The computer model of the project makes it possible to calculate many project indicators, the calculation of which, in the absence of a computer approach, is extremely laborious, especially with a constant change in the initial data. One of the indicators that allows you to assess the correctness of planning work on the project, as well as to analyze both the current state and prospects -.

At the planning stage with Labor movement graphics we are able to assess the changes in the total load of our human resources during the entire project. This information allows customers to assess the intensity of work at the facility by subcontractors, and direct performers to assess their own resource load. Such an assessment can be quite important, for example, for objects in the case of a mobile nature of work. At the planning stage, it becomes possible to assess the amount of human resources at the facility in time for the subsequent determination and optimization of associated costs: installation of temporary townships, economic needs, life support, mobility, etc.

When working with the model, the obtained one allows us to estimate the total peak loads on human resources within the project, as well as to get an idea of ​​the reasons for the increase in the terms of work during the resource leveling of the model. During the execution of the project, we get the opportunity to track changes in the resource load in the future and make corrective management decisions.

Plotting a graph

The program does not have a special explicit option "Building a timetable for the movement of labor", since in different projects the range of applied human Resources may be different. Selection criteria Resources included in the pool displayed on a similar graph are numerous. These criteria may not be repeated from project to project, and in one model there may be human Resources several independent organizations. Only the planner, when building a model, can specify - for which exactly Resources this graph will be built and, if necessary, several similar graphs will be built simultaneously for different groups Resources within the framework of one project.

In the presented example, on different Operations busy with various human Resources... These are assemblers, welders, bricklayers, painters and handymen. Let's say these are specialists from one firm and we are initially interested in all specialties at the same time.

Everything Resources shown in the table Resources with available quantity per field Quantity.

On Operations Resources assigned in various combinations. Operations in the project under consideration, they are connected in accordance with the technology of the work. Operations have DPG Type Duration to simplify the example.
With the help of a standard diagram builder, we can display Diagram employment Resources.

Not entirely clear visual graph - lines Resources overlap each other in places, and the total number of employees Resources at each moment of time is not visible - for each we get only its values. To obtain the necessary indicators, it is necessary to add.
In a large project with hundreds of human species Resources the output of such a "roll-by-name" graph will result in a completely unreadable chart.

In order to create, you need to collect all the necessary Resources together. To do this, use the tool Resource Center.
Let's create a new Resource Center and so we will call it.

In the bookmark Data besides Names and Code our Center(which is mandatory) you must select which calculation mode will be used using the checkbox.
Enable / Disable Option Count Quantity [Plan] as a simple amount specifies how much Resources from the composition Center assigned to Operations, will be displayed in the column Work Gantt Charts Resource Center [Qty] on lines with Operations and Phases... If this option is enabled, then the quantity Resources is calculated as the sum of the maximum amount of each of the assigned Center Resources(taking into account their load) for each Operations for the entire period of time.

In other words, in one case (the option is enabled) the program adds up the physical number of people who worked Resources, even if they did not work at the same time: 2 per day shift, 2 per night shift - total The operation performed 4. Otherwise (the option is disabled) the program takes into account the peak value: 2 per day shift, 3 per night shift - total The operation performed 3. In different situations, a certain calculation method is necessary.
We will calculate the usual amount, i.e. enable the option.
After creation Center let's go to the bookmark Composition and collect in this Center we need Resources... Let's add all our human Resources in our Centre.

After that, using the build tool Diagrams, we build a graph according to our Center Labor Force Schedule specifying the type of indicator Quantity and disabling the checkbox Cumulative total.

In the bookmark Data select the frequency with which we want to see the resulting information, for example, Days.

If the model contains many human Resources different companies, the program allows you to withdraw any number of Labor force charts collecting the necessary Resources to the respective Resource centers.

Construction of the labor force movement schedule

When building a network schedule, it is necessary to provide for an even use of labor. To do this, under the network schedule, we draw a graph of changes in the number of workers (schedule of labor force movement) for each day by summing up the number of workers employed in all jobs in the first shift in the vertical direction at different intervals of time. According to the schedule of the movement of labor, it is judged about the optimality of drawing up a calendar plan for the production of work.

