The Project 956 destroyer is fast. Domestic weapons and military equipment. Power plant and driving performance
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Apparently political decision it was accepted to upgrade the destroyers of project 956, and I could not stay away
The text and drawings of the modernization of Project 956 destroyers - below.
Defense Minister Russian Federation stared at the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. It was snowing outside the window and ... two conscripts. The report "On the results of the fulfillment of the state defense order for 2013 in the direction of the Navy" lay sadly on a polished side table between them.
Yes .. - said the minister. - Probably worse, but I have not heard of this. To summarize what I have read: The French are delaying the delivery of the Mistrals, USC has violated the deadlines for all orders without exception. Both corvettes (both Perfect and Stoic) were moved from 2013 to 2014, despite the fact that they were laid down in 2006. Frigates 11356 are also lagging behind - "Admiral Grigorovich" was moved to 2014, and the rest of the top three - from 2014 to 2015. But hardly whether they can withstand this too. According to the Glavkomat's estimates, the first three will most likely enter service in 2016 .. When the first frigate of Project 22350 will enter service, not to mention the subsequent ones, it is not at all clear. But it is clear that not even in 2014 and not in 2015. For new weapons - that trenchant. Universal artillery mounts (like the A-190 and A-192) do not fire in bursts. There is no air defense - there is no long-range naval air defense system in the project, from the medium-range naval air defense system there is only the name of the Redut air defense system, but the complex has never hit any target, and the short-range air defense system (not based on Shell, nor any other) does not exist and will not exist in the foreseeable future. From the workable - only Gibka (turret with MANPADS) and the good old AK-630. There are no torpedoes comparable in performance to world analogues. There is no electronic warfare. There are no modern non-nuclear submarines. There is no air-independent propulsion system, the date when it will be presented for state tests is not clear. Nuclear submarines there is, but they have nothing to shoot with (except Caliber). Mace failed 50% of launches in 2013. And even a banal repair is rarely complete without a fire. I'm right?
- in general, yes. confirmed by the Commander-in-Chief.
How much will you repair Peter the Great?
Five years. If the deadline is not disrupted
And if, as always?
Then ten. And according to Kuznetsov - as well.
Well, how will you carry out the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief to strengthen your presence in the Mediterranean Sea? Arctic and Pacific Ocean?
If they order it, we will do it. I will send minesweepers and IPC.
You still go tugs - the minister was indignant
What is there to do? - asked the Commander-in-Chief
Finally, having made up his mind, the minister took from the top drawer of the desk a letter on a fancy letterhead with hieroglyphs and handed it to the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy.
South Korean shipbuilding concern Hanjin Heavy Industries & Constructions Co. proposed to upgrade the destroyers of Project 956 in .. 14 calendar days before the variant of the destroyer-helicopter carrier, close to the Japanese DDH-143 Shirane
P ** w or provocation - the Commander-in-Chief immediately reacted
Not in the barracks - the minister who did not approve of profanity frowned - read on!
Further in the text of the letter, the Koreans reported that they were ready to manufacture and assemble new aft sections of the destroyer, including the propulsion system and propellers, within 3 months after receiving the advance payment, also providing foundations and cable routes for the subsequent installation of air defense systems at Russian facilities. The network schedule provided for the unloading of ammunition at the basing point by the Pacific Fleet, then the transfer of the destroyer to Busan, and after docking - dismantling the existing stern section and docking of the finished stern section. The period of this stage was 14 days, including mooring trials, but excluding sea trials. As a result, Russia received an attack destroyer-helicopter carrier on the move, albeit without self-defense air defense. If necessary, the Koreans were ready to leave the stern part for cutting into metal. or pressurized and towed to Vladivostok.
And what, a thought. The Hurricane air defense system and the Mosquito anti-ship missile system can be upgraded, and in the bow gun mount you don't need to touch anything, except for the OMS radar - they still won't do it better, or even break it. Only we will install anti-torpedo protection, say the same Packet-NK, and set off. Already we will master this in a year - the Commander-in-Chief smiled timidly.
I won't give you a year. If at the end of 2014 you do not commission at least two ships - I will remove them from office - the minister unexpectedly finished the conversation with pressure.
In the Main Command of the Navy, the proposal of the Koreans was considered in detail and, with regret, rejected. Firstly, there was still a need for new hydroacoustics, both towed and active, and with its production everything was not yet clear. In addition, of course, what to do in 2014 and design, and produce, and debug the hydroacoustics did not work out. And in general, the Russian Navy has had enough anti-submarine capabilities so far, in contrast to aircraft carriers. And to be honest, I didn't want to admit it, but the officers did not understand where the chimneys had gone
But the idea of turning a destroyer into a destroyer-helicopter carrier seemed to the Main Command of the Navy not devoid of a certain sense.
Firstly, it can be used for training purposes: the Navy has already received a part of the air group on the Mistral, helicopters are in hangars, and helicopter pilots have insufficient experience of flying over the sea.
Secondly, the destroyer-helicopter carrier is quite suitable for the role of fire support for the landing: the three Ka-52K helicopters will much better reinforce the landing marines than a small artillery ship with a 100 mm cannon, or even with a multiple launch rocket system. For the actual transportation of the marines, the fleet already has a sufficient number of specialized landing ships, and when landing, the destroyer-helicopter carrier will successfully operate with them.
Thirdly, a destroyer-helicopter carrier with a strike missile system will be quite in place if it is politically necessary to ensure a presence Russian fleet off the coast of Syria or in the region of the Kuril Islands.
During the discussion, the name of the resulting class of ships was formed - an attack helicopter carrier.
The tender for the draft design of the attack helicopter carrier was held in three weeks, and for some reason the design bureau of the MSTU named after Bauman won it, which a week after the signing of the contract presented the customer with the finished sketch. Such a record time was caused by the fact that the Bauman people actually drew the project from the moment the competition was announced, and after the contract was signed, they only added a few strokes to the drawing. The ship received two AK-630M-2 "Duet" artillery mounts and 8 drum launchers of the Kinzhal air defense missile system, as well as the PLO / PTZ Paket-NK complex
The author considered the advantage of the project to be its cheapness and speed of implementation (all weapons were stored in the arsenals, where they were transported at the time of the disarmament of the ships of the fleet in the 90s). At the same time, weapons manufacturers were happy to modernize both the Uragan air defense system, the Moskit anti-ship missile system and the Dagger air defense system, promising for relatively modest money new electronics with increased reliability and lower power consumption and new missiles with anti-jamming missiles and increased range.
Like the Japanese destroyer-helicopter carrier DDH-143 Shirane, Project 956B assumed a permanent air group of 3 helicopters (for example Ka-52K or Ka-29), or could instead carry 3-4 containers with launchers of universal missiles of the Caliber family (for them the movement used rail tracks).
Altair begged to allow them to replace Hurricane with Shtil-1 with a VPU, and Mosquito to the level of Moskit-MVE. Kupol went farthest, and promised not only to modify the Kinzhal air defense system to match the Tor-M2 level, but also to replace the outdated under-deck drums with a modern vertical launcher, although, of course, not in 2014.
Unfortunately, the tight deadline did not give an opportunity to carry out a serious modernization - they limited themselves to new missiles and new control systems for all three systems, but at the same time they paid for Kupol to develop a vertical launcher. In the end, it was the Tor-2 family that earned respectful reviews from ground missilemen, and by 2015 the fleet could well hope for a new air defense system based on it.
In March 2014, according to the approved draft design (it was named 956B), the Main Command of the WWII held a tender for the detailed design and modernization of two lead ships. A well-known shipbuilding company won the tender in April. Towards the end of April "Boevoy" and "Burny" arrived there in tugboats. On June 1 (a month after the signing of the contract), the company was unexpectedly visited by an officer of the General Inspection under the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, and reported that the company had received an advance payment, and had not actually started work on detailed design or reconstruction. We limited ourselves only to sandblasting a small fragment of the hull.
A scandal erupted, as a result, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy held a second tender, but not among shipbuilders, but among ordinary construction companies, which was won by the Moscow LLC, widely known in narrow construction circles.
In July, Muscovites were promptly brought to the shipbuilding enterprise (the dock of which was transferred to operational management by order from above) an international team of builders (the Macedonian foreman managed the Belarusian slingers, Ukrainian welders, Tajik locksmiths and Moldovan painters). The main one (who has a fashionable in Moscow circles, but an incomprehensible position of the project manager) quickly agreed with the crane operators of the local shipyard on a part-time job for a healthy increase in the payment, with the checkpoint and the First Department - on the admission of people at night and painted a schedule for the arrival of cylinders with oxygen and propane ... The "Muscovites" did not have any super-sophisticated back welding units, but there were ordinary gas-cutting machines. But there were many of them, and the workers worked 12 hours a day, seven days a week. By the end of the third week, dismantling work on the ship was completed. Everything that was needed was cut off from the destroyer, and some extra bulkheads. However, having found out from the customer's representative what the mistake was, they promptly welded it back on.
The observer from the Navy, having examined the quality of welding, thought about the topic “shouldn't the Muscovites, in addition to dismantling, also offer reconstruction, but then a new factor came into play.
In July, the shipyard's chief engineer was firmly convinced that Muscovites would screw up and that the fleet would crawl to his knees. But at the beginning of August he felt .. as a man's insult. How is it - illiterate Uzbeks can do so quickly, but he is weak? Chief Engineer went on to the principle, and achieved his goal - by September, the propulsion units were replaced (they began to be manufactured in January 2014 under a separate contract), by October they completed the chimneys and helicopter hangars, assembled Packet-NK and launched the ships into the water.
Finally, in November 2014, the installation of the Kinzhal air defense system and 30-mm artillery guns was completed.
On the last day, when the ice conditions still allowed for sea trials, they were successfully carried out, and with incompletely debugged systems "conditionally" "Battle" and "Burny" were accepted into operation.
In fact, in the winter of 2014/2015, commissioning continued on the ships that were formally commissioned, but in the spring of 2015, both attack helicopter carriers went to sea and started tasks K-1 and K-2.
During 2015, according to the proven technology, the "Fast" and "Rastoropny" were modernized.
By the beginning of 2016, happiness came - the missilemen had modified the vertical launcher of the Kinzhal air defense system and convinced the fleet to replace the Uragan air defense system with the Shtil-1. The honor of becoming the first attack helicopter carriers with vertical launchers of both air defense systems was awarded to Fearless and Thundering.
In 2017, among other things, the remaining three destroyers changed Mosquito for universal inclined launchers of the Kalibr missile system. So the "Restless", "Persistent" and "Admiral Ushakov", which changed their name to "Fearless", were re-commissioned.
Application:
Destroyer project 956:
Frigate of project 11356:
Project 956 destroyers are Soviet destroyers of the third generation, the construction of which lasted from 1976 to 1992. The ships of this project were the last destroyers built in the USSR. Project 956 code is "Sarych", NATO called them Sovremenny class destroyer - after the name of the first ship of this series, destroyer "Sovremenny".
