How to make a construction work schedule. Calendar charts in Excel (Gantt chart). Program for compiling

One of the obligatory documents in some cases for conducting a certain type of activity is the schedule of production work. This document has some peculiarities.

Its compilation is associated with a list of certain nuances. Situations when the presence of this document is strictly required are reflected in the current legislation.

The situation is similar with the process of forming this type of document. It must be drafted in accordance with certain rules.

Basic aspects

A sample work schedule in Excel can be easily found on the Internet. But even when drawing it up on a model, it requires knowledge of certain legislative norms, other points.

A document of this type simultaneously solves several tasks. That is why its preparation should be taken as responsibly as possible.

Especially if the construction of large and dangerous facilities is being carried out. A document of this type may be required when conducting an audit of a construction contractor.

Therefore, one should not neglect the fulfillment of the basic requirements for the preparation of this document.

The linear work schedule is drawn up on the basis of the theory and practice of technological processes reflected in it. The document is formed in accordance with the calendar of events.

The basic aspects that must be considered, first of all, will need to include the following main points:

• what it is?
• purpose of the document;
• normative base.

What it is

The term "work schedule" means a special document that reflects a certain type of data:

For the formation of this document, it will be necessary to obtain certain reliable information without fail.

Depending on the type of work performed, it can vary significantly. For example:

• drawings of a building under construction;
• organization project;
• information about the time of receipt and the amount of building materials;
• technical characteristics of construction equipment;
• details about;
• a list of available and required tools;
• other.

When drawing up a schedule, it will be imperative to familiarize yourself with a complete list of all the necessary data in advance.

Since if there is a discrepancy to the schedule, serious problems may arise. Up to the payment of the penalty by the organization carrying out construction work.

Usually, this moment is determined by an agreement drawn up in advance between the employee and the employer.

Purpose of the document

The schedule for the construction of a residential building or other object is always drawn up with a specific purpose.

The document of the type under consideration simultaneously allows solving the following tasks:

Also, this document allows you to analyze the performance of a certain type of work. Based on the drawn up schedule, it is possible to optimize the construction of objects.

Since the document allows you to see all possible weak points of the calculations. First of all, this schedule is needed precisely by the customer of certain construction projects.

Since, in accordance with the schedule, it becomes possible to prosecute an unscrupulous contractor.

Normative base

Today, when compiling the type of document under consideration, it is necessary first of all to focus on.

This abbreviation stands for "Methodological recommendations for the development and execution of a construction organization project and a production work project."

Despite the word “recommendations” appearing in the title, it is imperative to observe all the norms indicated in the document type in question.

This is especially important in cooperation with various government agencies. For example, in order to carry out all kinds of contracts for the Ministry of Defense, it is strictly necessary to fulfill all the requirements set by the IBC.

Bilateral signing of the work schedule is almost always required. The considered methodological recommendations include the following main sections:

• areas of application of MDS;
• regulations;
• terms and definitions used;
• general provisions;
• what the construction organization project includes;
• the content of the project for the production of works.

The section "normative documents" includes all the NAPs, the effect of which must be taken into account when drawing up the type of schedule under consideration.

The list indicated in this section includes the following:

1. Urban Development Code of the Russian Federation.
2. Construction rules and regulations 01.12.04 "Organization of construction".
3. MDS from 29.12.06, "Methodological recommendations".

It is important to remember that the above-indicated work schedule must necessarily comply with all the above-mentioned regulatory and legal documents.

Otherwise, there is a high probability of conflicts with the customer or inspection authorities.

It is important to remember that certain categories of construction projects are subject to mandatory checks by specialized government agencies.

It is especially important to pay attention to Federal Law No. 116-FZ of 21.07.97, its individual articles:

It is also necessary to take into account some sections of the Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002:

The scheduling of production work must necessarily be carried out in accordance with the above list of regulatory documents.

The presence of various kinds of inconsistencies can serve as a reason for the termination of certain agreements.

Therefore, before starting to draw up a schedule, it is important to study all legislative acts - within the framework of which the schedule should be formed.

How to draw up a work schedule

It is necessary to draw up the document of the shooting range in question in such a way as to avoid lagging behind the schedule.

That is why you should analyze in advance all the data provided for the formation of this document.

Before starting to draw up a document of the type in question, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the following main questions:

• where to start;
• deadlines;
• what calculations are needed;
• compilation program;
• example of compilation.

Where to start

The very procedure for scheduling is carried out in a certain sequence. At the moment, the list of basic actions includes the following stages:

• analysis of all data obtained for the implementation of calculations is carried out;
• the nomenclature of all assembly and construction operations is formed in a certain order;
• volumes are calculated for each separate type of work;
• the optimal in a particular case ways of implementing the task are selected;
• is selected:

1. Method of work implementation.
2. Construction machines;

• labor costs, machine hours are calculated;
• the technological sequence for performing certain categories of work is determined;
• the order of shifts is formed;
• the duration of the performance of certain volumes of work is determined;
• the performance is calculated, the adjustments are determined;
• a schedule of the need for material resources is drawn up.

Deadlines

In fact, the timing of construction work can be any. The main criteria that determine their duration are the following factors:

• season of work;
• agreements with the customer;
• performed technological processes.

