How to make a timetable for the movement of labor. Schedule of movement of workers around the facility. Building master plans

Workforce schedules are built on the basis of the data of the previously developed network schedule for the construction of the facility. Examples of the plotted graphs are shown in Figures 2.8, 2.9.

First of all, a graph of the needs of the estimated (attendance) number of workers per day is built. The estimated number is the number of workers that must go to work on each of the shifts to complete this work in the specified amount of time.

Then a schedule is built for the movement of the estimated number of workers for each shift. The construction of the corresponding schedules for the movement of labor resources is carried out by adding the number of workers employed in the performance of work during the day or the corresponding shifts on each of the working days.

Considering that workers can get sick, commit absenteeism, perform any duties with the permission of the administration, go on vacation, etc., in addition, a schedule should be drawn up for the list of requirements for labor resources. The payroll is the number of workers that should be hired so that, taking into account the reasons for absenteeism listed above, there is an estimated number of workers each day. Proceeding from the fact that absenteeism for various reasons can amount to 10-20%, accordingly, the number of workers on the list per day should be greater by this amount. The purpose of the graphs is as follows:

Recruitment is carried out according to the payroll schedule.

The areas of temporary buildings and structures are determined for the maximum estimated number.

According to the corresponding schedules, it is possible to assess the degree of sufficiency of labor resources and to take measures in advance to eliminate a possible shortage of workers (schedule optimization).

To build such graphs on the schedule, under each work, its parameters should be shown as follows (for example):

Job title

where 20 is the duration of work in days,

2 - the number of work shifts,
9 - the estimated number of workers in the 1st shift,

An example of constructing schedules for the movement of labor, taking into account different numbers of shifts, is shown in Fig. 2.9.

The schedule of movement of the estimated number of workers per day is recommended to be estimated by the coefficient of unevenness:

where is the maximum estimated number of workers per day,

Average number of workers per day.

where is the total labor intensity of construction work in man-days,

The length of the critical path in days.

The physical meaning of the value of the coefficient of unevenness is as follows.

The closer the value of the coefficient is to one, the longer the period of time at the construction site will be the maximum number of workers performing the intended work. This, in turn, will indicate that the temporary structures will be maximally used for their intended purpose during this time.

The higher the value of the coefficient, the shorter the site with the maximum number of workers on the workers' movement graph. And this, in turn, will lead to the fact that household premises designed for such a maximum number will not be used for their intended purpose by 100%.

The permissible value of the coefficient of uneven movement of labor is 1.75.

For the organization of construction, in addition to the total payroll number of workers, it is necessary to know the required number for the relevant specialties and qualifications. The project, as an example, provides data on occupations only for the period of maximum number (see Fig. 2.4, 2.5, 2.6).

Worker movement schedule at the construction site - a special schedule that is developed in order to understand the real number of people,

working on a construction site, it is necessary to pay attention to the schedule and to demolish the number of working people down the columns.

For example, one day simultaneously roofing and finishing work is underway, which means that it is necessary to add up the number of people employed in the first and second jobs. These amounts must be clearly displayed. For this there is work schedule at the construction site.

When compiling it, you must be guided by the following rules. Firstly, it is important to draw up a proper timetable to avoid jumps in the movement of workers. Secondly, you need to view the smooth start and end of construction. The correctness of the scheduling is checked by identifying the maximum and average number of people involved in construction for the entire period.

If work schedule is drawn up incorrectly, the coefficients will reveal it. Thanks to the movement schedule of workers, you can see how many workers are involved on a given day. It is also taken into account when

On the basis of the schedule and the accepted methods of work, a timetable for the movement of the labor force is built. The graph is shown in the form of a diagram, which clearly shows the use over time, the expenditure of labor - vertically, they reflect the amount of labor resources (people), and horizontally, the time of use. The graph of changes in the number of workers is built for every day, which is important for assessing the uniformity of the use of work teams.

