The essence of finance. The Role and Significance of Finance The main point of finance is
are the result of the emergence of the state and commodity-money relations, they are interpreted as relations arising in the economy and society in the process of formation, distribution and redistribution of financial resources, which should ensure and achieve the tasks and functions assigned to the state.
In an economic sense, finance is based on and they are the main instrument of financial relations. However, it should be noted that money can be considered finance only if it generates income for its owner for example, when investing in financial instruments that generate an income stream, a loan is issued for the purpose of earning interest, or in a company. Thus finance reflects the cash and non-cash process of the movement of money, as well as the movement of investments that do not have a monetary form at a specific point in time (capital, financial instruments, metals).
The main characteristics of finance are:
- monetary form, finances are possible only where there is money;
- exchange-distributive nature, necessary relations between two subjects, while one has special powers, for example, the state;
- stock character, creation and distribution of monetary resources.
Specific areas of finance
The spheres of finance are divided into the following groups:
- state finances;
- enterprise finance;
- international finance.
Under state finance understand the sphere of monetary relations, in which the formation, distribution and redistribution of the value of the gross domestic product and part of the national wealth, the formation and use of public funds for the management of the state, its defense and the satisfaction of internal needs take place.
Finances of business entities are designed to ensure the activities of the enterprise itself. In turn, they form the basis of the country's financial system, as it creates the largest share of the gross domestic product.
International finance characterized by the relations arising between states, international organizations and institutions about exchange and redistribution.
and their functions
Finance performs the following functions:
- distribution function;
- control function;
- regulatory function;
- the function is stimulating.
The essence of the distribution function manifests itself in the primary and secondary distribution of gross domestic product, distribution occurs between participants in material production, redistribution - between the sphere of production and the non-production sphere.
Control function it is implemented together with the pay-as-you-go, through checking compliance with laws, assessing the state of the financial system, monitoring the targeted use of financial resources.
Regulatory function manifests itself due to the intervention of the state through taxes, mandatory payments, loans and other instruments in the reproduction process.
Stimulating function manifests itself in stimulating local financial institutions, effectively using resources and encouraging overfulfillment of targets.
Main role finance is to stimulate economic and social development in the state. It is implemented through financial institutions that allow using economic levers of management and control, attracting resources, and ensuring distribution.
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3. What is the main meaning of the operational function of finance.
a) Activities related to the regulation of real money turnover within the framework of an entrepreneurial structure implements a set of functions of the enterprise's finances, among them: providing, distribution and control.
b) The supporting function of enterprise finance assumes that the enterprise must be fully provided in the optimal amount with the necessary funds, while observing a very important principle: all costs must be covered by its own income.
c) An integral part of the supporting function of the enterprise's finance is the operational function, the meaning of which is the current provision of enterprises with funds for normal functioning, that is, making payments and settlements, fulfilling short-term obligations. The operational function does not have a significant impact on the long-term development strategy of the enterprise. Therefore, it is limited to financial support for simple reproduction. The provisioning function focuses on capital accumulation to solve long-term investment problems. Operational management (a set of measures developed on the basis of an operational analysis of the financial situation in order to obtain the maximum effect at a minimum cost by redistributing financial resources)
4. Is the salary always paid at your enterprise on time? Give reasons for both positive and negative answers.
a) Wages are the price paid to an employee for the use of his labor, a value that is determined by the labor market, i.e. labor demand and supply.
b) Wages must be paid to employees at least every half month (Article 136 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). It is allowed to establish other terms for the payment of wages by federal law (for certain categories of workers).
c) Employees of our organization receive wages on the 1st and 16th of each month. On the 16th, an advance payment for the previous half-month is issued, and on the 1st, the salary for the entire previous month. The collective agreement stipulates that the advance payment for the first half of the month is 50% of the monthly salary. The salary at the enterprise where I work is always paid on time. The absence of delays in the payment of wages is due to the competent management of the financial activities of the enterprise, good economic and financial performance of the company, a positive trend in the work of the organization's employees.
5. What is the situation with your company's debts to suppliers? The budget? Are the amounts in arrears large?
a) Accounts payable represents the debt of the enterprise to other organizations and enterprises, legal entities and individuals. Accounts payable arise as a result of attracting funds from other organizations, enterprises and individuals, as well as for all types of payments to the budget, off-budget and other funds.
b) The debt of our enterprise to suppliers in 2010 amounts to 6814 thousand rubles, which indicates the diversion of its own funds into accounts payable, which may have a bad effect on the financial condition of the enterprise. Repayment of accounts payable from some organizations is the repayment of accounts receivable from other organizations. Therefore, the elimination of accounts payable is of great importance, since reduction of funds in the field of settlements and the acceleration of the latter contribute to the acceleration of the turnover of circulating assets.
c) The financial relations that develop between the state, legal entities and individuals are called budgetary relations. As a result of the fulfillment of the obligations of legal entities and individuals to the state, a budget fund is created in which these relations materialize.
The debt of our enterprise to the budget at the end of 2010 is 114 thousand rubles. Our company has no overdue debts.
6. What financial plans and for what terms does your company make?
a) Financial planning is understood as a set of measures for drawing up 4 and implementing plans for the formation of income and expenses. Financial planning is a part of n / x planning. It allows you to link the indicators of the n / x plan with their monetary funds
The object of financial planning is the financial activity of business entities and the state, and the final result is the preparation of financial plans, ranging from the estimate of a separate institution to the consolidated financial balance of the state.
The initial basis for the development of the financial plan of the enterprise is the following data:
The planned amount of proceeds from the sale of products;
Planned profit and production profitability;
The established size of payments to the state budget and appropriations from it;
The volume of state capital investments;
The amounts of appropriations from centralized funds for various planned purposes, the planned values of fund-forming indicators.
b) It is customary to distinguish between three types of financial plans:
The balance of income and expenses is planned;
Preliminary (for the expected period);
Executive (final).
There is also the so-called check balance of income and expenses, which is a chess sheet (chess balance).
c) Our company develops a financial plan, the final section of which is the balance of income and expenses. The development of the financial plan is carried out by the financial department of the enterprise. In its revenue part, they show the planned profit, depreciation deductions, allocations from the budget and other receipts, in the expenditure part - deductions to the budget, investments in capital construction and major repairs, an increase in working capital, deductions to higher organizations and others.
Therefore, the financial plan of our organization includes the following sections:
Profit distribution plan,
Calculation of working capital and their growth,
Calculation of depreciation deductions.
Financing of capital investments.
Calculation of payments to the budget.
An estimate for the training of personnel at the enterprise.
Financial reserve calculation.
The plan is drawn up for the quarter with a monthly breakdown.
Conclusion
So, in this test, I answered the main questions regarding the functions of finance, we will summarize the above material and draw conclusions.
Finance has two functions: distribution and control. The operation of paying income tax to the state budget refers to the distribution function of finance.
Activities related to the regulation of real money turnover within the framework of an entrepreneurial structure implements a set of functions of an enterprise's finances, among them: providing, distribution and control. The meaning of the operational function of finance lies in the current provision of enterprises with funds for normal functioning.
Wages are the price paid to an employee for the use of his labor, a value that is determined by the labor market, i.e. labor demand and supply.
Accounts payable is a debt of an enterprise to other organizations and enterprises, legal entities and individuals.
The financial plan should ensure the economically viable use of funds to finance the activities of the enterprise.
List of used literature
1. Azriliyan A.N. Big economic dictionary: 25000 terms - M .: Institute of a new economy, 2007, - 1376 p.
2. Eliseev A.S. Modern Economics: Textbook. - SPb .: Dashkov and K, 2006, - 503 p.
3. Lipsits I.V. Economics: Textbook. - M .: Vita-Press, 2007. –315 p.
4. Finance, money circulation and credit. Textbook. / Ed. VC. Senchagov and A.I. Arkhipova, Moscow: Prospect, 2007, 400 p.
And decentralized funds of funds in order to increase the efficiency of social production, improve the quality of work in all parts of the national economy. The object of the control function of finance is the financial performance of enterprises, organizations, institutions. The form of implementation of the control function of finance is financial control. If the control function of finance ...
The finances of enterprises can be subdivided into finances of industry, agriculture, transport, communications, construction, supply, trade, housing and communal services, and road facilities. The organization of the company's finances is influenced not only by industry-specific features, but also by the organizational and legal forms of management. Taking into account the organizational and legal forms, the finances of enterprises should be subdivided into ...
