. Earthquake. Road accident. Rescuers are always there, ready to help: they are looking for missing people in the mountains or forest, rescuing fishermen carried to the sea, extinguishing a burning forest ...

Being a lifeguard is a calling. The price of a human life ... Who knows better? Probably, first of all, a rescuer. After all, it is he who, making his way through the concrete rubble, descending under a multi-meter water column, taming the flame, extends a helping hand to those who need it. The lifeguard's journey is difficult and risky. But he walks along it so that at any moment he will be next to those who are in trouble and give a chance for salvation.

The hero rescuer is always there! If trouble has come to your house, Rescuers will always fly to you under the sound of a siren And help you instantly. A very close-knit squad Of resourceful guys. All are brave, kind, skillful- Few words, but a lot of action.

There would be fewer situations where you have to try to save people from trouble. You will see less grief. You, the country's rescuers, are very much needed by the Motherland!

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Class hour "Profession - lifeguard"

October 4 in grades 1-4 passed class hour on GO with viewing the presentation. The guys named who is in charge of the Russian Emergencies Ministry and learned about the rescuers. Lifeguard is a profession that includes a complex ...

Presentation on the topic: « Rescuers

Russian Emergency Situations Ministry"

prepared:

educator Tutushina M.N.

Rescuer - a citizen, trained and certified to carry out emergency rescue operations.

• room
• Services
• Salvation

• Rescue people during rescue operations.
• Render first medical assistance victims of accidents.
• Carry out work to eliminate accidents.
• Conduct reconnaissance, search for victims.

• to be ready to participate in the work on liquidation of emergency situations, to improve their physical, special, medical, psychological environment.

• Improve the skills of actions in the composition of emergency rescue teams

• Strictly observe the technology of carrying out emergency rescue operations

• Actively search for victims, take measures to rescue them, provide them with first medical and other types of assistance

• Strictly follow the orders given in the course of work on liquidation of emergencies by the heads of emergency rescue services, emergency rescue teams, in which rescuers take part in carrying out the specified work.

• explain the rules to citizens safe behavior in order to prevent emergencies and the procedure for actions in case of their occurrence

• A professional rescuer can be a citizen who has reached the age of 18, trained and certified to carry out emergency rescue operations.
• Training for the “Rescuer” profession is carried out in Moscow: at the Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and at the Training Center of the Moscow Rescue Service.

• rescuer of Russia EMERCOM
• Sergey Kozhugetovich Shoigu

• The dog's unique scent is its main tool, with its help it can easily find people lost in the forest and trapped under the rubble as a result of the collapse of buildings. Dogs work in real search and rescue operations and are faithful helpers in rescuing people. But before really becoming a rescuer, dogs have to study long and hard.

"Grieving Newfoundland"

Monument dog - lifeguard exists in Perm

Accompanying the sick Air transportation of patients of any severity, medical support

Land transport rescuers

thanks for

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Rules of conduct in communicating with the natural environment A man, having lost his way in the forest, loses orientation more and more, easily crosses the line between sober judgment and feverish panic.

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How should a person who is lost in the forest behave? Having lost his orientation, he must immediately stop moving and try to restore it with the help of a compass or using various natural signs. If this cannot be done, the best thing to do is to organize a temporary parking lot, build a shelter from scrap materials, make a fire, replenish food from nature's pantry and wait for the arrival of help.

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Organization of the camp Having made such a decision, it is necessary to find a suitable site for the future camp. Right choice temporary habitat will allow avoiding many unnecessary inconveniences in the future. First of all, it must be dry. Although it is not easy to find such a site, especially in moss forests, where the ground is covered with a continuous carpet of sphagnum, which absorbs a huge amount of water - more than 20 times its own weight. However, the time spent on the search will pay off with interest: you will not have to dry wet clothes and shoes every now and then, and tremble at night from damp dampness.

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It is best to settle down near a stream or rivulet, on open place to always have a supply of water on hand. In addition, the cool breeze constantly blowing at night will better protection from the attack of hordes of midges.

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A canopy, hut, dugout, chum can serve as a temporary shelter. The choice of the type of shelter will depend on the skill, ability, hard work and, of course, the physical condition of people, since in building material there is no shortage. However, the more severe the weather, the more reliable and warmer the dwelling should be. Make sure that the future home is spacious enough.

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DOUBLE SHALASH Drive in the racks and lay the support beam on them at an angle of 45-600, fix 5-7 poles on both sides and tie 3-4 poles to each slope parallel to the rafter ground. Then, starting from the bottom, lay spruce branches on the rafters so that each subsequent layer covers the lower one by about half. Hang the front part with a piece of fabric, and cover the back with 1-2 poles and braid with spruce branches.

