A prototype of the product. Prototype of the product The prototype must be fully functional

The number and nature of changes introduced into the design of machines predetermine whether it is necessary to manufacture a prototype machine. In cases where the changes affect the fundamentals of the design, such as a change in the kinematic diagram of the product, the layout, the basing of the main units, etc., it becomes necessary to check the design, for which a prototype of the product is made. In the same cases, when design changes affect only certain parts of the machine, such as any part of the machine or its basing, checking the drawings can be carried out by manufacturing this part of the machine and checking its operability.

Feedback from consumers is an equally important task. On the basis of the above, a primary concept of a new product is created, which needs verification. For this purpose, it is necessary to provide the consumer with the alleged product (prototype, detailed description new product) and reveal its attitude towards it, and maybe even conclude a contract for the supply of this product already at this stage of development. A proof-of-concept is an inexpensive tool to gauge the enthusiasm of potential customers who are asked to express their feelings about an image, written information, or even a verbal description of a future product before the very costly and time-consuming development of a new product begins. In this case, it is necessary to ask a number of questions, the answers to which can be very useful for the manufacturer. valuable information to reflection. The statement of the question should be simple, clear and extremely specific. For example, is it easy to understand the core idea of ​​a new product?

Most of the initiators, especially innovative projects, react rather painfully to the question of the availability of marketing research, believing that this is not their task, since they are confident in the high quality of their product (technology), and that they will immediately start buying it and in the amount that they plan to produce Initiator of the project. That is, the majority of initiators do not have a causal relationship, which should serve as the basis for the development of a new technology, a new product. The existing market forms quite definite requirements for the product, and the manufacturer of the product, if he wants to stay in this market, transforms these requirements through himself, taking into account the possibilities of existing or newly developed technologies. In most cases, a Russian developer of an idea (technology, product) does not know and does not want to know whether this technology (product) will be in demand on the consumer market. Under the conditions that until recently existed in the domestic market, this was not required of him. There was a system of centralized (state) orders, in which the circle of possible consumers and performers was determined by higher authorities. The contractor (technology developer) was given a task that was solved, but the industry turned out to be unclaimed. That is, the developed technology, the prototype did not receive commercialization. At the same time, the developer of the technology, the new product, was cut off from the process of selling the product on the consumer market. He didn't even always know exactly who would consume these products. Unfortunately, this situation still exists today. The initiator firmly believes that his development will find demand due to its uniqueness. However, he may be wrong. In the process of analyzing the project, its marketing part, it turns out that there are a number of firms on the market that produce similar products. At the same time, there are leaders in terms of price / quality, sales volume, and the initiator of the project, since he is just entering the market, is an outsider and, for a number of reasons, cannot vary the price parameters. This has a depressing effect on both the initiator and the investor.

The price of the product will be equal to the sum of materials + the cost of materials multiplied by a factor. Material consumption can be set by making a prototype. In this way, the calculation of the preliminary cost can be made in the shortest possible time.

In cases where the costs of manufacturing a prototype are included in the estimate for the preparation of production, they include the cost of materials and purchased components, wages of workers, shop floor and general plant costs, and the cost of manufacturing special equipment for the prototype. When determining the costs of a prototype, it should be borne in mind that factories supplying purchased components may, in turn, have to bear the costs of developing these new products.

To justify (and control) the costs of manufacturing a prototype, reporting data on the manufacture of a prototype of a similar product at this or another plant are used. A case is possible when the customer, in accordance with the contract, does not pay all the costs of manufacturing a prototype, but only its planned cost. In this case, the estimate for the preparation of production includes the difference between the costs and the amount of sales. In the case when a prototype is manufactured under an agreement with a customer and is paid by him, the cost of the sample includes all costs for manufacturing, development of working drawings of the sample, design of the technological process for manufacturing a sample, special tooling and testing.

Prospective development reflects the stage when the fundamental possibility of creating a product is proved and a prototype is manufactured.

After acceptance of prototypes The State Commission and approval of the act on acceptance of the product for serial production, the prototype or the first pilot batch of the product is included in the commercial products of the manufacturer at the serial production prices established for the sale of this product, and in the cost of the commercial products of the plant at the cost that corresponds to the conditions of serial production of the new product.

Testing a prototype product 4 8 8 Prototype assembled

Prototype product (prototype model, prototype)

In accordance with article 769 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under an agreement for the performance of research work, the performer undertakes to conduct scientific research due to the customer's technical assignment, and under an agreement on the performance of research and development and technological works- to develop a sample of a new product, design documentation for it or a new technology, and the customer undertakes to accept the work and pay for it.