The daily total number of workers is obtained by summing the number of all workers working on that day in all construction processes, and for workers of one profession - by summing the number of workers in this profession. The aim should be to keep the number of workers in a given profession at the facility as constant as possible.

In this case, the coefficient of uneven consumption of labor resources is determined as the ratio of their maximum () to average ( R Wed), should not exceed 2, i.e.:

45 people

R cp = Z tr / (T ×n)= 937.1 / (95) = 10 people (4.1);

where W tr - labor costs;

T is the number of working days;

n is the number of shifts.

Then the coefficient of unevenness of the labor force movement schedule:

Technical and economic indicators

Standard labor costs of workers, man-hours 937.1

Standard costs of machine time, machine-h 22.4

Duration of work, days 17

Production per worker per shift, m 3 1.4

4.2 Network schedule and its optimization

The network construction model is presented on sheet 10 of the graphical part of the project.

The calculation of the network diagram was carried out by the graphical method, the critical path was revealed. T cr = 338 days. Since the duration of construction along the critical path does not exceed the standard construction period (T n = 349 days), optimization of the network schedule in time is not required.

Below the network graph is a line chart and a graph of the movement of the labor force. The criterion for the satisfactory organization of work is the condition K p> 0.6 (K p is the coefficient of uneven movement of the labor force).

K p = N av (day) / N max (day) (7.1)

where N av (day) = ΣQ people-cm / T cr (day), where N av (day) is the average daily composition of workers, N max (day) is the maximum number of workers taken from the labor force movement schedule, ΣQ is the total labor intensity in man-shifts.

Before optimization, K p = 28.8 / 49 = 0.58 - it is necessary to optimize the graph. We optimize the network schedule by moving in time jobs that are not on the critical path (due to private time reserves). Optimization of the schedule is shown in the graphical part of the project (sheet 10).

After optimization, K p = 28.8 / 45 = 0.64.

4.3 Building master plan

Stroygenplan (SGP) is the general plan of the site, which shows: the location of the building under construction, the arrangement of the main assembly and lifting mechanisms, temporary structures (foreman, changing room for workers, toilet, etc.) and installations erected and used during the construction period, places of storage of materials and structures, location of permanent and temporary roads, engineering networks.

The decisions made in the SCS meet the requirements of safety, fire safety and environmental protection conditions.

The workers' movement schedule is placed under the graphical part of the schedule in the appropriate scale (for example, 1 cm - 5 people).

The number of workers in all processes is added up on each working day, the schedule has a stepwise shape. Due to the sharp fluctuations in the number of workers, drops and peaks appear. It is optimal when these fluctuations are insignificant.

The leveling of the need for workforce is achieved by reallocating the start and end dates of work, without disrupting the technological sequence.

The schedule of workers' movement is estimated by the coefficient of unevenness of the movement of workers K n, which should be less than or equal to 1.5.

where N max is the maximum number of workers per day employed in construction, people;

N cf - the average number of workers, people.

where W is the total labor costs of the work, man-shifts;

P f - the actual duration of construction, days.

Technical and economic indicators of the calendar plan

The calculation is performed in an explanatory note in order to evaluate the decisions made when developing the schedule.

1 Duration of construction:

Normative (Pn) according to SNiP 1.04.03-85 "Standards for the duration of construction";

Actual (P f) according to the calendar plan.

2 Coefficient of duration of construction K pr

3 Labor intensity of general construction works, man-days.

4 Labor intensity per 1 m 3 of the building, man-days, is determined by the ratio of the total labor intensity to the building volume of the building.

5 Coefficient of uneven movement of workers, K lane £ 1.5.

6 Coefficient of overlapping construction processes in time, K s

K c => 1 (8)

where P pos is the duration of work on the object (the sum of column 7 in the schedule)

P actual - the actual duration of work according to the schedule

Graphic design of the calendar plan and explanatory note

The construction schedule of the facility is drawn up on a sheet of Whatman paper in A1 format. First, it is necessary to determine the standard construction period according to SNiP 1.04.03-85 * "Standards for the duration of construction".