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CHUM SNOWI Temporary frame-block dwelling for 2-3 people. The material is fine snow, thin crust, and poles. It is built in open spaces, airflows.

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TENT FOR A GROUP OF PEOPLE Arrange from a 3.5x3.5 meter panel, which rises on three racks and the outermost of them are fixed with braces. The cloth is stretched and tied with the ends of the ropes to the pegs.

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CANOPY Easy to manufacture shelter for people. It is enough to throw a piece of plastic film or fabric over the rail, jammed between two trees, and pull the loosely hanging halves to the sides, so that two symmetrical slopes are formed, and fix them on the ground with stones. When there are no suitable trees in the vicinity, you can drive or dig in two stakes with forked ends (slingshots) into the ground. Lay a ceiling rail in the forks, throw a film or fabric over it. A lean-to canopy is constructed from a piece of polyethylene, one end fixed to the ground with stones or pegs, the other side tied at a height of 1-1.5 meters to a transverse rail, laid in slingshots driven into the ground. If there is no fabric or sheeting, the canopy can be constructed using only trees. These can be shed and gable sheds. The frame is assembled from the poles the desired shape and hardens to the trees. The splint should be laid from below, like shingles, i.e. so that each subsequent layer covers the underlying one by about half. In this case, the water will slide down from the top. At the end of construction, you need to cover the ridge well - the top of the roof and braid the back or side parts of the hut with branches, depending on the design. In the cold season, such a canopy can be insulated by putting 30 centimeters thick snow on top. In a wet or damp place, the canopy must be raised above the ground. The height of the platform is usually at least 0.5 meters.

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IGLU For construction, an igloo needs a relatively flat area with a deep and dense snow crust. The diameter of the shelter is selected based on the following calculation: for one person - 2.7 meters, for two - 3 meters, for three - 3.4 meters. Using a knife, shovel or ski, cut snow blocks 50-70 cm long, 40-50 cm wide and 20-25 cm thick. The mass of such a block will be approximately 20-30 kg. Cutting should begin at the site of the future entrance tunnel. To remove the first block, you need to cut it from four sides by 7-10 cm. Then bring something flat under the base of the block and swing it with light movements. The block will then easily detach. Having cut out 10-15 blocks, the first row is laid. In this case, the edges of the bricks are notched by 10-150 so that they fit with a dome. The rest of the rows fit in the same way. After finishing laying the walls, rub the cracks between the blocks with snow. At the end of the work, do not forget to make the ventilation hole.

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SNOW GROWN. The simplest block hideout. A small (about 0.5 x 0.5 m) hole is trampled in the snow. From its edges with the help of a handsaw-hacksaw, a long knife, a snow shovel, bricks-slabs of the greatest possible length are cut out. In the absence of saws and knives, it can be used as cutting tool ladle handles, spoons, pieces of broken skis. The trench left after removing the bricks from the snow monolith will serve as the base of the dugout. The deeper the trench is, the more simplified the task of the builder. If the depth of the trench exceeds 1.5 meters, the roof is constructed flat. A gable roof is installed over a shallow pit-trench. The entrance to the dugout is in the form of a knee-shaped tunnel.

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BARRELS - CANOPIES Arrange, if possible, near the trees, using them as supports for the frame. On the trees, a horizontal run from the knurling is strengthened, inclined poles are supported on it at a distance of 1 meter from one another, and a transverse lathing is laid. In the absence of trees, the canopy frame is supported on tragus tied from poles. The canopy is covered with branches, reeds, straw or sheets of raincoats.

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"ADYGEY HOUSE" Temporary frame shelter for 2-3 people. The material is thin trees, branches, foliage. For its construction, it is necessary to dig into the ground parallel to each other two flexible branches peeled from foliage. Bend their upper part towards each other, connect and intertwine. Pass horizontal branches through the resulting arches, on which spruce branches and leaves are tightly laid.

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THE BORN In the blows in front of the obstacles and behind them, in the snowdrifts and sand formed as a result of snow and sand masses, you can dig an individual shelter - a hole. The diameter of the hole for one person must be at least 50 centimeters. If the snowdrift is large enough, you can dig a long, up to three meters, burrow with a raised dead-end side. This can be done by digging not into the depths, but along the snowdrift. The height of the burrow's dead end must be calculated in such a way that the person is entirely above the level of the entrance. The bottom of the burrow is lined with a layer of spruce branches, branches, and poles. If the hole turns out to be shallow, you should climb inside it with your head, and the legs that are outside should be wrapped in plastic or cloth. It is better to make such a hole a ledge, in such a way that it would be possible not to lie in it, but to half-sit. Then the head and body will be warm, and the blood flow, due to the semi-sitting position, will be directed to the legs, which will facilitate their warming.