However, the decisive factor is precisely the deadline set by the customer. Typically, the schedule is drawn up primarily with this fact in mind. All other factors are actually secondary.

Except for the need to comply with certain technological processes. In some cases, failure to comply with building codes can lead to major accidents.

What calculations are needed

The list of calculations required in this case is quite extensive. The most important calculations when composing a document of the type in question are the following:

• duration of construction;
• specific labor intensity of performing a certain amount of work;
• average output per day:

1. Worker.
2. Units of equipment;

• the level of automation and mechanization of basic construction work;
• the cost of the work, as well as the organization of the construction area, delivery of equipment and others.

Particular attention should be paid to the time and economic component of the calculation.

Program for compiling

To compile the type of document under consideration, you can use various software.

Today there is a specialized one that allows you to draw up a cyclogram, the schedule itself and carry out all the necessary calculations with a minimum amount of time.

But nevertheless, Microsoft Excel will be the best solution. This software solution is universal.

Compilation example

The actual work schedule of the type under consideration is a special table.

It includes the following main sections:

• serial number;
• Name of works;
• start date of work;
• completion date of work;
• work schedule.

Also, in the upper part of the documents, the signatures of the contractor and the customer are affixed, as well as the names of the organizations, their confirming seals. Compilation date is required.

Nuances during construction

When drawing up the type of schedule under consideration, it will be necessary to take into account some of the features of construction:

• the work schedule is part of the project during the construction of the facility;
• the schedule should be drawn up for the entire volume of construction work;
• if construction is carried out in several stages, this moment must be taken into account.

It is important to remember about a large number of very different nuances associated with drawing up the type of schedule in question.

It should be formed in accordance with the standards established by law. This will avoid problems with the customer and regulatory authorities.

CONSTRUCTION CALENDAR PLANNING

104. What is called a work schedule?
Scheduled work plans are design and technical documents as part of projects for the organization of construction and production of work, in which, on the basis of the physical volume of work and the adopted organizational and technological solutions, an expedient sequence, mutual coordination and timing of work on the construction of facilities are established, as well as documents that determine the need construction in workers, material, technical and other types of resources (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Schedule for the production of work on the construction of an industrial building

105. What is the purpose of the work schedule?
The calendar plan is a guiding document in the production of work and a means of monitoring their progress.

106. What information is needed to develop a work schedule?
To develop a work schedule, the following information is required:
- working drawings of a building or structure;
- a consolidated estimate of the cost of construction;
- construction organization project;
- information on the timing of deliveries of structures, materials and equipment;
- information about the types and number of machines and mechanisms planned for use;
- information about the workforce of the main professions;
flow charts for complex work and work performed by new methods;
- standard flow charts linked to the construction of the facility;
- the terms for the construction of the facility established under the contract.

107. In what sequence is it necessary to develop a work production schedule?
The design of work schedules must be carried out in the following sequence:
- analyze the initial data for the design;
- make up a nomenclature (list) of construction and installation processes required for the construction of the facility;
- for each type of work, the amount of work is calculated;
- choose the methods of work and the leading (main) construction machines;
- determine the required amount of labor costs for each type of work and the need for machine shifts of the leading machines;
- identify the technological sequence of works;
- establish the shift of work;
- determine the duration of individual construction and installation works and the possibility of their combination with each other; at the same time, the number of performers and shifts are adjusted according to this data;
- compare the calculated performance with the normative one and introduce the necessary adjustments;
- on the basis of the developed schedule, schedules of the need for material resources and methods of their provision are made.

108. What conditions does the technological sequence of construction and installation work depend on?
The technological sequence of work depends on design solutions and the rational combination of general construction processes with each other in order to reduce the construction time of an object or structure.

109. How can you reduce the construction time of the facility?
Reducing the construction time of an object or structure can be achieved due to the optimal technological sequence of work with a combination of general construction and installation processes, using industrial methods of labor (large-scale assembly of structures and equipment, high factory readiness of building elements along with the use of high-performance mechanisms) and the organization of construction along linear or networked models with strict control over construction progress.

110. Is it possible to combine the work performed by different performers?
Works performed by different performers (sections, teams, etc.) cannot be combined.

111. How is the work performed by the subcontractor shown in the schedule?
The work performed by a subcontractor (for example, installation of technological equipment) is shown in the schedule as one work, necessarily related to the dependence on general construction work. The duration of this work, set by the general contractor, is the starting point for drawing up a detailed schedule for the subcontractor that installs the process equipment.

112. How are the scopes of work determined in the scheduling?
The scope of work is determined by working drawings and estimates. The scope of work must necessarily be expressed in units adopted in the Unified Norms and Prices (ENiR) or SNiPs.
The volume of special work in the calendar plan is reflected in value terms (in accordance with the estimate). Then their labor intensity can be approximately determined by the development of the subcontractor organization.

113. How is the duration of mechanized work determined?
The duration of mechanized work is determined by the productivity of leading construction machines (cranes, excavators, bulldozers, etc.). Therefore, it is first necessary to determine the duration of the mechanized work, and then the duration of the manual work.

