25 ammonia solution formula. Ammonia water: fertilizer, how to apply, formula and composition. Ammonia is ammonia

Indicator name

Norm for NH3H2O ​​grade "B"

Mass fraction of ammonia,% not less

Mass fraction of ammonia in terms of nitrogen,% not less

20,5

Mass concentration of non-volatile residue, g / dm3, no more

Not standardized

Mass concentration of carbon dioxide, g / dm3, no more

Container type

Net weight, kg

Gross weight, kg

PET canister 11.5 l

10,00

10,45

PET canister 21.5 l

20,00

20,85

PET canister 31.5 l

29,00

30,20

PET barrel 227 l

198,00

210,00

IBC container (eurocube) 1000 l (+50 l)

920,00

980,00

Tank truck 5500 l

4500-5000

Tank truck 13,500 l

12000-12400

Tank truck 15000 l

13200-13500

10% aqueous solution ammonia ... The concentration of the active substance in a liter of solution is 440 ml.

As an auxiliary component, the preparation contains purified water (up to 1 liter).

Release form

Solution for inhalation and external use 10%. Available in 10 ml dropper bottles, 40 and 100 ml bottles.

It is a transparent, volatile liquid, colorless and with a pungent odor.

pharmachologic effect

Annoying , antiseptic , analeptic , emetic .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The product is irritating to the exteroreceptors of the skin and provokes local release prostaglandins , kinin and histamine ... It acts as a liberator in the spinal cord enkephalins and endorphins that block the flow of pain impulses from pathological foci.

When it enters the upper respiratory tract, it interacts with the endings of the trigeminal nerve and reflexively stimulates the respiratory center. The concentrated solution causes the colliquation (softening and dissolution) of the proteins of the microbial cell.

With any method of administration, it is quickly eliminated from the body (mainly by the bronchial glands and lungs). Reflexively affects the tone of the vascular walls and the activity of the heart.

At the site of application, when applied externally, it expands blood vessels, improves tissue regeneration and their trophism, and also stimulates the outflow of metabolites.

With skin irritation, similar reflexes are caused in the segmental muscles and internal organs, contributing to the restoration of disturbed functions and structures.

Suppresses the focus of excitation, which supports the pathological process, reduces muscle tension, hyperalgesia, relieves vasospasm, thus providing a distracting effect.

With prolonged contact, it cauterizes the mucous membranes and skin, which is accompanied by tissue hyperemia, the development of swelling and soreness.

Reception per os in small concentrations stimulates the secretion of glands, acting on the vomiting center, reflexively increases its excitability and induces vomiting.

The drug does not enter the bloodstream.

Indications for use

Inhalation is used to induce breathing in case of fainting.

Ingestion is indicated for stimulating vomiting (diluted).

Topically used to disinfect the doctor's hands before surgery, in the form of lotions for neuralgia, insect bites, myositis.

Contraindications

Intolerance.

Topical application is contraindicated for skin diseases.

Side effects: the effect of vapors and ammonia solution on the human body

If the solution is taken undiluted, it is possible burns of the alimentary canal (esophagus and stomach). Inhalation of the drug in high concentration can provoke reflex respiratory arrest.

Ammonia solution: instructions for use

The instructions for the use of ammonia indicate that the dose of the drug is selected individually, depending on the indications.

In surgical practice, as a means for washing hands, the solution is used according to the Spasokukotsky-Kochergin method, diluting 50 ml of the solution in 1 liter of boiled water (warm).

When used to induce respiration, the solution is applied to gauze or cotton wool. For insect bites, it is used in the form of lotions.

The use of ammonia in horticulture

The use of ammonia for plants is quite diverse: it is used for aphids, for processing onions from an onion fly, for feeding plants.

Ammonium from aphids is used at the rate of 2 tbsp. spoons per 10 liters of water. You should also add a little to the bucket. washing powder- this will provide better adhesion. The solution is used to spray plants.

