What is called public opinion rather deserves. Wisdom with a smile and laughter to tears. Dahl's Dictionary

). “The main feature of the difference between classes is their place in social production, and hence their relation to the means of production. " Lenin . Social formations. Public relations.

Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary... D.N. Ushakov. 1935-1940.

Synonyms:

Antonyms:

See what "PUBLIC" is in other dictionaries:

Cm … Synonym dictionary

PUBLIC, oh, oh. 1. see society. 2. Relating to work, activities for the voluntary service of the political, cultural, professional needs of the collective. Public organizations... Social work. O prosecutor, defender ... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

App., Up. often 1. Public is what is associated with human society, its organization, structure, functioning, etc. Social system. | Social crisis. | The laws of social development. | Prison as a public ... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

public- ▲ associated (with) society public related to society. general. general. public. ↓ SOCIAL STATUS, PUBLIC OPINION organization (community), enterprise Catering public transport … Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

public- I. PUBLIC PUBLIC, collective, general, dec. artel II. society … Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms for Russian speech

Adj. 1.rel. with noun society 1. associated with it 2. Generated, created by society [society 1.], carried out in it. Ott. Associated with the voluntary service of political, professional, cultural, etc. the needs of society or what ... ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

Public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, public, ... ... Forms of words

Personal individual personal private ... Dictionary of antonyms

public- public ... Russian spelling dictionary

public - … Spelling dictionary of the Russian language

Books

Social accounting of labor and the price under socialism, I. S. Malyshev. V this work investigated economic foundations prices in a socialist economy, it shows how a socialist society carries out social accounting of labor expended ...
Public control. Information and legal problems of theory and practice, O. A. Okolesnova. Public control is an institution that constitutes important element democratic model of society. For the stable and balanced functioning of the apparatus of state power, ...

Any newly born baby instantly becomes a member of society with the appropriate rights and rules. But what is this society, which we all enter? This concept is quite broad and includes many aspects. Society is a kind of system in which people interact and communicate, and are also divided into different groups depending on the attribute that unites them.

In contact with

The origins of

The first community arose back in primitive times, when people united to survive together. Thus, entire clans were created. with their own hierarchy, who were engaged in a common cause and were often at war with other communities. To develop safely, it was necessary to fight for food and territory, and then divide them. In addition, religious differences or racial prejudices may have been the cause of conflict.

It was from this distant primitive community that modern society, so much different from it, at first glance, came about.

Definition in dictionaries

Society is such a broad concept that this word can be used to refer to completely different groups of people. So, they can be called children who are engaged in a macrame circle, and at the same time, the entire population of the entire planet is also united under this broad concept. The thing is that all members of society are united by their interaction. So, people who are completely different in worldview, skin color, character are forced to support social relations and get along peacefully with each other.

And it's not for nothing that "society" is co-root with the word "communicate"... It could not have formed without this simple action. If people were deprived of the need to talk to each other, everyone could live alone, but this is completely ineffective. Every person in society has a role to play. A striking example of this is the difference in professions.

Another example is an organization, firm or company, since people working in any production are united by a common goal - to produce quality products. That is why each institution is assigned a form name. economic activity, which characterize property from a legal point of view and indicate the nature of the relationship between people working there.

The most famous and complete dictionary was created by V.I.Dahl. In addition, there is a special dictionary dedicated to the interpretation of social science terms, the author of which is N.Ye. Yatsenko. So, what interpretation of society do these authors give?

Dictionary N. E. Yatsenko

Dahl's Dictionary

Oddly enough, but in this popular explanatory dictionary there is no definition of society as such. His lexicographer interpreted the verb "to communicate" - that is, to connect, unite something or someone, as well as to communicate and interact himself. In this case, you can watch with another person on the same thing with different points vision and yet unite into one whole union.

The structure of society

Society cannot exist without society and social interactions... It can be imagined as a single organism, for the normal functioning of which coordinated work of all members is necessary. ... And that means, it can be divided into separate systems and structures, including the following categories:

institutions;
segments of society;
community;
social groups.

All of these categories are subject to external factors... In every society, it is quite natural for the emergence of an individual who will develop and change the views of a group of people. This can lead to both minor deviations from the original foundations, and to a change in the history of entire nations.