114. What does the shift of work depend on?
The shift in manual work depends on the availability of a work front and workforce. With a sufficient front of work, it is advisable to plan the bulk of work in the first shift, as the most productive, in which there are better working conditions, more precise organization of work, which allows you to achieve the highest labor productivity. Performing work on the second shift (especially in the autumn-winter period) requires such additional measures as lighting of workplaces, walkways, additional measures for labor protection.
However, some types of work are more convenient to perform on the evening shift, when the bulk of workers are absent on the site (for example, work related to heating concrete).
Sometimes it makes sense to deliberately narrow the scope of work, dividing teams for multi-shift work, when one-time capital costs are needed to carry out work (for example, work in cold weather in special greenhouses).

115. How to determine the composition of the brigade?
The calculation of the composition of the brigade must be made in the following sequence:
- outline the complex of works assigned to the brigade;
- calculate the complexity of these works;
- according to ENiR, determine labor costs by professions and categories of workers;
- to establish recommendations for the rational combination of professions;
- to establish the numerical strength of the brigade and units.
The complex of works entrusted to the brigade includes all the work necessary for the smooth operation of the leading construction machine; all technologically related and dependent works.

116. What forms of scheduling can be?
The graphical form of scheduling can be linear, network or cyclogram.

117. What is a linear work schedule?
A linear work schedule is a form of scheduling that consists of two parts: the left one, with all the necessary calculation data, and the right one, graphical, linked to the calendar.

118. What is a cyclogram?
The cyclogram (Fig. 3) is a form of scheduling of the production of work when performing constantly repeating construction and installation work of the same type. The cyclogram makes it possible to reflect the development of the flow in time and space. The flows on the cyclogram, developed in a strict technological sequence one after another, do not allow the intersection of inclined lines.

Rice. 3. Cyclogram of the construction of a 70-apartment residential building with brick walls: 1 brickwork; 2 installation of partitions and ceilings; 3 device built-in equipment; 4 plumbing works; 5 electrical work; 6 plastering works; 7 carpentry work; 8 device of floors; 9 painting works; 10 completion of painting work; 11 installation of sanitary ware; 12 completion of electrical work; 13 roofing device; 14 protective layer device

During the construction of complex industrial facilities, the visibility of the cyclogram is significantly reduced.

119. What are the requirements for the schedule?
The schedule should provide complete and comprehensive information about the facility being built, reflect the range of works, the order of their implementation, the nature of the relationship between the works. The schedule should be compact, visual and convenient for analyzing work.

120. What are the criteria for adjusting the work schedule?
Correction of the work schedule is carried out primarily by adjusting the "time" indicator (in accordance with the contractual or standard construction period) and according to the resources available to the performers (labor and material).

121. By what technical and economic indicators the developed calendar plan is estimated?
The revised schedule after adjustments is assessed according to the following technical and economic indicators:
- by the duration of construction;
- by specific labor intensity in person-days per 1m 3 of the building; for 1 m 2 of living or usable area;
- the average output of a worker (per day, month or year);
- the level of mechanization of the main construction and installation works;
- the cost of work on the organization of the construction site.

122. In what sequence is it necessary to organize the construction of the underground part of the house?
The leading process when performing construction and installation work when arranging the underground part of the house should be considered work on the construction of foundations. But in complex geological and hydrogeological conditions, the leading process may be work on the construction of an artificial foundation.
Depending on the length of the house, its sectioning, it is necessary to divide the volume of work into grabs.
The choice of the type of excavator (forward or backward shovel, dragline) is influenced by the amount of work, the depth of excavation of the pit, the category of soil, and the hydrogeological conditions of the site.
Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations is carried out simultaneously with manual cleaning of the pit and the installation of a sand bed.
With the pile version of the foundations, after driving the piles, work is performed on the construction of a monolithic or prefabricated reinforced concrete grillage.
After the installation of the outer walls of the basement, they proceed to the installation or laying of the inner walls and partitions of the basement.
The filling of the sinuses of the excavation from the inside and the filling under the floors are performed after the installation of the first row of wall blocks. Basement piping must be completed before flooring.
The installation of basement ceilings is carried out after the completion of work on the installation of partitions and floors.
The external waterproofing of the basement walls is performed immediately after their installation, before filling the external sinuses. The backfilling of the outer sinuses of the foundations should be carried out after the installation of the basement floor slabs is complete, including welding.

123. How to organize the construction of a residential building box?
The leading process of this cycle is the installation or laying of structures of the above-ground part of the house (the so-called box).
Depending on the volume of the building and its structures, it is divided into grabs. Vertically, the box of the house is divided into tiers equal to one floor. Extended buildings are divided into seizures, the value of which is taken to be: minimum - to the section floor, maximum - to the floor of the house.
Installation of the aboveground part of the building (depending on the height and configuration in the plan) is carried out by rail-mounted tower cranes or mobile cranes. The rate of installation and, accordingly, the duration of construction of the building box is determined by the performance of the adopted assembly mechanism.
In addition to the installation of prefabricated elements, it is necessary to provide for the supply of installation mechanisms and other various materials and parts: ventilation elements and garbage chutes, heating devices, piping, bathrooms, electrical equipment, etc., since along with general construction work, sanitary and technical and electrical organizations are connected to the construction ...
Before the subcontractors start working on the house, the following work must be completed:
- installation of at least two floors of the house (or parts of sections);
- glazing (enough in one glass) and ensuring the temperature in the premises is not lower than 5 ° С (for electrical work);
- grooves, holes were punched, niches for heating devices and electrical cabinets were plastered;
- temporary power supply is provided for the production of works and lighting of the premises.
The readiness to work on the seizures must be formalized by acts between the representatives of the general contractor and the subcontractor.

