Sooner or later, there comes a moment X, at which a person begins to think, and what next. It is not so important whether he came to this idea himself or under the influence external factors(job loss, low salary, job dissatisfaction). One of the options for what to do next is the answer - do business, but how?

There are not so many options for starting a business from scratch, within the framework of this article we will analyze one of the most effective ways (from my subjective point of view) to find an idea in a village business.

For the sake of fairness, I can say that I myself am now organizing such a village business project, I think in the near future I will describe the directions that I have mastered, do not forget to subscribe to the blog. I personally think that this is the most the best option creating your own business with a perspective for the future.

Within the framework of this block, we will talk about breeding, that is, animal husbandry. There is a misconception that you can start breeding any animal from scratch and immediately get big profits.

To be honest, in reality you can really breed anything, even hippos (they are bred in the zoo), but in practice, not all types of such cultivation are profitable, and even more so will give a return in a relatively short period (a year or two).

Breeding as a village business from scratch

The first place is predictable. Alas, on the territory of Russia there is no more profitable livestock sector for a small business in a village. Of course, it will seem trivial, but to open a profitable village business, it makes sense to go into pig farming. It is worth noting that there are two directions (although they can be combined): growing for meat and selling piglets. It is the sale of piglets that is an order of magnitude more profitable, but also a more labor-intensive direction.

• - high payback rate. The normal growth period of a pig to marketable weight is 6 months.
• - the highest coefficient of meat yield per square meter of area in relation to feed consumption (with normal technology). Above only when breeding rabbits, but they have a whole bunch of their own nuances.

• - high level manual labor or the need to invest in mechanization
• - the need for initial investment in the construction of premises
• - high feed costs, without the possibility of diversification

The second place is occupied by nutria. By most indicators, growing nutria can be considered one of the most attractive for starting your village business from scratch. You can make cages and pens for them from scrap materials, animals tolerate cold well, relatively fast growth, strong immunity, the presence of both meat (dietary) and skins. Practical experience shows that a family of nutria (3 females and a male) in one year (with offspring) fully pays for the construction of corrals, feed, and even give a profit.

• - high meat yield per square meter of area
• - consume feed that can be grown on their own, which makes the maintenance very cheap
• - do not get very sick (in relation to rabbits, they are just lively)
• - not high costs for the premises

• - rather unstable demand for meat. Not everyone is ready to buy nutria meat

The third place is ducks. Growing ducks as a business in a village has only one big advantage, if you start from scratch, then they will help you make quick money, maybe not very much, but a profitability level of 30-40% in 2.5-3 months can be guaranteed.

• - high turnover rate. Ducks grow very quickly, with a good breeding, they reach marketable weight in 3 months.
• - stable and good demand

• - high feed costs, to ensure high profitability, you can use various tricks, such as adding green mass, sand, and so on to the feed.

The fourth place is beekeeping. In terms of profitability, one of the most profitable business ideas in the village, but in terms of the level of "head" pain and nuances when keeping bees is also in the first place. In fact, breeding bees is quite troublesome, here it is also important to have "flowering" fields, large farms in the district (at friends last year, after being treated with herbicides, half of the bees fell), care (so that the swarm does not fly away), wintering (feeding), and so on. Further. Breeding experience has shown that there are both very successful seasons and completely failed ones, it all depends on the owner and approach.

• - the ability to run the entire business yourself

• - a wide variety of conditions

Fifth place - quail breeding. The main advantage of this village business idea is minimum requirements, both in terms of area and the level of investment. Actually, you can successfully breed quails in a room with an area of ​​20-30 squares for 500-700 pieces, getting 150-200 eggs and 2-3 kilograms of meat (in carcasses) every day.

• - high turnover rate. Quails quickly reach marketable condition, both in live weight and in egg-laying
• - small start-up costs
• - stable demand for products

• - high feed costs
• - the need to create special conditions(maintaining temperature, silence)

Taxation

Working in agriculture, you should know that there is one big and pleasant surprise, in fact, for a mini-business in the village, the most preferential system has been established in which taxes will not need to be paid, and quite officially.

In the legislation there is such a concept as private subsidiary plots (personal subsidiary plots), which allows everyone working on this system to work officially, without paying taxes. ... Now I will just remind you that all the listed ideas fall under the law on subsidiary farming and you can sleep peacefully.

Myths of some popular business ideas

I must say right away that other ideas in the field of animal husbandry are also profitable and profitable, but in terms of the rate of return and ease of doing business, they are much inferior to those listed above. And now about the cons of the advertised ideas:

Cattle (cattle) - for successful business in this industry Agriculture large areas are needed (for pastures), plus premises and time. As an example, a bull for meat is raised for at least a year, with a carcass yield of 45%, and a pig grows for 6 months and an output of about 70%. Relatively dairy direction, then from the moment of birth until the moment of receiving milk, the cow grows for 2 years! And it is far from the fact that it will be dairy. Profitable, but very long.