The construction of the ships of the project 956 was carried out at the plant number 190 im. Zhdanov in Leningrad, the Russian Navy was already the customer of the last ships of the series. Today, the Russian fleet includes six Sarych destroyers: three are in service, two are in reserve, and one more ship is undergoing scheduled repairs.
After the collapse of the USSR, the laying of new ships of the project 956 "Sarych" was stopped due to insufficient funding, two ships were completed for the Navy of the People's Republic of China under the export project 956-E (1997-2000), in the zero years more were manufactured for the Chinese two "Sarychs" on the modernized project 956-EM.
It was originally planned that Project 956 destroyers would become the most massive not only in their class, but throughout the entire Soviet fleet. In total, it was planned to build about fifty of them. All in all, 17 destroyers of the Sarych project entered service with the Soviet Navy (and then Russia).
History of creation
A destroyer (destroyer) is a class of multipurpose high-speed maneuverable ships capable of solving a large number of combat missions: fighting submarines, destroying aircrafts enemy (including missiles), work on enemy surface ships, cover ship formations and escort convoys. Also, destroyers can be used for landing operations, carrying out patrol and reconnaissance services, setting minefields.
The first destroyers appeared at the end of the 19th century. At that time, their main task was to destroy enemy destroyers with the help of powerful artillery weapons. The prefix "squadron" meant that these ships could operate as part of a ship formation in the sea or ocean zone.
Destroyers were actively used during the First and Second World War. The wide range of tasks that these ships could solve significantly increased their importance in the fleet. The displacement of modern destroyers is approximately equal to the cruisers of the Second World War, but much more powerful than them. The role of destroyers has grown even more after the appearance of missile weapons.
In the early 60s in the USSR begins active development surface fleet. In the 50s, a large number of large surface ships were disposed of, the main emphasis was placed on the submarine fleet and missiles. This was a clear mistake.
In the 60s, the USSR Navy becomes oceanic, in front of it was put whole line new tasks: protection of patrol areas of Soviet missile submarines, tracking strategic enemy submarines, detection and reconnaissance of enemy aircraft carrier groups, control of sea communications, foreign policy actions.
For such tasks, aircraft carriers would be best suited, but their construction was very expensive. Large anti-submarine ships (BODs) became the Soviet alternative to aircraft carriers, but they had to be covered with escort ships, which were sorely lacking. In addition, the destroyers that were in service with the USSR Navy at that time were already considered morally obsolete. Ships of projects 3-bis, 56, 68-K and 68-bis did not have missile weapons and could not on equal terms withstand their foreign counterparts... Especially clearly all of the above was shown by the large ocean maneuvers "Ocean", carried out in 1970.
The Soviet fleet needed a modern destroyer with powerful artillery and missile weapons and capable of operating both as part of naval groupings and independently.
The creation of such a ship was envisaged in the shipbuilding program for 1971-1980, which was adopted in 1969. The military wanted the new destroyer to be able to take part in amphibious operations, destroy small targets on the shore, suppress the enemy's anti-amphibious defense, and provide air defense in the landing zone. The future destroyer was called the "assault support ship". The destroyer of Project 56 was chosen as its prototype, so the new project was assigned the number 956.
Work on the creation of a new destroyer started in 1971 and moved forward rather slowly.
The fact is that the customers changed the purpose of the ship several times right during the design process. The program for the creation of American destroyers Spruance, the first truly multipurpose ships of the US Navy, had a strong influence on the Soviet military. It was the appearance of such a program among the Americans that contributed to the transformation of the "assault support ship" into a multipurpose destroyer.
In addition, the Project 956 destroyers were planned to be used in conjunction with the Project 1155 BOD. Soviet strategists believed that together they would be more effective than a pair of American destroyers Spruance.
The preliminary design of the new ship was developed by the Leningrad Central Design Bureau-53 (Severnoye PKB). In the course of the work, the designers were assigned more and more new tasks, the options for the ship's armament and the type of its power plant were constantly changing. The developers limited the capabilities of the shipyard. Zhdanov, where they planned to build new destroyers: its length should not exceed 146 meters, and its width - 17 meters.
In total, thirteen variants of pre-sketch projects were made, all of them were carefully studied in terms of combat effectiveness and cost.
As a result, the following requirements were put forward for the future destroyer:
- steam turbine power plant (EP);
- the presence of anti-ship missiles "Mosquito" in the armament;
- SAM "Uragan";
- placement of a helipad for the Ka-252 on the deck of the ship;
- the presence of gun mounts AK-130.
The draft design was approved by Admiral Gorshkov at the end of 1972. However, after that, changes continued to be made to the project. The steam-turbine power plant was replaced by a boiler-turbine one, which is recognized by many experts as a rather unfortunate decision.
SJSC Platina was chosen as the main hydroacoustic complex of the future destroyer. It was not possible to install the more advanced Polynom complex on the Sarychi due to the significant mass and dimensional characteristics of the latter.
For this reason, the ships of Project 956 could not come close to the capabilities of the ASW of the American destroyer Spruance, but the Soviet ship was significantly superior to its opponent in terms of artillery power.
The result of all the modifications and changes was an increase in the ship's displacement by a thousand tons. The development of the destroyer 956 project cost the Soviet budget 165.6 thousand rubles.
On November 1, 1973, the design of a new ship began, the next year with the shipyard named after. Zhdanov, an official contract was concluded for the construction of ships. The cost of detailed design was 2.22 million rubles.
In June 1975, construction began on the first ship of Project 956, the Sovremenny destroyer. The Sarych project was completed in 1993, when the last ship from this series was accepted by representatives of the Russian Navy.
Initially, in 1976, it was planned to build from 32 to 50 destroyers "Sarych", that is, the 956 project was to become one of the most massive in history Soviet fleet... In 1988, the number of ships was reduced to twenty units. However, a total of 17 destroyers of this project were transferred to the Soviet and Russian fleets. On average, each Project 956 destroyer took four years to build.
There was an attempt to establish production at the 61 Kommunar shipyard in Nikolaev. They even began to build a new boathouse and received documentation from the Northern Design Bureau, but in 1986 this idea was abandoned, and two already laid down destroyer hulls were mothballed.
Until the collapse of the Soviet Union, 14 Project 956 destroyers were transferred to the navy, and three more ships were being completed for the Russian navy ("Restless", "Persistent" and "Fearless").
The construction of the ships of the project 956 "Sarych" was carried out using the sectional hull assembly method. The cost of one destroyer (at the time of the construction of the lead and two subsequent ships) was more than 90 million rubles. The cost of building subsequent ships has dropped to 71 million rubles.
The destroyer 956 project was created exclusively for the needs of the Soviet Navy. It was the newest ship, and no one was going to sell it abroad. However, after the collapse of the USSR, the situation changed: insufficient funding forced to look for customers on the side. In addition, by the beginning of the 90s, the weapons of the Sarychs were somewhat outdated.
In the mid-90s, an export modification of the destroyer, 956E, was created. In 1999, the first Sarych entered the Chinese Navy. It is armed with anti-ship missiles with a slightly longer range (up to 200 km), instead of four AK-630s, it has two Kashtan missile and artillery complexes, there is no stern artillery installation, but a full-fledged helicopter hangar is equipped. The displacement of the ship has been slightly increased. Until 2006, four Project 956E and 956EM destroyers were built for China.
Description of construction
Domestic and foreign researchers of the history of the fleet note that almost all warships created in the "Severny PKB" have a characteristic "spectacular" appearance. Project 956 is no exception. In the descriptions of the appearance of the destroyers of this project, the definitions "aggressive", "ominous", "expressive" are often used. And this can hardly be considered an accident.
Warships are not only an instrument of warfare at sea, they are also a serious geopolitical instrument, a symbol of the power of the country whose flag they represent. The navy is a means of political persuasion and influence, a demonstration of the achievements of the country's scientific and technological development and the might of its economy.
Naturally, "expressiveness" external appearance the ship should not reduce its combat effectiveness. However, this is all right for the ships of Project 956: most experts believe that the destroyers of this series are an example of an excellent combination of high functional qualities and aesthetic perfection.
Destroyers "Sarych" have a long-deck structure with a sheer bow. The shape of the hull reliably ensures that the deck is not flooded and that the ship's artillery armament can be fired at optimal angles. The hull contours provide non-flooding at sea waves up to 6-7 points. The deck elongation ratio is 8.7. The hull of the ship is made taking into account the requirements of reducing the radar signature of the ship, although it should be noted that the destroyers "Sarych" do not belong to "stealth ships".
In the forward part of the hull, in the under-keel bulb, there is an antenna for the Platina State Joint Stock Company.
The destroyer's side sail area is 1700 m2. The decks are placed parallel to the waterline, which simplified the installation of equipment during construction and made the Project 956 destroyers more technologically advanced.
Fifteen main bulkheads divide the ship's hull into sixteen watertight compartments. Ships of the project 956 have six decks: the second, third and upper decks, a forecastle deck, two platforms, one of which smoothly goes into the flooring of the second bottom. The main hull structures, reinforcements and foundations are made of low alloy steel. Two longitudinal bulkheads are located from the stern to the engine room, they provide additional rigidity to the stern of the ship. The destroyer's frames have significant camber, which increases the ship's stability.
The destroyers of Project 956 have high seaworthiness (unlimited seaworthiness). Sailors can use onboard weapon systems in rough seas of up to five points. The vessels are equipped with roll stabilizers. In rough seas of six points, the destroyers are capable of developing a speed of up to 24 knots.
The superstructures of the ships of Project 956 are made of aluminum-magnesium alloy, they are connected to the hull and decks with rivets.
The ship's superstructure can be conditionally divided into two large blocks: bow and stern. The bow ends with a foremast, and the stern consists of a block with a chimney and a movable hangar on which the mainmast is located.
The standard displacement of the destroyer is 6500 tons, the total displacement is 7940 tons, with an overload - 8480 tons.
The power plant of the Project 956 destroyers consists of two GTZA-674 boiler and turbine units (total capacity 100 thousand hp), located in two engine rooms - fore and aft. It should be noted that the Sarychi are the only third-generation warships in the world with a boiler-turbine power plant.
The turbo-gear unit has a control system that is capable of adjusting the rotational speed in different operating modes of the unit. Each of the engine rooms contains two boilers and a steam turbine. More reliable boilers KVG-3 were installed on all destroyers, starting with the seventh ("Resistant"). Despite this, the boilers are called the weakest point of the ships of this series. They are very demanding on the supplied water, they often fail.
The water treatment system installed on the ships of the project does not properly ensure the quality of the water, which led to the rapid deterioration of the boilers. Unlike nuclear submarine missile carriers, it is open, that is, it communicates with atmospheric air.