Correct answers are marked with "+".
To the left of the question formulation, the difficulty of the test item indicated by the authors:
P - simple (a priori - 3 points on a 10-point scale);
С - difficult (5 points);
PS - increased complexity (7 points).
Topic 1. The essence and functions of finance
С 1. Why finance can be considered as a historical category?
1. They arose at a certain stage in the development of society;
2. They arose with the emergence of the state; +
3. They arose under the influence of two factors: commodity-money relations and the distribution process; +
4. They are due to the social division of labor and the division of society into social groups;
in the process of forming financial resources; +
in the production process of GDP and ND;
in the process of distribution and redistribution of GDP and personal income;
in the process of exchanging GDP and ND;
in the process of forming funds of funds.
С 4. What is the main difference between finance and money?
finance is less money in volume;
finance historically came after money;
finance has two functions, money has 5 functions
finance is a tool for the distribution and redistribution of GDP and personal income, and money is the universal equivalent. +
P5. Finance functions include:
distribution of GDP and personal income and the formation of monetary funds;
GDP and ND allocation and control; +
means of accumulation and means of payment;
GDP and IP allocation and regulation;
C6. what kind of money relations are financial?
sale of goods in stores;
obtaining a bank loan;
the relationship between the individual links of the budgetary system; +
payment of utilities by the population.
P7. what are the financial resources of society?
funds of the enterprise;
monetary incomes and funds of organizations, the state and the household; +
state revenues
household income
PS 8. Select the element of decentralized financial resources:
1. Profit; +
2. Government borrowing;
3. State revenues;
PS 9. Select the element of centralized financial resources:
1.Taxes; +
2. Depreciation funds of commercial enterprises;
3. Cash income of individuals;
4. Interest on securities issued by enterprises;
P 10. Select the trait that characterizes finance:
1.Finance involves the export of capital;
C 11. What income is generated in the distribution relationship?
primary and secondary; +
material help;
household income;
reserves of enterprises and the state.
C12. what is a financial mechanism?
a set of economic relations;
a set of forms of organizations of financial relations and methods of formation and use of financial resources; +
funds of organizations;
the process of managing cash flow in production.
Topic 2. Financial system
P 1. What is the financial system?
A. The set of spheres and links of financial relations. +
B. The totality of taxes;
B. The totality of cash income.
D. The totality of financial control bodies.
E. Cumulative cash expenditures
P 2. What areas of financial relations does the financial system include?
A. Decentralized and centralized; +
B. Control and distribution;
B. Distributive and redistributive;
D. Enterprise profit and household finance;
D. Centralized and insurance funds.
P 3. Indicate the links of the financial system (select one complete answer):
A. Enterprise finance;
B. Finances of organizations, household finances, budgetary system; +
B. Extrabudgetary funds;
D. Budgets of various levels;
С 4. The basis of the financial system of the Russian Federation is:
A. Federal budget;
B. Budgetary system;
B. Budgetary system and extrabudgetary funds;
D. Finance of organizations and finance of households; +
С 5. The current budgetary system of the Russian Federation covers:
A. Federal budget, regional budgets;
B. Federal budget, regional budgets, local budgets;
B. Federal budget, regional budgets, local budgets, off-budget funds; +
D. Federal budget, extra-budgetary funds;
D. Federal budget, local budgets.
P 6. Consolidated budget includes:
A. Territorial budgets;
B. Local budgets;
B. Federal target budgetary funds;
D. Federal budget and consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; +
D. Territorial target budgetary funds.
G 7. Indicate the current extrabudgetary trust fund
A. Pension Fund; +
B. State Employment Fund;
B. Federal Road Fund;
D. Federal Ecological Fund;
PS 8. What is the main reason for the improvement in the financial situation of the Russian Federation at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries?
A. Increase in energy prices; +
B. Growth of GDP and personal income; +
B. Impairment of wages due to inflation;
D. Tax reform.
P 9. How many links are in the budgetary system of a unitary state?
D. Four.
P 10. How many links are in the budgetary system of the federal state?
D. Four.
Topic 3. Budget, budgetary device and budgetary system
P 1. What functions does the state budget perform?
A. redistribution of national income. +
B. preventive function
B. statistical function
D. observational function
С 2. What expenses prevail in the Federal budget of the Russian Federation (mark two items)?
A. environmental protection costs
B. spending on culture, arts, media
B. financial assistance to budgets of other levels +
D. national defense spending +
P 3. Do the budgets of countries with developed market economies provide for the costs of repayment and servicing of public debt?
A. yes, provided +
B. no, not provided
PS 4. for which budget are the taxes assigned to ensure the highest revenues to the budget system?
for the federal budget +
beyond the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
for local budgets
PS 5. Is the definition of a non-tax minimum used in foreign practice when imposing income tax?
A. yes, it is used +
B. no, not used
P 6. Do customs duties go to the revenues of the federal budget of the Russian Federation?
P 7. What is the leading link in the budgetary system of the Russian Federation?
A. federal budget +
B. regional budgets
B. local budgets
D. extrabudgetary funds
С 8. What type of expenses prevails in the expenses of the federal budget of the Russian Federation?
A. for current consumption +
B. Investment in fixed assets
B. costs associated with space exploration
D. costs associated with public administration
С 9. From what source is the activity of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation financed?
A. from the federal budget of the Russian Federation +
B. from regional budgets
B. from local budgets
С 10. What types of expenses from the following ones prevail in the expenses of the federal budget of the Russian Federation?
A. repayment and servicing of public debt +
B. science and basic research
B. fishing
G. agriculture
PS 11. Which of the following is true?
A. budget expenditures are only recurrent in nature
B. budget expenditures are only irrecoverable
B. budget expenditures can be both refundable and non-refundable +
P 12. What revenues prevail in the federal budget revenues?
A. loans from international financial institutions
B. tax revenues +
B. loans to the public
D. nontax income
P 13. What is included in the structure of non-tax revenues of the federal budget of the Russian Federation?
A. income from property in municipal ownership
B. Government fees
B. income from foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation +
D. proceeds from the sale of federal property
С 14. What document regulates the size of the federal budget deficit?
A. Tax Code
B. Budget Code +
B. Customs Code
PS 15. Internal methods of financing the budget deficit include
A. placement of securities on the foreign market
B. issuance of government securities in national currency
B. issue of government securities in national currency +
D. Paris Club credits
P 16. What methods of financing the budget deficit are external?
A. money issue
B. loans from international financial institutions +
B. income from privatization of state property
D. issue of government securities in national currency
PS 17. The budgetary device is:
A. device of the budgetary system
B. the totality of budgets operating on the territory of the country
D. a set of legal norms that determine the budget process and the construction of the budget system +
P 18. The budgetary system is:
B. the totality of budgets operating on the territory of the country +
B. Activities of the Authorities in Drafting, Reviewing, Approving and Executing the Budget
D. body of legal rules governing the budget process
PS 19. What does the budgetary system of unitary states include?
A. state (federal) budget
B. state budget, budgets of members of the federation, local budgets
B. state (central) budget and local budgets +
P 20. What does the budgetary system of federal states include?
A. State (federal) budget
B. federal budget, budgets of members of the federation, local budgets +
B. state (federal) budget and local budgets
D. budgets of federation members and local budgets
PS 21. What are the principles of a budgetary structure?
A. unity, completeness, stimulation, publicity
B. control, unity, reality, balance
B. unity, independence, transparency, balance +
D. unity, stability, independence, completeness
P 22. The budgetary system of the Russian Federation consists of:
A. Level 1
B. 2 levels
B. 3 levels +
D. 4 levels
PS 23. Which of the following statements is true:
A. budgets of municipalities are included in their revenues and expenditures in regional budgets
B. the budgets of the subjects of the federation are included in their revenues and expenditures in the federal budget
B. the budgets of municipalities are included in their revenues and expenditures in the federal budget
D. territorial budgets are not included in their revenues and expenditures in the federal budget +
PS 25. assertion that income and expenses of lower-level budgets do not include higher-level budgets:
true only for unitary states
true only for federal states
true for both federal and unitary states +
not true for states with any state system
С 26. What is the consolidated budget?