124. In what sequence is it desirable to carry out finishing work during the construction of a residential building?
Before the start of finishing work on the section of the house, the following work must be completed:
- construction work on the installation of structures;
- plumbing and electrical work of the first stage of work (internal systems of cold and hot water supply, heating, gas supply, sewerage were installed; pipes and protective sleeves for hidden wiring were laid, junction boxes, electrical cabinets were installed, wires were tightened, cables and assembled power supply scheme were laid verified);
- lifts for the supply of finishing materials to the floors were installed and put into operation (with the height of the building being finished more than 25 m, cargo-passenger lifts are installed);
- glazing was made and heating (permanent or temporary) was installed for operation at negative temperatures;
- utility and storage facilities have been prepared.
Plastering works in apartments begin to be performed from bathrooms and kitchens, which makes it possible to speed up the delivery of the most difficult premises for installation to subcontractors.
Wall cladding with tiles, mosaic and tiled floors are performed in one cycle with plastering work.
At the end of the plastering and tiling work, glazing of the inner doors and the second glazing of the windows are performed.
The cement screed for linoleum floors is performed after the plastering work by the same teams that carry out the plastering work.
Painting work on the house is performed in two stages:
- the first stage: filling and painting of ceilings, painting of loggias and balconies, preparation of surfaces for wallpapering, painting of walls and joinery. At the same time, they prepare the walls in bathrooms and kitchens for oil painting. Linoleum and parquet flooring begins after the last wet process - the final painting of the ceiling;
- the second stage: the walls are covered with wallpaper, the walls and joinery are painted for the last time. Painting work on the stairwells is performed upon completion of this work in the apartments.

125. What are the known ways of industrialization of the installation of cargo-passenger elevators?
The industrialization of the installation of elevators can go in two directions:
- enlargement of the elevator units before its installation;
- the use of prefabricated tubing: volumetric reinforced concrete elements of the elevator shaft.
With such methods of installation of elevators, labor productivity is significantly increased, the culture and quality of work is increased, working conditions and safety are improved, the cost of work is reduced and the installation time is reduced due to the fact that labor-intensive and dangerous installation operations are transferred to the factory conditions.

126. What is the main feature of the organization of construction of industrial buildings and structures?
The main feature of the organization of the construction of industrial buildings is the complexity of linking the construction of a building with the installation of engineering and technological equipment, the complexity of execution and a significant length of engineering communications.

127. What are the basic principles should be laid when organizing the construction of an industrial building?
When constructing industrial buildings, the sequence of their construction should be designed in such a way as to ensure its minimum duration as a whole. For this, first of all, workshops and spans are erected, the construction part of which, as well as the installation of equipment and technological pipelines, requires a maximum amount of time or the use of which is necessary for builders and installers during construction (energy, heat supply, etc.),

128. What methods of construction and installation of technological equipment are used in the construction of industrial buildings?
Methods of building construction and installation of technological equipment are considered depending on the combination of work on the construction of foundations for equipment and internal stacking (open and closed construction methods) and on the combination of installation of buildings and stacks with the installation of technological equipment (separate and combined installation methods).

129. What is an open method for assembling the building frame?
The open method (or the method of the complete zero cycle) is a method of construction and installation work, in which first the foundations for the building frame and technological equipment are erected, underground communications are laid, basements and tunnels are arranged, backfilling of soil with compaction is carried out and only after that they are erected load-bearing and enclosing structures of the above-ground part of the building and carry out installation of technological equipment.
This method allows general construction work to be carried out on a wide front, but requires a long construction time due to the small degree of combination of construction and installation work, the complexity of the work of self-propelled construction machines inside the building.

130. What is the closed method of constructing a building frame?
With the closed method, the foundations for the building frame are made, backfilled, the structures of the above-ground part of the building are mounted, including the installation of wall fencing, and after that, ditches are dug, the foundations for the equipment are concreted and the process equipment is installed.
This method allows you to use overhead cranes for the construction of foundations and installation of equipment. It is especially convenient when performing work in winter, when it becomes possible to supply temporary heat to the building. However, in the confined space of spans, excavation and concrete works are complicated, because the maneuver of mechanisms and vehicles is limited.

131. What is the combined method of installation of technological equipment?
With the combined method of installation of technological equipment, it is provided for the simultaneous installation of building structures of the building and internal stacks together with the installation of equipment. In this case, the installation of all structures within one installation cell is carried out in one crane run.
The main advantage of this method is the possibility, following the installation of the building frame, to carry out work on the installation of technological equipment. This method requires special precision in the installation of structural elements, since it is very difficult to correct possible errors during the installation of the frame.
The combined method makes it possible to mechanize the installation of equipment to a greater extent, to organize continuous construction and installation work for the simultaneous installation of structures and equipment through the use of powerful assembly cranes and creates conditions for increasing the industrialization of equipment installation using enlarged units and pipelines.
Combined assembly requires very precise coordination of all production processes and complicates the work in the assembly area.