After the statement of calculating the labor intensity and the cost of machine time, they begin to design the schedule.

The layout of the graphic material on the "Schedule" sheet is shown in Figure 3.

The size of the columns of table 6 of the schedule is arbitrary, but it must be remembered that column 11 occupies most of the sheet and depends on the duration of construction according to the standard (two, three, etc. months). Having filled in the calculated part of the plan, draw the graphic part.

Design experience has shown that this document is the most time consuming to execute, therefore it is important to rationally distribute your work so as not to disrupt the timely defense of the course project.

The explanatory note of this document begins with the definition of the standard construction duration. The following is a sheet of calculation of the volume of work (earth, stone, installation, etc.) with intermediate calculations.

Figure 3. - Scheme of placement of graphic material on the "Schedule" sheet

The statement of labor costs and machine time is also given in the explanatory note.

The choice of production methods contains a brief description of the technology of the processes performed, from preparatory work to landscaping. The construction process, considered in the technological map, cannot be described, just a reference to it is enough.

The calculation of the TEP completes the explanatory note to the schedule.

5.3 Composition, content and procedure for the development of a technological map.

The practical implementation of the building project is carried out with the obligatory observance of a certain technological sequence for the construction of an engineering structure, which, with the maximum technological study of construction processes, is set out in technological maps (TC).

Technological maps are a technically and technologically regulated document that provides rational decisions on the organization and technology of construction production and a high level of quality.

Technological maps are developed according to a unified scheme recommended by the instructions of the Central Research Institute for Organization, Mechanization and Technical Assistance in Construction (TsNIIOMTP). According to the "Guidelines for the development of technological maps in construction", the technological map consists of 6 sections:

Section 1. Scope

The section contains:

The name of the technological process, structural element or part of the building;

Nomenclature (composition) of types of work covered by the map;

Name of building materials;

Dimensions and weight of elements;

Characteristics of the conditions and features of the production of work, adopted in the map.

Section 2. Technology and organization of work performed

The section contains:

Requirements for completeness of preparatory and previous work;

Requirements for the production technology of work, indicating the composition, sequence and methods of performing technological processes;

Guidelines for the organization of workplaces;

Breakdown of the building into grabs and tiers;

Technological schemes for the production of work in the form of a plan and section of the structural part of the building on which the work provided for by the TC will be performed.

The diagram should indicate the arrangement of machines, mechanisms and equipment, means of paving, storage and reception areas for concrete (mortar), access roads, hazardous areas of work.

Section 3. Requirements for quality and acceptance of works

The section contains:

Requirements for the quality of supplied materials and products, a list of tools and devices for quality control of structures and materials;

Operational quality control schemes;

The list of technological processes subject to control, indicating the subject of control, the method and tool of control, the time of the control, the person responsible for the control;

The control form can be supplemented with an axonometric diagram of the control object indicating the places where deviations are measured.

Section 4. Occupational safety and health

The section provides the following information:

Occupational health and safety solutions;

Diagrams indicating the fencing (boundaries) of hazardous areas, warning notices and signs;

Safe work rules when performing work processes;

Paving means and personal protective equipment.

Section 5. Resource Requirements

The section contains:

List of machines, mechanisms and equipment with specification of technical characteristics, types, brands, quantity per link;

The list of technological equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures with an indication of GOST, TU, etc.

A statement of the need for materials, products and structures for the performance of the stipulated scope of work (the nomenclature and quantity of materials, products is determined according to the building project); the consumption of materials required to obtain a meter of the final product is determined on the basis of the general production rates of consumption of materials in construction ("Collections of elementary estimate rates").

Section 6. Technical and economic indicators

The section contains:

Duration of work execution (in shifts, days);

Standard labor costs of workers (labor intensity) (man-days) and machine time (machine-shifts);

Calculation of labor costs and machine time, in which the volume of work is determined by the adopted meter of the final product (m 3, m 2, pcs). The work processes are presented in a technological sequence.

