Women's magazine Superstyle: Cheap and cheerful. Elite clothing from someone else's shoulder. When buying, you need to carefully check that there is nothing left of the old owners in the pockets and that all things are clean enough Spelling H and HH in complex adjectives

The debate about whether they can make a person happy never subsided. And scientific studies on this issue have not been able to give an unambiguous answer. It wasn't until the 1970s that economist Richard Easterlin discovered a paradox: money helps you become happier, but only up to a certain point. As soon as you have enough for everything you need, the pleasure of money becomes less and less, no matter how huge the income may be.

Researchers at Cornell University have made another attempt to find out if happiness can be bought. It turned out that it is possible, but the amount of money earned does not affect mental well-being. It is not money that will help you to enjoy life, but the right acquisitions.

Happiness is a human condition that corresponds to the greatest inner satisfaction with the conditions of one's being, the fullness and meaningfulness of life, the realization of one's human purpose.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Money tends to run out, even if you have billions of dollars in accounts that few can boast of. To buy real happiness with your hard earned, and not a fake for it, you need to carefully choose the purchase. Imagine that you have the opportunity to make a profitable purchase. What images do you have in your mind? For the vast majority of people, they will be material: apartments, cars, factories, furniture, things.

We believe that it is necessary to acquire things that will be stored for a long time, which means that they will please us if we just look at them or think about them. Dr. Thomas Gilovich, who works at Cornell University in the United States, has concluded that this is a logical trap. Thinking that the pleasure of buying things can be infinite, we make a mistake. It turns out that the joy of attending a concert or exhibition, hiking in the mountains or going to a conference is much stronger and lasts longer than the excitement of a new renovation.

New things please, but only while they are new

The main enemy of our happiness is adaptation or habit. Dr. Gilovich has studied how the shopping experience changes for nearly two decades. We spend money, we receive things in exchange for them, and at this moment the joy is very strong. But time passes, we get used to what we have, emotions fade away, and buying no longer causes joy: I want to buy another jacket, I want to find a bigger apartment, I want to get into a more powerful car. We spend money on things again, and they bore us again.

In order not to fall into a vicious circle, Dr. Jilovich advises to think three times before buying and invest in new experience: gain new knowledge, go in for sports or go on a trip.

I have practically no craving for "materialism", and I buy things infrequently and out of necessity, but I spend money on impressions with pleasure.

If I have a choice: buy a new phone, despite the fact that the old one works well, or buy a subscription to the pool for a year, I will choose the pool, because I will get used to the phone in a month and stop paying attention to it, and the pool will stably please me three once a week. I like swimming, I can feel how my body is resting and exercising, and I see some progress. These sensations are regular and much more pleasant than the short-term joy of a purchased phone.

I believe that doing something for the body and mind is better than buying a certain item without experiencing a special need for it. Because the body and mind are yourself, and the object exists separately. Therefore, the joy from him is usually short: I played a little, and I already want a new one.

Oleg Vikharev

Dr. Gilovich learned how habit affects our happiness. The respondents who took part in the study needed to tell how their attitude to purchases and to the acquired experience changed.

Initially, the joy was equally strong. But over time, the purchased things brought less satisfaction. But memories of impressions or new skills in which money was invested were more pleasing, and their value only grew.

You can buy and store material values... They will lie and ... that's all. Gradually, the delight will subside. Things live long, but happiness is fleeting matter. The longer a thing serves us, the more firmly it is embedded in the background picture of the surrounding world, the easier it is to stop noticing it.

Today a new car is your dream come true! It sparkles, growls, rushes. You will only drive to proven car washes, leave it only in covered parking lots, take selfies while driving. And never allow smoking in the salon! After a couple of weeks, late for an appointment, you jump behind the wheel in dirty shoes. After six months, you will unsuccessfully park and decorate the bumper with a scratch. And right there at the crossroads you will be cut off by some brand new jeep, which is definitely cooler in some way. After a couple of years, after wiping the number with a rag, you will take the car from the spontaneous parking near the house and go to the car dealership for new emotions.

We get used to exactly what stays with us for a long time, and in this matter, things, turning into a routine and commonplace, greatly lose to impressions and experience. The longer an object is next to us, the less we are interested in it. And any impressions become an inseparable part of our "I". Experience is not static, it accumulates, changes depending on our views. Things stay the same or wear out, and experience builds into us and shapes the personality.

Money can buy happiness, but it cannot be held back.