Ammonia as a fertilizer: in this case, 50 ml of solution should be taken for 4 liters of water. The tool is not only a good feeding for indoor and garden plants, but also allows you to get rid of midges and mosquitoes.

For watering onions, you should dilute 1-2 tbsp in a bucket of water. tablespoons of ammonia. It is recommended to water the plants with such a remedy from the moment of planting until the end of June.

How do I clean gold?

There are several ways to clean gold with ammonia.

You can mix 1 teaspoon of alcohol with a glass of water and 1 tbsp. spoon of any detergent, but you can add to water (200 ml), ammonia (1 teaspoon), (30 ml), half a teaspoon of liquid detergent.

In the first case, the jewelry is placed in a cleaning solution for an hour or two, in the second - for 15 minutes. After cleaning, the gold should be rinsed in water and wiped dry with a napkin.

How do I clean my silver?

To purify silver, ammonia is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 (1 part of alcohol to 10 parts of water). Silver items are left in solution for several hours, then rinsed in water and wiped with a soft cloth.

For regular cleaning of silver, a soap solution is used, to which a small amount of ammonia is added.

Ammonia from cockroaches and ants

To fight ants, 100 ml of the solution is diluted in a liter of water and the furniture in the kitchen is washed with this tool. To get rid of cockroaches with ammonia, they wash the floor.

Ammonia for heels

As a means to soften the hardened skin of the feet, ammonia is mixed with glycerin (1: 1). The product is applied to the feet before going to bed, and socks are put on top.

Overdose. Effects of ammonia vapors on the human body

Overdose causes an increase in the manifestations of adverse reactions. So, the effect on the human body of a high dose of ammonia solution when taken orally is manifested:

• vomiting with a characteristic ammonia odor;
• diarrhea with tenesmus (false, painful urge to defecate);
• laryngeal edema;
• runny nose;
• cough;
• excitement;
• convulsions;
• collapse .

In some cases, it is possible death (the patient dies when taking 10-15 g ammonium hydroxide ).

Treatment for overdose is symptomatic.

Sometimes people wonder what will happen if they drink ammonia. You should be aware that oral administration of the solution in its pure form can provoke severe burns of the alimentary canal.

Symptoms of ammonia poisoning

Human exposure to ammonia through inhalation of its vapors is manifested in the form of irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and the respiratory tract. In this case, the intensity of irritation depends on the concentration of the gas.

Signs of ammonia vapor poisoning:

• profuse lacrimation;
• salivation;
• rapid breathing;
• increased sweating;
• hyperemia of the face;
• a feeling of heaviness and tightness in the chest;
• chest pain;
• whooping cough;
• sneezing;
• runny nose;
• swelling of the larynx and spasm in the vocal cords;
• anxiety;
• suffocation;
• convulsions;
• loss of consciousness.

With prolonged exposure, ammonia vapors provoke severe muscle weakness, a person's blood circulation is disturbed, symptoms indicate respiratory distress, as well as soreness, severe burning and swelling of the skin.

Regularly repeated exposure to ammonia leads to systemic disorders that manifest eating disorders , deafness , catarrh of the upper respiratory tract , heart failure , death .

To protect against the harmful effects of ammonia, rinse your face and skin unprotected with water abundantly with water and cover your face with a respirator (gauze bandage or gas mask) as soon as possible. It is good if the respirator or bandage used is soaked in water with citric acid (2 teaspoons per glass of water).

You should be aware that liquid ammonia causes severe burns. For this reason, it is transported in yellow painted steel cylinders, special tankers, road and rail tanks.

What to do if ammonia is released?

Upon receiving information about an ammonia leak, protect the skin and respiratory organs and leave the emergency area in the direction indicated by the radio or television message.

From the zone of chemical damage, you need to go to the side perpendicular to the direction of the wind.