132. What is a separate method of installation of technological equipment?
Separate installation of the building frame and technological equipment involves the installation of building structures in one specialized stream (assembly team), and the installation of technological equipment, including rigging (installation, equipment aggregation, equipment piping), by another specialized stream (a team of fitters) in the constructed building.
Separate installation of technological equipment (with a closed method of constructing foundations for equipment) provides favorable temperature conditions for work performed inside the building, which is especially important for areas with harsh natural conditions, but reduces the degree of industrialization of installation work.

133. What determines the choice of a particular method of building construction and installation of technological equipment?
The choice of certain methods of equipment installation and building construction depends on various reasons:
- from the established terms of putting the facility into operation;
- from the stability of building structures (when installing equipment on built-in stacks);
- on the nature of the equipment (whether it can be stored at negative temperatures during the installation period);
- on the parameters of the mounted technological equipment;
- from a sufficient number of labor and other factors.

134. What is the peculiarity of the development of work schedules during the reconstruction of enterprises?
The organization of construction production during the reconstruction of buildings and structures has a number of features in comparison with the organization of work on new construction:
- significant heterogeneity, dispersal and low volume of work during reconstruction;
- implementation of a set of works that are not inherent in new construction (dismantling of structures, their reinforcement, replacement of individual structural elements, etc.);
- performance of work in cramped conditions, which affects the general scheme of work organization;
- dismantling works and works to strengthen building structures are accompanied by a set of works related to ensuring the stability of the preserved parts of buildings and reinforced structures;
- the tightness of the front of construction work, the existing engineering networks of the reconstructed enterprise make it difficult to use powerful construction equipment (in some cases, there is a need for a special design of mechanization means);
- often, at the request of the customer, the reconstruction of the enterprise has to be carried out without stopping the existing production;
- special attention should be paid to the development of labor protection measures, taking into account the characteristics of the existing production and the nature of construction and installation work.

135. What is the conveyor method of assembly and block assembly of coatings of one-story industrial buildings?
At the construction site, on specially equipped conveyor lines, the spatial metal blocks of the coating are assembled with their finishing to a high degree of readiness (with the installation of insulation, the installation of several layers of the roof, the installation and glazing of the lantern, the execution of plumbing, ventilation and electrical work inside such a block).
Then such a block, which has a significant mass, with the help of a powerful assembly crane installed at the end of the building, is moved to a special installer (it can be two paired bridge cranes), which moves along the finished crane runways in the span of the building to the installation site and is lowered with the help of jacks to the design position on the assembled columns.

136. What is a spatial block constructively?
Typically, a spatial unit consists of two rafter and two rafter metal trusses, connected by double-cantilever girders, braces and profiled decking. Depending on the structural and technological solution of the block, its layout may be different.

137. What caused the use of spatial blocks?
Due to the emerging tendency in construction to replace reinforced concrete trusses and roof slabs with light metal structures in combination with light synthetic insulation with the use of modern powerful erection cranes, it became possible to lift the roof structures in the form of almost completely finished spatial blocks.

138. What are the advantages of conveyor assembly and assembly of finished coating blocks in comparison with traditional methods?
The conveyor method of assembly and installation of building covering structures in comparison with element-by-element installation allows to significantly increase labor productivity (1.5 times for general construction, 2 times for installation, 2-3 times for plumbing and electrical work). The conveyor radically changes the working conditions, bringing them closer to the factory ones, significantly reduces the amount of hazardous work at height, reduces the time for installing coatings by 20-25%, reduces the cost of installation work and significantly improves the quality of construction.

139. In what cases is it economically feasible to use the conveyor assembly method and block assembly of coatings?
Taking into account the additional costs for the construction of conveyor lines for the assembly of coatings, this method is economically feasible when installing industrial buildings with an area of ​​more than 30-50 thousand m 2.

140. What is the nodal construction method?
For the construction of large and complex industrial facilities for the development of a construction organization project, a nodal method is used, which includes the method of designing, preparing and managing the construction of an enterprise.
When organizing the construction of an enterprise using this method, individual objects are combined into construction, technological and general site units.

141. What is the concept of "knot"?
A node is a structurally separate part of an industrial enterprise subject to construction, located within strictly defined boundaries, the technical readiness of which, after completion of construction and installation work, allows for commissioning, testing of units, mechanisms and devices with obtaining an intermediate product ...
For the rational concentration of resources and coordination of the activities of construction participants due to the maximum combination of work, sub-assemblies are allocated from the most complex units.

142. What is the concept of "subnode"?
A subassembly is a separate part of a unit, within which construction and installation work is carried out until the technical readiness necessary for carrying out commissioning work as a whole for the unit, testing of units, mechanisms and devices.
Within the sub-node, construction develops autonomously and is connected with the node only at the last stage of work - when testing and adjusting the assembly units.