If the joy even from a good purchase gradually melts away, what can we say about things that turned out to be of not very high quality? Nothing but disappointment can be expected. And experiences, even negative ones, will be beneficial and satisfying. One of Jilovich's studies showed that if your impressions of the event were not bright, you need to talk about it with loved ones you trust. After analyzing unpleasant situations, people rate their experience much higher. Remember how much funny stories that are told in friendly companies began with clearly unsuccessful ideas.

Once a torrential rain drove seven people into a two-person tent with holes. All seven were convinced that this was the nastiest night of their lives. But a week later, an unpleasant episode in eyewitness accounts turned into a hilariously funny story.

It's embarrassing to even repeat the fact that they learn from mistakes, but this key function negative experience.

Another reason it's worth paying for new experiences is that the experience brings you closer to other people. You have much more in common with the person you skydived with than with the person who bought the same kitchen set as you. Experience is always a reason to communicate. We receive it together with other people, and then share it with new acquaintances, building long communication chains. Who is more interesting for you to talk to: a graduate of the acting course you just signed up for, or a stranger jewelry store?

I do not have and never had a car, I do not have a purchased apartment, and I never planned to buy them. I have always spent only on experience and travel. First to the Crimea, then to other countries. I buy a new gadget not because I want to stand out, but because I wonder how people will use it. My hobbies are triathlon and Ironman is an experience, my book is an experience. All these are costs that do not bring money, but I have a lot to tell and something to be proud of. This is the main thing for me. And not "your corner".

Slava Baransky

Only you can evaluate your experience. Compare your house with others: which side of the windows overlook in the house opposite, what size is the neighbor's plot, what wonderful architecture near the royal palace ... You can always find a reason for envy if you draw parallels with similar things. And your impressions will stand up to any test and photos on Facebook.

Things are much easier to compare. How much is? How many carats? How many horses? How many meters? Now try applying this to your experience. How much knowledge do you have in grams? How much joy is in horsepower?

Envy, from which it is very difficult, haunts us much less if we do not compare things. Of course, even on vacation you can find a reason to envy: someone flies first class and stays in a suite, while someone goes to the hostel to spend the night. But there are much more negative emotions when you compare your expensive bag with the bag of a colleague.

How much you need to earn to have enough for happiness

It should not be forgotten that, in accordance with Easterlin's paradox, material goods in the economy at a certain stage remain synonymous with happiness. Even paradise in a hut is accessible only if there is a hut or at least branches for construction. But are you sure that weaving the fourth floor is more important than learning how to build from stone?

The World Happiness Index shows over and over again that people feel satisfied not only in prosperous countries, but also on the poor African continent, and in problematic South America... In Europe, the leading positions are taken by states in which the education system is well developed and residents can maintain a balance between work and leisure.

I conduct trainings. Their main tasks: harmonization inner peace, removing subconscious blocks and attitudes, solving problems of the past for a happy future. So, every second person who comes to study (and maybe more) is more or less obsessed with money. And even from the point of view of elementary psychology, one can see that this race is proof of its significance, its abilities, and its existence in general.

In our world, money began to mean so much that their amount supposedly makes you cool, strong, smart. And I ask these people a question: “Imagine that you have everything material that you dreamed of: money, cars, apartments, yachts, houses, equipment ... But at the same time you are left alone in the desert, there are no people around, and you have no one show all your wealth. What to do? What would you wish then? " It’s easy to guess that everyone answers about the same: I would like to have someone close to whom I can talk, eat, drink, go hiking, sleep in a tent, travel.

When people get rid of the obsession "cut the dough" and start just living, earning, but doing what they love, the smile never leaves their faces.

Victoria Efremova

How to overcome the Easterlin paradox and make money work for our happiness? Gain experience, not just material goods. Experience is a way to get the most out of your money, no matter how broad or modest your financial options are. This statement doesn't just work on a personal level. If you want to engage employees with the process and increase the efficiency of the enterprise - give employees the opportunity to learn. If you want to build a political or administrative career, make voters happy by helping them gain more experience.

The next time you think about what to spend your free money on, try buying yourself some experience and happiness. And remember, the experience is available completely free of charge.

1. Alexander Blok has created a special poetic world permeated with blue and purple, woven from glare and filled with amazing melody.
Permeated, woven, filled - full passive participles of the past tense, an image. from verbs perk. species (pierce, weave, ...)
Special - adjective, derived from the noun individual + suffix ENH

2. Subsequently, I found in the closet some unusual (1) manuscripts, bound (2) in volumes and writing (3) in Latin. 123

2. Subsequently, I found in the closet some extraordinary manuscripts bound into volumes and written in Latin.
extraordinary -added.
intertwined-communion owls. view;
written - pr. with a dependent word (in Latin).