Ostriches- are needed heavy expenses for the arrangement of corrals, plus large areas. So for one family of ostriches (1 male and 2 females), the corral should be at least 4 meters wide and 40 meters long. As for ostrich meat, the ostrich grows for at least a year, again it is profitable, but you can make money faster.

- the problem is in the sale of products, if it is possible to independently select the skins and make fur coats, then the business will be just golden, if not, then it is necessary to very carefully calculate the maintenance costs. The main problem is high feeding costs.

Sheep, goats- the problem is in large areas for grazing animals, if there are pastures, then you can try to engage in business, but it is worth remembering that in most regions of Russia this type of meat is not very popular, which reduces their attractiveness for the market. It is from the point of view of attractiveness that pig breeding looks more promising.

Rabbit breeding- in all respects, very good business, but the rabbits themselves are very flimsy animals, if an epidemic begins, then the death can be 90%. To organize effective rural business it is necessary to organize the closure of sheds with a strict quarantine system. Such premises cost money and are not suitable for all aspiring entrepreneurs.

Other blocks of the most successful business ideas in the countryside

Video example of a village business

Business idea for the village !!! HOW TO EARN IN THE VILLAGE !!!

how people have succeeded in selling natural food

With plans it is even more difficult: for now, only THOUGHT ALOUD: rent a hectare of 200-300 agricultural land for 3 years.
to prepare the land - at the expense of the future harvest
fertilizers - due to grain
no equipment - rent for grain
there are no warehouses - rent for grain or sell from the field.
there are no people - but how many are needed? I don’t know at least an agronomist and a technician-engineer + a couple of workers.
same
to allocate up to 20 hectares for growing vegetables (potatoes, carrots, onions, etc.),
up to 20 hectares for animals (cows, chickens, quails, pigs, lambs, etc.)
there are still thoughts about a mini slaughterhouse, a greenhouse, a refrigerator, grain processing and sunflower oil and much more ... even produce biofuels) and pallets

Oh, a lot to write, but I will try to briefly:

1. Renting for 3 years is not enough, the risks are huge, the weather, force majeure, the ruble exchange rate, grain prices, etc. For 3 years you will not beat anything off;
2. The future harvest must be insured - this is also money;
3. Fuel and lubricants - a pretty penny will fly out, equipment rental - too;
4. Selling from the field - not an option for large volumes, you need a warehouse. In the case of grain, there is also current, there is no option to trade from the field at all;
5. People for 20 hectares of vegetables need a couple of dozen, not four, as you wrote;
6. 20 hectares of vegetables - it is necessary to establish marketing in order to immediately deliver from the collection to retail outlets;
7. 20 hectares for animals - except for sheep, it is the cheapest place to build a corral for them. The rest - ancillary buildings, premises for winter maintenance, etc. - a pretty penny;
8. Providing animals with fodder - from 20 hectares you will feed a very small livestock on an industrial scale, plus the fodder must be stored somewhere, therefore - again premises;
9. A mini-slaughterhouse is a good thing, but it makes sense in conjunction with the production of meat products on site. Now the realities are such that in many places it is simply not allowed to organize slaughterhouses for small businesses, instead they are sent to the slaughterhouse;
10. Greenhouses are a good thing, on a scale of at least 20 acres of covered surface. But the costs are high here, plus mechanization is needed - every few years to update the little land inside, at least;
11. Biofuel - I can't say anything here;
12. Pallets or pellets? If pellets are nearby a source of suitable raw materials, it is quite a small business. If pallets, that is, Euro pallets, are also normal, but there you will have to buy equipment for one hundred to one hundred and fifty thousand: a good compressor, drum naylers, nails, hoses. Again - premises and sales market.

You can do anything, the question is in the exhaust. You were advised absolutely correctly - start with a dozen chickens. Just keep accurate calculations of the cost of feed, bedding, feeding, etc. I think you will be very surprised when you understand what's what. Now, in order to compete with agricultural holdings, you need to have similar volumes and also be able to hide your conscience in your pocket. Well, or go to the side of "eco" -products.

The farming business is very relevant in modern market conditions... But it also has its pitfalls. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully study the specifics of the activity, possible risks, determine the direction and method of conducting farms.