A. summary of the federal budget and consolidated budgets of the members of the federation +
B. set of local budgets
B. federal budget
D. set of regional budgets
C 27. Consolidated budget:
A. approved by the legislature
B. is compiled only at the federal level
V. is considered by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
G. is not approved by the legislature +
С 28. What fund plays an important role in the regulation of intergovernmental fiscal relations?
A. Fund for financial support of regions +
B. International Monetary Fund
B. Federal Fund for Small Business Support
D. Road Fund
С 29. Funds intended for equalizing budgetary provision are transferred to territorial budgets from:
A. federal budget
B. Fund for financial support of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation +
B. international financial and credit institutions
G. charitable organizations
С 30. Funds transferred from higher budgets to lower-level budgets to finance a strictly targeted event are:
A. bank loans
B. tax deductions
B. subventions +
D. funds from the Stabilization Fund
С 31. Funds transferred from higher budgets to lower-level budgets, with a deficit of the latter, are:
A. subsidies +
B. subsidies
B. subventions
C 32.the fixed incomes of the territorial budgets include:
revenues fully received by the relevant budget
funds transferred from a higher-level budget to a lower-level one to finance the target event +
funds transferred on a credit basis
funds transferred from the higher budget to the lower one to cover the deficit.
С 33. The federal fund for financial support of regions is formed by:
credit and attracted financial resources
from tax revenues received by regional budgets
from tax revenues received by the federal budget +
from tax revenues received by local budgets
PS 34. The principle of independence of the budgetary structure presupposes:
A. assignment of revenues and expenditures of territorial budgets inherent only to them grouping codes of the budget classification
B. availability of own sources of income of budgets of different levels and independent determination of the directions of their use +
B. complete financial independence of lower-level budgets from higher-level ones
D. delineation of income and expenditure between the levels of the budgetary system
С 35. The unified budget classification is used in the preparation, approval and execution of:
A. only the federal budget
B. only regional budgets
B. budgets of all levels +
D. only local budgets
P 36. Compulsory publication in the media is subject to:
A. federal budget only
B. only regional budgets
B. only local budgets
D. budgets of all levels +
P 37. What is the budget for spending on national defense?
A. from all budgets
B. from regional budgets
B. from local budgets
G. from the federal budget +
Topic 4. Budget revenues
C 1. Federal budget revenues are part of:
A. centralized finance +
B. decentralized finance
B. territorial budgets
С 2. What is the main material source of budget revenues?
A. national income +
B. savings of business entities
B. population accumulation
D. loans and borrowings
C3. Which of the following budget revenues are non-tax revenues?
state fees
customs duties +
3. payments for the use of natural resources
rental income of state property
С 4. Do regional authorities have the right to introduce taxes and fees that are not provided for by tax legislation in order to finance the budget deficit?
A. yes, they do in all cases
B. yes, they do in some cases
B. do not have +
D. yes, they have by permission of the higher executive authorities
P 5. What revenues prevail in the revenues of the federal budget of the Russian Federation?
A. loans to the public
B. non-tax revenues
B. tax revenues +
D. loans from international financial institutions
C6. the main sources of federal budget revenues are:
credit loans
VAT, income tax and personal income tax +
sales tax, land tax, property tax of individuals
state and customs duties
PS 7. Revenues from which taxes prevail in federal budget revenues?
A. straight
B. indirect +
B. personal income tax
G. state fees
PS 8. territorial taxes and fees are introduced:
By decree of the President of the Russian Federation
The Tax Code of the Russian Federation
legislative acts of territorial authorities in accordance with the Tax Code +
The Constitution of the Russian Federation
PS 10. Specific rates of regional taxes and fees are established:
A. federal laws
B. regional legislative acts +
B. Local Legislation
D. Budget Code
P 11. Local taxes and fees are obligatory for payment:
A. throughout the territory of the Russian Federation
B. on the territory of the corresponding municipalities +
V. on the territory of the corresponding constituent entity of the Russian Federation
PS 12. Where do federal taxes and fees go?
A. only to the federal budget
B. only to territorial budgets
V. only to targeted budget funds
G. to budgets of different levels +
P 13. Which of the following taxes are direct?
A. income tax, personal income tax +
B. excise taxes
D. another answer
P 15. Tax revenues are regulated by:
A. Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation"
B. Tax Code of the Russian Federation +
B. Law "On the Securities Market"
D. Civil Code
P 16.define the tax system as
the totality of all applicable taxes, as well as the principles, forms and methods of collection +
set of budgets in force in the country
set of credit institutions
PS 17. In general, does the tax system of the Russian Federation comply with the world practice of foreign countries:
A. yes, it corresponds +
B. no, it does not match
P 18. Currently, taxation in the Russian Federation is regulated by:
RF Tax Code +
The Budget Code
The Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation"
Topic 5. Budget expenditures
С 1. What expenses are budgetary?
reproduction costs of fixed capital
expenses ensuring the fulfillment of the functions of the state +
expenses of legal entities and individuals
expenses for urgent needs of legal entities
С 2.What relates to the current expenditures of the budget?
1) +
2) financing of capital repairs
3) capital construction costs
purchase of medical equipment
PS 3. The method of providing budgetary funds is:
defense funding
budget financing, budget loans and loans +
bank lending
COP 4. What budget expenditures are classified as earmarked?
remuneration of civil servants
purchase of raw materials
financing of capital investments +
federal taxes
PS 5. to which organizations budget loans are provided only on a 100% basis security?
government organizations
savings bank
private organizations +
municipal organizations
P 6. what is the purpose of budget expenditures?
covering any costs associated with production
financing the needs of legal entities and individuals
ensuring the functions performed by the state +
formation of state funds
C 7.What applies to capital expenditures
remuneration of civil servants
increase in government reserves +
purchase of textbooks
government debt repayment costs
С 7. Which of the federal budget classifications does the section "national economy" belong to?
economic
departmental
3) functional +
reproductive
C 8. What principle is typical for the organization of budget financing?
material incentives
targeted use of funds +
security
urgency
PS 9. Determine which of the following is a form of budgetary financing
payment of benefits
subventions and subsidies to organizations +
capital investment financing
purchase of medicines
P 10. What are the principles of granting budget loans?
paid +
irrevocability
self-sufficiency
material interest
Topic 6. State loan
P 1. Which body is a mandatory participant in the state loan?
Individuals
Legal entities
State +
International Institutions
C 2. Who can the state act when entering into credit relations?
By the seller
Underwriter
Buyer
Borrower +
Professional participant of the securities market
С 3. What activity of the state prevails in the credit market
Lender
Underwriter
Borrower +
Professional participant of the securities market
PS 4. What does the government use government loans for?
To replenish budget revenues
To finance the budget deficit +
To reduce the tax burden in the state
To ensure the employment of professional stock market participants
Regulation of the activities of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
P 5. What functions does government credit perform?
Distribution +
Formation of budget revenues
Honorable Mention
PS 6. What is the government debt management authority?
The Federal Tax Service
Tax authorities
Government +
Customs
P 7. Specify the form of the RF debt obligations?
Sale of state property
Government securities issued on behalf of the Russian Federation +
Budget loans to legal entities
PS 8. What is the main feature of the difference between internal government loans of the Russian Federation and external ones?
Lenders
Loan currency +
Location
Profitability
Investors
С 9. In what way are borrowed funds of the Russian Federation mainly mobilized in the domestic market at the present time?
Placement of shares
Placement of debt securities +
Obtaining loans from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
Obtaining tax credits
PS 10. Choose from the following short-term securities?
Eurobonds
PS 11. Choose from the following government securities that have coupons?
PS 12. What is the correspondence between the security and the date of its original issue?
|
Eurobonds |
PS 13. Establish a correspondence between the security and the scope of government credit to which it belongs?
С 14. What tasks can the government securities market solve?
Financing the budget deficit +
Placement of free funds of legal entities and individuals
Attracting investment in industry
С 16. Which of the following funds can be provided from the budget on a repayable basis?
Budget loans +
Subsidies
Subventions
С 17. Which of the following funds can be provided from the budget only on a repayable and reimbursable basis?
budget loans +
budget loans
subsidies
subventions
PS 19. What structure develops the program of public domestic borrowing?
The president
Federal Assembly
Vnesheconombank
PS 20. What structure develops the program of public external borrowing?
The president
Vnesheconombank
Savings bank
PS 21. Which body regulates the federal securities market?