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
3.Light walls of sophistication (1) proportions, department (2) ceramic tiles topped (3) with a decorative majolica sash with a whimsical image of orchids. 12

crowned - kr. and (which crowned ...). Refined - remember.

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
4. On the letter (1) table - the manuscript of the story "The Old Woman", leather (2) folder for papers, silver (3) paper with the monogram "IB", heavy glass (4) inkwell with a copper lid ... 14.

Written - letter + suffix. ENN, glass - excluded.

Indicate all numbers in the place of which one letter H is written.
5.On the yacht - the firm (1) is stamped "K. Faberge ", and on the silver (2) rim, put on crystal, engraved (3) about its name" Faith ". 23

engraved - cr. and (replacement for engraved)

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
6.The brightly lit (1) glass-cases showcase (2) jewelery from (3) precious stones, made by (4) local factories. 134

exhibited - cr. and (replacement for exhibited)

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
7.On the diver's feet are long (1) fins, made of (2) ordinary (3) rubber, and (4) air cylinders are attached to the back. 123

attached - cr. and

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
8. V.G. Korolenko and in a chamber (1) in St. Petersburg found an old tree (2) house, provincial cozy, with beautiful (3) floors. 12.
To paint is a nesov verb. view

9. In the heroes of his paintings, Pablo Picasso wanted to see the carriers of truth hidden from ordinary people (1) s, accessible only within (2) his gaze of man, his higher (3) nature.
1.

Raise (Sov.) - exalted. Raise is nonsov.
Suffix -Enn, if not defined. verb form. -It or -Et (see participle suffixes).

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written. DIFFICULT TASK.
10. In the self-portrait, the artist is dressed in a sophisticated (1) cloak, his face is calm and confident (2), his mustache and beard are carefully groomed (3). 3

well-groomed - kr. and (a replacement is possible: the mustache was looked after), sure (what is it?) - cr. adj.

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
11. In the first pictures of I.N. Nikitin was somewhat simpler (1): figures are taken out of the darkness of undefined (3) space by a beam of bright light and exist outside of connection with the environment. 2

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
12. Music by S.S. Prokofiev requires the listener to concentrate (1) an awareness, which will help the listener to comprehend the depth of the piece, to appreciate the unexpected (2) decisions in the construction of melodies and harmonies, impeccably (3) on logical forms. 123

Unexpected is the exception, focusing (1) from the focused

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
13. Why skates, made (1) of any material, slide only on the ice (2) surface and do not slide perfectly (3) on the smooth cam (4) floor? 134

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
14. The vestibule (1) decorated with marble tiles (2) and glass (3) vases and gilded (4) furniture, created by (5) the best masters of Italy. 135

paved - pr. with frozen. words (marble tiles)

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
15. According to M.Yu. Lermontov, a brightly gifted (1) personality in the circle of nonentities is doomed (2) to misunderstanding and loneliness, and if he behaves in accordance with (3) the “norms” of this society, then on gradual (4) self-destruction. 2

doomed - kr. and

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
16. Repetition - favorite (1) th A.P. Chekhov's art (2) th means - in the story "Darling" is the main way of constructing a work: monotony (3) awn, expectation of situations, monotony of actions, multiplied (4) by the mechanicalness of reproduction, create a comic effect. 1234

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
17. Maybe the skates are called (1) skates precisely because in the old days they made wood (2) skates, decorated (3) with a curl in the form of a horse (4) head. 23

named - kr. (named), wooden is an exception.

18. At the end of the 19th century, Alexander Panshin constructed (1) nevid (2) elongated (3) skates, which allowed him to defeat the fi (4) and Norwegian racers. 23

lengthen (non-Soviet) and lengthen (Soviet) - elongated, unseen - excl., lengthen - ow.

In place of what numbers is NN written?
19. We see that in the bone (1) dug skates, found (2) dug by archaeologists in the north of Europe, there were (3) holes for leather (4) dangling ribbons. 2

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
20. In the old days (1) the bow was a formidable weapon: a kalyo (2) arrow, more than (3) by the hand of an experienced shooter, could pierce a thicker (4) wall. 34

21. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which NN is written.
The sun gilded in the east, behind the dark blue (1) blue of the distant (2) forests, behind the white snowy lowland (3) awn, which the ancient Russian city was looking at from the low coast. 123 distant - to alienate the owls.

22. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which NN is written.
In Vermeier's painting "Street", sweep the pavement (1) a, the porch (2) washed with tiles, the facades of the houses below are whitewashed (3) with lime. 2

tiled porch

23. Indicate all numbers in the place of which N. is written.
The fragile (1) th silhouette of the girl depicted in the painting (2) stands out against the background of the white (3) wall, along which mother-of-pearl shadows run. 13

chiseled - to sharpen and whitewash - verb. not of the same type.

24. Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.
The picture depicts (1) a cheerful village wedding, a motley mass of people successfully fit (2) and into the landscape - wide, with a beautifully drawn (3) high blue sky.

25. Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.
The model of the new palace was delivered (1) to St. Petersburg, approved (2) by the empress, after which the ceremony (3) was held at the ceremony of laying the first stone.

26. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
The owner was wearing a cloth (1) shirt, belts (2) leather (3) thong, and not ironed (4) trousers for a long time. 13

27. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which NN is written.
The portrait of a (1) th man, painted by (2) an artist with a remarkable (3) talent, was part of the (4) th (5) th mistress of the house. 123

from a dozen - remarkable - adj. (root: -dozen-; suffix: -n)

28. Indicate all numbers in the place of which N. is written.
The house stood somewhat apart from the forest, the walls here and there were renewed (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, adorned (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin. 12

29. Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.
Opera S.S. Prokofiev War and Peace, written (1) based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy, rescheduled (2) but in the spirit of traditional (3) Russian opera music of the 19th century. 13

30. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
Valaam became a (1) painting school for I. Shishkin: the (2) Valaam canvases brought him a silver (3) medal of the Academy of Arts, and after two landscapes were awarded (4) a gold medal, the artist was sent on a creative trip to Italy. 134

31. Indicate all numbers in the place of which N. is written.
Some of the paintings by the artist Savrasov were small; by writing (1) them within one to two hours, they mark (2) the charm and inspiration of (3) improvisations. 2

32. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures ryazhe (1) with mashed (2) soot faces, a girl in a snow-white dress with a wicker (3) basket in her hands stands out brightly.
13

mummer - to line, wicker - to weave - from the verbs of nes. species; smeared with soot ...

33. Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.
The main action of the picture unfolds in the background: in a bright crying room (1) a lady with a child in her arms looks with entreaty at the invited (2) doctor in silver (3) pince-nez. 123

Cry, invite, silver - verb. owls. species.

34. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
In the 18th century in Russian music there was a special (1) about the spread (2) s melodies, in which the appearance (3) about the features of a folk song. 2

35. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which NN is written.
The originality of the art of (1) the th world of the ra (2) their stories N.V. Gogol is connected (3) with the use of folklore traditions: in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions, the writer found themes and plots for his works. 124

namely, a particle

36. Indicate all numbers in the place of which N. is written.
The rooms were furnished (1) with remarkable luxury: the walls were upholstered with colorful Bukhara carpets, the ceilings were painted (2) with oil paints (3), the floors were covered with real Persian carpets.

123

37. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which NN is written.
The dying garden and the failed, even unnoticed (1) love - two inner (2) connections (3) themes - give the play by A.P. Chekhov's sad and poetic character.
123

to notice and notice (Sov. view) - unnoticed, internal - adj. with a suffix. ENN

38. Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.
The walls to visit (1) were covered with (2) light wallpaper with wild (3) patterns, so similar in style to the silver (4) clock hung (5) above the door. 35

39. Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.
Against the country (1) and formidable background of the sunset sky, the jagged wall of the coniferous forest seemed clearly drawn (2), and here and there the transparent round tops of birches sticking out above it seemed to be outlined (3) in the sky with light strokes. 12

strange from side

40. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
The river is especially (1) beautiful in the morning (2) it is foggy, when its crystal streams are transparent, like silver (3) threads, and illuminated (4) by the cold autumn sun. 34

highlighted - cr. and it is frozen. words do not affect the number H

42. Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.
According to the plan, N.V. Gogol was going to lead Chichikov through the temptation of property (1) by virtue, through life (2) filth and an abomination to morality (3) renaissance. 123

own, life, moral - adjectives with a suffix. ENN.

43. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
This valley is a glorious place: on all sides the mountains are impregnable, reddish rocks, which are surrounded by (1) green ivy and crowned with (2) clumps of plane trees, yellow precipices, streaked by (3) gullies, high-high - golden fringe of clouds, and below - Aragva. 12

44. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which NN is written.
Long (1) row of unseen (2) paintings in old (3) frames, hanging (4) on unpainted (5) walls, delighted the eye with a riot of colors. 1234 unseen - an exception

45. Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.
In the distance, on a steep limestone bank, washed away by floods, in the morning (1) air you can clearly see a village with a white kama (2) church and wind (3) mills. 12

46. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
The topic of femininity (1) ave in the philosophical perception of Russia is quite traditional (2) a; it was expressed in the works of the Slavophiles, was developed in the concepts of the philosophers of Silver (3rd) century: V. Solovyov, V. Rozanov, N. Berdyaev. 3

from adj. feminine (suffix -ENN), traditional (suffix -ONN)

47. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
To this day, the archives have preserved invoices showing (1) the artist for the delivery of (2) oils to him (3) paints. 3

presented from present (sov.v.), and not from present (unsov.v.)

48. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.
In the self-portrait, the artist is depicted in a sophisticated cloak (1), his face is calm and confident (2), his mustache and beard are carefully styled (3). 3

49. Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.
In his work, Salvador Dali was a tireless seeker who hated everyday life (1) and created new (2) images and unexpected (3) compositions. 123

adj. ordinary (suffix -ENN), unexpected - an exception

50. Indicate the number (s), in the place of which (s) is written N.
In the late work of Salvador Dali, (1) new art (2) tendencies are expressed - interest in classical clarity, inner (3) harmony. 1

51. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which NN is written.
The relics (1) flagstone courtyards on four sides were surrounded (2) by a continuous chain of buildings, there was no entrance from the street to the houses, and first you had to enter the chamber (3) low gate with an iron grating. 13

There are things that can "stretch" not the most successful image, but turn a prosaic combination of a white T-shirt and boyfriend jeans into a very fashionable way out. And there are clothes and accessories that can make any of your looks cheap and uninteresting. Look for a stop-list of style "killers" in our article!

White shoes

Snow white leather shoes may not look appropriate anywhere (even for brides, there are many alternatives). They are often supplemented with a "comfortable" heel, which gives them an even more old-fashioned and unattractive appearance... By the way, white shoes, in principle, are more than a good idea, especially if you regularly wear a total black look. Therefore, feel free to choose white sneakers, sneakers or birkenstock.

Low-quality bags made of artificial materials

Popular

We have nothing against faux leather and suede: some luxury brands, such as green Stella McCartney, produce faux leather accessories and shoes that are of stunning quality. Unfortunately, mass-market and mid-price brands often save on quality, offering customers products that lose their presentable appearance after a week. Don't forget - shoes and bags are worth investing in.

Overly decorated things

It is no longer fashionable to dress with an emphasis on "expensive-richness" - a dress decorated with ruffles, lace and embroidery at the same time will cause bewilderment of those around. Normcore and simplicity are the new black, and there is only one accent in the look. In case of a strong desire to "put on everything at once", like a mantra, repeat the advice of stylish French women.

Things that are too bright and unnatural

"Acid DJ, hey!" - we once shouted at school discos, dancing to the hits of Russian pop music. The crazy 90s are in the past, and are you still trying to look like a British raver or a Barbie doll? Throw away all unnaturally bright colors immediately - such outfits look extremely tasteless.

"Fake"

Oilcloth "prades" and "louis wyuttons" from the passage are immediately visible, and with the naked eye - their low quality speaks for itself. Instead of buying a low-quality fake and shudderingly awaiting exposure from your friends, spend the same money on an inexpensive but leather bag. good brand middle price category. The same goes for “fake” shoes, clothes and accessories.

Rhinestones

The only rhinestones that can be walked on are Swarovski rhinestones in jewelry. All the "shiny things" glued to clothes with cheap glue should be mentioned in vain as a relic of the 90s. And do not try to buy a thing with rhinestones in the hope of then get rid of them - many years of experience hundreds of thousands of fashionistas proves that you will not be able to do this without leaving a trace, and ugly traces of glue are unlikely to become the highlight of your image.

Jeans that are too low-rise and have underwear sticking out

This is how high school girls went in the early 2000s, regularly receiving scolding from teachers and parents for "chilled organs" and inappropriate appearance. It would seem that all of them should have grown up long ago and realized that this is not only not "sexy", but also very vulgar. But, unfortunately, some lovers of shining underwear still meet today. Remember: underwear is for that and underwear, to be under the clothes, and not to peek out from under it in a friendly manner.

