Piglet breeding as a business. Raising pigs at home as a business. Costs and Potential Profitability of a Pig Business

In times of crisis and when the country is prosperous, people will buy meat. Roast, pies, dumplings, bacon - all this is popular with us. Calves are also raised, but not always at home it is possible to sell so much meat at once. It is much more profitable to make a pig business. Moreover, this business, even at home, is profitable.

Pig farming is a very profitable business

Why is it profitable to raise pigs

Why is it profitable to breed pigs as a business? At home, they keep both rabbits and sheep, etc., but it is the pigs that will bring profit. Why?

They gain kilograms faster than calves or sheep. If you feed these animals correctly, then already at the age of six months they weigh 100 kg, and they can be sent for meat. If a newly born piglet weighs 1.5 kg, then by the age of one week its weight almost doubles.
Pigs reproduce quickly and are very fertile. One sow brings about 12-15 piglets, but this is not the limit. When compared with cows or sheep, the numbers differ several times.
They do not suffer from dangerous diseases.
It does not take much time to feed the offspring. One sow gives 20-30 babies a year. Piglets develop for short term: the sow carries offspring for 3 months or a little longer, then feeds them for a month or two. The pigs are already in this early age can live without a mother.
Doesn't require a lot of feed. Piglets gain weight quickly and the amount of meat obtained from these animals is 4 times more than from cattle. And the pig eats about a third less than the rest, which are also bred for meat. The pig's body can maximally assimilate the food it receives, i.e. about a third of all those substances that it receives from food. Whereas the same chicken assimilates only a fifth of the feed.
The slaughter yield of meat is high. Keeping pigs for meat is also beneficial because they have little waste - about 15%, while cows have at least 40%.
The meat of these animals is in demand. In Russia and a number of other countries, pork is a favorite dish, so it will not be difficult to sell the product.

As we can see, pig farming is profitable as a business. But this is only if you follow all the rules for keeping animals at home.

Piglets gain weight 4 times faster than calves

What you need to breed pigs

Pig breeding as a business will be profitable if at home the pigs are provided with everything the necessary conditions... Initial costs are indispensable. Therefore, you should first draw up a business plan for breeding pigs. Then compare the costs of growing and the estimated profit and, focusing on prices, weigh everything. What is needed to create your own pig farm at home?

Pig farming requires capital investment like any other business.

Piglets

It doesn't matter if you want to build a farm or plan to raise pigs at home, before buying it is worth reading about the advantages or disadvantages different breeds pigs. They are all divided into:

bacon;
greasy;
greasy meat.

There are a lot of pig breeds, but the most common in Russia is the white large. This breed produces both meat and lard. A one-year-old boar gains 350 kg a year, and a female - 250. If the diet is correctly calculated at home, then this is not the limit, animals can be even larger.

White large is one of the most popular breeds.

It is better to buy piglets at 2 months old, strong, healthy. At this age, the weight of a piglet is 15-16 kg, but if its weight is not more than 6, then it is only a month old. What to look for when choosing a pig:

mobility;
whether the piglet is breathing evenly;
the bristles are shiny;
patch, mouth and membranes near the eyes are pink;
eyes - mobile, all the time "running";
piglets grab food in their mouths instead of sucking it in.

Premises

Even if you breed pigs at home, raising these animals is impossible without a place where you will keep them. Pigs are unpretentious, but they need warmth and cleanliness. It is necessary to build at least a barn for them.

The shed should not be built of reinforced concrete or concrete, because it will be cold in winter.

The optimum temperature for keeping animals is 18-20 degrees, but it is desirable that it does not fall below 11 degrees.

The pigsty should be comfortable for its inhabitants

So that animals do not damage their hooves, the floor is not made hard, from a thick board. It is made at an angle so that the urine drains into a special trough near the wall. Then there will be no problems with cleaning the room. If you do not comply sanitary conditions, the animals will constantly get sick. We will also have to install pens for pigs, drinkers and feeders. One pig has 3 square meters of area. It is advisable that a walk was built in front of the barn.

Feeding

If you want to start a pig raising business, you cannot skimp on feed. It is from a balanced diet that determines whether the animals will gain weight. Also, the quality of the feed is reflected in the taste of the meat. There are three categories of feed that can be fed to a pig at home.