Government
Federal Assembly +
Chamber of Accounts
С 23. What clubs is the Russian Federation as a creditor state?
Parisian +
London +
Tokyo
Topic 7. Extrabudgetary Special Funds
PS 1. Select the characteristics corresponding to extrabudgetary funds:
A. Income and expenditures are included in the budgets of central, regional or local territorial entities
B. Formed at the expense of earmarked income or in the order of earmarked deductions from specific types of income and other receipts
B. Have a designated purpose +
D. Formed by customs payments
С 2. Select the sources for the formation of extra-budgetary funds in the Russian Federation?
A. Mandatory contributions from legal entities and individuals +
B. Loans from the International Monetary Fund
B. Deductions from income tax
D. Customs payments
С 3. In which of the following years were there no extra-budgetary funds in the Russian Federation?
С 4. Select the functions performed by extrabudgetary funds?
A. Distribution +
B. Statistical
B. Creation of credit instruments of circulation
G. Accounting
С 5. To which system did the Budget Code refer extra-budgetary funds?
A. To budget +
B. To distribution
B. To credit
G. To the monetary
PS 6. What sources are used to form state social extra-budgetary funds?
COP 7. Establish a correspondence between the extrabudgetary fund and the direction of its funds.
P 9. What fund represents the system of federal off-budget social funds?
A. Employment Fund
B. Pension Fund of the Russian Federation +
B. Federal Fund for Support of the Subjects of the Russian Federation
D. Road Fund
D. background of mandatory health insurance
PS 12. Which federal extra-budgetary fund has ceased to exist since 2001?
A. Federal Road Fund
B. Employment Fund +
B. Fund for bonuses for employees of the Ministry of Taxes and Tax Collection
D. Conversion Fund
D. Environmental Protection Fund
With 13 who drew up the draft budget of extra-budgetary funds
Ministry of Economic Development and Trade
Government
Chamber of Accounts
The governing bodies of these funds +
С 13. Who submits the draft budgets of state extra-budgetary funds for consideration by the legislature?
A. Ministry of Finance
B. Government +
D. Chamber of Accounts
E. The governing bodies of these funds +
PS 14. Which body prepares a report on the execution of the budget of the federal extra-budgetary fund?
A. Ministry of Finance
B. Ministry of Economic Development and Trade
B. Government
D. The governing bodies of these funds
E. Federal Treasury +
P 15. What expenses are financed from the Pension Fund?
temporary disability benefits
sickness benefits
childbirth benefits
payment of labor pensions +
P 16. What expenses are financed from the Pension Fund?
A. Temporary disability benefits
B. Benefits in connection with the birth of a child
B. Bereavement benefits
D. Pension payments +
E. Treatment allowance for occupational disease
P 17. Which of the following tasks is being implemented by the Pension Fund?
A. ensures the payment of maternity benefits
B. Payment of sick leave benefits
V. pays labor pensions +
G. provides insurance against industrial accidents
P 18. What is the main source of income for the budget of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation?
A. Insurance premiums +
B. Funds received from the sale of loans
B. Funds transferred from other extrabudgetary funds
D. Funds received from entrepreneurial activities
PS 19. Which body has been providing the bulk of the Pension Fund's income since 2001?
A. Central Bank
B. Ministry of Social Development
B. Structure of the Federal Tax Service +
D. The bodies of the Pension Fund themselves
PS 20 which body has been implementing the Pension Fund for expenditures since 2001?
Federal Treasury +
ministry of social development
FTS structures
The bodies of the Pension Fund themselves
P 21. What portions of taxes (tax) go to the budget of the social insurance fund?
A. Unified social tax +
B. Income tax
D. Compulsory contributions to social extra-budgetary funds
P 23. Select the main source of income for the budget of the social insurance fund
budget appropriations
Deductions from the unified social tax +
income tax
compulsory contributions to social extrabudgetary funds
C 22. What is the task of the social insurance fund?
A. Ensuring the payment of pensions to working citizens
B. Provision of guaranteed state benefits for temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth, at the birth of a child, etc. +
B. Financing of health care facilities implementing rehabilitation programs
D. Financing public investment projects
С 23. Select the source of compulsory health insurance funds formation:
A. Deductions of a part of the unified social tax
B. Part of the income tax paid by individual entrepreneurs
B. Contributions from budgets +
D. Income of medical institutions from the provision of paid services
P 24. Are CHI funds created at the territorial level?
B. Depends on the decision of the territory
D. Created before 2001, but now not created
D. Began to create in 2001.
P 10. What federal law regulates the budgetary process in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation?
A. Budget Code +
B. Tax Code
B. Civil Code
D. Penal Code
P 11. What is the source of income for the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation?
A. Tax +
B. Funds transferred from local budgets
V. Credits of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
G. Loans of the population
P 12. From what source are the revenues of local budgets formed?
A. Tax +
B. Credits of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
B. IMF loans
D. revenues of state off-budget funds
P 13. What extra-budgetary funds function at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation?
A. Pension Fund
B. Social Security Fund
B. Federal Compulsory Health Insurance Fund +
D. Territorial fund of CHI
Topic 9. Finances of organizations
С 1. Finances of enterprises and commercial organizations are:
A. monetary funds;
B. monetary relations arising from the monetary valuation of inventory items;
B. monetary relations arising in the process of cash flow and the formation, distribution and use of funds of funds. +
PS 2. under what condition are decentralized funds of money circulation formed?
on cash flow +
when assessing the cost of inventory
when expressing the volume of sales of products in cash
С 3. What is the material basis of financial relations?
A. the cost of labor invested in the production of products;
B. production stocks of a commercial organization;
B. cash flow; +
D. the cost of the finished product.
С 4.what is the criterion for grouping financial relations in separate areas
economic content of financial relations +
volume of production of a commercial organization
number of employees of a commercial organization
organizational and legal form of business
PS 5. what unites different groups of financial relations
scope of application +
flow of funds
form of payment
nothing unites
P 6. Are financial relationships part of money relationships?
A. yes, they are; +
B. no, they are not;
V. these are equivalent concepts.
P 7. Which of the following functions belongs to finance?
A. accounting;
B. control; +
V. social;
G. is estimated.
P 8. Which of the following functions is financial?
A. distributive; +
B. managerial;
V. estimated;
G. cumulative
PS 9. According to its economic content, the formation of additional capital
Is it distributive or redistributive?
distributive nature
redistributive character +
contains both elements of distribution and redistribution
PS 12. What is the objective basis of the control function of finance
commercial organizations?
A. activity of audit firms;
B. cost accounting of production and sales costs; +
C. mobilization of financial resources of a commercial organization;
D. mobilization of financial resources of a commercial organization and the formation of budget revenues.
С 13. Is absolute economic independence of a commercial organization possible?
A. yes, with the transition to a market economy, this principle has been fully implemented;
B. full implementation is possible only for profitable organizations;
V. no, full implementation is impossible, since the state always regulates certain aspects of entrepreneurial activity; +
D. this principle will be fully implemented when a stable economic situation in the country is achieved.
PS 14. what is meant by the principle of self-financing?
recoupment of operating costs due to own and borrowed funds
recoupment of current costs and investment in the development of production from own sources
recoupment of operating costs and investment in expanded production at their own expense and, if necessary, at the expense of banking and commercial
Credits +
PS 15.Does the principle of securing financial reserves have legislative
yes, all commercial organizations are legally obliged to form financial reserves
no, the decision on the formation of financial reserves is the prerogative of the heads of commercial organizations
has only for joint stock companies of open or closed type +
4.the formation of a financial reserve for all commercial organizations except for state and municipal enterprises is established by law
PS 16. Can a closed joint stock company carry out a free sale of its shares on the stock market?
B. Can only be subject to the secondary placement of securities;
V. cannot. +
PS 17.Does a state unitary enterprise have the right to dispose of its property?
it has the right to dispose of its property at its discretion
it has the right to dispose of its property independently
it has the right to dispose of its property with the consent of the owner +
PS 18. Is the charter capital of a general partnership a share capital?
yes, it is +
no is not
it can be called equity capital
PS 19. Which of the following factors affects the composition and structure of the organization's fixed assets?