2010 Thinkstock

One of the categories of people who often have to deal with the problem of used things are mothers of young children. Fast growing babies need a lot of clothes, shoes and accessories, and high-quality things are not cheap. Even if a person completely denies the possibility of buying or accepting new things as a gift, sooner or later the question arises before him, what to do with unnecessary things? Folding in closets? Give it to your friends? But then they will already use new things.

At the same time, selling, giving, taking and buying a stroller or crib, from which someone's baby grew up, is not considered shameful. Young mothers do this successfully by placing advertisements in the Iz Ruk v Ruki newspaper or on numerous sites on the Internet.

Thrift stores, familiar to us from Soviet times, gradually disappeared somewhere. Not all of them have disappeared, but finding such a store is not easy now. Partially thrift shops have moved to the Internet, which is convenient, but the virtual audience does not fully cover those who would like to use new things. Many pensioners, for example, would be glad to buy a new TV set, but where is it? Not everyone has a computer.

Job catalog.
Training and diagnostic tasks

Sorting Basic Simple first Complex first Most popular New first Oldest first

Return to the catalog of tasks
Version for printing and copying in MS Word

Subsequently, I found in the closet some unusual (1) manuscripts, bound (2) in volumes and writing (3) in Latin.

Here is the correct spelling.

Later I found in the closet some extraordinary manuscripts bound into volumes and written in Latin.

extraordinary - adj., traditional spelling

intertwined-communion owls. view;

written (how? with what?) - pr. with a dependent word.

Answer: 123

Relevance: Used since 2015

Difficulty: increased

14.1.1 Two HH in suffixes

If:

note

Note:

If:

perfect kind

Bought, redeemed;

abandoned-abandoned.

Excited excited how? this message excited

organized and educated

note

We add more words here:

forged, nibbled, chewed

wounded in battle wounded

That is, it answers the question what did you do with the item? .

stew(it was stewed) meat,

bobbed(they were cut) hair,

boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,

SCRAP(it was broken) the line

stained

BUT:

braised in the oven(it was stewed) meat,

recently cropped(they were cut) hair,

steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.

fat beauty

but) : and others.

b): smooth O PAINTED ( O paint), fresh per ICE CREAM ( per freeze), etc.).

Rule:

1) on the issue

2) by value

3) by the presence of a dependent word

Brief participles	Short adjectives

For example: calmly calm suffix H; slowly slow HH; enthusiastically with NN, since in the sacrament infatuated NN.

1) on the issue

2) by value

3) by role in the proposal:

NN	H
captive (captive)	oilman (petroleum)
	hotel (living room)
exile (exiled)	windy (windy)
larch (deciduous)	confusion (confused)
pupil (brought up)	spice (spicy)
humanity (humane)	sandstone (sandy)
high ground (sublime)	smoked (smoked)

devotion (devotee)	peat bog (peat)

and many others.

	H *
	toiler / worker (from toil)
squad / nickname (from squad)	torment / enik (from torment)
raspberry / nick (raspberry)	powder / enitsa (from powder)
name day / nickname (name day)	birth / enitsa (to give birth)
cheating / nickname (cheating)	brother-in-law / e / nits / a
nephew	var / enik (cook)
dowry / prostrate	BUT: dowry (from lend)
insomnia	student
aspen / nick	unbroken / enik
ringing / beating	silver / nick

Note to the table

NN is also written in words traveler(from traveling), predecessor(precede)

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.

Okryle (1) the success of his poem, Guys published the collection "Steal the (2) th portfolio", which included a funny parody of Milton's poem "The loss of the (3) th paradise". But still the most famous are his love elegies, in which irony and melancholy, grace and depth are combined (4).

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

Inspired by the success of his poem, Guys published a collection "The Stolen Portfolio", which included a funny parody of Milton's poem "Paradise Lost". But still the most famous are his love elegies, in which irony and melancholy, grace and depth are combined.

In this sentence:

WINGED - a full participle formed from a perfective verb;

stolen - full participle formed from the perfect verb;

LOST - a full participle formed from a perfective verb;

CONNECTED - we write a short participle with N.

Answer: 123.

Answer: 123

Rule: Task 15. Spelling N and NN in words of different parts of speech

SPELLING -Н - / - НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.

Traditionally is the most complex topic for students, since the reasonable spelling of N or NN is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The material "Help" summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic H and HN from school textbooks and gives Additional information from the reference books of V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.

14.1 Н and НН in abbreviated adjectives (formed from nouns).

