Section of the presentation on the topic of ancient India. Ancient India Presentation

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One of the main centers of the ancient Harappan civilization that existed in the 3rd - first half of the 2nd millennium BC. in the valley of the Indus River, there was the city of Harappa. It was located near the now dry bed of the Rabvi River, on the territory of modern Pakistan. Archaeologists discovered the ruins of this city in the 1920s.

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2. Mohenjo-Daro

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Mohenjo-Daro is one of the main cities of the mysterious ancient civilization of the Indus Valley - the so-called Harappan civilization. Its foundation dates back to about 2600 BC, and it was inhabited for nine hundred years until it fell into disrepair for reasons not entirely clear. According to one version, the population of the city was destroyed by the invading Aryan tribes, but this theory has many opponents.

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3. Prayaga

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The city of Prayaga was founded at the confluence of the Jamna and Ganges rivers. It is known that the city existed already under King Ashoka in the 3rd century BC. e .. Prayaga was sacred city ancient Hindus. Unfortunately, it is not known when Prayaga fell into disrepair and turned into ruins.

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4. Fatihpur Sikri

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Fatihpur Sikri was built during the reign of the Indian king Akbar. He began the construction of this city, either deciding to devote it to another foreign policy victory, or the construction was associated with the birth of the tsar's son (possibly due to both factors). The construction was carried out at a fast pace, and if we take into account the technical equipment of the builders of that time, it was simply at an unimaginable pace. The city was built in 15 years. But nature intervened in the fate of Fatihpur Sikri. The lack of water has led to a massive outflow of the population. The result was the complete desolation of the city, in which only monkeys have lived since then.

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The earliest inhabitants of India knew how to build cities with wide and straight streets. They built houses of two and three stories from solid bricks. These houses had running water. There was a fortress on a hill in the center of the city. Behind its powerful walls it was possible to hide from both enemies and floods that happened in this area.

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Ancient india

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Ancient India belongs to one of the earliest and most ancient world civilizations. This is where the greatest religions and Indian cultures originate.

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The name "India"

The name itself comes from the name of the Indus River. It was in the valley of this river that India was located. The Indus begins in Tibet and flows into the Arabian Sea.

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First mentions and finds

Archaeologists for the first time found on the territory the remains of ceramic products, terracotta figurines, which date back to the 5th millennium BC. These ancient things were made in the city of Mehrgarh. It is Mehrgarhe that is the first city in Ancient India.

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Religion of Ancient India

One of the most ancient Indian gods is Shiva. In a triplet with two gods, Vishnu and Brahma, they are the three main deities of Hinduism. Brahma refers to the creator of the world, Vishnu is its keeper, and Shiva is at the head of the pantheon and rules the world.

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The Indus Valley is adjacent to the Sumerians. Their culture significantly influenced the development and formation of Indian civilization. In the 2nd millennium BC. the tribes of the nomads of Aria came to the territory of India and settled there. The local population and nomads mixed.

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In ancient India, the population was divided into friends and foes. The Arians belonged to their own, and the Dava to the aliens. In addition, the Aryans were divided into 4 varnas:

• 1st estate is the highest. They were called Dunes and they were priests, teachers.
• 2nd estate - middle. They were called Kshatriyas. They were military.
• 3rd estate - the lowest. They were called vaisyas, they were farmers, merchants, etc.
• 4 is the lowest class. These were servants and were called sudras.

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Castes

One of the additional divisions of the population were castes. Kaksty is a division by profession. They were usually, like varnas, hereditary.

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Household part.

The main occupation of the inhabitants of India was agriculture. They grew peas, wheat, jute, etc. In addition, the inhabitants of the Indus Valley bred cattle, pigs, elephants and sheep.

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Metallurgy and craft.

The Indians had a well-developed metallurgy. Copper was used to melt knives, arrowheads, and agricultural tools. The inhabitants of the valley could process stone and alloys, gold and bronze.

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Writing of Ancient India.