They play a very important role in the development of any association, since they establish connections and interactions not only within one group, but also between several communities.

Characteristic signs

Society has characteristics and characteristics that distinguish it from other organizations of groups of people. These characteristics include fundamental features that will be described below.

Relationships and connections

so , society in the simplest sense is the interaction of its members with each other, leading to the emergence social structure... This interaction is carried out both between individuals and between groups, cells and similar elements of society.

At birth, a person enters the society of people, as well as the group of his family. Then he begins to enter the society of his peers in kindergarten and school. Over time, the number of such groups increases. A person enters society on the basis of interest in a common cause, profession, favorite work. Moreover, these groups do not always meet the needs. individual, so that the association of people in which we find ourselves is not always suitable for us and satisfies our needs. So, it is due to the imperfection of separation general flow people into smaller groups.

Nevertheless, a person communicates in his group according to certain rules. They can be either open or non-vowel. However, this does not mean that a person cannot influence or change them. In a group, you can take a lower than you would like, or a higher position in comparison with the rest. This leads to a certain inequality of group members.

It is not possible to achieve the same position for all members of the group. It is only before the law that everyone should be equal, and, for example, in an interest group, someone will still occupy a leading position due to greater talent or a more solid character. Such positions can be identified in any society - family, political party, work collective.

Types of society depending on science

There is a special science - social science, aimed at studying the concept considered here. But besides him, there are other sciences (psychology, philosophy, and the like) that actively use the term society. Wikipedia considers meaning these definitions also apply to the interdisciplinary and subdisciplines of anthropology.

Social Studies

No matter how broad the concept considered here is, several historical types can be distinguished in it as a classification. They will be discussed further:

Social anthropology

Social society is the main form of human existence, which includes self-regulation mechanisms. Most often in sociology, it is divided into types based on the level of their development. Sociologist D. Lenski compiled the following classification:

a hunting and gathering group - a community in which responsibilities were first shared;
an agrarian simple society is a group of people that does not have a separate leader to govern it;
agrarian complex - a group of people in the political structure of which there are people involved in management activities;
industrial - a society engaged in production activities;
special, which cannot be attributed to any of the above types.

Also in sociology they use the term virtual society, it functions on the Internet, which is typical for the modern age of technology.

Since society also call the totality of all people on the planet, it is important to understand how they represent its development. It is assumed that the first tribes, rallying for the sake of survival, chose the territory in which they led a settled life. As they evolved, they turned into villages, and then cities. Whole states grew out of the latter. Subsequently, people developed laws and certain norms of behavior that a group of individuals had to follow. People could have earned a certain status and improve your position in the team.

Political anthropology

This subdiscipline is classified there is a society in terms of political structure into the following types:

tribe;
chiefdom;
state.

Moreover, the strength of these types will primarily depend on the environment of other groups of people who may be friendly or hostile. Usually, a more isolated society is immune to encroachment and lives more peaceful.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that that society is a living organism where each member plays an important role and influences the development of other individuals and the life of the organization as a whole.

What is PUBLIC OPINION? How the given word is spelled correctly. Concept and interpretation.

PUBLIC OPINION PUBLIC OPINION Public opinion: what people think about what people think. Public opinion is like a ghost in an old castle: no one has seen it, but everyone is frightened by it. Sigmund Graff Public opinion is the opinion of those whose opinion is not usually asked. Krzysztof Theodor Teplitz What is called public opinion rather deserves the name of public sentiment. Benjamin Disraeli Public opinion is the last refuge of politicians who do not have their own. Maurice Carter Everyone talks about public opinion and acts on behalf of public opinion, that is, on behalf of everyone's opinion minus his own. Gilbert Chesterton Don't be guided by public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but wandering lights. André Maurois The public buys their opinions the same way they buy meat and milk, because it’s cheaper than keeping your own cow. Only here milk consists mainly of water. Samuel Butler Journalists inform the public about public opinion. Modified Leszek Kumor I wonder what influence public opinion has on the formation of public opinion? Wiesław Brudziński Public opinion is formed not by the wisest, but by the most talkative. Vladislav Beganskiy Public opinion research is based on the false premise that the public has an opinion. Toto The voice of the people is the voice of God. Alcuin If a thousand people say the same thing, then it is either the voice of God, or grandiose stupidity. Karol Izhikovsky (see JOURNALISM) (Source: “ The big Book aphorisms. " Dushenko K.V. 5th revised. - M .: Publishing house EKSMO-Press, 2001.)