143. What is a building node?
Building units include buildings or structures of the main production purpose or their structurally separate part, within which construction and installation work is carried out until technical readiness, which allows this building or part of it to be transferred for mechanical installation work.
When determining the boundaries and composition of the construction site, it is necessary to take into account the following: the building section must have spatial rigidity, allowing the operation of overhead cranes and other lifting means, and also the roofing, glazing, lighting, etc. must be completed.

144. What is a technological unit?
The technological units include structurally separate parts of the technological lines of the enterprise, within the boundaries of which construction and installation work must be carried out until the technical readiness necessary for the adjustment and testing of units and devices.

145. What is a general site node?
A general site node is a group of buildings and structures of service and auxiliary purposes, engineering networks and communications that are homogeneous on a technological basis, in which the production of construction and installation works is carried out until technical readiness, which allows testing of units and devices.
The general site assemblies include works that are similar in characteristics to construction and technological assemblies, with the allocation of sub-assemblies in their composition, if necessary.

146. Who should develop a project for the organization of construction by the nodal method?
The design of the composition and boundaries of the nodes should be carried out by a group of highly qualified engineers, designers-technologists of the design organization, experienced process engineers of the customer, specialists of the general contracting and leading specialized organizations.
When designing the composition and boundaries of units, it is necessary to know the purpose and interaction of equipment, units and devices intended for the production of products at the enterprise under construction, and also the space-planning and design solutions of the project should be taken into account, knowledge of the organization and technology of construction production is required.
The use of the nodal method allows all participants to focus on the most important stages of construction, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the construction time of an enterprise, including the time for commissioning.

Note! This is often overlooked when scheduling work.

From the article you will learn:

The concept and essence of the work schedule

The term "schedule" usually means some kind of schedule, fixing the sequence of actions, or the course of events in time.

The work schedule reflects the sequence of performing a certain work with an indication of the timing or periods of its implementation.

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How to organize shift work + ideal shift schedule.

Within the framework of civil legal relations, work can be of a different nature. The most common contracts governing the performance of work are contract, paid services. As a rule, when providing services, the process is not so strictly regulated.

On the contrary, in a contract, the process is usually under the supervision of the customer. So, Article 708 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation directly establishes that the work contract may provide for the completion date of certain stages of work. They are also called interim dates. Moreover, the contractor may be liable for violation of not only the initial and final dates, but also the intermediate ones established by the schedule.

The work schedule (we will present a sample below) is usually drawn up during a construction contract. The more significant the construction is to be done, the more thorough a document such as a schedule.

It is the construction that involves fixing the individual stages of the work, this is especially true if legal relations arise between several contractors or with the use of subcontracting. The construction schedule may reflect:

1. Name of works;
2. terms of performance of certain types of work;
3. what kind of technique is involved;
4. how many "working hands" will be required;
5. work schedule of shifts or norms of working hours;
6. stages of work;
7. who monitors the implementation of each stage and other information.

The work schedule (sample below) is also important in that it determines one of the essential conditions of the work contract - its term (which is directly prescribed by Article 708 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The law will allow the parties to the legal relationship to provide for liability for violation of any deadlines - both final and deadlines for completing work stages. It is these intermediate terms that are set in the schedule.

Thus, the importance of the plan- graphics It is difficult to overestimate - it reflects the progress of work, a number of essential terms of the contract. Also, the document may contain important information related to the use of hired labor, the use of technology. It serves as proof of the agreement by the parties of important points of construction, proves certain facts in the presence of disputes between the parties, including judicial ones. In addition, the schedule allows the customer to control the construction, it is very important for calculating various penalties, if they are provided for in the contract in case of violation of intermediate terms.

Work schedule form

If the work schedule reflects a significant number of stages and information on construction, it is drawn up as an appendix to the work contract. This document can also be part of the design and technical documentation.

Drafting graphics(especially in the case of large-scale construction) is a complex and highly professional business. In this case, a lot of factors and circumstances are taken into account, for example:

drawings and projects of the future facility;

availability of staff and professional workers;

available equipment;

the required time frame;

availability of relationships with contractors for the supply of materials and equipment;

parties involved in the construction project and a host of other important circumstances.

It turns out that this document is related to many others from the total volume of documentation, follows from the content of other elements of technical documentation.

For simple work, the schedule can be drawn up independently using familiar programs, for example, excel. A work schedule, a sample in excel, can be drawn up by an employee who does not have special skills in working with construction documentation.

For example, here's a simple work schedule: sample:

It is also possible to compile tables using other programs, a schedule for the production of work in construction - a sample can be downloaded on specialized construction portals or from legal reference systems.

It should also be borne in mind that at present the process of documenting construction work is quite automated. Special software systems have been developed that allow you to calculate, compose and reflect the main parameters of work performance - costs, use of labor, mechanisms and equipment, norms. Such programs allow you to take into account many factors, greatly facilitate the work of specialists, allow you to unify a number of documents, quickly make changes to the documentation and reduce the time for paperwork. Therefore, in capital construction, as a rule, one or another software package is used, which makes it possible to automate and facilitate the preparation, including of plans and schedules.