A. organizational and legal form of management;
B. sectoral features of management; +
B. features of the formation of the authorized capital;
D. the presence of additional capital.
PS 20. Investments in the development of production are:
A. costs associated with extended reproduction; +
B. expenses of a compulsory nature;
B. costs associated with simple reproduction;
D. funds allocated for consumption.
С 21. What is the economic essence of depreciation?
A. the monetary form of the part of the value of fixed assets transferred to products;
B. is the process of the gradual transfer of the value of the means of labor, as they wear out, to the output, its transformation into a monetary form, and
accumulation of resources for the subsequent reproduction of fixed assets; +
B. part of the value of surplus labor.
C 22. depreciation deductions are:
source of formation of working capital
source of formation of authorized capital
source of formation of authorized and additional capital
source of financing for long-term investments +
С 23. Is it possible to use profit to cover the increase in working capital?
A. it is possible for commercial organizations of any organizational and legal form of management; +
V. is possible if it is a unitary enterprise;
G. is possible only in joint stock companies.
C 24.Is the proceeds from the sale of products a commercial income?
Organizations?
yes, this is the net income of a commercial organization
yes, this is the gross income of a commercial organization
no, it is not +
C 25. what is profit as an economic category
source of financing for expanded reproduction
net income created by surplus labor +
source of funding for simple reproduction
the ultimate goal of business
PS 26. Profitability is:
A. an absolute indicator characterizing the activities of the organization;
B. a value indicator that characterizes the effect of entrepreneurial activity;
B. is a relative indicator characterizing the degree of profitability of entrepreneurial activity. +
C 27. What is the main source of reimbursement of funds spent on production?
enterprise profit
proceeds from product sales +
short-term commercial bank loans
depreciation deductions
PS 28. Is the price of sales a factor influencing the value of production and sales of products?
Yes it is
no, it is not +
is at the time of price change for finished products
Topic 10. Household finance
C 1. What is household finance?
A. The aggregate of cash expenditures and household income.
B. Household cash.
B. Home property
D. Economic relations on the formation and use of household cash funds +
PS 2. What is the material source of household financial resources?
country income
material wealth of countries
national wealth GDP
household income +
PS 3. What monetary funds are created within the financial resources of households?
A. Consumption fund and savings fund. +
B. Pension Fund of the Russian Federation
B. Production development fund
D. Fund for financial support of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
С 4. What are the sources of household cash income?
A. Only wages.
B. Only income from business activities.
B. Only state social payments.
D. Remuneration, income from entrepreneurial activity and state social benefits and rent +
С 5. What concerns transfers to the population?
A. Pensions from off-budget social funds. +
B. Earnings on shares.
B. Remuneration.
D. Interest on deposits in commercial banks.
PS 7.What qualifications are the basis for dividing household cash expenditures
only by purpose of use and degree of regularity
only as necessary
only for purposes of use and need
for the purposes of regularity, degree of necessity and purposes of use +
C 8. What voluntary payments do households make?
2.insurance contributions to non-state pension funds +
insurance contributions to state extra-budgetary funds
PS 9. What types of savings and savings can be in households?
A. Purchase of expensive household appliances.
B. Deposits of the population in commercial banks. +
B. Rest abroad.
D. Education in educational institutions.
P 10. What tax do households pay?
A. Corporate Income Tax.
B. Tax on property of organizations.
B. Personal Income Tax. +
D. Tax on income of credit institutions.
11. Which tax is the heaviest for households?
personal property tax
insurance payments to off-budget social funds
personal income tax +
National tax
Topic 11. Insurance
With 1, which of the following characteristics characterize the insurance relationship?
stimulating appointment
closed redistribution of damage in space and time
free payments
irrevocable payments +
control of insurance activities
PS 2. What are the organizational forms of the insurance fund in Russia (select one or several options)?
social development fund
enterprise reserve fund +
Science and Technology Development Fund
organization consumption fund
reserve fund of the President of the Russian Federation
P 3. What is the function of insurance?
stimulating
2) warning +
fiscal
cumulative
P 4. What function of insurance provides compensation for damage?
stimulating
control
fiscal
4) risky +
С 5. The peculiarity of voluntary insurance is that it:
carried out on the basis of the interests of the state
acts on the basis of the law
4) is carried out on the basis of the law and the contract between the insurer and the policyholder +
С 6. Which insurance industry as an object has damage arising from various commercial transactions?
property insurance
personal insurance
3) insurance of economic risks +
civil liability insurance
PS 7. Which of the insurers operates on a non-commercial basis?
state and municipal organizations
insurance pools +
open society
joint stock companies
PS 8.determine the principle of organization of insurance business
competition +
monopolization
gratuitousness
self-sufficiency
PS 9. What characterizes the insurance relationship?
stimulating appointment
redistribution, incentives, gratuitousness
free payments
4) closed redistribution of damage in space and time, irrevocability +
PS 10. In what form can the insurance
fund?
enterprise accumulation fund
material incentive fund
3) reserve fund of the insurer +
Pension Fund
PS 11. What is the function of insurance to reduce the degree and consequences of insurance risk?
risky
control
3) warning +
distribution
reproductive
P 12. What is the peculiarity of compulsory insurance?
carried out on the basis of the interests of the state of adverse natural events
2) applies automatically by force of law +
used in the interests of the insurer and the policyholder
acts on the basis of the law
С 13. Which insurance industry has damage to third parties as an object?
property insurance
personal insurance
3) liability insurance +
risk insurance
economic risk insurance
С 14. Specify the subjects of the insurance market:
insurer, taxpayer, insurance agent
insured, lender, borrower
3) insured, insurance broker, policyholder +
insurer, budget recipient, taxpayer
PS 15. Which of the principles and to the greatest extent characterizes the organization of the insurance business in Russia?
centralized government
2) freedom of choice of services by the insured +
state property
monopolization
Topic 12. Financial management
PS 1. Select two functions of the legislature of the state.
A. Approval of the state budget. +
B. Drafting the state budget.
B. Monitoring compliance with financial laws.
D. Approval of the report on the execution of the state budget
PS 2. Select the function of the Ministry of Finance in foreign countries.
A. Adopt laws on taxes and fees.
B. Develop financial policies. +
B. Sets the limit on public debt.
PS 3. The function of internal debt management of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation is expressed in:
A. Issue of municipal loans.
B. Issue of government loans. +
B. Adoption of laws regulating the amount of public debt.
P4. Select the state financial control body of the Russian Federation:
A. Main Control Department under the President of the Russian Federation.
B. Auditing services.
B. Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation +
D. Financial services of business entities.
P 5. Select a non-governmental financial control body:
A. Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.
B. Central Bank of Russia.
B. Financial departments of commercial banks. +
С 6. Select the functions of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in the field of financial management:
A. Considers and approves the laws governing the composition and structure of the financial system and the functions of its individual links. +
B. Draws up a draft law on the federal budget
B. Executes the budget of the Russian Federation
D. Adopts laws on the execution of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
С 7. Select the functions of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation:
A. Development and approval of the Tax Code.
B. Control over the legality and timeliness of the movement of funds from the federal budget and federal extra-budgetary funds. +
B. Execution of the RF budget.
С 8. The functions of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation include:
A. Development and implementation of a unified financial policy of the Russian Federation.
B. Development of a unified methodology for drawing up budgets of all levels and reports on their implementation +
C. Financial expertise of draft federal laws, as well as regulations of federal government bodies.
P 9. Select the function of the Federal Tax Service:
Adoption of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation
Control over the correctness of calculation, completeness and timeliness of payment of all taxes and fees +
Carries out audit control of enterprises and organizations
P 10. Select two functions of state tax inspectorates:
Taxpayer accounting +
Control over the correctness of the calculation and the timeliness and completeness of contributions to the budgets
prevention, detection and suppression of corruption in tax authorities
P 11. Who can exercise financial control? (choose 2 correct answers)
Legislative +
Individuals
Executive +
P 12. What does departmental financial control mean?
A. Control over ministries and departments by the RF Ministry of Finance.
B. Control exercised by the control bodies of the departments themselves.
B. Control exercised by the Federal Tax Service. +
С 13. Does the functions of the Federal Treasury include control over the execution of regional and local budgets?
PS 14. Does the function of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation include analysis of the state of the state debt of the Russian Federation?
PS 15. What is the function of commercial banks in the field of financial control?
control over cash discipline of legal entities +
analysis of banking risks
control over the use of funds to legal entities
timeliness and completeness of tax transfers
control over the investment activities of enterprises
С 16. Indicate the method used in financial control
A. Interview.
B. Revision. +
B. Experiment.
D. Balance method.
P 17. To whom is the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation accountable?