The first batch of new machines is manufactured on the basis of a route technological process. The technological process is checked and refined, the future equipment is designed and the need for manpower, equipment, etc. is tentatively determined. On the basis of the route technological process, a prototype of the product is manufactured and assembled and presented to the acceptance committee. A prototype can also be demonstrated at special exhibitions in order to identify consumers of new technology and form a portfolio of orders.

characteristics of operational and technical-ko-ekoiomich. qualities of O. about. machines productivity power speed dimensions weight consumption of energy or fuel efficiency coefficient of efficiency ease of operation, maintenance, repair strength duration of service reliability in operation, etc. diverse consumer goods make specific requirements for each case, for example, to fabrics - beauty, strength, lightness, etc. Along with the high operational qualities of O. about. are characterized by the manufacturability of the design. O. about. undergo comprehensive tests under conditions as close as possible to the conditions of normal operation of the products. To O. about. especially critical products make requirements during testing,

Tests of the prototype are carried out in strict accordance with the approved program. The actual parameters of productivity, accuracy, reliability characteristics, etc. are carefully checked and measured, if possible. to be included in the prototype

For unique products, everything is simple. If the product is intended for serial production, several prototypes are made first. Their number may be different in most cases, the prototype is produced in a single copy. The Concorde aircraft was manufactured in two prototypes, aircraft engines usually worked out on the lead batch of up to 12 pieces, and cars new design - 100 and more copies.

The concept of a prototype product or prototype is more familiar than the concept of a prototype part discussed above. But it also changed its content. Previously, when it came to a prototype, they always had in mind a mock-up or a working sample of a product made by hand, which is long and very laborious. Now it is possible to create prototype products on the so-called ZV-printers based on computer simulation. Product under development in different types and sections can be disassembled, assembled and "twisted" on the monitor screen as much as you like, and then "printed" in the form of a real structure. Relatively inexpensive installations for rapid full-scale prototyping appeared (for example, Stratasys - plastic prototypes).

Unlike the practice of most branches of mechanical engineering, the annual plans of power engineering enterprises include all products to be mastered, since there are no pilot plants in this industry and the first sample of energy equipment manufactured by factories, with very few exceptions, is a product intended for industrial operation at power plants. The first copy of the new product is manufactured in the same shops of the turbine and boiler plants as the already mastered products.

Industrial model, often, confused with mock-up sample, experimental or prototype (all three concepts are used, but according to GOST R 15.201 there is only "experienced"), which are the results of scientific and technical activities and refer to material results in the implementation of experimental design work.

Speaking about an industrial design as an object of intellectual property, it is important to pay attention to a very common mistake typical for carrying out development work (R&D) and accounting for the results of such work. As a rule, OCD is carried out in several stages. These stages are described in GOST R 15.201-2000 “System of product development and launching into production (SRPP). Products for industrial and technical purposes. The procedure for the development and launch of products ", and in more detail in the military standard GOST RV 15.203-2001" System for the development and launch of products. Military equipment... The procedure for performing experimental design work on the creation of products and their components ", certain provisions of which are often used in the development of civilian products, in view of the fact that this document on standardization very accurately and consistently describes the entire development process.

At certain stages of the development work, such material results of scientific and technical activities as "prototype", "prototype", " experimental sample". Based on the names, it is quite obvious that often among this set of material values ​​in the perception of developers and chief designers, such a result of intellectual activity as an industrial design is accidentally found. The concepts are confused, and the consequences can be very unpleasant: for example, errors in accounting, or an unresolved issue legal protection product design.

This error is very common. It can even be said that it is typical for engineers to confuse an industrial design with a prototype / prototype / experimental design. The key difference is that an industrial design is the result of intellectual work , an artistic design (more related to design) solution that can be protected by a patent.

Industrial model- this is an idea of ​​the appearance of any product, which the designer and constructor aim to implement in future products. An industrial design, like all intellectual property items, is accounted for as an intangible asset (in accounting, when reflected on the balance sheet).

In turn breadboard / prototype / experimental sample - all this material values, things ... For a more detailed justification, it is necessary to provide well-known definitions:

• Breadboard sample- a term not found in regulatory documents, but often used in scientific and technical reporting and other documentation. A mock-up sample is understood as a mock-up - a simplified reproduction at a certain scale of a product or part of it, on which individual characteristics of the product are examined, and the correctness of the adopted technical and artistic solutions is assessed. The term "layout" is usually used for a model in which quantitative relationships between elements of a product are preserved and its individual properties are modeled, for example appearance(Recommendations. System of product development and launching into production. Terms and definitions Р 50-605-80-93)
• Experimental sample- a sample of products with the main features of products planned for development, manufactured in order to verify the proposed solutions and clarify individual characteristics for use in the development of these products. (Interstate standard GOST 15.101-98).
• Prototype - a sample of products made according to a newly developed working documentation for verification by testing compliance with its specified technical requirements in order to make a decision on the possibility of putting into production and (or) use for its intended purpose. (GOST 16504-81).

The main thing that needs to be understood when talking about mock / prototype / experimental sample - all these are material values, some samples of products being prepared for release, fully or partially possessing the properties and characteristics of future (developed) products, which are intended for demonstration, experiments or experiments.

There are known precedents when, when performing R&D under government contracts, getting confused precisely in these definitions, the developers tried to hand over prototypes of products to the state customer as objects of intellectual property, mistakenly referring them to the intangible intellectual results of work in the reporting documentation. Such errors, becoming the subject of public discussion, can significantly damage the developer's reputation, exposing his ignorance in intellectual property matters.