In case of fire, it is forbidden to approach the source of ignition. Refrigerate containers with ammonia with the maximum long distance... For extinguishing, use mechanical air foam or sprayed water.

If there is no way to get out, you should make an emergency sealing of the room. After getting out of the danger zone, they take off their outerwear (things are left outside), take a shower, rinse the nasopharynx and eyes with water.

In case of an accident, take refuge in the lower floors of the building.

First aid for poisoning

In case of poisoning, the victim should be taken out of the affected area. In cases where this is not possible, oxygen is provided.

The oral cavity, throat and nasal cavity are washed with water for 15 minutes, the eyes are instilled with a 0.5% solution and, if necessary, additionally cover with a bandage. For more effective rinsing, glutamic or citric acid can be added to the water.

Even with a slight degree of poisoning, the patient should be provided with absolute rest over the next 24 hours.

If the substance enters an open area of ​​the body, it is rinsed abundantly with water and covered with a bandage.

If ammonia has entered the alimentary canal, it is necessary to flush the stomach.

Poisoning of any degree requires going to a medical facility and - if the doctor deems it necessary - subsequent hospitalization.

After completing the course of treatment, the patient may retain certain neurological disorders, for example, loss of memory of individual events and facts, tics with various clinical manifestations, hearing loss and pain threshold. Clouding of the lens and cornea of ​​the eye is a common outcome.

Ammonia: ways of detoxification in the body

The main way of binding the substance is the biosynthesis of urea, which takes place in the ornithine cycle in the liver cells. As a result of this synthesis, urea - a substance that is not harmful to the body.

Also, ammonia is transported in the blood in the form glutamine , which is a non-toxic neutral compound and easily passes through cell membranes.

Another of its transport form is formed in the muscles alanine .

Interaction

Neutralizes the action of acids.

Terms of sale

Non-prescription drug.

Storage conditions

Stored under normal conditions.

Shelf life

24 months.

special instructions

What is Ammonia? Characteristics, physical and chemical properties of ammonia

Ammonia or hydrogen nitride (NH3) is a colorless gas (like hydrogen, ether, oxygen). The substance has a strong irritating odor and is released into the atmosphere with the formation of smoke. The name of the substance in Latin is Ammonium.

The molar mass is 17.0306 g / mol. MPC r.z. is 20 mg / m3. Taking this parameter into account, ammonia is classified as a low-hazard substance (IV hazard class).

NH3 is extremely soluble in water: at 0 ° C, about 1.2 thousand volumes of this substance are dissolved in one volume of water, and at a temperature of 20 ° C - about 700 volumes.

Has the properties of alkalis and bases.

Used as a refrigerant for refrigeration equipment. It is labeled R717, where R stands for “refrigerant”, “7” indicates the type of refrigerant (in the specific case, that ammonia is not an organic substance), the last 2 digits are the molecular weight of the substance used.

In liquid hydrogen nitride, the molecules form hydrogen bonds. The dielectric constant, conductivity, viscosity and density of liquid NH3 are lower than those of water (the substance is 7 times less viscous than water), the boiling point of the substance is tboil -33.35 ° C, it begins to melt at a temperature of -77.70 ° C

Like water, liquid NH3 is a strongly associated substance due to the formation of hydrogen bonds.

The substance practically does not transmit electric current and dissolves many organic and inorganic compounds.

In solid form, NH3 has the form of colorless crystals with a cubic lattice.

The decomposition of hydrogen nitride into nitrogen and hydrogen becomes noticeable at temperatures exceeding 1200-1300 ° C, in the presence of catalysts - at temperatures above 400 ° C.

In air, ammonia does not burn, under other conditions, namely in pure oxygen, it ignites and burns with a yellow-green flame. When a substance is burned in an excess of oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor are formed.

The combustion reaction of ammonia is described by the following equation: 4NH3 + 3O2 = 2N2 + 6H2O.