Features and benefits of a farming business

Consider the key features of a business in agricultural production:

• registration as an individual entrepreneur;
• with livestock farming, you must have your own veterinarian;
• in crop production, an agronomist is needed, because without a specialist, you can simply not notice the death of your crop due to various pests;
• it is necessary to look for buyers well in advance of the sale of crops or animals;
• at a dairy farm, buyers are looked for before purchasing animals.

The advantages of starting your own farm are as follows:

1. Fresh air
2. Environmentally friendly products
3. Running a family business
4. Choice different directions business: livestock, poultry, plant growing, fish farming, beekeeping, etc.
5. Preferential taxation and registration regimes.
6. State support programs.

In recent years, the population's interest in environmentally friendly products has sharply increased.

Analysis of the situation in the field of agriculture in Russia

For more details on the market situation, see this video:

Today, the situation in the agricultural market, against the background of external economic factors, is very favorable for starting this type of business.

Due to many factors, including the gradually depreciating ruble against the dollar, sanctions for Western producers and subsidies for agricultural production, this sector of the economy is now considered profitable for entrepreneurs.

Having studied the situation in the regional market and compiling detailed business plan you can fill an empty niche and ensure the organization has a successful start.

Competitiveness of domestic producers relative to foreign

Over the past decade, the positions of domestic farm producers have significantly strengthened in comparison with foreign ones.

With the current public policy aimed at comprehensive export substitution of agricultural products, and with the active support of the state, the opening and development of new niches in the field of farming is more than relevant.

Competition with European suppliers, which was the main limiting factor, fell to a minimum. The main question for the farmer is the choice of direction and product for farming.

Calculating the approximate costs of starting a business

Investment depends on the initial conditions for development. If a farm is organized on the basis of an existing household, then the costs will be lower. In this case, there are already land and outbuildings.

If a business starts from scratch, then here the amount of investments depends on the direction of activity, the value of land, animals, plants, etc. On average, 5-6 million rubles are needed to open a farm.

Accordingly, they are needed. When looking for an investor, you should use all possible methods, not skipping those that seem unpromising.

The payback also depends on the chosen direction. For instance, the pig farm will begin to pay off in 4-5 years. If breeding of chickens is chosen for the activity, then the profit will begin to flow in 8 months, because these products are in high demand.

Potential risks and profitability of organizing a farm

It is necessary to open a farming business with a clear understanding of the possible risks, since this is a very risky activity. There are many "enemies" here. In the field of animal husbandry, these can be epidemics, quarantine zones, diseases that can lead to the complete death of livestock. In the sulfur of plant growing, these are insects, natural factors, etc.

Business profitability directly depends on the choice of activity and the quality of the approach to your company. If you organize a farm competently, clearly taking into account all the nuances and risks, then, as a rule, any farm is quite profitable.

Where to start a business

Business organization is a long, painstaking process.

First of all, a novice entrepreneur who has firmly decided to organize his own farm (be it animal or crop production) needs to solve the following topical issues:

1. Determine the direction of activity. For example, you can be engaged in crop production or animal husbandry. Much here depends on what kind of profit is planned in the future - seasonal or off-season, as well as on financial capabilities, experience, market situation. For example, if plant growing, then you will need it.
2. Draw up a detailed business plan. In it, you need to calculate in detail the costs and expected income, determine the payback period of the investment. It is important to take into account the specifics of the situation on the regional market.
3. Purchase the necessary land, machinery, livestock, etc. In this case, it is better to consult with experienced specialists, to study all the nuances of the chosen branch of agriculture.
4. Go through the state registration procedure. Depending on the line of business, the company can be registered as an individual entrepreneur or as an LLC. It is necessary to develop and maintain supporting documentation, obtain the necessary permits.
5. Apply for government support and possible with financing of activities. The state offers lucrative loans to agricultural enterprises, and many banks are ready to issue loans on favorable terms.

It is important to remember that a confident and successful start decides a lot in agriculture.

Agriculture in Russia is not going through the best of its times. However, the agro-industrial complex, and agriculture as a basic industry, still remains the leading sphere of the country's economy, which forms the agri-food market, food and economic security, labor and settlement potential of rural areas.

"Which direction should we go?" Is one of the most pressing issues for the agro-industrial complex. Experts and scientists see prospects in the development of farming. It is private farms that are called upon to bring back the greatness of the industry.

"The development and support of farming is a very important strategic approach. The whole world is on family farms. And the most successful agriculture is where the family works: Europe, America, Brazil, Argentina is an example of this," says the president of the Association of Peasant (Farming) Farms and agricultural cooperatives of Russia (AKKOR) Vladimir Plotnikov.