14.1.1 Two HH in suffixes

NN is written in adjective suffixes, if:

1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base in H using the suffix H: fog + H → foggy; POCKET + N → POCKET, PAPER + N → POCKET

old (from the old + H), picture (from the picture + H), deep (from the depth + H), outlandish (from the wild + H), remarkable (from the dozen + H), true (from the truth + H), corvée ( from corvee + H), communal (from community + H), long (from length + H)

note: the word "strange" in terms of modern language does not have the H suffix and is not related to the word "country". But NN can be historically explained: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissenter, a stranger, an outsider.

Etymologically, the spelling of the word "genuine" can also be explained: true in Ancient Russia was the truth that the defendant said "under long-lengths" - with special long sticks or whips.

2) the adjective is formed from the name of the noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -OHN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), triumphant (triumph).

Exception: windy (but: windless).

Note:

There are word-names adjectives in which H is part of the root. These words need to be remembered; they are not derived from nouns:

crimson, green, spicy, drunk, pork, red, ruddy, young.

14.1.2. The suffixes of adjectives are written H

The suffixes of adjectives are written H, if:

1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often mean "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.

2) the adjective has suffixes -АН-, -ЯН- ( sandy, leather, oat, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": from sand, from leather, from oats, from earth.

Exceptions: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN.

14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.

As you know, both participles and adjectives (= verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing N and NN in these words are different.

14.2.1 НН in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives

In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, NN is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:

1) the word is formed from a verb perfect kind, WITH A PRESET OR WITHOUT, for example:

from the verbs buy, redeem (what to do ?, perfect form): Bought, redeemed;

from the verbs throw, throw (what to do ?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.

The prefix does NOT change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix gives the word a perfect look

2) the word has suffixes -ОВА-, -EVA- even in imperfect words ( marinated, asphalted, automated).

3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participial turnover, for example: ice cream in the fridge, boiled in broth).

NOTE: In cases where the full participle passes in a specific sentence in the name of the adjective, the spelling does not change. For example: Excited with this message, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. The highlighted word is a participle in a participle, excited how? this message... Change the sentence: His face was excited, and there is no more participle, no turnover, because a person cannot be "agitated", and this is an adjective. In such cases, they talk about the transition of participles into adjectives, but this fact does not affect the spelling of NN in any way.

More examples: The girl was very organized and educated... Here both words are adjectives. The girl was not "educated", and she was always brought up, these are constant signs. Let's change the suggestions: We were in a hurry to the meeting organized by our partners. Mom, brought up in severity, and we were brought up just as strictly... And now the highlighted words are participles.

In such cases, in the explanation for the task, we write: participle adjective or an adjective transferred from a participle.

Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unintentional, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..

note that the words counting (minutes), deeds (indifference)... These words are written by general rule.

We add more words here:

forged, nibbled, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, they are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, horseshoe, chewed.

the wounded one is written N. Compare: wounded in battle(two H, because a dependent word has appeared); wounded, perfect view, there is a prefix).

the smart one is difficult to determine the type of the word.

14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives

In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, H is written if:

the word is formed from the imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and with the word in the sentence there are no dependent words.

stew(it was stewed) meat,

bobbed(they were cut) hair,

boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,

SCRAP(it was broken) the line

stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),

BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately pass into the category of participles and are written with two N.

braised in the oven(it was stewed) meat,

recently cropped(they were cut) hair,

steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.

DIFFER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) different meanings! Stressed vowels are highlighted in capital letters.

named brother, named sister- a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who voluntarily agreed to a brotherly (sisterly) relationship.

planted father (acting as the parent of the groom or bride in the wedding ceremony). - seated at the table;

dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - a given chic look;

Sung (as the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word Narrow, make it narrow)

Forgiven Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;

fat beauty(epithet, phraseological unit) - oil painting.

14.2.3. Spelling N and NN in complex adjectives

As part of a complex word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:

but) the first part is formed from imperfective verbs, which means we write H: plain dyed (dyed), hot rolled, homespun, multicolored, gold-woven (weave); one-piece cut), gold-colored (forge), low-wear (ride), little-walked (walk), little-worn (wear), lightly salted (salt), finely crushed (crushed), freshly quenched (extinguished), frozen (freeze) and others.

b) the second part of a complex word is formed from a prefixed perfective verb, which means we write НН: smooth O PAINTED ( O paint), fresh per ICE CREAM ( per freeze), etc.).

In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PERE-: IRONED-IRONED, LATTED-RAPPED, Worn-Worn-Worn, Washed-Washed, Shot-Shot, Darn-Re-darned.

Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:

14.3. N and NN in short adjectives and short participles

Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.

Rule: One N. is always written in short participles.

Rule: In short adjectives, as many H are written as in the full form.

But to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.

DISTINCT short adjectives and participles:

1) on the issue: short adjectives - what is? what is? what are? what is it like? what are ?, short participle - what is done? what has been done? what is done? what have been done?

2) by value(a short participle refers to an action, can be replaced with a verb; a short adjective gives a description of the word being defined, does not report the action);

3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles do).

Brief participles	Short adjectives
written (story) m. genus; what has been done? by whom?	the boy is educated (what is it?) -from full form educated (what?)
written (book) zh.rod; what has been done? by whom?	the girl is educated (what is it?) - from the full form educated (what?)
written (composition) Wed genus; what was done? by whom?	child educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?)
works written, pl. number; what have been done? by whom?	children are educated (what are?) -from the full form educated (what?)

14.4. One or two H can be written in adverbs.

In adverbs in -O / -E, as many H are written as there are in the original word, For example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with НН, since in the adjective slow HH; enthusiastically with NN, since in the sacrament infatuated NN.

Despite the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is the problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word concentrate (N, NN) o it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.

DIFFERENCE short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.

1) on the issue: short adjectives - what is? what is? what are? what is it like? what are ?, short participle - what is done? what has been done? what is done? what have been done? adverbs: how?

2) by value(a short participle refers to an action, can be replaced with a verb; a short adjective gives a description of the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb denotes a sign of an action, how it happens)

3) by role in the proposal:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb

refers to the verb and is a circumstance)

14.5. N and NN in nouns

1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), as many H are written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:

NN	H
captive (captive)	oilman (petroleum)
education (educated)	hotel (living room)
exile (exiled)	windy (windy)
larch (deciduous)	confusion (confused)
pupil (brought up)	spice (spicy)
humanity (humane)	sandstone (sandy)
high ground (sublime)	smoked (smoked)
poise (balanced)	delicious ice cream (ice cream)
devotion (devotee)	peat bog (peat)

Words are also formed from adjectives

related / ik from related, side / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, intentionally / ik), put / ik from, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, national / ik from compatriot) and many others.

2. Nouns can also be derived from verbs and other nouns.

It is written НН, one Н is included in the root, and the other in the suffix.	H *
fraud / nickname (from purse, which meant a bag, wallet)	toiler / worker (from toil)
squad / nickname (from squad)	torment / enik (from torment)
raspberry / nick (raspberry)	powder / enitsa (from powder)
name day / nickname (name day)	birth / enitsa (to give birth)
cheating / nickname (cheating)	brother-in-law / e / nits / a
nephew	var / enik (cook)
dowry / prostrate	BUT: dowry (from lend)
insomnia	student
aspen / nick	unbroken / enik
ringing / beating	silver / nick

Note to the table: * Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.

NN is also written in words traveler(from traveling), predecessor(precede)

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.

Old Believers restrained (1) about conferred, and one of them, bending down, went to the stove and put on Yashkin's knees a round loaf of bread, a piece of cooked meat (2), two onions and birch bark (3) a basket of salt, made (4 ) th in the form of a pencil case.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

The Old Believers conferred with restraint, and one of them, bending down, walked over to the stove and put a round loaf of bread, a piece of boiled meat, two onions and a birch bark basket with salt, made in the form of a pencil case, on Yashkin's knees.

In this sentence:

restrained - HOW? an adverb formed from the participle CONTENT (perfect);

vareNogo - a verbal adjective without a prefix and dependent words;

birch bark - an adjective formed from the noun BERESTA using the suffix -YAN-;

done - participle formed from the perfect verb DO.

Answer: 14.

Answer: 14 | 41

Rule: Task 15. Spelling N and NN in words of different parts of speech

SPELLING -Н - / - НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.

Traditionally, it is the most difficult topic for students, since the reasonable spelling of H or HN is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The "Help" material summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic N and NN from school textbooks and provides additional information from the reference books of V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.

14.1 Н and НН in abbreviated adjectives (formed from nouns).

14.1.1 Two HH in suffixes

NN is written in adjective suffixes, if:

1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base in H using the suffix H: fog + H → foggy; POCKET + N → POCKET, PAPER + N → POCKET

note: the word "strange" from the point of view of the modern language does not have the H suffix and is not related to the word "country". But NN can be historically explained: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissenter, a stranger, an outsider.