It is better to use feed categories 1 and 2 or combine them.

Feed of the first category: grain (wheat, rye, barley), peas, beans, beets, carrots.
Forage of the second category: clover, alfalfa and other herbs.
Feed of the third category: corn, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat bran, beet molasses, potato pulp, etc.

If it is necessary to increase the meat, the pig is fed with green fodder, and to increase the fat, they give root crops, potatoes, barley and corn.

Corn promotes weight gain

Other expenses

If you want a profit from the pig farming business, you will have to purchase the highest quality feed. But, when making a business plan for raising pigs, remember that there will be other costs. So, animals will have to get the necessary vaccinations, and going to the veterinarian now also costs money, like the vaccines themselves.

It's one thing if you breed animals at home, for yourself and for selling meat to neighbors and friends. Then this is an ordinary household farm.

But if you keep 100-200 pigs, this is already a mini-farm that needs to be registered as an enterprise and pay taxes on it.

It is better to make an individual entrepreneur, which does not require a lot of effort and money, and then taxes are collected according to a simplified scheme. In addition, you cannot keep track of such an economy alone, so you will have to hire people and pay them wages. Raising pigs at home will be a good way to make money if you calculate everything and find companions who will supply feed or accept ready-made products. Even at home, raising piglets is beneficial, because fresh meat has always been in the price, and buying it in the store is a significant part of the family budget.

The society is of the opinion that pig breeding as a business is a highly profitable and uncomplicated business. Is this really so, and why then do not all pig breeders become millionaires without much effort? If you are looking to start a livestock business, pig farming can be a great option, but you must be prepared for the reality and understand that pig farming also requires investment and labor like any other industry. Agriculture.

Sample business plan for breeding pigs

Don't expect pigs to thrive in all conditions and gain weight quickly on kitchen scraps alone. To make good money on the sale of high-quality pork and young animals, you will need to build a solid barn for pigs, equip it in accordance with all requirements, feed the animals with a variety of nutritious food, monitor their health, regularly clean the pigsty and pay attention to breeding work.

Pig breeding can be a good start for a business from scratch, since for a start it is enough to buy a couple of dozen pigs and gradually expand your farm if things go well. Young animals can be sold from the fourth month of life, earning money from the sale of meat, lard and skins. In addition to the farm, you can organize your own smokehouse to generate income from your own smoked pork.

Video about the business idea of breeding pigs

It will be possible to understand whether it is profitable to breed pigs only after drawing up detailed business plan taking into account all the features of this livestock industry. Much will depend on which one you prefer. So, with cold keeping, the costs of building a pig farm will decrease several times, another question is whether you will be able to raise a healthy livestock of pigs in such conditions. There are many options for reducing the initial cost of starting a pig farm, some of which we will discuss below.

The financial part of the pig breeding business plan is calculated as follows: for the construction of the premises and for the purchase necessary equipment it will take 1 million rubles each, for the salary of personnel - up to 1.2 million rubles per year, for the purchase of feed - 300 thousand rubles. in year. Total for the start will require about 3,500,000 rubles. Income from the sale of young animals will amount to 600 thousand rubles. per year, and from the sale of meat - 1.1 million rubles. per year, which together will amount to 1,700,000 rubles. in year. According to these calculations, the payback period for the pig farm will be about two to three years.

Pig breeding

When drawing up a business plan, do not forget to include the costs of veterinarian services and mandatory vaccinations for piglets in order to avoid the spread of infectious diseases that can destroy all livestock.

Of course, this is a very arbitrary calculation, and the numbers will vary greatly, taking into account various factors. For example, you can build a house for pigs on your own from scrap materials or buy an old pig farm and renovate it. By manufacturing, you will significantly reduce the initial cost of equipping the pigsty, and the use of modern equipment will almost completely eliminate manual labor, reducing the cost of personnel salaries. Although the majority of domestic businessmen still prefer to work the old-fashioned way than spend money on the automation of a pig farm.

Pig feeding

In terms of feed, in the summer you can prepare your own grass for the pigs and use the roots from your garden as succulent feed all year round. But it will not be possible to do without compound feed, vitamin complexes and special feed additives in the industrial breeding of pigs, because the quality of the meat obtained depends on the pigs ration.