It is still unknown what language the inhabitants of ancient India spoke. The fact is that the archaeologist has not yet managed to find a single thing with writing. The first inscriptions found date back to the 23rd century. BC. They have about 400 hieroglyphs. Ancient Indians wrote on tablets and clay pots.

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The language of the Indians.

Unlike the Indian language, which is still unknown, the Indian language is well learned. It is called Sanskrit. He went to him many other ancient languages.

"Culture in India" - The renewed religion is called HINDUISM. Chaitya in Karli (interior, exterior). God Brahma. Questions and tasks: The first monuments of Indian architecture appear presumably in the II millennium BC. Shiva statue from the Guddimalam temple. Temple of Kandarya Mahadev (interior). The global concepts of the universe inherent in Buddhism have receded into the past.

"India Grade 7" - The cow is a sacred animal, eating meat is prohibited by religion. Political and administrative map. Industrial and commercial and financial center. It is washed by the Arabian Sea in the West and the Bay of Bengal in the East. Industry. Large Indian rhinoceros up to 180 cm in height 335 cm in length, horn length 61 cm.

"India in the Middle Ages" - Sanskrit language. Buddhism is divided into: 1) HINAYANU (emphasizes benevolence) 2) Mahayana (the goal of bodhysatism) 3) TANTRISM. Spices, bamboo, pearls were sent from the port city of Calicut. A number of the principles of Buddhism passed into HINDUISM. The meaning of Hinduism can be expressed in the words: * Live and let others live *. Books were written in Sanskrit.

"Ancient India" - 5. Unified state. What conclusions can be drawn about the life of the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa? 2. The first city-states. Ganges. South Asia, Indian subcontinent. Himalayas. The Indus and Ganges rivers are the most abundant in the country. The shores of India from the west, east and south are washed by the Indian Ocean. 6. Settlements created by the Phoenicians outside the state.

"Medieval India" - Statue of Buddha in a lotus. The walls of the temples were completely covered with reliefs, statues and skillful carvings. - Miniatures, portraits - Frescoes. Legends and historical events are reflected). Artistic crafts. Ivory and precious wood products. The culture of medieval India. From the VII-VIII century. Hindu temples are erected in the form of huge towers.

"Ancient India" Location and nature of ancient India The oldest cities in India Groups of people.

God Brahma divided people into castes, defining their occupations, rights and duties. The position of each caste was determined by its origin. Even the color of clothing Each caste befitted a special one. From his mouth, Brahma created a caste of brahmana priests. Therefore only a brahmana can speak on behalf of God. From his hands Brahma created warriors. Farmers were created from the thighs. From feet covered in mud, Brahma created a caste of servants. Particularly difficult and humiliating was the position of the untouchables, who did not belong to any of the castes.

On the southern bank of the Jamna River, near the city of Agra, stands the Taj Mahal, perhaps the most remarkable architectural monument in the world. Its silhouette is well-known and has become an unofficial symbol of India for many. The Taj Mahal owes its fame not only to its beautiful architecture, which strikingly combines grandeur and grace, but also to the romantic legend associated with it. The mausoleum was built in the 17th century by the ruler of the Mughal Empire Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife, whose death plunged him into inconsolable grief. Taj Mahal is an unsurpassed beauty symbol of loyal love TAJ MAHAL: SYMBOL OF LOVE The shimmering white marble of the Taj Mahal keeps the memory of the love of a man and a woman. Its symmetry and sophistication are like a perfect pearl against an azure sky. This is not only the most famous mausoleum, but also one of the most beautiful structures on earth. TAJ MAHAL: A SYMBOL OF LOVE The shimmering white marble of the Taj Mahal preserves the memory of the love of a man and a woman. Its symmetry and sophistication are like a perfect pearl against an azure sky. This is not only the most famous mausoleum, but also one of the most beautiful structures on earth. TAJ MAHAL: A SYMBOL OF LOVE The shimmering white marble of the Taj Mahal preserves the memory of the love of a man and a woman. Its symmetry and sophistication are like a perfect pearl against an azure sky. This is not only the most famous mausoleum, but also one of the most beautiful structures on earth. TAJ MAHAL: A SYMBOL OF LOVE The shimmering white marble of the Taj Mahal preserves the memory of the love of a man and a woman. Its symmetry and sophistication are like a perfect pearl against an azure sky. This is not only the most famous mausoleum, but also one of the most beautiful structures on earth. TAJ MAHAL: A SYMBOL OF LOVE The shimmering white marble of the Taj Mahal preserves the memory of the love of a man and a woman. Its symmetry and sophistication are like a perfect pearl against an azure sky. This is not only the most famous mausoleum, but also one of the most beautiful structures on earth. TAJ MAHAL: A SYMBOL OF LOVE The shimmering white marble of the Taj Mahal preserves the memory of the love of a man and a woman. Its symmetry and sophistication are like a perfect pearl against an azure sky. This is not only the most famous mausoleum, but also one of the most beautiful structures on earth.