PUBLIC OPINION- one of the forces acting on the government, as well as on individuals, not being, at the same time, a Vlas ... Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

PUBLIC OPINION- a state of mass consciousness, which contains the attitude (latent or explicit) of people to events ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

PUBLIC OPINION- PUBLIC OPINION, a state of mass consciousness that contains an attitude (latent or explicit) ... Modern encyclopedia

PUBLIC OPINION- PUBLIC OPINION - a state of mass consciousness that contains an attitude (hidden or explicit) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PUBLIC OPINION- PUBLIC OPINION - a way of existence of mass consciousness, in which an attitude is manifested (skr ... Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary

PUBLIC OPINION- PUBLIC OPINION - in the most general sense - this is the approval or disapproval of publicly observable ...

There is nothing more changeable, more uncertain than public opinion, and no matter how capricious it may be, it is nevertheless true, reasonable, just much more often than it is believed.
Napoleon I

Public Opinion, this mysterious independent variable of political calculations ...
Thomas Huxley (1825-1895), British biologist

A true tyrant always begins by enslaving public opinion.
Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794), Italian lawyer

The pressure of public opinion is like the pressure of the atmosphere: you cannot see it, but sixteen pounds are pressed on every square inch.
James Russell Lowell (1819-1891), American writer

In alliance with public opinion, everything can be done, nothing without it.

Public opinion is an attempt to organize the ignorance of society and elevate it to the rank of physical strength.
(1854-1900), English writer

Public opinion is (...) a bad interpreter.
Seneca (4 BC - 65 AD), Roman statesman, philosopher-stoic

The English will never be slaves; they are free to do whatever the government and public opinion allow them to do.
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), English playwright

The government cannot run ahead of public opinion.
David Lloyd George (1863-1945), British Prime Minister

Democracy is too important a thing to be trusted by public opinion.
Walter Lippmann (1889-1974), American journalist

Americans are committed to being overly prone to guessing what the average layman thinks about the average layman's opinion.
John Keynes (1883-1946), British economist

We should not listen to those who say, “The voice of the people is the voice of God,” because the fickleness of the crowd always borders on insanity.
Alcuin (735? -804), Anglo-Saxon theologian, acted at the court of Charlemagne

The voice of the people of Christ crucified.
V. Dahl. "Proverbs of the Russian people"

Public opinion: what people think about what people think.

Public opinion is like a ghost in an old castle: no one has seen it, but everyone is frightened by it.
Sigmund Graff

Public opinion is the opinion of those whose opinion is not usually asked.
Krzysztof Theodor Teplitz

What is called public opinion rather deserves the name of public sentiment.
Benjamin Disraeli

Public opinion is the last refuge of politicians who do not have their own.
Maurice Carter

Everyone talks about public opinion and acts on behalf of public opinion, that is, on behalf of everyone's opinion minus his own.
Gilbert Chesterton

You shouldn't be guided by public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but wandering lights.
André Maurois

The public buys their opinions the same way they buy meat and milk, because it’s cheaper than keeping your own cow. Only here milk consists mainly of water.
Samuel Butler

Journalists inform the public about public opinion.
Modified Leszek Kumor

I wonder what influence public opinion has on the formation of public opinion?
Wieslaw Brudziński

Public opinion is not formed by the wisest, but by the most talkative.
Vladislav Begansky

Toto

The voice of the people is the voice of God.
Alcuin

If a thousand people say the same thing, then it is either the voice of God, or a tremendous stupidity.
Karol Izhikovsky

Public opinion is the deity of democracy, and the journalist is its prophet.

The weakness of public opinion lies in the fact that it is usually expressed in a purely private way.

In ours, people learn about that. what they think on TV.
Victor Pelevin

Would Moses have gone far if he had been conducting public opinion polls in Egypt?
Harry Truman

A public opinion poll showed: everyone lies!