Is it possible to develop farming in our country? Of course, yes. And there are illustrative examples of this. The Oryol region is an area of ​​intensive agricultural production. 90 percent of all land in the region is agricultural land. About 300 thousand people live in rural areas, which is almost 40 percent of the population of the Oryol region.

Today, 1258 farms and more than 113 thousand personal subsidiary plots are successfully operating in the region. In 2012 alone, in the volume of gross agricultural output, their share amounted to more than 7 percent of the cost.

"Of course, by and large, the general situation in agriculture can be assessed as critical," he said in an interview. Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Natural Resources, Environmental Management and Ecology Vladimir Kashin... - In farms, there is a decline in the number of cattle, and a decrease in milk production. If we talk about grain, then the overall situation is also disappointing. The forecasts of the Ministry of Agriculture for 95 million tons may not be justified by 25 million tons, and the quality of grain is also deteriorating. It must be remembered that there are niches in agriculture that should be occupied primarily by personal subsidiary plots. There you can grow 70-85 percent potatoes, vegetables and fruits. This could be poultry farming. They are the ones that need to be given special attention now. The authorities including ".

It should be noted that in the Oryol region, according to the results of last year, farmers produced 2,035 tons of livestock and poultry in live weight, 10,359 tons of milk, more than 340 thousand tons of grain, more than 30 thousand tons of potatoes, three thousand tons of vegetables.

Support for farmers in the Oryol region is carried out within the framework of the state program for the development of agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020, determined by the decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Oryol region.

Events are held regularly. In the first half of 2013 alone, 37.758 million rubles were allocated for all kinds of subsidies, including more than three million from the regional budget. Farms can count on financial support in the form of reimbursement of costs for construction, modernization, technical re-equipment, and reconstruction.

Since 2012, a number of departmental target programs have been operating in the region. They cover family-run livestock farms and, most importantly, support budding farmers. In general, it is profitable for a novice farmer to be a novice farmer in the Oryol region. The authorities are particularly keen to support those who are just trying to get on their feet, to contribute to the development of the regional agro-industrial complex.

Novice farmers can count on grants of up to one and a half million rubles and a one-time aid for household improvement up to 250 thousand rubles. The maximum size of a grant for the development of a family livestock farm per one peasant (farm) farm is 10 million rubles, but no more than 60 percent of the cost. In fact, more than half of all costs.

It is profitable to invest in such projects. As Vladimir Plotnikov noted in an interview, "those family farms that are now operating in our country are economically efficient."

"There is a completely different interest here. People work on their land. For themselves. And the fact that the government of the Oryol region is making efforts to develop family farms and novice farmers is strategically correct. And this experience should be used throughout Russia," the president said ACCOR. According to Plotnikov, private farming is the future of Russian agriculture.

“We simply have no other way. Already now the share of farmers in the total production volume is increasing every year, the number of livestock is growing, and, consequently, the volume of milk production is growing. The number of arable lands is increasing. The transition to private farming is already underway. And if the systematic approach that is used in the Oryol region is applied everywhere, then it will go faster, "said Vladimir Nikolaevich.

Oryol novice farmers can count on a number of concessions. The authorities are ready to support them. Grants can be spent both for the purchase of land, construction, repair and redevelopment of premises, and for the construction of roads, connection to electricity, water, gas and heat supply networks. They will also help with the purchase of animals, equipment, inventory, seeds and planting material, the necessary transport and equipment.

Today, private farms in the Oryol region specialize in milk production, growing grain crops and potatoes. There are farms engaged in sheep breeding, goose breeding, fish farming. For the payment of grants last year, 41.96 million rubles were allocated from the federal and regional budgets. With this money, five livestock buildings were reconstructed, 146 heads of cows and heifers, 242 heads of sheep were purchased.

Beginning farmers have expanded their vehicle fleets. Nine tractors, 27 units of trailed implements, 3 cars were purchased. The farms were replenished with 72 heads of cows and heifers, 82 heads of young cattle, 50 heads of sheep. 3 livestock buildings have been built and reconstructed, a cage line for raising valuable fish species is under construction.

For the payment of grants in 2013, 43.27 million rubles were allocated from the federal and regional budgets. Peasant (private) farms are planning to reconstruct and complete 5 livestock buildings, purchase 12 tractors, 1 harvester, 11 units of trailed implements, 240 cows and heifers, 270 young cattle, 300 sheep.

“It is still very difficult for a peasant to stand up to his full height. We cannot protect anyone from the vagaries of the weather, crop failure, financial troubles. start, prospects for growth. Every year the percentage of those wishing to receive them, as well as the total number of farmers increases. This is a certain indicator of confidence in the state policy in the field of rural entrepreneurship. In essence, building a dialogue with farmers, we are laying the foundation for the revival and strengthening of the Oryol village " , - the Governor of the Oryol Region Alexander Kozlov commented on the system of farming support that has developed in the region.