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"VIGVAM" Represents a pole frame, fastened at the top with a rope or wire and placed on the ground along the perimeter of the outlined circle. The frame poles are covered with foil or cloth on top. If you leave a hole in the upper part of the wigwam, where the poles converge, then inside you can make a small fire from dry, little smoking firewood.

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Animal attack When going on vacation, first collect information about whether there is a danger of animal attacks in the area where you are going to go. Pay attention to animals with strange behavior. Such animals can suddenly attack a person. Use a stick, a stone, or clothing you have taken off against them - it is important to avoid bites and contact with saliva. A dog or a wolf attacked: wrap your left hand with a cloth, put it in your mouth as deep as possible to block your breathing, while with your right hand firmly grab the neck behind the back of the head. A cow attacked: grab the nostrils tightly.

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WOLF It differs from similar dogs - German shepherds - by its wide forehead, narrow front part of the muzzle and always drooping tail. The size of wolves is very variable. Adult body length ranges from 105 to 160 cm, weight from 40 to 65 kg. Distributed almost everywhere. Numerous in open areas and forests with little snow. In the taiga, it lives almost exclusively along river valleys, and is not found in continuous forests.

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The tick sticks almost painlessly. He carries tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease and other diseases. Removing the tick: do not remove it with hands or tweezers, since squeezing the insect's abdomen leads to the injection of an additional dose of the virus into the blood; pull out only with a strong thread, making a loop out of it and leaving two long ends; put the loop as close to the sting as possible and tighten it tightly;

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If you are bitten by a poisonous snake Remove the poison as soon as possible. To do this, make a small cross-shaped cut in each wound with a knife and try to suck out the poison. Spit it out more often, do not swallow it. Change each other, beware of getting poison on sick teeth or wounds in the mouth. Apply cold to the site of the bite - it will reduce the absorption of the poison. Do not use a tourniquet or cauterize the wound. To fix the bite site, attach a soft splint to the bitten limb (without squeezing the wound, wrap a few branches with a bandage). Take the victim to the hospital. Attention! Never drink alcohol - it dilates blood vessels and can contribute to shock.

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CENTRAL ASIAN COBRA Large snake of one color light yellow, brown and almost black color. Disturbed cobras assume a characteristic threatening pose, raising the front third of the body above the ground and expanding the skin on the neck (inflating the hood). Average length 110-130 cm. Distributed in southern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan, southwestern Tajikistan. Poisonous. The bite is deadly. Rare view.

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GYURZA Large snake. Body length up to two meters. Thick, dirty gray body with dark brown transverse stripes on the back. Distributed in Dagestan, Transcaucasia, in the south of Kazakhstan, in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and in the extreme south of Kyrgyzstan. Very often they keep in vineyards and orchards next to a person. Usually cowardly, but during the mating season, males are very aggressive. Poisonous. The bite is deadly.

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NORMAL ASP The snake is medium-sized. The average length is 50-60 centimeters. A characteristic feature is a dark zigzag on the back, the usual general background of color is gray, but there is also brown, red, red. Black snakes are quite common. Vipers are found throughout the forest zone. The first person is not attacked. The bite is very painful, but not fatal. The only poisonous species in the middle lane.

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Accidents during a thunderstorm mostly (up to 90%) occur in open areas. If a thunderstorm caught you by surprise: Avoid standing trees; If possible, wait out the thunderstorm in the car; Stay away from tall metal structures; In the forest - closer to shrubs and low trees; In the mountains and in the steppe - hide in a hole, a crevice. If you have nowhere to hide, put your ice ax, alpenstock up on a hill, and hide yourself 15-20 meters away. If a person is struck by lightning, try to revive him with cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Call an ambulance urgently.

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LIGHTNING An electrical discharge between electrified clouds or between such clouds and the earth's surface several kilometers long and lasting tenths of a second. Lightning is accompanied by thunder. In addition to ordinary (linear) lightning, during a thunderstorm, ball lightning is occasionally observed.

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If you fell through the ice. 1. Don't panic. 2. Call for help 3. Do not flounder in the gap 4. Lean your elbows on the ice; 5. Bring your body to a horizontal position, 6. Bring your leg out onto the ice. 7. Roll onto your back and get out of the gap. 8. Once on strong ice, you need to crawl away from the breach.

It is more correct to fall on the side, to group on the forearm so as to lean on the forearm. group, pulling your knees to your chest, and again fall to one side. try to sit down - this will decrease the height from which you fall. protect your face and head: try to cover them with your hands. If you fall on your back, press your chin to your chest, and spread your arms wider. At the moment of falling, you need to strain your muscles! How to properly fall into ice.