To the Central Bank
The Ministry of Finance
Federal Tax Service
Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation +
P 18. What is the main body exercising financial control over the use of funds from the Federal budget of the Russian Federation:
A. Local and Regional Authorities.
B. Federal Treasury. +
B. Individuals.
D. Commercial enterprises.
P 19. The tasks of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation include:
control over the execution of the Federal budget and off-budget funds +
making forecasts of territorial budgets
Execution of the Federal Budget of the Russian Federation
P 20.which body does the Federal Treasury function in?
Of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
Federal Assembly
Presidential Administration
Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation +
С 21. The tasks of the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation in the field of financial control include:
Control over cash execution of the federal budget and off-budget federal funds +
control over the emission of money by the law of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
Control over the timely and full payment of taxes and fees to legal entities
PS 22. Does the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation have the right to check the financial activities of private commercial structures that do not use federal budget funds?
С 23. Can an audit firm declare a commercial enterprise bankrupt?
С 24. Which bodies exercise tax control in the Russian Federation?
audit firms
Central Bank of the Russian Federation
Federal Tax Service +
Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation
Topic 13. Budgeting process
C 1. What is the budgeting process?
the process of drafting, reviewing, approving and executing
budgets +
organizational principles of building a budget system
centralized distribution and redistribution of GDP and personal income between the links of the financial system
C 2. What is budget planning?
the totality of all budgets operating in the country
centralized distribution and redistribution of GDP and personal income between the links of the financial system in the process of drawing up and executing budgets +
the process of drafting, reviewing, approving and executing budgets
organizational principles of building a budget system
P 3. How many stages does the budgetary process in the Russian Federation include?
4 stages +
P 4. How does the 4th stage of the budget process end?
legislative review of the budget
approval of the budget execution report +
legislative approval of the budget
adjusting the main budget indicators in accordance with the financial and economic situation
PS 5. Which of the following is true?
the budget process is included in budget planning
budget planning is included in the budget process +
the budget system is part of the budget process
budget device is included in the budget process
G 6. Does the duration of the budget process differ from country to country?
yes, it differs +
no, it does not differ
PS 7. Principles of the budget process:
unity, completeness, publicity, reality +
chargeability and urgency
material responsibility for the formation of financial reserves
stimulation, control, completeness, independence
P 8. Which body performs the functions of drafting the federal budget?
Central Bank of the Russian Federation
Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation
Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation +
State Duma Committee on Budget, Banks and Finance
PS 9. Accounts of the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation and its local subdivisions are intended for:
execution of budgets
execution of extrabudgetary funds
Execution of budgets and extra-budgetary funds +
settlements between business entities
С 10. Participants in the budgetary process in the Russian Federation are:
individuals: residents and non-residents of the Russian Federation
legal entities: residents and non-residents of the Russian Federation
financial and credit institutions
legislative and executive authorities +
P 11. Legislative authorities of the Russian Federation:
review and approve budgets, as well as reports on their implementation
draw up a draft budget
execute the budget
carry out organizational and methodological work on the preparation and execution of the budget
P 12. Which of the following functions is assigned to the executive authorities of the Russian Federation?
consideration of budgets
approval of reports on budget execution
drafting and budgeting +
approval of budgets
С 13. The functions of the RF Ministry of Finance include:
consideration and approval of the budget
approval of the budget execution report
control over observance of tax legislation, correctness of calculation, completeness and timeliness of tax payments
implementation of organizational, methodological and practical work on the preparation and execution of the budget +
С 14. The consolidated financial balance of the Russian Federation, containing data on the predicted possibilities of accumulating income, attracting borrowings and financing budget expenditures, is compiled for:
for 1 month
for 6 months
С 15. The balance of financial resources includes:
RF income and expenses +
income and expenses of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
household income and expenses
revenues and expenditures of municipalities
P 16. Is the draft federal budget subject to consideration by the Federation Council?
yes, subject to +
no, not subject
С 17. Is it necessary to hold subsequent readings of the federal budget in the State Duma if it has passed 1 reading:
yes, it is necessary +
С 18. What issues are resolved when considering the draft federal budget in the State Duma inIreading?
main characteristics of the federal budget +
allocation of expenses to subsections of the functional classification
adoption of the law on the federal budget as a whole
distribution of expenses by ministries and departments
P 19. The State Duma considers and approves:
federal budget +
regional budgets
local budgets
consolidated budget
P 20 The federal budget is adopted:
By the decree of the President of the Russian Federation
The Law of the Russian Federation "On the Federal Budget" +
other document
Topic 14. Financial policy
PS 1. What is the main element of the financial policy of the state?
State budget
State bodies of financial management
Determination of the goals and objectives of the use of financial relations +
Establishment of a tax system
PS 2. Included in the content of the financial policy of the state
development of a financial mechanism?
In certain cases
PS 3. Included in the content of the financial policy of the state
financial management organization?
In certain cases
С 4. What are the main goals of the state financial policy?
distribution of financial resources and control +
regulation of the economy +
formation of the finances of organizations
research of theoretical issues of the use of financial relations
C 5. Can fiscal objectives form the basis of financial policy
states?
In certain cases
С 6. What is the financial regulation of the economy?
indirect impact on various economic processes
tax reform +
study of budget relations
formation of new types of enterprises
С 7. What is the fiscal orientation of financial policy
states?
ensuring the growth of non-tax revenues
reduction in tax revenues
ensuring a balance of income and expenditures of the state +
organization of public credit
PS 8. Is it possible to regulate different economic processes using the same financial instruments?
in certain cases +
C 9. What is a financial mechanism?
set of taxes and non-tax payments of the state
a set of forms and methods of organizations of financial relations +
various types of enterprise funds
cash income and expenses of the population
С 10. Directive financial mechanism:
established by state bodies and is mandatory for all economic entities on the territory of the country +
determined only by decrees of the President of the Russian Federation
established by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation
controlled by the federal customs service
C 11. Can individual elements of the financial mechanism be determined by legal entities?
in certain cases
C 12. What is the main thrust of classical financial policy?
regulation of the economy
fiscal targets +
Anti-inflationary policy
cyclical regulation
C 13. What is the main focus of the regulatory financial policy?
regulation of the economy +
fiscal targets
anti-inflationary policy
cyclical regulation
PS 14. In which countries have directive financial policies been implemented?
In countries with market economies
In countries with socially oriented economies
In countries with planned economies +
In Western Europe and the USA
PS 15. What is the main type of financial policy currently applied in most countries of the world
fiscal
regulating +
directive
social
Topic 16. Theories of public finance
A. increasing the role of direct taxes;
B. Increasing investment activity of the state;
B. Revolutionary change in the principles of building financial systems;
D. Free competition; non-interference of the state in the economy +
PS 2. What principle of building tax systems does not belong to A. Smith?
A. Equity
B. Elasticity +
B. Convenience
D. Certainties
С 3. The main work of K. Marx is called:
A. “Less is better”;
B. "Capital"; +
C. "Research on the nature and causes of the wealth of peoples"
PS 4. The principle of elasticity of taxation by A. Wagner belongs to the group:
A. Principles of tax management;
B. Principles of equity
B. Financial principles of the organization of taxation; +
D. National economic principles
С 5. "Deficit financing" - a term from the theory:
A. Marxism
B. A. Smith
V. Keynesianism +
PS 6. The financial concept of J. Keynes is based on the following ideas:
A. "Effective demand" +
B. revolutionary transformations;
B. "dynamic transformations";
G. state regulation
PS 7. What is the peculiarity of the reproductive concept of finance?
finance is a system of monetary relations
finance is a distributive relationship
finance is a relationship associated with several stages of reproduction +
C 8.What is the peculiarity of the pay-as-you-go concept of finance
finance is a system of economic relations
finance is a distributive non-equivalent relationship +
finance is a reproductive relationship
finance is distribution and exchange relations
Topic 17. International financial relations
P 1. Is the Russian Federation a member of the IMF?
acts as an "observer".