Success secrets or how to make pig farming more profitable

Experts estimate the profitability of pig breeding as a business at 30%, but this is far from the limit, and if you wish, you can achieve higher rates.

Pig video

To make pig breeding really highly profitable business , use the following guidelines:

choose the breed of pigs most suitable for your purposes and pay special attention to the selection of piglets - it is better to purchase females and males from different suppliers in order to avoid genetic mutations, and when buying sows, take into account their performance, milk yield, number of teats and the safety of the brood;
do not allow drafts and dampness in the pigsty, periodically disinfect the premises, destroy insects and rodents;
take care of creating suitable conditions for pregnant sows;
hire experienced professional workers- for a large pig-breeding complex, a veterinarian, a livestock technician, several pig breeders and handymen will be required;
provide pigs with high-quality, nutritious, vitamin feed, while keeping in mind that feeding boars, pregnant sows and young animals has its own characteristics;
do not forget about vaccination and regular inspection animals by a veterinarian, so as not to miss the first manifestations of diseases.

Provide your pigs with quality, nutritious, vitamin-rich feed

Taking into account all the above recommendations, pig breeding as a business can be very profitable, because high-quality pork is always in demand. The main thing is to correctly draw up a business plan, evaluate everything possible risks and think over ways to reduce them, as well as draw up an income plan and calculate the break-even level of sales.

Pig breeding is profitable business among the owners of private houses. This does not require large material investments. In addition, high-quality meat is used in great demand among the population. Subject to all the nuances, the investment quickly pays for itself. Today we will take a closer look at pig farming as a business: where to start, how to succeed and how much you can earn from it.

When drawing up a business plan, you should rely on the following recommendations:

In the main document, you will need to indicate all your sources of income. Only real earnings should be indicated.
Next, you need to list the order of legal acts regarding such entrepreneurial activity... Farms are actively supported by the state. Therefore with local authorities management problems shouldn't be.
All addresses of organizations must be specified. For example, the location of a plot that is planned to be rented.
If it is necessary to take a loan, it is recommended to draw up a business plan with the help of an economist, and then refer it to the bank's credit department for consideration.
The list of required equipment, contact details of suppliers should be indicated.

After drawing up such documents, the further profitability of the case will be clear. And then you can start organizational actions.

Video - How to write a business plan without experience?

Pig farming: is it a profitable business?

The main advantages of pig breeding:

Pigs are animals that assimilate food by almost a third. While in chickens, this figure is 20%.
Meat output after slaughter. Waste of pig carcasses is less than 20%.
Litter. The sow carries offspring a little over 3 months. She can give birth to up to 15 piglets at a time. It will take her 1-2 months to feed them. In total, she will be able to bring 25-30 piglets per year. For example, a cow in the same period of time will be able to give birth to only 1-2 calves.
It will take about 6 months for the piglets to gain weight up to 90-100 kg. This means that one adult sow can produce about 2500-2800 kg of meat in 12 months.

For the normal growth of young animals, it will be necessary to create appropriate conditions. It is important for a farmer to correctly calculate all the costs of purchasing equipment.

Breed selection

Choosing a particular breed, one should take into account the climatic conditions of the area. Russian farmers raise more than 25 varieties of pigs. However, there are several main breeds that are especially popular with the population.

Table 1. Choice of beef breed

Breed	Description
	A meat-feeding pig breed, which even beginners are engaged in raising. The sow has good fertility - about 14 piglets per year. The only downside is that such pigs are often obese and do not tolerate cold well. The weight of an adult pig is about 180-200 kg.
	Meat breed of pig, it is distinguished by high productivity. This breed is resistant to various diseases. The profit of pure meat is over 155 kg.
	This breed is resistant to hot steppe climate. Adult pigs weigh more than 240 kg. Sows bring about 13-14 piglets per year. Juveniles, in the presence of normal nutrition, rapidly develop and gain weight.
	Animals tolerate cold climates without any problems. A sow gives about 12 piglets per year. An adult pig weighs more than 200 kg.
	resistant to various diseases, omnivorous. Low productivity is distinguished from the disadvantages. The uterus gives birth to about 9 piglets per year. The weight of an adult pig is about 95-130 kg.
	This is an American breed of pig, which is distinguished by its large weight up to 290 kg. Piglets are gaining weight rapidly, about 1 kg per day. A sow can give about 9-10 piglets at a time.