The work schedule, drawn up for the adopted meter of the final product using the calculation data. The schedule is drawn up for the construction process, based on an eight-hour working day.

The technological map is developed in the following sequence:

Study of working drawings of the object;

Choose a method of performing work with an analysis of options;

They outline the correct technological sequence of work and carry out explanatory drawings and diagrams;

Calculate the amount of work for a given construction process;

Determine the complexity of this type of work;

Draw up a work schedule;

Determine the need for material and technical resources;

Develop measures for a safe method of performing work;

Duration of days (4) = Labor intensity of days (1) / (Number of workers (2) * Number of shifts (3))

Based on the schedule for the production of work on the object, schedules of changes in the required number of workers over time are drawn up. When scheduling the movement of the labor force, it is necessary to strive for the uniformity of the movement of workers, which ensures the continuous and even use of work teams; conditions are created to reduce the cost of economic and administrative services to workers.

An objective indicator of the quality of the workers' movement schedule is the coefficient of unevenness of the movement of workers - K, which is characterized by the ratio of the maximum number of workers N max to the average number of workers N cf during the construction period:

K1 = Nmax / Ncp = 97/48 = 2.02

To determine the average number of workers, it is necessary to know the total labor intensity, man-days, spent on the construction of the facility, as well as the construction period - (determined by the network schedule and equal to the length of the critical path):

Ncp = Tr / Pr = 5200/136 = 38

The K values should be 1.5 ... 1.7. With a larger value of K, the object's calendar plan must be revised and an opportunity must be found to reduce the value of this coefficient.

If there are short-term peaks and valleys on the graph, it is necessary to optimize it. The procedure is carried out on the basis of the identified private time reserves for the work of the network schedule. To smooth out peaks and troughs, it is necessary either to move the work, or to increase their duration within the framework of a private reserve of time with a decrease in the number of teams in these works. Particular attention should be paid to checking the optimized schedule: the area of the graph plot before and after optimization should be the same, since during optimization the complexity of the object's construction remains unchanged.

Designing a building master plan

1.1. Principles and basic provisions for the design of a building plan

A construction master plan is a general construction plan, which, in addition to existing and projected permanent buildings, structures and communications, shows temporary buildings and devices: mechanized installations, material warehouses, temporary administrative, utility and domestic buildings, temporary water supply and sewerage networks, power grids, steam communications and compressed air, roads inside construction vehicles.

As part of the PPR, a construction master plan is developed for a separate building (structure) and for the implementation of certain types of construction and installation work and special works, depending on the design object. For complex buildings (structures), a phased construction planning plan can be drawn up (at various stages and stages of construction, certain types of work).

Initial information for the development of a construction plan:

· Stroygenplan as part of the POS;

· Comprehensive network schedule or work schedule;

· Technological maps.

When designing building master plans, the following rules apply:

1. Temporary facilities and temporary communications should be located in areas not intended for construction with permanent buildings and structures;

2. Distances from the place of storage of construction materials to the place of their installation and the number of overloads within the construction site should be minimal.

3. The estimated cost of temporary buildings, structures, devices and communications should be the lowest.

4. It is necessary to provide the most rational living conditions for all construction workers.

5. Compliance with the rules of labor protection, fire safety is mandatory for all employees.

The design of the construction plan is carried out taking into account certain provisions:

It is necessary to show the location of all assembly mechanisms, lifts with their binding, dimensions to the axes of the object under construction; crane runways, temporary assembly roads; parking, working and hazardous areas of cranes.
Temporary buildings and structures are placed outside the dangerous areas of the mechanisms on the site that are not subject to building by the main objects, in compliance with fire safety rules and regulations. To determine the locations of temporary structures, it is necessary to determine the nomenclature of temporary buildings and structures, as well as their standard indicators.

The office of the foreman or foreman should be located closer to the object under construction, and the utility rooms - near the entrance to the construction site, while they should be at a distance of at least 50 m from technological objects that emit dust, harmful vapors and gases.