I. Declaration-application for the certification of the quality system II. Initial data for a preliminary assessment of the state of production

I. Collective analysis and goal-setting of educational work with the involvement of parents, students, class teachers.

I. Medical examinations (examinations) of workers employed in hazardous work and in work with harmful and (or) hazardous production factors

On the basis of the calendar schedule, a schedule of the construction process is drawn up with a clear detailing of the work and performers, with a focus on the capacity of the construction organization, the standard construction time, taking into account the observance of safety rules and the technological sequence of work.

For any construction, you can build a large number of admissible schedules, but the main task of scheduling is to draw up an optimal work schedule according to the accepted criterion for assessing its optimality.

When developing, the following requirements are imposed on the scheduling plans:

1. Compliance with the standard deadlines for the construction of individual structures or complexes and the facility as a whole.

2. Correspondence of the sequence of construction of individual structures (complexes) to the projected sequence of their commissioning.

3. Linkage, calendar dates for the performance of certain types of work with climatic, hydrological, hydrogeological and other conditions of the construction site and with the projected methods of work.

4. Providing a wide front of work with the parallel execution of their different types.

5. Ensuring uniform loading of construction machines, mechanisms and equipment at the facility.

6. Ensuring a uniform demand for manpower by profession and in general at the facility.

7. Ensuring a uniform demand for building materials, products, energy resources, etc.

The initial data for drawing up a work schedule are:

1. The established volumes by type of work and by their nomenclature.

2. Accepted production methods, types and brands of machines and mechanisms intended for use.

3. The established features of the work performance in connection with the conditions of the construction area (climate, geology, flooding, etc.)

4. The established norms for the production of workers and the need for labor (in man-days)

5. Establishing the performance of the selected machines and determining the need for them (machine-shifts).

To build a schedule for the production of work, you must:

1 - make a list of all works and combine them into sequential technological processes (cycles);

2 - determine the scope of these works in the appropriate units of measurement;

3 - determine the labor intensity (in man-days) of work by dividing the amount of work by the standard output.

The name (list) of works (Appendix E) is made up in the technological sequence of their implementation. In this case, the works are grouped according to their types and periods of execution. This is done to keep the calendar concise and easier to read.

The main construction machines (column 5, appendix E) are planned based on the number of machine shifts required to complete all work on the object (columns 6, 7, appendix E). On the basis of these data, schedules of the construction demand for machines are drawn up, indicating the start and end dates of the work of each mechanism.

The total duration of construction of facilities is determined by the formula:

T = T p + T about + T s, (38)

where T is the total construction period, days; T p - the period of preparatory work, days; T about - the duration of the main period, days; T s - the duration of the final period, days.

The duration of the performance of individual works on structures is determined (column 10).

The number of workers per shift (column 12) is determined in accordance with the labor intensity and duration of work.

The number of workers per shift can be found by the formula (column 12):

According to the duration of the operation of the leading machine T fur, the volume of V stars of work entrusted to the link, and the planned shift of work m, the quantitative composition of each link is determined (column 13):

NS zv = V zv / T fur s (39)

The quantitative composition of the brigade N br =

The number of workers by profession and category:

N br = N br * d,

where d is the proportion of labor costs by profession and category in the total labor intensity of work.

The number of workers is taken to be equal to the composition of the link per shift. If the work does not fit into the scheduled time, then the number of workers per shift (composition, foremen) is taken as a multiple of the number of members of the link (the number of links is increased by two to three or more times), but not more than the average daily number of workers for one-shift work or half for two-shift work. (N Wed).

The duration of work can be increased by 10-15% against the calculated one, i.e. the coefficient of use of the shift time is 0.9-0.85.

For mechanized work, take the number of machines (column 7). The duration of mechanized work (column 10) is determined by the dependence:

T fur (40)

where M is the number of machine shifts; K - accepted number of cars; С - accepted shift of work.

If the duration of the work is known, then the number of machines is determined as follows (column 7):

Determination of machine productivity - actual and normal (columns 8 and 9).

The standard performance will be:

Actual performance will be:

The required productivity of machines in technologically related operations should be the same or different, but more than 10-15%.

The product of the standard performance of machines by their number must correspond to the required performance.

For work performed manually or using machines in auxiliary operations, the duration of work (column 10) is determined by the formula:

where Tch is the labor intensity of the work; B - the number of workers per shift.

Completing the work schedule. In accordance with the accepted technological and organizational sequence, lines are drawn against the corresponding work. The length of the line in millimeters (taking into account the scale) must correspond to the duration of work (column 10) with the addition of the number of non-working days for this period.

Above the line, indicate the number of workers per day, and below it, the number of working days. The graph "Schedule of work" should cover the entire calendar period of construction. It is allowed to take the duration of all months for 30 days.

The first line is written: "Preparatory work". The volumes and resources are not indicated, but in the work graph, a line is drawn from the start of the construction period to the start date of the main period.

Development of a schedule for the movement of machines and workers on the construction site. On the basis of the calendar plan (on the right side of it), a schedule of movement of workers by profession is drawn up. One should strive to ensure that the quantitative composition of workers with a certain profession remains constant throughout the entire period of construction. If this is impossible to achieve, then the best option is when the “peaks” and “troughs” in the workers' schedule do not exceed 10-15%.

Scheduling the movement of workers is caused by the need to calculate the area of ​​temporary structures (changing rooms, a canteen, rooms for heating workers, etc.).