Basically, farmers prefer to purchase piglets in the spring. However, you can buy it in winter if you have an insulated room. The optimal age of the young is 1.5 months. At this age, they are already able to grow without a mother, quite independent.

Basic requirements for a pig breeding room

For an average pig farm of 100 heads, you will need to allocate a plot of at least 600 - 650 square meters. Only the third part is occupied by the premises of the pigsty itself.

For such purposes, a ready-made shed or an ownerless building is suitable. However, in the absence of such an opportunity, you will have to build a pigsty. This will require:

concrete floor;
separate sections for keeping pigs, at least 3 square meters;
wooden partitions;
high-quality insulation for the ceiling, walls;
recesses in the floor for quick cleaning of waste;
ventilation holes;
lighting.

Pigs also need bedding, which is changed periodically. For such purposes, ordinary straw or sawdust is suitable. Feeders and drinkers for animals must be intact, without any holes. Because liquid food and water getting into a pigsty is fraught with constant dampness and dirt.

- a useful and economical purchase, it serves for at least 3 years, subject to the rules of operation, and its shelf life is unlimited.

Do not forget that for the construction of a pig farm, an appropriate permit will be required. Such an object should not be located near bodies of water. It is forbidden to build farms in urban areas, only in rural areas.

If desired, in some villages you can find an old abandoned pig farm. However, before use, the room needs to be thoroughly disinfected.

The optimum temperature in the pigsty is from 17 to 23 degrees. Do not allow the room temperature to drop below 13 degrees. Otherwise, the animals will begin to freeze and lose weight.
The normal height of the ceilings is 2.5-2.8 meters.
The walls around the perimeter of the pigsty need plastering and whitewashing.
The concrete floor will need to be covered with wooden boards with special holes.
The pen should be a feeding and walking area.

It is necessary to build the following objects on the pig farm:

maternity building;
compartment for sows;
feeding room;
volumetric refrigerator;
grain warehouse;
water source;
slaughterhouse site;
transformer box;
sanitary room;
fenced entrance.

The most inexpensive heating method is devices for direct fuel combustion. For a room with young animals, special mats are used, where water from the boiler enters.

Video - Keeping pigs on deep bedding

Feeding and breeding pigs

The pig is an unpretentious animal that accepts both plant and animal food. Feeding directly affects the quality of meat products. Therefore, it is not worth giving pigs a large amount of carbohydrate feed, because of such a diet, they quickly gain fat mass.

When feeding the livestock with potato tubers, you will need to drain the water after cooking. The liquid contains corned beef, which is hazardous to animal health. Tubers must be thoroughly washed from dirt before cooking.

It is forbidden to feed pigs with raw fish products and their waste. Stale food with signs of rotting, mold is also not suitable as feed. It is advisable to give any root vegetables only boiled. Pigs willingly eat pumpkin, which in turn is an anthelmintic therapy.

On average, the maintenance of 100 pigs per year will require about 90 tons of grain mixture and compound feed, which is the basis of nutrition. Feed should be stored on average 4 months in advance to prevent starvation of the animals. You will need to feed them up to 4 times a day.

In the warm season, hay will have to be prepared for the winter at the rate of 1-1.5 kg per head. In summer, greens make up half of their diet. Pigs are fattened for meat or lard. Feeding for meat is stopped upon reaching 110-120 kg. Further, the profitability of further cultivation is lost and the pig is sent for slaughter.

In order to obtain fat, pigs are fed with the help of root crops, corn, Jerusalem artichoke. To be more effective, the diet should be made up by a person with appropriate pig farming experience. It is not necessary to purchase low-grade feed in order to save the budget. Otherwise, you can lose the entire livestock.

V summer time years for animals great importance has water. Drinkers must be constantly filled with liquid. Otherwise, the pigs will have no appetite and will lose weight. While walking, they will need to provide a trough of water for bathing. It is advisable to add a manganese solution there for the purpose of disinfection. Pigs must be washed with a special brush at least once a week.