The first-aid post is located in the same block with utility rooms and no further than 800 m from workplaces.

Shelters from solar radiation and atmospheric precipitation are installed directly at workplaces or at a distance of no more than 75 m from them.

Rooms for heating workers should be located at a distance of no more than 150 m from workplaces. Food points should be removed from toilets and waste bins and at a distance of at least 25 m and no more than 600 m from workplaces. The distance from toilets to the most remote places inside the building should not exceed 100 m, to workplaces outside the building - 200 m.

On the construction site, there should be a place for rest and smoking of workers, and there should also be shields with fire-fighting equipment.

Buildings and structures for industrial purposes are recommended to be placed taking into account the following rules:

1. The area of the enlargement assembly, open storage of materials, structures and equipment - in the area of operation of the cranes, while heavy elements - closer to the building under construction;

2. Workshops, closed warehouses and sheds - along the fences with the provision of normal entrances;

3. Warehouses of fuels and lubricants - at a distance of 40 ... 50 m from the main structure and residential buildings;

4. Fire-prevention gaps between temporary buildings and structures must be at least 15 m, in cramped conditions it is allowed to block them.

The placement of on-site warehouses should be carried out taking into account the location of the lifting mechanisms and the routing of underground utilities. All warehouses must be at least 0.5 m from the edge of the road. The width of the warehouse is set depending on the parameters of the loading machines. The length of the warehouse depends on the size of the unloading front. The dimensions of the storage areas are determined in accordance with the norms for the storage of materials. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid unnecessary overloading of warehouses with materials, structures and products and take into account the possibility of re-using warehouses for placing other types of materials, structures and products.
Temporary internal roads have a width: for one-way traffic - 3.5 m, for two-way traffic - 6 m, the minimum radius of curvature is 12 m. 12 ... 19 m. Similar sites are arranged near on-site warehouses. When designing temporary works, the minimum distances are: between the road and the storage area - 0.5 ... 1.0 m, between the road and the edge of the trenches - 0.5 ... 1.5 m. The type of coverage is determined depending on local conditions. It is unacceptable to place temporary roads over underground networks, as well as in the immediate vicinity of laid or to be laid underground utilities.
The distribution network of temporary water and energy supply must be designed after all their consumers are located on the construction plan. The fire-fighting (permanent) water supply network must be looped and fire hydrants are located on it at a distance of no more than 150 m from one another. The distance from the hydrants to the building should be 5 ... 50 m, from the edge of the road - no more than 2 m. Temporary transformer substations should be located in the center of electrical loads and no further than 250 m from the consumer. To illuminate the premises and the construction site, a temporary power grid independent of the power supply should be provided. The power lines are located outside the range of the cranes.
It is necessary to comply with the rules of environmental protection, the requirements of standards for dust and gas content of the air, cleaning of household and industrial wastewater, preservation of the soil layer, etc.

5.1 Determination of the areas of temporary buildings

The area of auxiliary buildings for various purposes S tr is determined by the formula:

S tr = 9360 * 97 = 907920

where S n - standard indicator of the area of buildings, m 2 / person; N - the number of employees in the most numerous shift, people.

Standard indicators for the area of temporary buildings and structures are shown in Table 4.

The composition of those working on the construction of the facility must correspond to the type of construction. In the calculations, the number of workers is taken according to the most numerous shift with an increase of 16% at the expense of students and trainees undergoing industrial practice. However, the calculation of office space is carried out according to the total number of engineers, employees and MOPs; the calculation of the areas of dressing rooms and dryers is made for the total (payroll) number of workers employed at different times at the construction site. The number of visitors to canteens and buffets is taken into account in a ratio of 3: 1 based on the number of workers in the most numerous shift, and it is allowed to organize meals in two or more shifts.

Temporary buildings are subdivided into mobile, container and collapsible types, depending on the construction period, respectively, up to 0.5 years, up to 1.5 years, over 1.5 years.

Table 7. Calculation of the area of temporary buildings and structures.