To assess the correctness of the use of labor at the facility, after the construction of the labor force movement schedule, we use the coefficient of unevenness of the movement of workers TO ndr during the entire period of construction and installation works, determined by the formula:

where, - respectively, the main and average number of workers at the facility per day for the entire construction period. We find the main number of workers directly on the labor force movement graph, and it corresponds to the maximum value. The average number of workers employed at the facility per day is determined by the formula:

where k nr- coefficient taking into account absenteeism of workers for good reasons (illness, vacation, etc.); accept k = 1.1;

The complexity of the work lying on the critical path of the network schedule,

The total duration of the construction of the facility, corresponding to the duration of the critical path of the network schedule,

Coefficient of uneven movement of workers TO ndr should not exceed 1,5 ... But in this case, due to mistakes made in advance in the planning and management of construction production.

Scheduling the movement of labor is required not only to adjust the network schedule for the construction of the facility, but also to calculate the required areas of temporary buildings and structures at the construction site.

Construction of a timetable for the movement of construction machines and mechanisms

The schedule of movement of construction machines and mechanisms is compiled on the basis of the data in table. 5.1 (columns 12 and 13) and the network schedule for the production of construction and installation works on the object (columns 7 and 8). We draw it under the schedule of movement of the labor force with reference to the network schedule. On the graph, we show the movement of each machine at the facility in the form of a line diagram, at the beginning of which we indicate the start date of the operation of this machine at the facility, and at the end - the end date. The change in the work of construction machines and mechanisms at the facility in the graph of their movement is reflected by the number of parallel lines.

Workforce schedules are built on the basis of the data of the previously developed network schedule for the construction of the facility. Examples of the plotted graphs are shown in Figures 2.8, 2.9.

First of all, a graph of the needs of the estimated (attendance) number of workers per day is built. The estimated number is the number of workers that must go to work on each of the shifts to complete this work in the specified amount of time.

Then a schedule is built for the movement of the estimated number of workers for each shift. The construction of the corresponding schedules for the movement of labor resources is carried out by adding the number of workers employed in the performance of work during the day or the corresponding shifts on each of the working days.

Considering that workers can get sick, commit absenteeism, perform any duties with the permission of the administration, go on vacation, etc., in addition, a schedule should be drawn up for the list of requirements for labor resources. The payroll is the number of workers that should be hired so that, taking into account the reasons for absenteeism listed above, there is an estimated number of workers each day. Proceeding from the fact that absenteeism for various reasons can amount to 10-20%, accordingly, the number of workers on the list per day should be greater by this amount. The purpose of the graphs is as follows:

Recruitment is carried out according to the payroll schedule.

The areas of temporary buildings and structures are determined for the maximum estimated number.

According to the corresponding schedules, it is possible to assess the degree of sufficiency of labor resources and to take measures in advance to eliminate a possible shortage of workers (schedule optimization).

To build such graphs on the schedule, under each work, its parameters should be shown as follows (for example):

Job title

where 20 is the duration of work in days,

• 2 - the number of work shifts,
• 9 - the estimated number of workers in the 1st shift,

An example of constructing schedules for the movement of labor, taking into account different numbers of shifts, is shown in Fig. 2.9.

The schedule of movement of the estimated number of workers per day is recommended to be estimated by the coefficient of unevenness:

where is the maximum estimated number of workers per day,

Average number of workers per day.

where is the total labor intensity of construction work in man-days,

The length of the critical path in days.

The physical meaning of the value of the coefficient of unevenness is as follows.

The closer the value of the coefficient is to one, the longer the period of time at the construction site will be the maximum number of workers performing the intended work. This, in turn, will indicate that the temporary structures will be maximally used for their intended purpose during this time.

The higher the value of the coefficient, the shorter the site with the maximum number of workers on the workers' movement graph. And this, in turn, will lead to the fact that household premises designed for such a maximum number will not be used for their intended purpose by 100%.

The permissible value of the coefficient of uneven movement of labor is 1.75.

For the organization of construction, in addition to the total payroll number of workers, it is necessary to know the required number for the relevant specialties and qualifications. The project, as an example, provides data on occupations only for the period of maximum number (see Fig. 2.4, 2.5, 2.6).

Goals:

1. It is developed in order to obtain the initial data for calculating the elements of the construction plan (temporary buildings and water supply are calculated based on the maximum number of workers per day or per shift);

2. Calculated to assess the quality of the schedule.

The schedule of movement of workers (GDR) is built on the same time scale as the calendar plan (KP).

Fig. 41. Worker movement schedule

The schedule of movement of workers is built for work performed in one shift or per day.

Coefficient of uneven movement of workers:

where N max is the maximum number of workers;

N Wed is the average number of workers.