The experience of using high-pressure boilers has shown that the domestic fleet (both Soviet and Russian) is not yet ready to switch to such power plants.
In addition to the main ones, the ship's power plant also includes an additional emergency boiler, which can give 14 thousand kg of steam. The destroyer has two shafts and two low-noise propellers. The maximum speed of the ships of this project is 33.4 knots. The fuel reserve is 1.7 thousand tons, which provides a cruising range of 3900 nautical miles.
The steering unit consists of a hydraulic machine and a semi-balanced steering wheel.
Destroyers of project 956 are equipped with two steam generators (total capacity 2500 kW) and two diesel generators (600 kW each), which provide the ships with electricity.
Under normal conditions, the number of the crew is 296 people, including 25 officers and 48 warrant officers. In wartime, the ship's crew increases to 358 people. The Sarych destroyers have created comfortable living conditions for the crew: there are single and double cabins for officers, and double and four-bed cabins for warrant officers. The sailors are accommodated in sixteen cabin rooms, 10-25 people each. One person has more than three square meters of living space.
On board there is a separate mess-room for officers' meals, one more is intended for midshipmen's meals and several canteens where sailors take food. There are several showers and a sauna on board. The crew has a library, a cinema room, cable TV, and there is even a prefabricated pool.
All living and working areas of the destroyer are equipped with an air conditioning system, which provides comfortable working conditions for the crew in the temperature range from -25 ° C to +34 ° C. It should be noted that the Project 956 destroyers compare favorably with other Soviet and Russian-built ships in terms of crew living conditions.
The autonomy of the Sarych destroyers in terms of provisions is 30 days.
Armament
The anti-aircraft missile armament of the Sarych destroyers consists of the M-22 Uragan air defense missile system, which is a naval modification of the Buk complex. The ships of the latest construction are equipped with the Hurricane-Tornado air defense system. Two anti-aircraft missile launchers are located on the bow (forecastle superstructure) and aft (behind the landing area) of the ship. The mass of each air defense system is 96 tons, the total ammunition load is 48 guided missiles, which are located in the cellars on special drums.
The characteristics of the "Uragan" air defense system allow simultaneous fire at 4-6 targets at altitudes from 10 to 1 thousand meters and at a distance of up to 25 km. The capabilities of the Hurricane-Tornado air defense system are even more impressive: the maximum range of destruction is 70 km. The rate of fire is one rocket launch every 6-12 seconds. The probability of hitting an aircraft with a salvo of two missiles ranges from 0.81-0.96, a cruise missile - 0.43-0.86.
The destroyers of the Sarych project have powerful artillery weapons, consisting of two twin AK-130 artillery mounts (caliber 130 mm) and rapid-fire anti-aircraft artillery, which is the last line of the ships' air defense. Also, the destroyers' artillery armament includes the MP-184 multichannel fire control system, consisting of a radar, a laser rangefinder, a TV set and a ballistic computer.
Each gun mount has a mechanized ammunition supply, which allows it to fire at a rate of 30 to 90 rounds per minute at a distance of over 24 km. Each barrel has 500 rounds of ammunition, of which 180 are always ready for use.
Automation of the processes of loading and supplying ammunition allows you to fire until the ammunition is completely depleted.
The weight of one gun mount is 98 tons.
The rapid-fire anti-aircraft artillery of the Project 956 destroyers consists of two batteries of AK-630M automatic complexes. Batteries are located on each side of the ship and are designed to destroy cruise missiles at low altitudes. Each of the batteries includes two six-barreled gun mounts with a rotating block of barrels and a Vympel fire control system. The firing range of the AK-630M is 4 km, the rate of fire is 4,000 rounds per minute.
The main anti-ship weapon of the Sarych destroyer is the Mosquito anti-ship missile. On "Restless" and all subsequent ships of the project, a modernized complex "Moskit-M" was installed. Destroyers of Project 956 have two fixed launchers, each of which houses four Moskit anti-ship missiles.
The target engagement range for Mosquito is 140 km, and for Mosquito-M - 170 km. The missiles have a combat weight of 300 kg and develop in flight speeds up to M = 2.5-3. The ship can fire all eight missiles in just 30 seconds.
On the upper deck of the destroyers are two twin-tube torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber. Mine weapons are represented by two RBU-1000 rocket launchers, which can fire at a distance of 1,000 meters. The bombs are located at the stern of the ship. Their main task is to destroy enemy submarines at shallow depths in the immediate vicinity of the ship. The warhead of each of the jet bombs is 98 kg. Destroyers of project 956 can install barrage mines (up to 22 minutes can be taken aboard).
The destroyers of Project 956 do not have a permanent helicopter hangar, but a temporary, movable one is provided. The Ka-27 helicopter can be based there. The helipad is located almost in the center of the ship, so it is less affected by pitching.
The helicopter can be used for anti-submarine warfare, it can also conduct reconnaissance and give target designation for anti-ship missiles.
Several types of destroyers are installed on the Sarych destroyers radar stations: "Fregat", "Fregat-M" and "Fregat-MA". For over-the-horizon detection of enemy targets and target designation, the Most system is used; it can search at distances of up to 200 km. Target designation for the anti-ship missile system is issued by the Mineral system, it has both an active and a passive radar channel. The ship can receive target designation from aircraft or helicopters.
The destroyers of Project 9566 do not have an on-board information and control system; its functions are performed by the Sapfir-U environment tablet.
The ships of the project 956 are equipped with a complex of electronic warfare equipment, which includes electronic reconnaissance equipment and a jamming system, as well as passive and active countermeasures.
Destroyers of Project 956 have a well-thought-out survivability system. Around the potentially dangerous premises of the ship (cellars, engine room), fire compartments were created by strengthening the hull with steel structures.
There is a fire line with several pumps, volumetric fire extinguishing systems, foam extinguishing systems, water irrigation of descents and bulkheads. Also, the ship has systems for rapid irrigation and flooding of the cellars.
To eliminate the water threat, the ships of the project have: drainage, drainage and tank balancing systems. There is an external flushing system in case of contamination of external surfaces.
Armor protection (anti-fragmentation) is provided only for artillery mounts and anti-ship missiles "Moskit".
Ships of project 956 "Sarych"
| Name of the ship | Launch date | Write-off date | Notes (edit) |
| "Modern" | 18.11.1978 | 30.09.1998 | |
| "Desperate" | 29.03.1980 | 30.09.1998 | |
| "Great" | 21.03.1981 | 30.09.1998 | |
| "Discreet" | 24.04.1982 | 30.09.1998 | |
| "Irreproachable" | 25.06.1983 | 20.07.2001 | |
| "Combat" | 4.08.1984 | in 2010 | |
| "Persistent" | 27.07.1985 | 30.09.1998 | |
| "Winged" | 31.05.1986 | 30.09.1998 | |
| "Stormy" | 30.12.1986 | Under repair | |
| "Thundering" | 30.05.1987 | 18.12.2006 | |
| "Quick" | 28.11.1987 | As part of CTOF | Ship "Fast" is the oldest of the ships of the project, which is in service |
| "Quick" | 4.06.1988 | Decommissioned | At disposal |
| "Fearless" | 18.02.1989 | In reserve | |
| "Thundering" | 30.09.1989 | Decommissioned | |
| "Restless" | 9.06.1990 | In reserve DKBF | |
| "Persistent" | 19.01.1991 | As part of the DKBF | Flagship of the Baltic Fleet |
| "Admiral Ushakov" | 28.12.1991 | As part of KSF | |
| "Impressive" | 17.10.1987 | Cut into metal | |
| Hangzhou "Important" |
27.05.1994 | Part of the Chinese Navy | |
| Fuzhou "Thoughtful" |
16.04.1999 | Part of the Chinese Navy | |
| "Exuberant" | - | Construction stopped | |
| Taizhou "Impressive" |
27.04.2004 | Part of the Chinese Navy | |
| "Ningbo" "Eternal" |
23.06.2004 | Part of the Chinese Navy |
Characteristics
| Displacement, t: | |
| Standard | 6500 |
| Complete | 7940 |
| Dimensions, m: | |
| Length | 156,5 |
| Width | 17,19 |
| Draft | 5,96 |
| Max. speed, knots | 33,4 |
| Sailing range, miles: | |
| at a speed of 32.7 knots | 1345 |
| at a speed of 18 knots | 3920 |
| Autonomy, days | 30 |
| Crew, people | |
| peacetime | 296 |
| wartime | 358 |
| Main power plant | 2xGTZA-674 |
| Total power, hp with. | 100000 (2x50000) |
| Armament | |
| Impact missile | ASM "Mosquito" |
| Anti-aircraft missile | M-22 "Hurricane" |
| Artillery weapons | AK-130 |
| Artillery anti-aircraft weapons | AK-630M |
| Anti-submarine | 2xDTA-53, 2xRBU-1000 |
Project evaluation
Destroyers of Project 956 "Sarych" were created during the Cold War era, and their main opponent in the World Ocean was the American ship of a similar class Spruance. This destroyer of the US Navy and its characteristics had a great influence on the future appearance of "Sarich". There was a competition between the two superpowers and the Soviet admirals demanded that our ship was no worse.
The first thing that catches your eye is the difference in the power plants of the two ships. Moreover, the Spruance gas turbine power plant looks much more preferable both in terms of characteristics and in terms of its reliability. An American power plant can reach full capacity in twelve minutes, a Soviet destroyer needs an hour and a half.
Artillery armament, of course, is more powerful in the Soviet ship (it was originally designed as an assault support ship), but the American destroyer is superior to it in anti-submarine warfare capabilities. Initially, the Sarych possessed more powerful missile armament, but after modernization, universal launchers for Tomahawk missiles were installed on the Spruance, which gave the American a significant advantage.
However, the Arleigh Burke-class ships are currently the main US destroyer. This ship was designed in the mid-80s and is significantly superior to the ships of the 956 project in almost all respects. "Arlie Burke" is a fourth generation destroyer, so it is not very correct to compare it with "Sarych".
If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.
Of all the ships of the 3rd generation of the USSR Navy, the destroyers of Project 956 suffered the greatest non-combat losses. Of those laid down in 1976-1992. 22 corps (planned 50) were transferred to the fleet 17, and to this day only 10 survived in one state or another. Of these ten, three are in the combat composition of the Navy, two are in the technical reserve of the 2nd category, one is in frozen repair. and four are awaiting disposal.
Destroyer "Bystry" project 956 (diagram from the book by Y. Apalkov "Shock ships", 2010; click - 2500 pix.)