Sows occur at the age of 9-11 months. It is during this period that the maximum possible multiple pregnancy is observed. Sows are used on average for about 2 years.

Staff costs

When preparing documentation, a novice farmer needs to include staff costs in the cost plan:

Veterinarian. The average person who has never been involved in pig farming is unlikely to know about the intricacies of animal health. Therefore, you will need the help of a professional who will monitor the vaccination of the livestock, diseases. For such purposes, you can periodically hire a doctor to conduct an examination.
Livestock specialist. Such a specialist is responsible for the serviceability of the slaughtering equipment. And also monitors the cutting of meat for further sale.
Ancillary workers. Managing a large farm on your own is a daunting task. Therefore, you will need to invite 2-3 people to work for cleaning the premises, feeding the pigs.

It's just mandatory list employees, a large organization requires staff expansion. The exact number of hired staff will depend on the size farms... Sometimes required Additional services electricians, tractor drivers, truck drivers.

Control of documentation and the process of obtaining finished products is the task of the manager

Expenses include not only the payment of wages, but also sick leave, maternity, leave, and bonuses (at the discretion of the manager) for the performance of work. Also, staff will need to provide meals and lunch breaks. It is difficult to calculate the exact amount of staff income because it depends on the region where the farm is located. On average, employees will have to spend at least 1,300,000 rubles a year on wages.

Costs and Potential Profitability of a Pig Business

When building a farm for 100 heads, you will have to spend at least 30,000,000 rubles, excluding employees' salaries. However, it is worth considering that from each sow you can get up to 20-30 piglets per year. In 6-12 months, they grow to 100-125 kg on average. The total yield of finished products (lard and meat) is about 80% of the live weight. At the same time, by selling entrails and skins, you can slightly increase income.

For the year, the profit of the farm will be about 9,000,000 rubles. Given this rapid growth in piglets and the popularity of the product, the farm pays for itself within a few years.

The complexities of pig breeding

Like any business, pig farming has its own risks:

Search for investors. Finding solvent investors for building a farm will need to draw up the right business plan.
Diseases of animals. In the event of an epidemic of any dangerous disease, you will have to completely destroy all pigs and disinfect the territory. This is costly for the owner.
Competitiveness. Due to the process of industrialization of farms, the farming industry has suffered greatly.

Such a business is suitable for people who are ready to work with their own hands. Because this industry requires some pretty hard physical work.

When organizing a farm, you should take into account the advice of specialists:

sell both finished products (meat, bacon) and young animals;
it is recommended to purchase only thoroughbred pigs with high productivity;
buy young animals from different breeders in order to prevent degeneration;
pigs meat breeds it is necessary to intensively feed immediately after purchase;
in order to replenish the selection, you can rent boars from other farms.

It is necessary to carefully analyze these conditions and figures once again, and only then to start the opening of the farm. For some businessmen, pig farming is very successful.

Video - Business on pigs

Pig waste disposal

Already at the stage of developing a farm, the need for disposal of farm waste should be taken into account. In the conditions of Russian settlements, it is quite common for manure to be stored for about a year behind special fences, and then sent for incineration.

Manure should not be stored longer than the prescribed time. Because a dense crust forms on the surface, which can only be removed with the help of an excavator. Such measures often lead to damage to the manure storage facility, which incurs additional costs.

How to improve the efficiency of the pig farm?

To increase efficiency, young animals from their own sows are used in the future. There is no need to buy additional piglets. Another important aspect profit is the expansion of production. It is possible under the same conditions to build equipment for smoking meat and sell finished products to the population. Homemade sausages are also in demand. Cutlets and other frozen semi-finished products. However, for these purposes it will be necessary to attract additional personnel. Therefore, it is advisable to immediately assess the risks.

Even from a small farm, you can, if you wish, create a large farm. Moreover, there is an opportunity to get subsidized loans from the state.

Summing up

Before starting the construction of a pigsty and buying young animals, a beginner in the pig industry will need the advice of an experienced farmer. In this matter, it is worthwhile to rationally assess your capabilities.

2018-01-25 Igor Novitsky

The high profitability of pork meat and large annual production volumes will make it possible to profitably sell products on the market, with minimal costs to agro-industrial enterprises, which means that this is a very promising and profitable sector of the economy, which is profitable to develop in our country!