How to behave during a fire. Don't panic, call the emergency services and close doors and windows. prepare a damp cloth to breathe through. Move as low as possible to the floor Do not jump from higher floors, do not climb down ropes, sheets, drainpipes. If you have an opportunity to help other people - implement it.

How to behave during a thunderstorm. Try not to walk in a thunderstorm. Avoid open areas. hide in any possible recess. Avoid water .. Try to hide! In the city - in a store, an entrance, under a canopy near the walls of buildings. In the car - close the windows, and the elements will not reach you. DO NOT hide under trees, Do not fuss. Do not ride bicycles or motorcycles.

How to get out of the area where the cable fell. leave the zone with very short steps, or even better - jumping on one leg. DO NOT approach a wire on the ground DO NOT approach a person lying in the affected area. DO NOT pull the soles off the ground. It is forbidden to touch a person injured by electric shock without first disconnecting the power line.

If you get lost in the woods. stop and sit down. do not panic. Recall the last sign Recall familiar landmarks: the highway, Railway, river, buildings, etc. Listen. get on the most tall tree, see various pipes, antennas, power towers. Rivers and streams always serve as a good guide in the forest. If you have food supplies with you, then calculate your diet for at least three days. when it gets dark, you should not try at all costs to immediately find the right path. If you have bedding, then it is better to choose a place to sleep.

If you have broken a thermometer. Wear rubber gloves. Limit spill area. Carefully collect mercury and all broken parts of the thermometer in a glass jar with cold water. Treat the mercury spill with a concentrated solution of potassium permanganate or bleach.

If you're drowning. don't flounder, roll over onto your back, spit out the water, take a deep breath. Calm down, rest, lying on your back, slowly and calmly swim to the shore. And if your leg is bent? Then dive for a second with your head and, straightening your leg, pull your foot strongly towards you for thumb... DO NOT PANIC!

FIRE SAFETY RULES

First aid

Vegetable world

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home

2. What is the best way to proceed when the TV sets on fire?

A) remove the plug from the outlet, and then fill the TV with water;

B) turn off the electricity in the room, and then fill the TV with water;

C) turn off the electricity in the room, and then throw a thick cloth over the TV;

D) immediately throw a thick, damp cloth over the TV

Answer - B

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3. Determine how to properly transport the victim if he has a stomach ache?

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4. The Latin name of this plant - "anemone" is associated with the fact that its delicate petals sway from the slightest breath of wind. Plants are poisonous. The poison is called anemonin. If you pick a flower from a plant, then self-growth also dies.

• Give the Russian name for this plant.
• Anemone
• home

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5. A fire broke out in a public place.

Your actions.

A) try to get out faster, by any means;

B) step aside or to the periphery of a crowd of people and carefully make your way to the exit in the direction of the movement of people,

C) move away from the crowd and cover the airways with a handkerchief, try to find another exit or wait until most people leave the room

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6. Name this poisonous, bitter, odorless plant, almost all parts of which (stems, leaves, flowers, and roots) are used in medicine.

• Sagebrush
• home

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home

8. What help is needed for this injury?

A) rinse the wound and apply a tight bandage;

B) apply a pressure bandage;

C) apply a tourniquet 5 - 7 cm above the wound;

D) treat the edges of the wound with an antiseptic solution, apply a sterile napkin and fix

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9. Giant umbrellas of this herb often rise to a height of 3-4 meters, for which they are called Heraclium in Latin. And its dangerous effect on a person is compared with the legend about the death of Hercules: as you know, the hero died in terrible agony, putting on a poisoned cloak. Its insidiousness is that you can burn yourself in the evening, and the burn is formed only the next day in the sun. In the city, he settles mainly in the most ecologically unfavorable places. It can even grow on ruins nuclear power plants... However, it is an excellent honey plant, and the young greens of this plant were used to prepare some dishes. In dried form, it is fed to livestock.

• Name this plant
• Hogweed
• home

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10. In the cold your hands and feet are frozen. Feels cold in the stomach. Trembling voice. You entered a warm room. Which of the following is the best thing to do?

A) Apply something warm to the neck, abdomen;

B) Apply something warm to the limbs;

C) Drink a cup of hot black coffee;

D) Rub hands and feet with warming ointment.

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11. You opened the door of the apartment on the 10th floor and found a lot of smoke.

Your actions?

A) close the door tightly and call "112";

B) immediately take the elevator downstairs, run out of the building and call your parents;

C) try to find the source of the smoke.

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12. Which of these snakes is not venomous? Name it.