С 4. The external public debt of the Russian Federation is subdivided:
the debt of the Russian Federation proper; +
debt of private commercial banks to foreign banks;
Debt of the former USSR
C 5. The London Club of Creditors includes:
foreign banks-lenders; +
governments of leading Western countries
C 6. Demonetisation of gold means:
the government's refusal to mint gold coins;
increasing the country's gold reserves;
refusal to recognize the function of a money metal for gold. +
C 7. The balance of payments is:
the ratio of payments made by a given country abroad and receipts received by it from abroad for a certain period of time; +
requirements and obligations of the country in relation to foreign countries.
P 8. The main source of foreign exchange in Russia (choose the correct answer):
import of goods;
foreign investment;
export of oil and gas; +
export of equipment.
From 9. Currency is:
monetary unit of a foreign state; +
international unit of account;
national currency;
precious metals.
P 10. Which body sets the official exchange rate for the ruble?
Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation;
Government of the Russian Federation;
C 11. Restructuring of external debt means:
refusal to repay the debt;
refusal to pay interest on debt;
deferral of debt payments. +
PS 12. Who benefits from the devaluation of the national currency:
importers of goods;
exporters; +
the government of the country;
foreign states.
P 13. Is gold legal tender in developed countries?
PS 14 the role of the state's gold reserve is currently:
determine the rate of the national currency +
means for minting gold coins
serve as a means of settlement for international trade transactions
PS 15. Is it true that external debt restructuring means deferred payments on public debt, including interest:
С 16. Do the central banks of developed countries have the right to issue SDRs?
partially.
С 17. Is it true that the devaluation of the national currency is beneficial for exports of goods?
Since 18. Can the IMF provide a loan for the construction of a large industrial facility in Russia?
PS 20. Does Russia have the right to cover the federal budget deficit with a loan from the IBRD?
PS 21. Main objectives of the Paris Club of Creditors
demand the return of loans from developing countries +
provide a deferral for the repayment of creditors to debtor countries +
C 22. Are Russian exporters obliged to sell foreign exchange earnings to the Central Bank?
are fully obliged
partially owed +
P 26. Exchange rate means:
the purchasing power of the monetary unit;
the price of a monetary unit of one country, expressed in monetary units of other countries or in international monetary units. +
Topic 18. Features of the financial systems of developed countries
С 1. What share of national income is redistributed through the state budgets of developed countries?
A. entire national income
B. more than 40% +
P 2. Developed countries, depending on the state structure, have:
A. two or three link budget system +
B. five-tier budget system
B. ten-tier budget system
P 3. The main revenues to the state budget are as follows:
A. tax revenue +
B. depreciation income
B. rent
PS 4. The German budgetary system is:
A. unitary
B. federal +
B. confederate
PS 5. In a symmetric model of the budgetary system, federations of developed countries use:
A. equal rights +
B. each federation has a special status
PS 6. The budgetary process in developed countries has:
A. two stages - budget review and approval
B. Three Stages - Budgeting, Reviewing, Approving
B. Four Stages - Budgeting, Review, Approval and Execution +
PS 7. In the UK applies:
A. regular-global income tax system +
B. global system
PS 8. The main taxes paid to the budget of developed countries are:
A. income taxes +
B. excise taxes
B. inheritance and gift tax
P 9. Developed countries finance military expenditures:
A. from the state budget +
B. from social security funds
P 10. Extrabudgetary funds of developed countries are:
A. state and territorial special trust funds +
B. depreciation funds of enterprises
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The concept of "finances of organizations". Financial relations of organizations and their structure.
Organization finances Is a system of monetary relations associated with the creation and use of various types of income and savings of an economic entity.
Finances of organizations (enterprises) is a relatively independent sphere of the state finance system, covering a wide range of monetary relations associated with the formation and use of capital, income, monetary funds in the process of the circulation of their funds. It is in this sphere of finance that the bulk of income is formed, which are subsequently redistributed through various channels in the national economic complex and serve as the main source of economic growth and social development of society.
All incomes of subjects of economic relations in the process of reproduction are divided into primary and secondary, received after the redistribution of primary income. They are formed:
· For enterprises - in the form of profit remaining at their disposal and depreciation charges (net cash flow);
For employees (households) - in the form of net wages remaining after taxes and mandatory payments, payments from net profit to shareholders and participants, wages to public sector employees, payments from off-budget social funds;
· From the state - in the form of redistributed income of enterprises to the budget and off-budget funds.
The role of finance in the economic activity of enterprises is manifested in the fact that with their help they carry out:
· Maintenance of the individual circulation of funds, that is, a change in the forms of value. In the process of such a circulation, the monetary form of value turns into a commodity form, and after the completion of the production process and the sale of the finished product, the commodity form of value again appears in the original monetary form (in the form of proceeds from the sale of the finished product);
· Distribution of proceeds from the sale of goods (after payment of indirect taxes) to the fund for reimbursement of material costs, including depreciation deductions, wages fund (including contributions to off-budget funds) and net income acting in the form of profit;
· Redistribution of net income to payments to the budget (profit tax) and profit left at the disposal of the enterprise for industrial and social development;
· Use of the profit left at the disposal of the enterprise (net profit) for consumption funds, accumulations, reserve funds and for other purposes provided for in its financial plan (budget);
· Control over compliance with the correspondence between the movement of material and monetary resources in the process of individual circulation of funds, that is, over the state of liquidity, solvency and financial independence of the enterprise from external sources of financing.
The existence of finance is inextricably linked with the existence of commodity-money relations and the regulatory role of the state. A significant part of the financial relations of enterprises is regulated by civil legislation: the amount and procedure for forming the authorized and reserve capital for enterprises of various organizational and legal forms; the procedure for the placement and redemption of shares; privatization; liquidation; bankruptcy; the order of priority of debiting funds from the current account; the composition of the costs attributed to the cost of production; accounting policy options; objects and rates of taxation and a number of other relations.
The material basis of enterprise finance is the circulation of capital, which in the conditions of commodity-money relations takes the form of money circulation.
Finance statistics of enterprises (organizations) contains indicators that reflect the financial position of enterprises (organizations). Income (loss) from operating activities is a balanced financial result and is determined as the difference between gross income from operating activities and the cost of goods (works, services) sold plus expenses of the period.
Income from operating activities is a balanced financial result and is determined as the difference between income from operating activities and the cost of goods (works, services) sold plus expenses of the period.
Income (loss) from the sale of products (works, services) is reflected net of value added tax, excise taxes, as well as the cost of returned goods, sales discounts and price discounts presented to the buyer.
The essence and significance of the organization's finances
Finance is a system of economic monetary relations associated mainly with the redistribution of GDP and the formation of centralized and decentralized monetary funds.
Finance is a system of monetary relations, associated mainly with the redistribution of profits and the formation of centralized and decentralized monetary funds. Finance relies on accounting, economic and industrial analysis, the current tax system, etc.
All financial relations operate only at the level of enterprises, as legal entities. All financial relationships operating within the enterprise are conditional financial relationships.
Decentralized funds - all funds created at the enterprise level (accumulation fund, consumption fund, reserve fund, depreciation fund).
The difference between a fund and funds: funds = the amount of funds, and the fund = the amount of funds that has a designated purpose. At the enterprise, finances are used from the following economic relations:
1) the relationship between the enterprise and other enterprises in the course of the performed financial and economic activities. Financial relations do not include relations of purchase and sale, exchange, etc., but only the application of financial sanctions for non-performance or poor-quality performance;
2) between enterprises and subdivisions that are part of it. These relationships depend on the structure of the enterprise and financial relationships that arise only between divisions that have independent balances and accounts. These relations can be supplemented by the formation of statutory funds, redistribution of working capital, redistribution of profits, payment of taxes between enterprises;
3) between enterprises and employees regarding the payment of funds, mainly from profits, and the part that falls under state regulation;
4) between the enterprise and the state budget regarding the payment of taxes and regarding the receipt of benefits, targeted financing, government loans in various forms, etc .;
5) between the enterprise and commercial banks regarding the receipt and repayment of loans;
6) between enterprises and investment institutions regarding the formation of free cash resources and their use (investment funds, pension funds, etc.);
7) between the enterprise and higher authorities (holdings, concerns) regarding capital overflow.
Finances at the enterprise perform the following functions:
1) formation - the function provides monetary resources, the circulation of funds in the enterprise, i.e. the function of forming monetary funds. The task is to form cash flows at the enterprise in such a way that all financial flows work and work efficiently. The main indicators are planned;
2) use - the function of using funds and funds;
3) control function - at the enterprises themselves, between enterprises, if there is a violation of the law - at the level of the budget or the state.