Difficult economic circumstances in which found herself the Russian Federation at the moment, made many types of entrepreneurial activities unprofitable or significantly reduced the attractiveness of investments in them. However, at any time for a competent investor there is always an interesting sphere of agriculture, especially for small and medium-sized businesses. Even in the most severe economic crisis, people will not stop eating, and therefore the demand for food remains stable, only its structure changes. To date, the agricultural sector demonstrates the best performance in Russian economy, leaving far behind the once super-profitable oil and gas business.

Pig farming as a business

According to analytical data, pig breeding is one of the most profitable industries in the Russian livestock sector, giving on average about 20% of net profit. For comparison, the level of profitability in poultry farming is about 17%, and in cattle breeding (the industry most favored by the state) - only 8%.

Such attractive indicators are explained by the fact that, on the one hand, the production cycle in pig breeding is rather short (piglets acquire marketable condition already by 6 months), and on the other hand, pigs are the most unpretentious farm animals in matters of feed. Additional positive factors can also be considered a high fertility of sows and a low susceptibility of these animals to various kinds of diseases.

One sow brings on average about 12-15 piglets at a time, and in some cases even more. For comparison, a cow rarely produces more than one calf at a time, sheep and goats produce 1-2 calves at a time. At the same time, the gestation period in pigs is a little more than 3 months, plus another 1-2 months is needed to feed the offspring. After that, the piglets can already be taken away from the mother. In practice, one sow can produce up to 30 piglets per year, which is simply not comparable to the capabilities of cows and sheep and explains why raising pigs and piglets is such a profitable activity.

The weight of newborn piglets is about 1.5 kg, but after 7-8 days their body weight doubles. With intensive feeding, after six months, the little piglet turns into a well-fed 100-kilogram pig, which is quite ready for sale. After some simple calculations, it becomes clear that one sow in the end gives about three tons of meat per year. This is 4 times more than the most productive breed of cows can give. It should be borne in mind that pigs, on average, need a third less feed than other farm animals raised for meat.

Finally, pigs have high meat yields per animal. Waste that cannot be sold (or sold at a penny price) accounts for only about 15-20% of the live weight of a pig, while in cattle this figure is within 40%.

Pigs are deservedly considered one of the most unpretentious farm animals. In private village farmsteads, they are kept in dirty barns and sheds, where cleaning is not done for months. Even in such conditions, pigs feel good enough, for which they received the fame of dirty animals. However, if you put their breeding on commercial basis, then you should still create more civilized conditions for the pigs. This should be done not for humanistic reasons, but for the sake of increasing the productivity of animals. For example, pigs can live quietly in a fairly cold room, but then their energy will not go into increasing mass, but into self-warming of the animal.

The correct breeding technique for pigs involves keeping them in a room where the following conditions are met:

the air temperature is not lower than + 11 ° С, preferably even higher; for small pigs, + 18-20 ° C degrees is absolutely necessary;
good ventilation;
walls and ceilings are recommended to be disinfected with lime whitewash, which should be regularly renewed;
it is highly desirable to make the floors of wood, providing a slight slope;
windows are certainly needed so that the room is illuminated with natural light and can be freely ventilated if necessary.

When building a pigsty, it is important to pay maximum attention to the arrangement of the floors. The simplest option is a concrete screed, on top of which a wooden floor made of knocked down boards is laid at a slight slope (so that waste can flow down).

In order for the pigs to be comfortable and they can gain weight faster, the area of the pigsty should be correctly calculated. According to the calculations of experts, one pig for fattening requires 3, and preferably 4 square meters. The sow, which must be kept in a separate cage, needs 5 square meters. It is highly desirable to provide areas for walking young animals. Also, do not forget about the need to highlight the passages between the corrals, technical and utility rooms.

Pig farm equipment

Although the cost of purchasing feed, heating and lighting pigsties is quite a significant amount, the cost of remuneration of farm personnel will also become very significant. The mechanization and automation of production processes will significantly reduce the running costs of breeding and keeping animals, but will radically increase the start-up investment.