Public opinion is a terrible coward: it is afraid of itself.
W. Gazlitt

Public opinion is a boy-girl who will not allow anyone to rape her.
P. Buast

Public opinion is such a court of law that it is not fitting for a decent person to either blindly believe his sentences, or to reject them irrevocably.
I. Shamfort

Public opinion spares the hawk and punishes the chicken.
Juvenal

There are times when there is no opinion more harmful than public opinion.
I. Shamfort

Opinion research is based on the false premise that the public has an opinion.
Toto

Sociologists inform the public about their opinion.
author unknown

Choose one of the statements below and write a mini-essay based on it.

Formulate at your discretion one or several main ideas of the topic touched upon by the author and reveal it (them) based on social science knowledge.

To reveal the main idea (s) formulated by you, provide reasoning and conclusions using social science knowledge (relevant concepts, theoretical provisions).

To illustrate the main idea (s), theoretical provisions, reasoning and conclusions formulated by you, give at least two social facts / examples from various sources (public life (including according to media reports), personal social experience (including including read books, watched movies), from various academic subjects.

Each cited fact / example must be formulated in detail and confirm the indicated basic idea, theoretical position, reasoning or conclusion / be clearly associated with them. By their content, examples should not be of the same type (they should not duplicate each other).

29.1 Philosophy:“Freedom is the right to inequality” (N. A. Berdyaev).

29.2 Economics:“Inflation is the only form of punishment without legal basis"(M. Friedman).

29.3 Sociology, social psychology:“What is called public opinion rather deserves the name of public feelings” (B. Disraeli).

29.4 Political Science:“You don't need a revolution to come to democracy. Democracy is needed for a revolution to take place ”(G. Chesterton).

29.5 Jurisprudence:“I see the imminent death of that state where the law has no force and is under someone’s authority” (Plato).

Explanation.

1. The task is alternative, that is, you must select one thing saying out of five, write a quote and its number before you start writing your mini-essay. What you should pay attention to:

1.1. Section of social studies, in the context of which the statement is given. It is on him that the sphere in which the argumentation is given, the social science concepts used, etc., depend.

1.2. The meaning of the statement must be fully understandable to the student. If it is revealed incorrectly, the mini-essay is not read for K1 (the first criterion) 0 points are given and the mini-essay itself is not evaluated.

2. The structure of the mini-essay:

2.1. It is necessary to explain the meaning of the statement. In this part, it is necessary to highlight the key idea or ideas of the statement. (K1, max. 1 point) Not allowed: substitution of the meaning of the statement by reasoning of a general nature ("homework") that does not reflect the specifics of the proposed statement; direct retelling, paraphrasing a given statement or a consistent explanation of each word in a statement without explaining the meaning of the statement as a whole.

2.2. Needed on theoretical level reveal every aspect of the main idea or ideas of the author's statement. Required elements:

2.2.1. The use of key messages for the main idea or ideas of social science concepts, their explanation, as well as theoretical provisions that reveal the idea or ideas of the statement. Important so that they correspond to the section of social science in which the statement is given. (K2, max. 2 points).

2.2.2. In the context of at least one highlighted idea based on the correct explanation (s) of the key concept (s), theoretical provisions are given interconnected consistent and consistent reasoning, on the basis of which a reasonable and reliable c from the point of view of scientific social science conclusion (K3, max. 1 point).

2.3. It is necessary to bring at least two examples from different fields that will support the theoretical reasoning. (K4, max 2 points) Required elements:

2.3.1. Use examples from various sources... As sources can be used facts of public life (including according to media reports), personal social experience (including reading books, watched movies), materials of educational subjects (history, geography, etc.). Examples from different academic subjects are considered as examples from various sources.

2.3.2. Each example should in practice reflect the theoretical assumptions of the arguments.

3. When writing a mini-essay, it is important to remember:

3.1. In the structure, it is necessary to avoid internal contradictions.

3.2. Each part should organically fit into the structure of the mini-essay (the argumentation corresponds to the aspects of the problem indicated in the explanation of the statement, and actual examples illustrate theoretical arguments).

3.3. Common language should be avoided.

3.4. It is necessary to avoid gross grammatical errors, especially in social science and other subject terminology.

3.5. The presence of erroneous, from the point of view of scientific social science, as well as semantic and factual errors leads to a decrease in scores for K2 and / or K4, depending on the nature of the error.