1. God, according to the beliefs of the Indians, created people from different parts of his body. 2. One of the periods in the life of a brahmana. 3. The big river, on the banks of which the oldest cities in India arose. 4. Dense, rugged forests along the banks of the Ganges. 5. Groups of people with specific rights and responsibilities in ancient India. BRAHMA TEACHING IND JUNGLI KASTA 5

The highest mountains in the world. They do not allow cold winds to penetrate from the north to the Indian subcontinent. When the wind blows from the south and drives rain clouds from the ocean, the mountains stop them. Therefore, for two whole months a year, July and August in India it rains and rivers overflow their banks.

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Slide captions:

Nature and people of Ancient India History Grade 5 Teacher N.E. Kazanina

Ancient India Ancient India is located in South Asia on the Indian subcontinent between the Indian Ocean and the Himalayas The largest rivers: Indus and Ganges Climate is humid, warm, in the Ganges valley there is a jungle (p. 97)

Indian civilization The most ancient civilization on the territory of India originated in the III millennium BC. Archaeologists have discovered two centers: one near the modern city of Harappa and the other in the valley of the Indus S. 98, The oldest cities in India

Harappa (reconstruction)

Mohenjo-Daro. Modern look

Indian civilization Archaeological surveys in Mohenjo-Daro (in Sindh, on the banks of the Indus River) and in Harappa (in Punjab on the banks of the Ravi River) showed that already in 3 - 2 thousand BC. in the northwest of Hindustan, early class relations developed, states and populous cities arose, which conducted extensive trade with other countries.

Jungle villages

Jungle Villages Read p. 97 - 98 of the textbook, answer the questions: What crops did the Indians grow? What other occupations besides agriculture were developed?

Workbook p. 62, task number 79

Sacred animals of India

In 1200 BC. In India, the tribes of the nomads of the Aryans (Indo-Europeans) appeared. Aryans conquered local tribes settled in the valley of the Ganges

Aryan cilization of Aryans - Indo-Europeans The language of the Aryans is Sanskrit, a form of the once common language of the Indo-Europeans.

The Legend of Rama p. 99

Varnas - castes Brahmanas - priests Warriors - kshatriyas Servants - sudras Vaisyas - peasants and artisans

Brahmanas - Priests (p. 102)

Brahmanas - priests Brahmanas offered sacrifices and prayed to the gods The life of a brahmana was divided into 3 periods: 1. Teaching 2. Starting a family 3. Hermitage

Kshatriyas - warriors participated in battles, and in peacetime they organized shooting competitions, went hunting

Vaisyas - peasants and artisans were obliged to feed the higher castes: brahmanas and kshatriyas

Shudras are servants, they should serve the higher castes and did not have their own property

Sources Text from the textbook by A.A. Vigasina General History. History of the Ancient World M. Enlightenment. 2013 §§ 20-21 Images: Yandex-pictures

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Summary of the lesson "Nature and People of Ancient India". Grade 5

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