The catalytic oxidation of NH3 at a temperature of 750-800 ° C allows the production of nitric acid (the method is used for the industrial production of HNO3).

Process stages:

• catalytic oxidation with oxygen to NO;
• conversion of NO to NO2;
• absorption by water of a mixture of NO2 with O2 (dissolving nitrogen oxide in water and obtaining acid);
• purification of gases emitted into the atmosphere from nitrogen oxides.

The reaction of ammonia with water produces ammonia hydrate (ammonia water or caustic ammonia). The chemical formula of the hydrate is NH3 · H2O.

How is caustic ammonia obtained in the industry? In industry, the synthesis of ammonia solution with a concentration of 25% is carried out by the method of saturation of water with ammonia, which is formed as a result of coking coal in a coke oven, or synthetic ammonia gas.

What is ammonia water used for? Nitrogen fertilizers, soda, dyes are obtained from aqueous solutions of ammonia.

Ammonia: obtaining from nitric acid in the laboratory

To obtain NH3 from HNO3, place the tube in a rack in an almost horizontal position, but so that acid does not leak out of it.

A few drops of HNO3 are poured into the bottom of the test tube and a few pieces of zinc or iron filings are placed in it with tweezers. Reduced iron should be placed at the opening of the test tube (so that it does not come into contact with nitric acid).

The tube must be closed with a stopper with a by-pass tube and heated slightly. Heating will increase the rate of ammonia evolution.

What does ammonia react with?

Ammonia reacts with organic matter. The products of the reaction of ammonia with α-chlorine-substituted carboxylic acids are artificial amino acids.

As a result of the reaction, hydrogen chloride (gas HCl) is released, which, when combined with an excess of ammonia, forms (or ammonia NH4Cl).

A large number of complex compounds contain ammonia as a ligand.

Ammonium salts are colorless solids with a crystal lattice. Almost all of them are soluble in water, and they have the same properties as the metal salts we know.

The product of their interaction with alkalis is ammonia:

NH4Cl + KOH = KCl + NH3 + H2O

The reaction described by the formula, if an indicator paper is additionally used, is a qualitative reaction for ammonium salts. The latter interact with acids and other salts.

Some ammonium salts evaporate (sublimate) when heated, others decompose.

NH3 is a weak base; therefore, the salts formed in an aqueous solution undergo hydrolysis.

Weaker bases than ammonia are aromatic amines - derivatives of NH3, in which hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydrocarbon radicals.

Reactions of ammonia with acids

The addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid to the NH3 solution is accompanied by the formation of white smoke and the release of ammonium chloride NH4Cl (ammonia).

The reaction of sulfuric acid and ammonia produces white crystals of (NH4) 2SO4 - ammonium sulfate.

If nitric acid is added to NH3, white ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3 is formed.

When chloroacetic acid reacts with NH3, the chlorine atom is replaced by an amino group and, as a result, aminoacetic acid is formed.

If NH3 is passed through hydrobromic acid, ammonium bromide is formed (the reaction is described by the formula - HBr + NH3 = NH4Br).

Ammonia: heavier or lighter than air?

Compared to air, NH3 has almost half the density, so its vapors always rise upward. However, under certain conditions, an ammonia aerosol can form - a suspension of droplets of this substance in a gas. This aerosol is usually heavier than air and therefore more hazardous than NH3 gas.

Is hydrogen nitride a complex or simple substance?

Hydrogen nitride is formed by atoms of different elements, therefore it is a complex inorganic compound.

Molecular structure of ammonia

Ammonia is characterized by a crystal lattice of polar molecules, between which the so-called van der Waals forces ... There are 3 chemical bonds in the hydrogen nitride molecule, they are formed by a covalent polar mechanism.

The molecule looks like a trigonal pyramid, on top of which there is a nitrogen atom (the oxidation state of nitrogen in NH3 is “-3”).