Under the "Work Schedule" column of the calendar plan, the time axis is drawn on the same scale, and the axis of the number of workers in the accepted scale is drawn perpendicular to it. Then the time of the beginning and the end of the work and the number of workers are transferred from the work schedule, superimposing them sequentially from the beginning of construction to the end (Figure 16).

The quality of the construction of the schedule is assessed by the coefficient of uneven movement of workers:

Kn = Nmax / Ncp< 1,5,

where Nmax is the maximum number of workers per shift in construction, people; Ncp - the number of workers equal to W / T; W is the sum of labor costs (column 4); T is the duration of construction according to the calendar plan, days.

If there are sharp drops on the graph of the movement of workers or K n does not satisfy the boundary conditions, then the graph is corrected.

Figure 16 - Schedule of movement of workers:

Before adjustment; ---------- after adjustment.

Scheduling the use of machines. In the column "Average daily number of machines" of Table 5, the start and end dates of work from the "Work Schedule" of the calendar plan are transferred, recording the number of machines above the line, and below the line - the number of working days for the calendar period of work.

The project plan is a key part of any project manager's toolbox. Of course, you want to start working on tasks as soon as possible, but if you find the time and outline a strategy for implementing the project, you can save money and resources. The parts of your project will constantly shift, and you will need a project plan template to keep track of these changes.

How to choose a suitable template from a huge number of existing ones? We've gone through all of them and selected the very best project plan templates in Excel. In this article, we'll walk you through the different types of templates and also explain when to use each one. You can also download a project plan template in Excel for free. We'll walk you through what a project plan is and how to create one in Excel, and how to create one in Smartsheet, a tool that simplifies management and offers additional collaboration options.

Smartsheet

A work plan template helps you break down large project goals into smaller, easy-to-follow steps. This type of template shows what tasks need to be completed, who is responsible for completing them, and also contains the due date for tasks. A timeline is included in the template to help define expectations and improve the transparency of task completion, allowing everyone on the project to stay on top of deliverables and deadlines. The work plan template is best suited for large teams working on large projects with a lot of tasks and deadlines.

Gantt chart work plan template

 Download project plan template

The project plan is most commonly used in project management, where Gantt charts are needed to plan and report project progress. The Gantt View is a dynamic horizontal chart used to visualize the project timeline and is an important tool for organizing stakeholder access to project status changes. This template is perfect for project managers who work on large projects with a lot of contributors.

Action plan template

 Download action plan template

An action plan lists all the steps required to achieve a specific goal. It includes all information about the actions to be taken, the persons responsible for their implementation, due dates, priorities and status. An action plan is similar to a work plan, but the action plan focuses on goals, while the work plan template displays the milestones for completing tasks, which are usually displayed in chronological order. The action plan template is suitable for individual use or for small teams.

Business plan template

 Download business plan template

A business plan template displays business goals and the actions required to achieve them. A business plan focuses on the future development of your business and shows how you can achieve your goals. Business plans are more strategic than work or action plans and often include a concept definition, business profile, economic assessment, etc. A business plan is suitable for owners of an already running business, start-up entrepreneurs or entrepreneurs who need outside help.

1. Go to the site site and log into your account (or try the free 30-day version).
2. On the "Home" tab, click "New" and select the "View Templates" option.
3. Enter the words "Gantt chart" in the "Search templates" field and click on the magnifying glass icon.
4. You will see the existing templates, but for our example we will choose the Simple Project with Gantt Chart template. Click on the blue "Use Template" button in the upper right corner of the search screen.
5. Give your template a name, choose where you want to save it, and then click OK.

2. Indicate all your design data

An inline template opens, containing sample content for reference, as well as sections, subtasks, and sub-subtasks that are already formatted. In Smartsheet, you can easily add or remove columns based on the size of your project.

Just right-click on a column and select "Insert Column Right" or "Insert Column Left" to add a column, or "Remove Column" to remove a column. To delete the yellow highlighted text at the top of the table, right-click on it and select "Delete row".

1. Add your tasks to the Task Name column. You will notice that the hierarchy has already been formatted for you. Enter your details in the Section 1, Section 2, and Section 3 fields (called “parent rows.” For more information on what hierarchies are, see).

1. Enter your Tasks and Subtasks of the row below the parent.

1. To the left of each line, you can add attachments directly to the issue (ideal for nesting stakeholder lists, budgets, etc.) or start a discussion about a problem.

3. Adding a start date and due date

1. Add start dates and due dates for each task. If you click and drag either end of a task bar in your Gantt Chart, Smartsheet will automatically update the dates in your sheet.
2. Click on a cell in any of the date columns.
3. Click on the calendar icon and select a date. You can also manually enter the date into the cell.

4. Enter data on% of completion and performers

The columns "Completed (%)" and "Person in charge" provide additional information about your project and improve its transparency, allowing team members to see who is responsible for tasks and at what stage the implementation process is.

In a Gantt chart, the thin bars within the task bars represent the percentage of work completed for each task.

1. In the "Completed (%)" column, enter the percentage of work completed for each task. Enter an integer and Smartsheet will automatically add a percent sign.
2. In the Person Responsible column, select the name of the contractor from your contact drop-down list, or enter the name manually.