1. "Admiral Ushakov"
It is part of the constant readiness forces of the Northern Fleet. The youngest of the destroyers of Project 956 (21 years old) - transferred to the Navy on 12/30/1993 under the name Fearless, the flag was raised on 04/17/1994, renamed 04/17/2004 - on the day of its 10th anniversary. (Presumably, after the transfer of the name, the fate of the head TARKR pr. 1144 was finally decided). 06/20/2000-21/07/2003 the ship underwent factory overhaul (VTG) at the Zvyozdochka MP in Severodvinsk, which at that time was perceived almost as a miracle. After renovation. "Ushakov" twice went to the northeastern Atlantic. As part of the KAG. Headed by "Admiral Kuznetsov" -
23.09-21.10.2004. And. 23.08-14.09.2005. .There is information that the destroyer underwent dock repairs at the 35th shipyard at least once.
Probably the most fresh photo"Ushakova" (with a new number applied), January 2015 (from avsky from forums.airbase.ru)
The ship is still actively engaged in combat training, often goes to sea (unfortunately, now only in Barents and Novyezhskoe) - it took part in the Zapad-2013 exercise, in April 2014 it successfully passed K-2, in September - K- 3, March 16-21, 2015 was involved in an unscheduled check of the combat readiness of the forces of the Northern Fleet and the Western Military District. In 2015, the destroyer "will take part in a number of exercises Northern Fleet and to ensure the conduct of important measures as part of the USC in the Arctic zone. "The crew of" Ushakov "is 70% manned by contract soldiers. The commander of the ship is Captain 1st Rank Oleg Gladky.
2. "Fast"
It is part of the permanent readiness forces of the Pacific Fleet. The "oldest" of the combatant 956s (25 years old) - transferred to the Navy on 09/30/1989, the flag was raised on 10/28/1989. An invariable participant in tactical and operational-tactical exercises of the Pacific Fleet, in particular - 09.08-26.09.2013 OTU in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean (in the Okhotsk and Barents seas, off the coast of Kamchatka). 14.05-01.06.2014 made a trip to Shanghai to participate in the Russian-Chinese exercise "Sea interaction" (Joint Sea 2014) in the East China Sea (20-26.05) .. This trip became the longest for the destroyers of pr. 956 after a long break (since the time of the second Atlantic BS "Admiral Ushakov").
"Fast" in the Bosphorus-Vostochny Strait during a joint exit with the "Varyag", 07/08/2014 (photo pressa_tof, 2950 pix.)
July 15-19, 2014 "Bystry" was supposed to participate in the naval unit of the Russian-Indian exercise INDRA-2014. On 08.07 he together with the Varyag (and, possibly, with the Peresvet) went to sea for a dress rehearsal, but Admiral Vinogradov went to the Indra instead. During the Vostok-2014 command and control squadron (September 19-25, 2014), the Bystry, in tandem with the Rubezh missile defense system, launched a missile strike against surface targets at a distance of up to 120 km. 27-29.10.2014. the destroyer performed almost its main task as intended - it supported the amphibious assault landing at the Klerk training ground.
As of 04/03/2015 "Bystry" was undergoing repairs (VTG) at the Dalzavod Central Station. The previous visit to the CSD was only a year ago (16.02? -28.04.2014) - apparently, the notorious capriciousness of the SEU affects. The commander of the ship is Captain 2nd Rank Ruslan Petrachkov.
3. "Persistent"
Included in the combat strength of the Baltic Fleet in the status of the flagship of the fleet. In the series - the youngest after "Ushakov" (22 years old), transferred to the Navy on 12/30/1992, the flag was raised on 03/27/1993. In July 2008, he made a military-political cruise on the Baltic Sea, visiting Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Poland. Before this campaign (or immediately after it) there were serious problems from the power plant, which "decided" by rearranging the turbines from the drill "Restless". At the beginning of 2012, "Nastya" (naval nickname) underwent repairs (VTG) at the Yantar Shipyard (04.03 the ship was still there).
"Persistent" and "Restless" in Baltiysk, 08.10.2014 (photo by Drakon 64 from forums.airbase.ru, by clicking - 3640 px)
On September 4, 2013, information appeared that "Persistent" was urgently preparing for a march to the Mediterranean Sea in order to strengthen the operational unit operating there, but on September 12 the march was canceled. September 20-26, 2013, the destroyer took part in the Zapad-2013 command and control system, on the last day of which it supported the amphibious assault landing at the Khmelevka training ground. 10-20.06.2014. Was involved in the demonstration exercise of the Western Military District, as opposed to the NATO exercises Saber Strike and BALTOPS.
On 01/28/2015, the crew of the "Nastoichivny" began to work out the K-1 mission, after which the ship was supposed to go to the naval combat training grounds for K-2 testing. 03/18/2015 the destroyer went to sea as part of an unscheduled check of the combat readiness of the forces of the Northern Fleet and the Western Military District (March 16-21). The commander of the ship is Captain 1st Rank Alexander Morgen.
"Admiral Ushakov" in Severomorsk, 07.05.2010 (photo from sam7 from forums.airbase.ru)
"Ushakov" in the dry dock of the 35th shipyard (undated photo from the company's website)
"Fast" supports the landing during the exercise of the Pacific Fleet Marine Corps, 10/29/2014 (photo by pressa_tof)
"Quick". The launch of the 3M80 rocket of the Moskit complex during the Vostok-2014 command and control squadron, 09/23/2014 (photo fragment by pressa_tof)
"Persistent" goes to sea during an unscheduled inspection of the Northern Fleet and the Western Military District, 03/18/2015 (screenshot from the RT report)
The destroyer "Nastoichivy" at the shipyard "Yantar", 04.03.2012 (photo by I. Mikhailov from the submission of A_SEVER, sdelanounas.ru
"Restless", "Fearless", "Stormy"
The fate of the second trio of the 956s was different from that of the first. They have not gone to sea for a very long time, are served by reduced crews and have very vague prospects for the future. Nevertheless, the flag and jack are raised on them in the morning. do the tidy. refurbish paint. and even (at least on one of them) train and train personnel .. These are the ships of the technical reserve, from which, if you are lucky, you can return to service.
"620th" and a strong mooring line as a symbol of its current status (photo by chistoprudov dated 16.02.2012)
4. "Restless"
It is in the technical reserve of the 2nd category in Baltiysk - the main base (main base) of the Baltic Fleet. The third most "young" destroyer of Project 956 after "Admiral Ushakov" and "Persistent" (23 years old) - transferred to the Navy on December 28, 1991, the flag was raised on February 29, 1992. For a long time, along with the "Persistent" was a representative ship of the Baltic Fleet, in the role of which he regularly displayed the flag at international naval exercises in the Baltic and during visits to ports of European countries.
In the spring of 2004, during the next exit to the sea, the destroyer lost its speed and returned to the base in tow. The technical readiness of the ship was restored by personnel, after which the "Restless" went to sea in 2006 and, most likely, the last time, in 2007 (in the latter case, with artillery fire). According to other sources, the last exit took place in 2009, but this information cannot be considered completely reliable.
Soon "Restless" was completely immobilized - by order of the division commander (12th dna), the main engines were removed from it and transferred to the "Persistent". There is an assumption that this was done in the first half of 2008 so that the BF flagship, whose power plant was out of order, could complete the planned July cruise across Europe. This event determined the fate of "Restless" for many years to come.
"Restless" in Baltiysk, 01/26/2008 - possibly still on the move (photo by I. Mikhailov from navsource.narod.ru, 3050 pix.)
During 2012-2013. The media have repeatedly touched on the topic of the imminent high-tech and even modernization of the ship, and in some publications, the beginning of work was said as a fait accompli: "Repairs are being carried out in all areas, from navigational and electromechanical equipment to missile and artillery weapons and communications. .. We hope that by 2015 the destroyer "Restless" will answer the most modern requirements, presented to the warships of the Navy ".
At present, "Restless" performs the duties of a stationary training ship, preparing personnel for other, more modern and successful, BF ships. This can be illustrated by the example of the commander of an electronic warfare group of a destroyer, who from time to time is seconded for advanced training on a navigating ship (in particular, on the Boyky corvette). On the "Restless", his main duties are to lead the process of training personnel for the naval services of the electronic warfare of the Baltic Fleet.
5. "Fearless"
It is in the technical reserve of the 2nd category in Fokino - one of the bases of the Pacific Fleet (Abrek Bay, Strelok Bay). The destroyer is 24 years old. -. Transferred to the Navy on 28.11.1990, the flag was raised on 23.12.1990. Having served only 8.5 years, in the middle of 1999 (most likely in June) it was put into reserve due to the poor technical condition of the boilers and put on a joke in Vladivostok awaiting a medium repair (Yu. Apalkov). In 2002-2003 "Fearless" stood in Abrek.
"Fearless" (w / n 754) at the 1st pier in Fokino (undated photo from inquisitive808 from forums.airbase.ru). Next to it - the same type "Combat" and "Fast", behind - BDK pr. 1174 "Alexander Nikolaev", expelled from the Navy on 12/18/2006
Judging by the available photographs, at least from 02.10.2004 to 21.09.2005 the ship was tried to be repaired in Dalzavod, then towed back to Fokino, where it was spotted on 18.07.2007. There is information that at the end of October 2010 it was decided to continue repairing the destroyer in the nearby 30th shipyard (Danube town, Strelok bay). According to some reports, even the "boat" DVZ "Zvezda" took part in unsuccessful attempts to return the ship to service. Be that as it may, "Fearless" is still standing idle at the 1st pier in the Abrek Bay.
6. "Stormy"
It is under repair at the Dalzavod Central Station (Vladivostok). The oldest of the 956s, listed in the Navy (26 years old) - transferred to the fleet on 09/30/1988, the flag was raised on 10/16/1988. In 2003 he passed VTG at Dalzavod (04.08.2003 was there together with Bystry - link 12). In April 2004, during the exercise, the Pacific Fleet launched an anti-ship missile system, and on August 18-25, 2005, it took part in the Russian-Chinese exercise Peace Mission 2005 together with Shaposhnikov and Peresvet (link 14).
Destroyer Burny in Dalzavod, October 24, 2014 (photo by Alex omen from ru.wikipedia.org, by click - 2000 pix.)
It is generally believed that Burny was undergoing a prolonged renovation at Dalzavod in 2005, that is, shortly after the Peace Mission, but no official (or photo-) confirmation of this could be found. (the words executive director enterprises) that work on the ship began in September 2007. Since then, the destroyer has become a kind of architectural landmark of the plant.
They remembered the ship forgotten by God only in February 2013, when the St. Petersburg Kirov-Energomash (a subsidiary of the Kirovsky plant) began to repair the GTZA parts dismantled from the Burny. The units were to be repaired and delivered to Dalzavod before the end of the year. On October 24, 2013, the TsSD management announced the completion of the repair of the ship's electromechanical installation and the expected receipt from the customer (again, by the end of the year) of a technical assignment for the repair and modernization of the destroyer's weapons.