If different jobs are performed in a different number of shifts per day, it is necessary to calculate two N Wed:

and

On the graph of workers' movement, "peaks" are undesirable, because:

1) they testify to the irrational use of temporary household premises;

2) they testify to the irrational use of work fronts.

From a theoretical point of view, there are several types of work schedules:

Fig. 42. Example 1

"+": A gradual increase in workers at the facility contributes to a better organization of work, the provision of materials, equipment at the construction site.

"-": buildings and structures are used irrationally.

Fig. 43. Example 2

"+": Temporary buildings are not idle.

"-": it is difficult to ensure the workload of all workers at the same time.

Fig. 44. Example 3

You need to strive for this type of schedule, because it is optimal. However, go is difficult to implement.

Optimization of the gearbox in order to reduce the coefficient of unevenness Кn on the GDR can be carried out at the expense of:

1) changes in the intensity of work, i.e. an increase or decrease in the number of workers in the brigade;

2) due to a deliberate shift in the timing of the beginning of certain types of work;

3) correction is possible due to unaccounted and other works.

Fig. 45. Adjustment of the GDRs due to unaccounted and other works

DESIGN OF BUILDING GENERAL PLANS (SGP)

Types of SGP:

1. As part of the POS, it is being developed general site SCT on a scale of 1: 500.

2. If the elements of the construction economy are located outside the construction site, a situational plan (1: 5000, 1: 2000);

3. As part of the PPR is being developed object construction plan (1: 200), as a rule, for the preparatory and main periods.

In the general case, SCS is a plan for the safe organization of a construction site, which shows existing buildings, structures, communications, roads (existing, designed, constructed, temporary), storage facilities, electrical facilities and other elements of the construction site.

Principles for the development of SCS:

1) SGP solutions must meet the requirements of construction and installation works and provide for the household needs of builders;

2) CST decisions must be rational.

a) maximum use of inventory buildings, structures, devices;

b) the length of temporary roads and communications should be minimal;

c) provide for the possibility of using an auxiliary building and structure for the needs of construction;

d) use temporary roads along the route of permanent ones, etc .;

3) The solutions of the SGP must meet the requirements of the standards (safety, industrial sanitation).

The labor force movement schedule is drawn up on the basis of the construction schedule according to the calculated duration of work and the number of workers performing this work. Typically, the schedule is shown directly under the construction schedule and clearly shows the movement of workers depending on the work performed.

The construction of a timetable for the movement of labor is necessary to take into account the employment of workers at a facility under construction in order to optimize the construction process, i.e. Increase in labor productivity.

1. Material delivery schedule.

According to the schedule (schedule of material consumption), a schedule for the delivery of materials is drawn up, taking into account the stock that must be kept in the warehouse for smooth operation. Stocks of materials in the object warehouse should be minimal, but sufficient to organize high-performance work. They are determined depending on the distance of transportation, the means of transport used and the size of the territory of the construction site.

Schedules of consumption and delivery of materials can be built reflecting the order of daily delivery, consumption and balance of materials in the warehouse. Such graphs are called differentiated.

To account for consumption and delivery on a cumulative basis from the start of construction, you can build a summary (integral) schedule, which allows you to graphically select the required number of vehicles for transportation in order to create a planned permanent stock in the warehouse.

The material delivery schedule contains the names of all materials required for the construction of a building (structure) or installation of a system.

1. Development of a construction plan for the period of pro-production of work

   1. Construction planning methodology

Stroygenplan is a general site plan, which shows the arrangement of the main assembly and lifting mechanisms, temporary buildings, structures and installations erected and used during the construction period. Stroygenplan is intended to determine the composition and location of construction facilities in order to maximize their efficiency and with regard to compliance with labor protection requirements. Stroygenplan is the most important part of the technical documentation and the main document governing the organization of the site and the volume of temporary construction.

Scheduled plans in construction include all planning documents in which, based on the volume of construction and installation work and the adopted organizational and technological solutions, the sequence and timing of construction are determined. The calendar plan is the main document in the composition of the PIC and PPR.

Construction planning methodology

The contours of buildings subject to demolition and construction are found.

Permanent engineering networks to be built are applied.

The paths of movement of assembly mechanisms are established and mechanized installations are located.

Warehouse locations are being designed.

The locations of production enterprises are being established.

The location of electrical installations is being designed.

Temporary administrative and household structures, temporary roads and networks are being placed.

Temporary buildings are designed taking into account the construction area, the order of development of the construction site, the schedule of workers' movement.

The number and nomenclature of temporary buildings is determined depending on the volume and nature of construction and installation works, territorial location, and local conditions.