Industrial method for producing ammonia

The production of ammonia in industry is an expensive and laborious process. Industrial synthesis is based on the production of NH3 from nitrogen and hydrogen under pressure, in the presence of a catalyst and at high temperatures.

Sponge iron activated with aluminum and potassium oxides is used as a catalyst in the production of NH3 in industry. Industrial plants in which the synthesis is carried out are based on gas circulation.

The reacted gas mixture, which contains NH3, is cooled, after which NH3 is condensed and separated, and the unreacted hydrogen with nitrogen with a new portion of gases is again fed to the catalyst.

There was also a presentation on the co-production of ammonia and methanol in industry.

The current GOSTs, in accordance with which hydrogen nitride is produced:

• technical liquid ammonia, anhydrous ammonia - GOST 6221-90;
• aqueous ammonia - GOST 3760-79;
• technical ammonia water - GOST 9-92.

It is possible to characterize the reaction of ammonia synthesis as follows: ammonia is formed as a product of a compound reaction proceeding in the gas phase - direct, catalytic, exothermic, reversible, redox.

Disposal of the substance

NH3 is disposed of by selective production of recyclable substances, and by a method that allows the use of waste waste as a raw material for the production of other materials.

What is ammonia? Chemical formula of ammonia

Ammonia is a 10% aqueous solution of ammonia. The formula of the substance is NH4OH. The name in Latin is Solutio Ammonii caustici seu Ammonium causticum solutum.

Ammonia has found application in everyday life as a stain remover, cleaner for coins, dishes, plumbing fixtures, furniture, silver and gold jewelry. In addition, it is used for dyeing fabrics, fighting aphids, onion lurker, onion flies, ants and cockroaches, washing windows, caring for rough skin of the feet.

The reaction of ammonia with allows you to get a very unstable adduct, which has the form of dry crystals, which is often used as a spectacular experiment.

Ammonia is ammonia?

Some people believe that ammonia and ammonia are the same thing. However, this opinion is erroneous. An ammonia solution is ammonia, or, in other words, an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide.

BUT ammonia Is an ammonium salt, a slightly hygroscopic crystalline powder of white color and odorless, which, when heated, evaporates hydrogen nitride (ammonia). Its formula is NH4Cl.

Wikipedia indicates that the substance is used as a fertilizer (as a top dressing it is introduced into alkaline and neutral soils under crops that are weakly responsive to excess chlorine - rice, corn, sugar beets), as a food additive E510, flux for soldering, electrolyte components in galvanic cells and quick fixation in photography, smoke generator.

In laboratory conditions, ammonia is used for lysis erythrocytes , use in medicine is advisable to enhance the action diuretics and removal of edema of cardiac origin.

Precautionary measures

Topical application is possible only on intact skin.

In case of accidental contact with the mucous membrane of the eye, the eyes are washed with plenty of water (at least 15 minutes) or boric acid solution (3%). Oils and ointments are contraindicated in this case.

In case of taking the Ammonia solution inside, you should drink fruit juices, water, warm milk with soda or mineral water, a solution of citric (0.5%) or acetic (1%) acid.

When the respiratory system is damaged, fresh air and warm water inhalations with the addition of citric acid or vinegar are shown, with suffocation - oxygen.

What do the smell of ammonia in urine and ammonia smell of sweat say? .

You should know that about a serious the smell of ammonia from the mouth is also evidence.

In women, odorless discharge is possible during menopause and pregnancy (if the pregnant woman drinks little liquid and / or takes various medications and supplements).

If sweat smells like ammonia, the cause may be , , urinary incontinence, liver problems, the presence of bacteria that can provoke peptic ulcer disease. Another possible cause of body odor is following a protein diet.

Everyone knows how ammonia smells, so when a characteristic smell appears (especially if urine smells in a child) or an ammonia taste in the mouth, you should consult a doctor who will accurately determine the cause of this phenomenon and take the necessary measures.