In 2014, there was no time for Burny. The progress of work on it can be judged by the appearance of the ship, which is for a year (from 20.09.2013 to 17.10.2014). has not changed at all. (see photo at the end of the entry) .. As for the repair of the power plant ,. then it is better to listen to an eyewitness (with copyright edits): "Until December 2013, he worked at Kirov-Energomash, which in Soviet times made 674 machines for Sarychs (pr. 956). The management of the Kirov plant liquidated blade production (without it, count , no turbine) and an assembly and welding workshop. Energomash is very bad: there are only three CNC machines in the workshops, and the rest are terrible rubbish. I saw a turbine from "Burny". Disassembled something, but never assembled, it's a fact. there are no people at the plant who remember how it is done. Over the past 20 years, the Kirov plant has not produced a single turbine. "
The quote does not cause much optimism, but it is not cited in order to whip up despondency. but only to understand the root causes of the 10-year long-term construction and the possibility of its completion in the near foreseeable future. The question concerns not only "Burny", but also "Restless" and "Fearless" - it is planned to consider it in the 4th part of this review.
Among other things, information from RussianShips.info was used.
"Restless" and "Persevering" in Baltiysk, 10/08/2014 (fragment of the Drakon 64 photo from forums.airbase.ru, clicked - 2690 pixels) When zoomed in. "Restless". looks pretty decent. -. Painted, with a brand new jack, all antenna posts are in place
Destroyer "Restless" with her younger brother - corvette "Smart", 16.02.2012 (photo by mannaz from newkaliningrad.ru)
"Fearless" and "Fighting", Fokino, 04/13/2014 (a fragment of a photo by Pim from forums.airbase.ru) - the freshest snapshot that could be found. Even from behind the tree, the main thing is clearly visible - the jack (the ship is part of the Navy) and the freshly painted side of the 754
"Fearless" before "repair", Fokino (7th pier), May 2003 (photo by Bull from fleetphoto.ru)
"Fearless" during "repairs" at Dalzavod, 02.10.2004 (photo by Amur73 from forums.airbase.ru via navsource.narod.ru)
"Fearless" after "repair", Fokino (7th pier), 18.07.2007 (photo by Mehanoid from forums.airbase.ru). Behind - BARZK "Ural"
"Fearless" is towed to the 30th shipyard (Danube), tentatively - October 2010 (photo from inquisitive808 from forums.airbase.ru)
"Burny" in "Dalzavod", 10/17/2014 (photo by VitTE from forums.airbase.ru, by click - 2240 pix.)
"Burny" in "Dalzavod" about a year earlier - 09/20/2013 (photo by Vitaliсus from fotki.yandex.ru). Find 12 differences :)
"Burny" with the PLA destroyer "Guangzhou" (type 052B, 6500 gross tons) during the Peace Mission 2005 exercise in the Yellow Sea, 08/23/2005 (photo from navsource.narod.ru, source: fyjs.cn) .– one of the extreme exits of "Burny" in the sea (hopefully not the last)
"Combat", former "Thundering", "Quick"
If the "Restless", "Fearless" and "Stormy" still have some (albeit insignificant) chances to go out to sea again, then the last four destroyers of the project 956 remaining in the flesh have nothing to hope for. They were excluded from the Navy, their crews were disbanded (instead of them there were detour watches or "layover" teams), the flags were deposited in the naval museums, and the names were transferred to other ships or reserved until better times. Now these are the monuments of the last era of timelessness in the Russian navy. Let's hope that it is the last one, and not the extreme one.
Looking at this photo, it is believed that for the Russian Navy all the worst is over, because it simply cannot be worse - the 12-year-old destroyer Stoyky, which sank on 04/06/1999 at the 1st pier in Fokino due to the plundering of the outboard fittings ( from A. Pavlov's book)
7. "Combat"
Excluded from the fleet, located in Fokino (1st pier) awaiting disposal. The oldest surviving destroyer, project 956 (28 years old), was handed over to the Navy on 09/28/1986, the flag was raised on 10/11/1986. ... The next year, "Combat" again took the prize in the same nomination, despite the fact that some of its boilers were out of order. .In 1997, boilers were repaired at Dalzavod. (Yu. Apalkov), and nevertheless in 1998 at the age of 11-12 the ship was put into reserve.
"Fighting" (w / n 720) and "Fearless" in Fokino, 02.07.2011 (photo from inquisitive808 from forums.airbase.ru)
According to available data, since then the destroyer did not leave its "eternal" anchorage at the 1st pier in Fokino, and on 12/01/2010 it was excluded from the fleet (russianships.info). "Due to the fact that the ship was used (disassembled) as a source of spare parts for the same type of Pacific Fleet destroyers" its technical readiness as of 03/11/2013 was estimated at no more than 20% of the "nominal" value. The fact of active use of "Boyevoy" as a spare parts and accessories donor is also confirmed by the reports of the participants of the well-known maritime forum.
8. "Thundering" (w / n 404)
Excluded from the fleet,. Is in Severomorsk (presumably, at the 5th pier). Pending scrapping .. The ship is 26 years old - transferred to the Navy on 12/30/1988, the flag was raised on 01/14/1989, renamed to "Thundering" shortly before the transfer to the fleet - 08/18/1988 (according to A. Pavlov - 09/14/1988),. before that it was called "Leading" .. 23.04-27.10.1994 underwent current repairs in the 35th shipyard with replacement of boiler tubes. In the period 03.1995-01.1996 periodically went to sea. In September 1996, due to the condition of three boilers (out of 4 standard ones), going out to sea was prohibited.
On 03/28/1997, the destroyer was removed from the permanent readiness forces to the technical reserve of the 2nd category in anticipation of a medium repair, 06/15/1998 the crew was reduced. On December 18, 2006, the ship was excluded from the fleet (russianships.info), although they were going to do it back in June 2005. 12/09/2007 the name "Thundering" was given to the same type "Unrestrained", and the welded letters were painted over with ball paint. It was used as a "donor" .. In 2013, the destroyer's hull leaked, which is why the ship had to be towed to Murmansk (in the 35th shipyard), where emergency repairs were made to seal (convert) the hull. 09/07/2013 the former "Thundering" was returned to its place.
Two former "Thundering" (404 and 406) at one pier, Severomorsk, July 10, 2014 (fragment of the Kai-8 photo from fotki.yandex.ru, 3250 pix.)
9. "Thundering" (w / n 406)
Excluded from the fleet, located in Severomorsk (at the same pier as w / n 404) awaiting disposal. The ship is 23 years old - transferred to the Navy on 06/25/1991 under the designation "Unrestrained", the flag was raised on 07/12/1991, renamed 12/09/2007. 04/14/1997 went to sea for a comprehensive check of combat readiness (possibly for the last time). In May 1998, he was transferred to the technical reserve of the 2nd category due to the need for docking, replacement of diesel generators and pipes on all boilers.
According to available data, on 12/01/2012 the destroyer was excluded from the fleet (link 3), the flag was launched (with subsequent transfer to the museum of the Atlantic squadron) on 05/01/2013. The dates given do not agree very well with the fact that on 02/01/2012 at Severnaya Verf the corvette "Gremyashchy" pr. 20385 was laid down, unless we assume that from the moment of the transfer of the name to the decommissioning the destroyer was listed in the Navy under the previous name - "Unbridled" (at least officially - according to the order of the commander-in-chief).
This happened, of course, not by malicious intent, but with the name "Thundering" the confusion turned out to be thorough. They tell an anecdote how "in one department people far from the Navy fell into a stupor when they were brought documents for the disposal of two" Thundering "at once. Meanwhile, on" 404 "and" 406 ", which continue to decorate the harbor Severomorsk, on holidays, the colors are still raised, and in some reports from the press service of the Ministry of Defense, the Guards destroyer "Gremyashchy" is still listed in the 43rd drk of the Northern Fleet.
10. "Agile"
Excluded from the fleet, located in the Military Harbor of Kronstadt, awaiting disposal. The ship is 25 years old - transferred to the Navy on 12/30/1989, the flag was raised on 03/23/1990. The last exit to the sea took place, most likely, on 08/20/1996, when of all the tasks of combat training, only artillery firing was performed, because due to the poor technical condition of the boilers, it was necessary to return to the base (in the future, going out to sea is prohibited). 12/31/1997 withdrawn to the second category shadow reserve, 01/18/1998 ammunition unloaded.
Rastoropny during towing from Severnaya Verf to Kronstadt, 09/16/2014 (photo by Aleksey Akentiev vs kuleshovoleg, 2560 pix.). One of the rare pictures of the destroyer pr. 956 with a hangar (shelter for a helicopter) in a working (extended) position
At the beginning of November 2000, having completed (in tow?) An inter-fleet transition, the ship arrived at the Severnaya Verf (St. Petersburg) for a mid-life repair. The renovation work began two to three months later and lasted for six months, after which it was curtailed due to the cessation of funding. Nonresident officers "by hook or by crook tried to escape from the plant back to the North ... The crew carried out minimal work on their own." Due to lack of funds, the renovation was frozen for a long 14 years (counting from the date of arrival).
According to some sources, the destroyer was decommissioned on 08/08/2012 (russianships.info), according to others, the documents for cancellation submitted for a long time as of 05/29/2013 were never signed. It must be assumed that the presence of an "outside" object in the water area of the enterprise and the lack of money for its repair annoyed the management of Severnaya Verf every year more and more, which became the reason for a legal battle between the Army and the Ministry of Defense. In the end, the problem with the "Rastoropny" was resolved - 09/16/2014. The ship was towed to the Military harbor of Kronstadt .. There are not quite reliable information that as of 12/20/2014 the aft tower had already been dismantled from it.
Among other things, information was used from RussianShips.info (ref. 18), from A. Pavlov's book "Destroyers of the first rank" (Yakutsk, 2000) and Yu. Apalkov's reference books "Ships of the USSR Navy", Volume II, Part I (St. Petersburg, 2003 ) and "Strike ships" (Moscow, 2010).
"Fighting" and "Fearless", Fokino, 04/13/2014 (a fragment of a Pim photo from forums.airbase.ru) - the freshest snapshot that we managed to find (a repeat from the 2nd part of the review). You can clearly see the absence of jacks on the "Combat" and its extremely neglected state.
B / n 404 (formerly "Thundering") is towed from Murmansk to Severomorsk after conversion to the 35th shipyard, Kola Bay, 09/07/2013 (photo by R_G from forums.airbase.ru, clicked - 4320 px). When zoomed in, filled letters of the name are visible
"Thundering" in the 35th shipyard (undated photo from the company's website). Most likely, this is w / n 404 for conversion in 2013.
"Thundering" (formerly "Unrestrained") before writing off (with jack), 03/02/2009 (photo Shtorm_DV via navsource.narod.ru, 3890 pix.)