The financial market is associated with the circulation of financial capital. The financial flow determines the link in economic relations, where the market for financial capital and financial resources is carried out. Includes 3 links:
1) capital market;
2) the market of credit resources;
3) the money market;
An economic instrument, including finance, carries 2 principles: the first
the second is objective (arising from the economic category), the second is subjective (a tool for implementing the state's economic policy). Influence of finance:
1) quantitative (characterized by the proportions of the distribution process);
2) qualitative (characterized by the impact of finance on the material interests of business entities).
The qualitative side of influence is characterized by proportions in the distribution process; reflects the impact of finance on the material interests of business entities through various forms of organization of financial relations; affects the social product and is associated with the transformation of finance into an incentive for economic development. Such a transformation is possible when the procedure for the formation of income, the conditions and principles of the formation of funds, the directions of their use can be closely linked with the economic interests of business entities.
An economic incentive is a tool that is associated with the material interests of business entities. The conscious use of finance in social production leads to results in which the active role of finance in social production in market conditions is manifested.
Functions and principles of organizing finance
The market economy in the Russian Federation is gaining momentum. Along with it, competition is gaining strength as the main mechanism for regulating the economic process. Competitiveness of any economic entity can only be ensured by the correct management of the movement of financial resources and capital at its disposal.
In today's environment, most enterprises are characterized by a reactive form of financial management, i.e. making management decisions as a reaction to current problems.
When developing an effective financial management system, the main problem of combining the interests of the development of the enterprise constantly arises, the availability of a sufficient level of funds for carrying out the specified development and maintaining the high solvency of the enterprise. The financial well-being of the enterprise as a whole, its owners and employees depends on how efficiently and expediently financial resources are transformed into fixed and circulating assets, as well as into means of stimulating the labor force. Financial resources in these conditions acquire paramount importance, since this is the only type of enterprise resources that can be transformed directly and with a minimum time interval into any other type of resources. Thus, financial management as one of the main functions of the administrative apparatus acquires a key role in a market economy.
Signs of successful financial management can be called a whole system of goals: the survival of the company in a competitive environment; avoiding bankruptcy and major financial setbacks; growth in production and sales; profit maximization; minimization of costs; ensuring profitable operations, etc.
Management of working capital, accounts receivable and payable, accruals and other means of short-term financing - it is in this direction that the main problem of financial management is most clearly manifested.
Skillful economic strategy, rational policy in the field of finance allow the company to maintain business activity, profitability and a high reputation of a reliable partner for many years. In a market economy, the leading role belongs to financial analysis, thanks to which it is possible to effectively manage financial resources. Financial analysis is a multipurpose tool. With its help, well-grounded financial decisions are made, the resources available to the enterprise are assessed, trends in their use are revealed, forecasts for the development of the enterprise for the near and long term are developed.
An enterprise that is seriously committed to analytical work is able to recognize an impending crisis earlier, respond quickly to it and are more likely to avoid "troubles" or reduce the degree of risk.
In an effort to resolve specific issues and get a qualified assessment of the financial situation, business leaders are increasingly beginning to resort to the help of financial analysis. At the same time, they expect to receive a specific opinion on the sufficiency of means of payment, normal ratios of equity and borrowed capital, the rate of capital turnover and the reasons for its change, types of financing for certain types of activities.
The main components of the financial analysis of the enterprise are: analysis of financial statements, calculation of financial ratios. The quality of financial analysis depends on the methodology used, the reliability of the accounting data.
Monetary relations turn into financial ones when the movement of money acquires a certain independence: as a result of the production of goods and their sale, monetary incomes (financial resources) of enterprises are formed, which are subsequently used.
The finances of the enterprise are monetary relations associated with the formation and distribution of financial resources. Financial resources are formed at the expense of such sources as: own and equivalent funds (equity capital, share contributions, profit from core activities, earmarked receipts, etc.); mobilized in the financial market as a result of operations with securities; arriving in the order of redistribution.
The company's finances ensure the circulation of fixed and circulating capital and relationships with the state budget, tax authorities, banks, insurance companies and other institutions of the financial and credit system.
The process of functioning of any enterprise is cyclical. Within one cycle, the following are carried out: attraction of the necessary resources, their connection in the production process, the sale of manufactured products and the receipt of final financial results. In a market economy, there is a shift in priorities in the objects and target settings of the management system of the economic object.
In a market economy, effective management involves the optimization of the resource potential of the enterprise. In this situation, the importance of effective management of financial resources is sharply increased. The financial well-being of the enterprise as a whole, its owners and employees depends on how efficiently and expediently they are transformed into fixed and circulating assets, as well as into means of stimulating the labor force. In these conditions, financial resources become of paramount importance, since this is the only type of enterprise resources that can be transformed directly and with a minimum time period into any other type of resources. To one degree or another, the role of financial resources is important at all levels of management (strategic, tactical, operational), but it acquires particular importance in terms of the development strategy of the enterprise. Thus, financial management as one of the main functions of the administrative apparatus acquires a key role in a market economy. Enterprise finance has three main functions:
* formation, maintenance of the optimal structure and increasing the production potential of the enterprise;
* provision of current financial and economic activities;
* ensuring the participation of the enterprise in the implementation of social policy.
Any business starts by asking and answering the following three key questions:
1. What should be the size and the optimal composition of the company's assets to achieve the goals and objectives set for the enterprise?
2. Where to find funding sources and what should be their optimal composition?
3. How to organize the current and long-term management of financial activities, ensuring the solvency and financial stability of the enterprise?
These issues are resolved within the framework of financial management, which is one of the key subsystems of the overall enterprise management system.
The organizational structure of the financial management system of an enterprise can be built in various ways depending on the size of the enterprise and the type of its activity. The main thing that should be noted in the work of a financial manager is that it either forms part of the work of the top management of the firm, or is associated with providing him with analytical information necessary and useful for making management decisions of a financial nature. Regardless of the organizational structure of the enterprise, the financial manager is responsible for analyzing financial problems, making decisions or making recommendations to senior management in some cases.
Financial management methods are diverse. The main ones are: forecasting, planning, taxation, insurance, self-financing, lending, settlement system, financial assistance system, financial sanctions system, depreciation system, incentive system, pricing principles, trust operations, pledge operations, factoring, rent, leasing.
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1. Sign of the classification of finance, not related to the main ...
subjective
object
formal
social
2. Subject financial system does not include ...
personal finance
formal finance
international finance
organization finances
3. The main meaning of the finances of organizations ...
redistribute the value of GDP
mediate the creation and distribution of new value
provide control over the interaction of production assets
contribute to the production of goods.
4. The main trend of the modern structure of the financial system of society.
world GDP growth
increasing the role of citizens' finance
strengthening the role of international finance
financial intensification of organizations
5. The finances of organizations are called basic in the subject financial system because ...
GDP is created in organizations
in organizations, the implementation and distribution of new value takes place
organizations produce material goods
the organization is the main link of the economy
6. The increasing role of citizens' finances in a market economy is due to ...
the primary role of private property in society
growing needs of members of society
socially oriented policies
action of commodity-money relations
7. Public finance includes ... finance.
federal
federal and regional
federal, regional and municipal
international, federal, regional and municipal
8. Informal finance is ...
secondary finance
extralegal finance
private finance
episodic
9. According to the degree of orderliness, financial relations cannot be ...
systematic
forward-looking
gentlemanly
chaotic
10. The most quantitatively significant sphere of finance
public finance
international finance
personal finance
organization finances
11. Public finance is called the main one in the subject financial system because ...
a significant part of GDP passes through the state
the state provides support for the disabled
the state ensures the formation, distribution and redistribution of funds of individuals
the state meets the general needs of people
12. The financial system of society is ...
a set of spheres expressing the relationship of subjects regarding changes in a monetary object
the totality of funds of all subjects
specific form of state budget implementation
set of national budgets
13. The function of the financial system is not ...
distribution of monetary resources between the subjects of society
control of the movement and use of financial resources of the subjects of society
redistribution of monetary resources between subjects of society
prevention of losses of company entities
14. Poor citizens can be subjects of international finance.
Yes
No
only theoretically
15. Funds not related to the object classification of finance?
consumer
commodity
investment
insurance
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