The development of family livestock farms, support for novice farmers are priority areas. They are included in the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets for 2013-2020. So the work with potential recipients of grants will continue, which means that the agro-industrial complex of the Oryol region will continue to develop.

Vladimir Slezko. Photo: AiF Bryansk / Olga Momot

Vladimir Slezko three times a week brings goat milk, cheese, sour cream, butter and cottage cheese from Kletnya to Bryansk from a small family backyard. For some time now it has been the only source of income for his large family. However, despite the fact that the demand for organic and natural products is growing in most large cities, the farmer has some problems with marketing.

Horned Nurses

Olga Momot, AiF Bryansk: Vladimir, tell me, how did you decide to start your own business during the crisis, besides, the dairy industry is not the most profitable in agriculture?

Vladimir SLYOZKO, an aspiring dairy farmer, was born and lives in Kletna. He is married and has three daughters.

Vladimir Slezko: Actually, the crisis spurred me to start doing subsistence farming. Previously, there was no such need, the goats were kept only for themselves. He constantly traveled to Moscow to earn money, but now it has become difficult to work in the capital, and in the countryside, except for your work, you will not earn anything else. So we had to revive the traditions of our ancestors. My wife and I thought about it and decided to open a small family farm. They built a spacious barn, bought goats with savings. Of course, keeping the farm afloat is not easy, but we are not complaining yet.

- Why goats and not cows?

My father kept goats all his life, he himself made cheese, sour cream and cottage cheese from milk. You can say that I grew up on these home products, so, probably, I never got sick. I took these animals for myself in the courtyard when I already had children of my own, and they, as it happens, began to catch colds often. But as soon as goat milk products appeared on their menu, all problems immediately receded. In addition, there is less hassle with goats. They are not as capricious as cows, easier to graze and less burdensome to maintain.

The modern food industry has taught us to use flavors, thickeners, additives, preservatives, do people generally remember the taste of natural milk, cottage cheese?

Several generations really know only the taste of powdered milk. And only those who grew up in the countryside, who had their own farm, understand the full value of a natural product. Most city dwellers only begin to realize the difference over time. Although, if you objectively look the truth in the eye, there are no useful substances in store milk or meat for a long time - solid chemicals, and for our money. And to the detriment of health.

Made with love

Most farmers now complain not about production problems, but about marketing difficulties. Is there really nowhere to sell finished products?

Nowhere and no one. For example, in Kletnja, almost every farm has goats, and everyone carries the surplus to the market. For Bryansk dairy producers, such a concept as a sales market has long ceased to exist. And nobody is doing anything to solve this problem. Maybe, of course, the situation is the same in other regions, I don’t presume to argue, but we have neither specialized fairs, nor bazaars, nor have we ever had it. So everyone survives as best he can. For example, I tried several times to negotiate deliveries to local stores, but I was offered a completely ridiculous price, not even at cost. And I also need to feed my family. I know that I am far from the only one who faced such a problem. Such examples are common.

- It is probably difficult to maintain a whole courtyard together with your wife, how does your day usually begin?

We still have a modest farm - only 20 goats. Each needs to be milked, fed, so we get up early, about six o'clock. Then, based on the milk yield, we begin to calculate where and how much milk we need. For example, to make one kilogram of natural cheese, you need nine to ten liters of whole milk. With an average milk yield from one goat of two liters, you cannot count on much. Fortunately, cheese is not the most popular product; more often people come for milk.

- How do you know the technology of making cheeses, does this require special knowledge?

In times of free internet access, this is not a problem. In addition, it is difficult only the first two or three times, and then you fill your hand, look at what is missing, and correct mistakes, if any. Of course, when we started producing cheese, cottage cheese and sour cream for sale, all technologies were already improved.

Earn trust

- Why do you think we now have so many counterfeit products on the shelves, echoes of sanctions?

I think it's not so much about the sanctions as about the attitude of manufacturers to their products. Mass production is always a profit hunt, which often goes to the detriment of quality. For example, I am ashamed to sell milk, which does not suit me myself. Plus, if I start to make a fake - I will lose much more - the trust of my clients, which I have won for so long. In addition, I am a believer and I try to do everything conscientiously so that people are satisfied and come to me again.

- Have you tried to apply for state support?

Tried it, but what's the point? Further development is not a problem, any farmer will tell you this, but this growth needs to be justified. In other words, while the sales market in the region does not work and it is unprofitable to sell a “native” product, why increase production?