"Rapid" at Severnaya Verf, 04.08.2008 (photo by Evgeniy 5110 from forums.airbase.ru)
"Quick" at Severnaya Verf, 05/25/2013 (photo by Curious from forums.airbase.ru)
"Quick" in Kronstadt awaiting disposal, 10/03/2014 (photo fyodor_photo from the submission of vmart2005 from forums.airbase.ru)
Not so bad walkers
The deplorable state in which the ships of the series found themselves in post-Soviet times, and a number of authoritative publications that touched on this topic, caused the emergence of a stereotype about the inferiority of the destroyers' boiler-turbine power plant. In particular, Yu. Apalkov's reference book "Ships of the USSR Navy" (volume II, part I, St. Petersburg, 2003) says: "The main disadvantage of the ships of the project 956 is the presence of high requirements for the quality of boiler water. building boilers and complicates the operation of the main mechanisms ". In the revised edition "Shock Ships" (Moscow, 2010) added: "As it turned out, Soviet. (And then Russian). The Navy turned out to be technically and organizationally unprepared for the intensive operation of units with high-pressure boilers."
However, the experience of the combat service of the destroyer Otlichny alone (the third ship of the series) with its truly extraordinary floatation largely refutes this thesis. It should be emphasized that high-pressure boilers KVN-98/64 were installed on the first six buildings - less advanced and reliable than the boilers KVG-3 (with gas turbocharging and natural water circulation) used on those 956s that are now in service or in the reserve of the 2nd category (A. Pavlov "Destroyers of the first rank", Yakutsk, 2000).
The destroyer "Otlichny" off the coast of Libya, 03.24.1986 (photo by the U.S. Navy from navsource.narod.ru)
We list only the most outstanding achievements from the track record of "Excellent", taken mainly from the book of A. Pavlov.
From 12/06/1984 - combat service in the Atlantic, in particular, from 12/25/1984 - in the Caribbean, including three visits to Havana (the last one - 02/05/1985) and joint exercises with the Cuban Navy, monitoring the AUG "Dwight Eisenhower". Then - crossing the Atlantic Ocean and BS in the Mediterranean Sea (from 16.03.1985). 05/16/31/1985 operated in the western part of the SPM and in the Atlantic, the date of return to Severomorsk is not known. In total, combat service lasted at least six months.
Already on 20.01.1986 (after about 7 months) - access to the next BS in the Mediterranean Sea .. On the way.–. participation in an anti-submarine search operation at the North Cape-Bear line and the Dozor-86 exercises of the Baltic Fleet (09-15.02), tracking the AUG Saratogi (20-23.03) and America (10-15.04). 26-29.04.1986 - business call to Benghazi (Libya), 29-30.04 - tracking the AUG "Enterprise", 21.05 - "accident" at anchorage near Sicily due to the fault of a Panamanian dry cargo ship with damage to the starboard side, launcher, anti-ship missile complex "Moskit" , Radar. 6-30.06.1986 - repairs in Sevastopol at the Sevmorzavod. The date of return to the main base is not known (in January 1987 he was in the 82nd shipyard), the total duration of the BS is more than six months.
Since 05/26/1988 as part of a detachment of ships led by the TAVKR "Baku" (pr. 11434, today - 11430 "Vikramaditya") the third combat service in the Mediterranean. 07-12.07 tracking the Eisenhower AUG, 13-18.07 approach to Tartus to restore technical readiness and rest of the personnel, 18-24.07 continued tracking of the American AUG. On 22-29.08 and 27-31.10 calls into Latakia (Syria), for the second time - joint exercises with the Syrian Navy. 01-21.11 parking and VTG in Tartus, then - combat escort "Baku" on the way home, arrival in Severomorsk - 12/18/1988. The duration of the BS is about seven months.
06/30/1989 entry into combat service in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea - the fourth in 4.5 years. 21-25.07 visit to Norfolk (naval base on the East Coast of the USA) together with RRC "Marshal Ustinov". 09.10-05.11 call to Tartus for repair and rest of personnel, 12-17.11 call to Algeria to ensure the visit of Commander-in-Chief of the Navy S. Gorshkov. Arrival in Severomorsk. -. 12/14/1989. The time spent on the BS is about six months.
"Excellent". Takes fuel (and water?). From the tanker of the Novorossiysk Shipping Company "Marshal Biryuzov" (type "Split"), Mediterranean Sea, 01.06.1988 (photo from sam7 from forums.airbase.ru). In the distance - TFR SF pr. 1135 "Loud" (w / n 962)
Today it is hard to believe, but in eight years of service - from raising the flag (19.11.1983) to transferring to the reserve of the 1st category in anticipation of the failed average repair (10.1991), the destroyer "Excellent" covered 150,535 miles, which corresponds to seven lengths of the equator (history is silent about any serious troubles associated with the power plant). It is indicative that the total 17-year "mileage" of one of the most running ships of the modern Russian fleet, the Peter the Great TARKR, was "only" 180,000 miles. It is worth writing this in capital letters:
The destroyer of the USSR Navy pr. 956 "Excellent" with an "unreliable", "capricious", actively criticized boiler-turbine power plant covered 150,500 miles (18,800 miles per year) in 8 years, while the Russian Navy TARKR pr. 11442 "Peter Great "with a reliable, not satisfactory nuclear power plant ─ about 180,000 miles in 17 years (10,600 miles a year - almost half the size)."
There is hardly any reason to look for the reason for the high flotation of the "Excellent" in special respect to him, the command of the fleet (expressed, say, in the complete set of selected personnel and in the extraordinary allocation of spare parts for the VTG), or in extraordinary professional qualities the commanders of the ship and the BCH-5, or in simple irrational luck, finally, since he was far from the only one in the series who served for a long time (up to six months or more) in distant waters.
"Modern" - 12/30/1981 - 08/06/1982 hike (within the framework of tests) along the route: Liepaja - Mediterranean Sea - Sevastopol - Mediterranean Sea - Severomorsk (seven months); 15.01-04.07.1985 combat service in the Mediterranean Sea as part of the KUG headed by the TAVKR "Kiev" - 19,985 miles were covered in less than six months; 08/28/26/09/1988 jointly with the Stroyny missile defense complex - control over NATO exercises in the Norwegian Sea with 53-hour tracking of the Forrestal AUG.
"Desperate" - 10/17/06/11/1983 BS in the Atlantic; 15.01-05.06.1985 (about five months) military service in the Mediterranean Sea, 08-26.03 direct tracking of the Eisenhower AUG, 02-06.05 visit from the Kiev aircraft carrier to Algeria; 03/09/17/1987 BS in the Atlantic with the provision of inter-fleet passage of the RRC "Marshal Ustinov" (from the Faroe Islands); 03-23.09.1987 combat service in the North Sea and North Atlantic with tracking of the Forrestal AUG; from the hoisting of the flag (31.10.1982) to withdrawal to the reserve (22.05.1992) he covered 121,920 miles - 5.5 "round the world" in 9.5 years.
"Discreet" - 21.08-22.11.1985 transition from Baltiysk to Vladivostok around Africa as part of the IBM led by the Frunze TARKR, with calls to Angola, Mozambique, South Yemen and Vietnam (three months, 67 running days, about 21 300 miles); 15.02-09.09.1988 (about seven months) - military service in the Persian Gulf with pilotage of 31 ships in 16 convoys.
"Impeccable" - 08/28/1986-12.1986 military service in the Mediterranean Sea (about four months); 05.01-23.06.1987 (almost immediately) a new BS in the SZM as part of the CBG led by the Kiev aircraft carrier with tracking the Nimitsa AUG and a visit to Tripoli (Libya) - about six months, 20,197 miles; 03/04/17/1989 jointly with "Winged" - control over NATO exercises and tracking AUG "America"; 01-21.07.1990 trip to Great Britain with a visit to Portsmouth; 01/04/25/07/1991 (more than half a year) - the third BS in the Mediterranean Sea, together with the Kalinin TARKR (Admiral Nakhimov) with visits to Alexandria and Port Said; from raising the flag (November 16, 1985) to withdrawal to the reserve in mid-1993, he covered 62,000 miles - about 3 "round the world" in 8 years.
"Flawless" in the North Atlantic en route to the Mediterranean, 09.1986 (US Navy photo from navsource.narod.ru)
"Combat" - 22.06-22.12.1987 (six months) inter-naval transition from the Baltic to the Pacific Fleet with combat duty in the Persian Gulf (22 ships were conducted in 16 convoys), with visits and calls to Aden, Bombay and Cam Ranh; 04.04-23.09.1989 - (about six months). Military service in the Persian Gulf. With the implementation of reconnaissance and escort missions, with a call to Madras (India) - 16 880 miles covered; 12.07-22.08.1990 - a trip to the USA together with the BOD "Admiral Vinogradov" on a visit to San Diego (31.07-04.08) - 12,100 miles covered, 5 refueling was made on the move at sea.
"Steady" - 10.1987-04.1988 (six months) inter-naval transition from the Baltic to the Pacific Fleet with military service in the Persian Gulf, escorting convoys during the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988), during the BS was subjected to shelling (received hull damage), repair of boilers at PMTO in the Dahlak archipelago (Ethiopia); 15.01-07.1990 (six months) long-distance cruise (BS) along the route Vladivostok - South China Sea - Indian Ocean - Suez Canal - Mediterranean Sea - Bosphorus - Sevastopol and back.
"Winged" - 05-24.08.1988 transition from Liepaja to Severomorsk; December 21-30, ensuring the inter-fleet passage of the Kalinin TARKR (2,430 miles covered); 03/04/17/1989 as part of the IBM, tracking the British AV "Ark Royal" during NATO exercises in the Norwegian Sea; 12/01/1989 - 06/13/1990 (six months) military service in the Mediterranean with calls to Tartus and tracking the Eisenhower AUG; 01/04/23/1991 exit to the Atlantic to escort the Kalinin TARKR to the BS in the SZM (to Gibraltar); . from raising the flag (01/10/1988) to withdrawal to the reserve (03/09/1994). passed 69 480 miles - more than three "round the world" for 6 (total six) years as part of the Navy.
"Burny" - 14.10-14.12.1989 (two months) inter-fleet passage from Baltiysk to the Pacific Fleet with calls to Crete, Port Said, Aden and Cam Ranh - 12,000 miles covered in 44 sailing days; 03.01-20.07.1991 (more than six months) military service in the South China Sea based in Cam Ranh - 6555 miles covered.
"Thundering" (formerly "Leading") - 01.24-21.07.1990 (six months) military service in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean (in the SPM - with "Winged"), 05.03 joint maneuvers with an Italian frigate, 25.06-01.07 visit to Havana , joint exercises with the Cuban Navy - 24,000 miles covered in 176 sailing days.
"Winged" in the Mediterranean, 12/22/1989 (US Navy photo from navsource.narod.ru)
The biographies of the other 956s, due to their late birth, are not so rich in miles traveled, but long-distance campaigns (and even one military service) are also in their service records (events before 2000 are listed, later in the previous parts).