An equally alarming symptom is the smell of ammonia in the nose, which can be caused by some diseases of the nasopharynx, pathologies of other organs, foreign body ingress into the nasal passage, head injuries (the smell can refer to olfactory hallucinations), and oncological diseases.

Why does fish smell like ammonia?

Sometimes it happens that the fish smells like ammonia. The smell can be in 2 cases:

• if the fish was not properly stored, and foci of a certain type of mold appeared on it;
• if the fish lived in a polluted body of water.

Analogs

For children

In pediatrics, it is used from the age of 3.

During pregnancy

During pregnancy and lactation, use is allowed only in situations where the benefits to the woman's body outweigh the potential risk to the child.

In most cases, pregnant women try not to use any form of ammonia. Paint for pregnant women should also not contain this substance. The following ammonia-free hair dyes can be included in the list of the most suitable products for pregnant women:

• Igora Schwarzkopf (Schwarzkopf Igora Vibrance);
• paints from the Garnier Color & Shine palette;
• Estelle paint, the palette of which has 140 shades;
• paint without ammonia from the Matrix Color Sync palette;
• paint Cutrin.

A lot good reviews and about L'Oreal Professionnel LUO COLOR paint without ammonia. However, there are women who continue to use ammonia hair dye during pregnancy.

GOST 3760-79

Appearance:

colorless liquid (sometimes with a yellowish tinge) with a characteristic pungent odor

Hazard Class:

Package:

canister 9 kg

Conditions of carriage:

by closed transport

Storage conditions:

in unheated well-ventilated warehouses

Warranty period of storage:

12 months

Application:

Ammonia aqueous analytical grade (25-27%)

Ammonia water analytical grade 25%
GOST 3760-79

Specification:

Application:

The main field of application of aqueous ammonia is Agriculture... It is used as the main fertilizer for all agricultural crops. When ammonia water is introduced into the soil, ammonia is adsorbed by soil colloids, so its movement is insignificant. Subsequently, ammonia nitrogen is nitrified, acquires a high degree of mobility and migrates with the soil solution. Aqueous ammonia increases the number of soil microorganisms. Aqueous ammonia is recommended for use on all types of soils.
Water ammonia of analytical grade is used in drip irrigation.

Also, aqueous ammonia is used in chemical industry for the production of nitric acid, polymers, it is a part of detergents, in the production of dyes and, in the electrolytic production of Mn, ferroalloys. How . In refrigeration technology, this substance is used as a refrigerant, and in the production of feed - for their ammonization.

Aqueous ammonia is also used in medicine. Ammonia is a 10% aqueous ammonia solution.

Ammonia is the most abundant nitrogen compound. It has the formula NH3. It is a colorless gas with a pungent, pungent odor and a high degree of toxicity. Therefore, when working with it, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment. It is rarely used in its pure form. Most often, an aqueous solution is used - ammonia water, which significantly reduces the aggressive properties.

Ammonia water is a solution of synthetic or coke-chemical ammonia in water. It has the appearance of a transparent liquid, sometimes of a yellowish tint. Has a pungent odor.

Ammonia water contains up to 30% ammonia, that is, 24.6% nitrogen and 70% water. At temperatures below + 21.10 ° C, it does not increase the pressure, and when the temperature rises, it only slightly increases it. One liter of ammonia water weighs 888 g and contains 220 g of nitrogen.

Ammonia can escape from the ammonia water.

Aqueous ammonia is corrosive to non-ferrous metals and their alloys, but ferrous metals and cast iron are resistant to the effects of aqueous ammonia.
Rubber is also unaffected by aqueous ammonia.

Ammonia water is used:

The use in various industries is extremely wide. Let's describe the most massive spheres of consumption

It is used in the military and mining industries for the production of various and initiating substances.

It is used to create powerful dyes used for dyeing fabrics and wood.

It is part of the composition of a large number of electrolytes.

It is an element of reactions in the production of metallic manganese and multicomponent ferroalloys.

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