"Bystry" - 09/15/03/1990 inter-fleet passage from the Baltic to the Pacific Fleet with the "Chervona Ukraine" ("Varyag") RRC with a call to Kamran; 08/18/06/09/1993 hike from the "Admiral Panteleev" spacecraft with visits to Qingdao (China) and Busan (South Korea); from the moment of construction (raising the flag - 10/28/1989) to the withdrawal to the reserve of the 1st category (12/29/1998) covered 43,790 miles - two "round the world" in 9 years of service, which subsequently continued successfully.
"Rapid" - 05-09.07.1990 inter-fleet passage from Baltiysk to Severomorsk; . from 25.09.1993 a trip to the Mediterranean Sea with a visit to Toulon (11-15.10), the date of return to the OPB is not known - 6460 miles have been covered.
"Fearless" - 25.11.1991-07.01.1992 inter-fleet passage from Baltiysk to Vladivostok, without calls to foreign ports - in about 1.5 months and covered about 12,000 miles.
"Unrestrained" ("Thundering") - 26-30.10.1991 inter-fleet passage from Baltiysk to Severomorsk; 06.05-16.06.1993 a trip to the United States with a visit to New York (26-31.05) to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Battle of the Atlantic, after the parade - joint exercises with the ships of the American Navy.
"Restless" - there were no long trips; 04-24.07.1998 friendly visits to Plymouth (Great Britain), Zeebrugge (Belgium), Denhelder (Holland) - about 3000 miles covered.
"Persistent" - 17.02-30.04.1997 long-distance campaign around Africa, with the participation of 15-18.03 in the arms exhibition in Abu Dhabi ( United Arab Emirates) and visits to Simonstown (02-06.04) and Cape Town (South Africa) during the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the South African Navy - 19,800 miles were covered in 2.5 months.
"Fearless" ("Admiral Ushakov") - 09-16.08.1994 transition from Baltiysk to Severomorsk; 21.12.1995-22.03.1996 military service in the Mediterranean Sea as part of the CAG, headed by the TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov": .04.01.1996 - Gibraltar, 29.01-03.02 call in Tartus, 17-18.02 visit to La Valletta (Malta) - 14 160 miles have been covered in three months.
Ships of project 956 Sarych remained forever the best destroyers created in the USSR. They were developed and built at the peak of the country's economic power and embodied the most advanced technical solutions of the time. Destroyers Sarych took the place of multipurpose ships in the fleet, capable of independently solving tasks anywhere in the world.
Sarych project - a ship on a cruise
The main parameters of the project 956 "Sarych"
History of development
Artillery light cruiser "Kuibyshev". The predecessor of the "Sarychi" did not have rocket weapons and could not be upgraded By the end of the 60s, the main combat force of the Soviet Navy, the artillery cruisers, had completely exhausted their resource. Their guns were powerless against the missile systems of the American fleet, which upset the balance of power.
To replace them, it was decided to develop modern Russian destroyers Sarych for the far sea zone, installing the latest Soviet anti-ship missiles on them.
The project received the code 956 "Sarych".
The new modern Russian destroyer had to solve many problems at once:
- cover for missile submarines;
- counteraction to enemy submarines;
- force projection onto remote coastal areas;
- counteraction to UDC, frigates, corvettes, enemy patrol boats;
- fight against enemy communications.
Employees of the Leningrad design bureau were able to give the warship the appearance of a real predator. The swift silhouette makes one recall the squat hulls possessed by the destroyers of the Russian Navy that fought in the Russo-Japanese War.
The aggressive appearance was reinforced by impressive weaponry. On the sides were 2 quadruple anti-ship missiles "Mosquito" and two twin 130-mm guns, ready to unleash on the enemy up to 180 shells per minute.
Sarych-class destroyers are armed with artillery, which is still the best in the world. No US Navy destroyer is capable of defeating the 956 in artillery combat. "Sarichs" demonstrated the power of Soviet weapons during demonstration exercises and long-distance campaigns throughout the World Ocean. Destroyers of project 956 - legendary ships Russia.
In total, it was planned to build 32 "Sarych", but the collapse of the Soviet Union did not allow these plans to come true. Only 17 units were delivered for the USSR / RF fleet. 4 more ships were sold to China. One body was dismantled. How many destroyers will remain in Russia in a few years, no one knows.
3 destroyers
at the moment in the combat strength of the Russian fleet
The combat strength of the Russian fleet, at the moment, consists of three destroyers, three more can be returned from the reserve. The rest of the Russian destroyers in the amount of 12 units have either already been cut for scrap metal, or are waiting for the same fate.
Tactical and technical characteristics (TTX)
| Draft, m | 6 meters |
| Displacement of the first 11 ships, t | 6500 - 7904 tons |
| Displacement after modification, t | 6600 – 8000 |
| Length, m | 145.2 - 156.6 |
| Width, m | 17.2 |
| Propeller, number of screws | 2 |
| Engine | 2 boiler and turbine GTZA-674 |
| Engine power, hp | 100 000 |
| Maximum speed, knots | 32 |
| Cruising speed, knots | 18.4 |
| Peacetime crew, people | 296 (25 officers) |
| Crew during the war, people | Up to 350 (31 officers) |
| Electronic warfare equipment | Two paired PK2M passive jammers, starting from the 9th case, from 4 to 8 (depending on the modification) 122-mm jammer PK10 were added to them |
| Artillery | 2 paired 130-mm gun mounts |
| Air defense | 4 AK-630 units |
| Anti-submarine weapons | GAS "Platina-S", 2 bombs RBU-1000 |
| Anti-ship missiles | 2 quad rockets "Mosquito" |
| Anti-aircraft missiles | SAM "Hurricane" |
| Torpedoes | 2 twin-tube calibers 533 mm |
| Aviation | Helicopter Ka-27 |
Russian destroyer "Sovremenny" The destroyers of project 956 Sarych have six decks, divided by bulkheads into 16 watertight compartments. The fracture of the bow reduces the radio signature, although the destroyer itself is not made using stealth technology. An aluminum alloy was used to create the superstructures.
The Sarych ship is equipped with an air conditioning system, cinema halls and even a collapsible pool. These are some of the best ships of the Russian Navy in terms of crew comfort. Reasonable use of internal volumes made it possible to obtain more than 3 m2 of living space for one person.
Overview of the weapons of the destroyer project 956 "Sarych"
Installation AK-130, developed in the 70s, to this day remains one of the best. It can fire up to 90 rounds per minute, sending 30-kilogram shells at a distance of 23 kilometers. Shells with radar fuses can shoot down planes.
The AK-630 guns protect the Project 956 destroyer Sarych from planes and missiles that flew closer than 2000 m. Firing up to 5000 shells per minute, they can be effective not only against aircraft, but also sink surface targets. Civilian ships, often used by pirates, such an installation on the Sarych EM can simply be cut in half in one burst.
Mosquito anti-ship missiles, although somewhat outdated, can still eliminate any enemy except an aircraft carrier - that will need 3-4 missiles. Rocket launchers are effective against submarines.
Modifications
| Project 956E
|
The first example of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the naval sphere. Two unfinished hulls were completed for the Chinese Navy with minimal changes. |
Project 956EM
 |
A couple more 956EMs were built specifically for China. A full-fledged helicopter hangar has been added. GAS has been replaced by a more modern one. The Moskit missiles have been extended their strike range to 200 km. |
Destroyers of Russia of the "Sarych" project
| "Quick" | Pacific Fleet of the Russian Federation |
| "Admiral Ushakov" | Northern Fleet of the Russian Federation |
| "Persistent" | Baltic Fleet of the Russian Federation |
| "Stormy" | Reserve |
| "Combat" | Reserve |
| "Fearless" | Reserve |
| "Restless" | Reserve |
| "Thundering" | Awaiting disposal |
| "Winged" | Awaiting disposal |
| "Quick" | Awaiting disposal |
| "Modern" | Dismantled |
| "Desperate" | Dismantled |
| "Great" | Dismantled |
| "Discreet" | Dismantled |
| "Irreproachable" | Dismantled |
| "Persistent" | Dismantled |
| "Impressive" | Dismantled |
| "Exuberant" | Dismantled |
| Hangzhou | Chinese fleet |
| Fuzhou | Chinese fleet |
| Taizhou | Chinese fleet |
| "Ningbo" | Chinese fleet |
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of the Sarych project:
- Universal firepower - the Russian destroyer pr.956 has the ability to effectively act as a destroyer of enemy ships using the Moskit anti-ship missile system. Ship guns can grind into dust any coastal fortifications - resisting the landing of troops or threatening communications;
- Long-term autonomy - a good supply of food and fuel allows you to act out of supply for at least a month;
- Thought-out living area - crew comfort has always been underestimated in the Russian Navy, but comfort on a long voyage saves sailors from unnecessary stress.
Flaws:
- Lack of modernization - today "Sarychi" of project 956 are outdated. They need radar, GAS and new generation missile weapons;
- Capricious machines - advanced for their time, boiler and turbine plants produce high power, but are large and often require repair.
Destroyers of project 965, code "Sarych", NATO "Sovremenny class destroyer" - destroyers of the 3rd generation of the "Modern" type. The last Soviet-built destroyer. The ships were built for the Soviet Navy, the last ships were being completed for the Russian Navy. Due to financial problems, the remaining unfinished ships were sold to the Chinese Navy and completed at Russian shipyards.
In the 1960s, the Soviet Union had an urgent need for large ships, since the Navy began to actively enter the World Ocean, replenish with middle-class ships and serve in the oceanic zone.
The main combat missions of the USSR Navy have emerged:
- ensuring the combat stability of strategic missile submarines;
- search, detection and tracking of enemy submarines;
- opening the surface situation, tracking the main enemy surface groupings (AUG, KPUG);
- detection of enemy communications;
- readiness for combat use at potential maritime and ocean theaters;
- fulfillment of foreign policy tasks.
Various options for solving these problems were revised:
- connections with aircraft carrying cruisers. The implementation of this option was impossible due to the too expensive construction;
- massive construction of anti-submarine ships. The implementation of this option has not been fully implemented due to the need to cover their own RC or RCA;
In addition, destroyers with 130mm artillery and artillery cruisers of projects 68-K \ B approached the service life limit and did not have modern weapons - anti-ship missiles. It becomes clear to everyone that such tasks cannot be performed using only a certain class of ships. Required multipurpose ships equipped modern views artillery and missile weapons - destroyers were required.
The beginning of the destroyers of Project 956 - Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the Party No. 75-250 of 09/01/1969. In the first task of operational-tactical significance, the new ship was called a fire support ship for amphibious detachments and additionally for joint actions with the Project 1155 BOD. The EM - BOD combination was supposed to surpass (theoretically) a pair of Spruence EMs (USA) in efficiency.
The pre-sketch project (preliminary design) was commissioned to develop the Leningrad Central Design Bureau-53. In the course of development, more and more new tasks were determined for the ship, which required the designers to perform a multivariate project execution. Various types of weapon and power plant combinations were considered. Due to the capacity of the planned shipbuilder (the plant named after A. Zhdanov), the overall dimensions did not exceed 146 meters in length and 17 meters in width. Based on the work on the preliminary design, they begin to develop a draft design.
According to the contract No. 927 / e / 1017-71 between the Main Directorate of the Navy and TsKB-53, the development of the EM sketch under the number 956 and the code "Sarych" begins. A thorough analysis of 13 options for pre-draft projects with a military-economic assessment is being carried out. As a result, the fourth of the presented options was chosen with additional refinement of weapons and the amount of ammunition. At the end of 1971, the first submission of the project 956 of the Civil Code of the Navy ended with the continuation of the search the best option... At the same time, there was information about the beginning of development of the probable enemy of the multipurpose EM "Spruence". It is from here that the development of a domestic multipurpose ship begins. The ship is renamed EM, and since 1971 it has been passing by documents as a destroyer. The second presentation ended with a statement in the course of which the choice fell completely on the tenth of thirteen options:
- availability of a platform for the Ka-252 type helicopter;
Installation of SAM "Uragan";
- launchers with anti-ship missiles Mosquito (8 units);
- gun mounts AK-130;
- installation of a steam turbine power plant.
In the final version, a gas turbine power plant was chosen instead of the selected power plant. With all the modifications, the selected equipment and weapons, the displacement of the EM has increased by one thousand tons. The cost of the draft design cost The Soviet Union at 165,000 rubles.
Mid 1973. The designers received a task to complete the technical project. Chief Designer V. Anikiev. All work on the technical project was ready by the end of 1973, although later various adjustments and refinements took place. It turns out that it is impossible to install the planned boiler units - they are replaced with steam KVN 98/64-PM. We also added a hangar and the ability to refuel the helicopter. The total cost of the technical project is 205 thousand rubles.
Construction of EM project 956
11/01/1973 - the official date of construction of the newest domestic EM project 956. As planned, construction began at the A. Zhdanov plant. A working draft was also developed by TsKB-53 by 1978. The total cost is over 2 million rubles. By 1981, operational documentation and revisions were prepared for the project for the construction of the first ship (lead).
The lead ship began to be built in mid-1975 - EM "Sovremenny" with serial number 861. In 1976 the series of EM project 956 was reduced to 32 ships, in 1988 the series was reduced to 20 units. For all the time, 22 destroyers were laid down, of which 17 entered the USSR / Russian Navy. 2 EMs were completed according to Project 956-E for the Chinese Navy. 3 unfinished ships were scrapped in the 1990s. Until 1991, the USSR Navy received 14 EM project 956. The construction of one destroyer lasted 4 years on average. The average price of one destroyer is 90 million rubles at the beginning of the series launch and 70 million rubles by the middle of the series.
Device and equipment
The northern design bureau had a distinctive feature in the design of ships: they had an outwardly effective propaganda character. That is, they were supposed to influence the enemy by their appearance alone. At that time, ships were used not only for combat missions, but were also an excellent tool for political influence and persuasion. Appearance was brought under the maximum functionality of onboard weapons and equipment. EM project 956 was created on a long-deck structure with sheer front part of the ship. The sadness and optimized hull contours ensure that the deck structures are not flooded and the AK-130 has wide firing angles. The decks are located parallel to the waterline. To give the ship stability, the frames are installed with a large camber. The surface of the side is made with a double break to reduce the radar signature.
The ship has 15 bulkheads, 16 compartments and 6 decks. The main body structures are low alloy steel. In places of high stress, steel sheets with increased fluidity are used. The superstructure of the ship consists of the bow and stern blocks, and is made of aluminum and magnesium alloys. Fastening riveted type.
EM of project 956 are the only destroyers of the 3rd generation with a boiler-turbine-type power plant. The power plant consists of two KTA GTZA-674 echelon location (stern / bow) with a capacity of 50,000 hp each. To maintain the required rotational speed at various operating modes of the KTA, there is an ACS with a frequency controller. In the forward part of the engine room there are two boilers with a right-hand turbine, in the stern - two boilers with a left-hand turbine and a shortened propeller shaft.
The first 6 units of EM project 956 received steam boilers of the KVN-98/64 type, producing 98,000 kilograms of steam. On the seventh and further, steam boilers of the KVG-3 type were installed, giving 115,000 kilograms of steam. Excess or shortage of air for boilers is regulated by a special turbine or damper. The boilers are becoming the weakest link of the destroyer - they are very demanding on the supplied water, they quickly fail. Additionally, an emergency boiler for 14,000 kilograms of steam has been installed. To provide the ship with electricity, 2 AK-18 steam turbine generators with a total capacity of 2500 kW and 4 diesel generators (reserve) of 600 kW each are installed. The steering unit is an electro-hydraulic machine and a semi-balanced steering wheel. Two shafts and two low noise fixed pitch propellers allowed the EM to reach speeds of up to 33.4 knots. Fuel stock 1.7 thousand tons. Range from 1300 to 3900 miles.
Operating temperatures inside the case range from 34 to -25 degrees. There are 5 tanks of 50 cubic meters each for waste collection. To receive cargo on the move, a Struna device is installed on each side.
The crew of the ship in peacetime and wartime is respectively 296 and 358 people. To accommodate the crew, there are 21 cabins for officers (38 places) and cabins for midshipmen on board with 48 places. There are 16 cabins for 310 seats for conscripts. All premises have radio communication devices. The destroyers have libraries, cinema installations, gyms and even collapsible swimming pools. The entire ship is provided with a single cable TV system. The medical block has an operating room, an outpatient clinic, an infirmary, an isolation ward and a sterile room. Due to the installed weapons and power plant, the passages with the corridors are closer than on the BOD of Project 1155.
Installed armament:
- SAM "Hurricane" (with 14 EM-SAM "Hurricane-Tornado"). Consists of two single-girder guided launchers located on the forecastle and behind the helipad. Ammunition - 48 "9M38M1" anti-aircraft guided missiles. SAM control system - 6 radio searchlights for target illumination and computing equipment. SAM is capable of working on surface ships. At the same time, the air defense system is capable of striking 1-6 air targets at an altitude of 15 kilometers at a distance of up to 25 kilometers. The probability of hitting an aircraft / CD - up to 0.96 / 0.86;
Gun mounts AK-130. Two twin AK-130 units are installed on board the ship. SU AK-130 - multichannel MR-184, which includes a dual-band radar, TV set, laser rangefinder, digital computer, optical device. The installations have an optical device, an ammunition supply complex and interface equipment. Rate of fire up to 90 rds / min, range of destruction up to 24 kilometers. Ammunition - 500 ammunition for each barrel (180 of them are ready for combat use). For firing at coastal targets, a special sighting post is used. SU allows only single-breasted use of gun mounts.
- Art complex AK-630M - anti-aircraft rapid-fire air defense system. Consists of two 30-mm batteries of the AK-630M complex. One battery - two gun mounts with a rotating six-barreled unit and a Vympel fire control system. Effective firing range up to four kilometers. Rate of fire 4,000 rds / min. The ammunition capacity of the artillery complex is 16 thousand ammunition. The probability of hitting anti-ship missiles "Harpoon" - 0.4 -1.0.
- SCRC "Mosquito". Anti-ship complex with Mosquito missiles. Consists of 2 quadruple launchers. Ammunition - 8 CR. The range of destruction is 120 kilometers. Speed - up to 3M. The weight of the KR is almost 4 tons, the weight of the warhead is 0.3 tons. The destroyer's control system fired a full salvo in half a minute. The probability of defeat is 0.94-0.99;
RBU -1000 - anti-submarine / anti-torpedo weapons. Rocket bomb launcher with 48 RSL ammunition. The range of destruction is up to one kilometer.
- 2 TA caliber 533mm. anti-submarine weapons. Used torpedoes SET-65 / 53M, USET-80.
- RM-1 / UDM / PM-1-mine armament. For the use of mines, mine rails are installed. Ammunition 22 mines.
- KA-27PL / KA-25PL - aircraft armament. To use the helicopter, the ship has a platform (middle of the ship) and a telescopic hangar. The onboard fuel supply allows the helicopter to be refueled twice.
- 21-KM - fireworks guns. In the bow of the ship (forecastle) two 45mm salute guns are installed.
RTV includes:
-Sm-band "Fregat" detection radar on the first 3 ships, "Fregat-M" radar on the next two, and on the rest of the "Fregat-MA" radars;
- over-the-horizon target designation system "Most", which includes passive radar KRS-27 (4 diazones), RTS and VZOI.
- target designation complex "Mineral" for the SCRC;
- SJSC "Platina-S" - submarine detection station, installed in the bulb nose cone. From the sixth ship - Platina-MS SJSC and the Purga control system;
- MG-7 station - a station for detecting swimmers-saboteurs.
The electronic warfare includes:
- MP-401 - RTR complex;
- MP-407 - active jamming station;
- PK-2M - complex for setting passive decoys. Consists of two 140-mm double-barreled launchers ZiF-121;
- SU "Smeta" - control system PK-2M
- from the 9th ship, an additional PK-10M is installed - a complex with 4/8 122-mm ten-barreled launchers for decoys;
- SREP with RTR "Sprint-401S" additional S&P.
Navigation: navigation radars of the MR-212 type, IEL-1 log, gyrocompass, auto-plotter, echo sounder, navigation systems of the KPF-3K / KPI-7F type, radio direction finder, magnetic compass, space systems navigation type Parus, ADK-3M, Tsikada.
Squadron destroyers project 965 - 22 units:
- the ships: "Desperate", "Modern", "Excellent", "Inspired", "Impeccable", "Agile", "Combat", "Unrestrained" / "Thundering" have been written off.
- sold to China: "Important" / "Yekaterinburg" / "HANZHOU", "Thoughtful" / "Alexander Nevsky" / "FUZHOU", "Impressive" / "TAIZHOU", "Eternal" / "NINGBO".
- disposal: "Discreet", "Persistent", "Impressive".
- unfinished: "Impressive".
As part of the Russian Navy:
- KTOF - "Burny" (repair), "Fast", "Fearless" (reserve)
- KSF - "Admiral Ushakov".
- DKBF - "Restless" (reserve), "Moskovsky Komsomolets" / "Persistent".
Total: operating destroyers of project 956 for 2012 - 3 units
Main characteristics:
- displacement standard / full / max - 6.5 / 7.9 / 8.5 thousand tons;
- waterline length / max - 145 / 156.5 meters
- width at the waterline / max - 16.8 / 17.2 meters;
- average draft / max - 5.9 / 8.2 meters;
- autonomy up to 30 days;
- additional floating craft - command boat pr1390, work boat pr338M, six-oared yal.
The fastest boat in the world!
The history of the Off-White brand
Habakkuk: how the British tried to build an aircraft carrier from ice Why the project was curtailed