The biggest labor costs in breeding and caring for pigs are associated with animal feeding and waste disposal. There are many models of drinkers and feed systems on the market. Since dry feed dispensers are significantly less expensive than liquid feed systems, it is recommended to start with dry feed. In addition, it is much easier to certify a farm with a dry feed distribution system, since the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service is extremely wary of liquid feed.

In addition to food, animals need a lot of water. This issue can be solved with the help of a pipe system (nowadays plastic is mainly used), drinkers, pumps, filters and a medicator (a device that adds vaccines to water).

Finally, the process of waste collection should be automated and mechanized as much as possible. Depending on the configuration and design of the room, a variety of devices can be used: mechanical (scraper conveyors, rope-scraper installations, bulldozers) and hydraulic (gravity or forced flushing of the gutter).

If we use all modern possibilities for the automation of production processes, then a large farm for several hundred heads will be able to serve only 3-5 people.

Diet and feed

Pig farming as a business involves a conscious commitment to maximizing animal performance. And this can only be achieved if the animals receive a balanced diet of feed. It depends on him how quickly the pigs gain the optimal weight for slaughter, and the cost of meat depends on the speed. The influence of feed on the taste characteristics of the finished product is also great.

The optimal feed composition to maximize animal maturity and meat quality includes wheat, barley and rye grains, as well as peas, beans, beets and carrots. It is allowed to add milk whey and herbs (clover, alfalfa, etc.) to the feed, but the presence of potatoes, corn, buckwheat, beet molasses and wheat bran in the diet of pigs negatively affects the growth rate of animal weight and the quality of meat.

Pig experts distinguish between two feeding systems that are used to breed purebred pigs. One of them is focused on obtaining maximum meat, and the second - lard. In Russia, the most common in livestock business received the first type of fattening. According to this system, pigs are fed at the age of 3 to 7 months, after which this type of feeding becomes irrelevant due to the physiological characteristics of pigs, in which, when a mass of 110 kg is reached, the growth of muscle mass stops and the growth of body fat begins. The meat feeding system is based on succulent and green feed, while the growth of fat increases with the dominance of root crops, corn and barley in the diet.

Pig business profitability

To calculate the profitability of production, it is necessary to take into account both the initial costs and operating costs, and all types of products obtained (not only meat and lard, but also manure, which also costs money). Initial investments can include the following items:

land acquisition;
construction of pigsties;
purchase of equipment;
purchase of starting livestock (it is preferable to use the best breeds of pigs for breeding).

Current costs include.

Many roads are now open for aspiring entrepreneurs to create own business nowadays it is easier than ever before. Most often, young businessmen choose the agro-industrial direction. This includes pig breeding as a business. Profitability, business plan, feedback from experienced and successful entrepreneurs in this area - we will consider all this today.

What is it?

You can understand the success and demand by assessing the amount of pork consumed by Russians in one year - this is about two million tons.

Creation pig farm only encouraged, because the course lies on the reduction of foreign products and the promotion of domestic. It is also worth noting that due to the large reduction in imported pork, there is a kind of shortage on the shelves. That is why it is worthwhile to quickly merge into this sphere.

Advantages:

Quite short time intervals in which piglets have time to grow up for slaughter.
Finished products, that is, pork, allows you to fully pay for itself, practically leaving behind unsold waste (5% per 100 kilos).
It will not take a lot of money to create a medium-sized working economy.
Standard sows are capable of producing 10-12 new piglets per cycle.

The above tells us to build our own new business on raising pigs for slaughter is really profitable, especially if you carefully and carefully approach the organization of the business plan and work planning.

What do you need to implement the project?

Many experienced owners this business advise beginners not to try to jump over their heads, starting a small farm for a start with 10-20 heads. The project can even start in your country house or on your personal site, and completely without registration.

Official registration will be required in the future with the expansion of business to work directly with stores and large firms. By law, the farmer has the right to engage in the sale of surplus personal produce. You do not have to pay tax for the sale of goods. What you really need is:

an area sufficient to build a pigsty and run pigs in a fenced enclosure;
the pigsty itself and the pen;
piglets;
stern;
start-up capital.

We equip the future pigsty

The initial organization of pig breeding requires the search for a land area of 150 square meters for 10 heads. About a third of the area will be occupied directly by the pigsty.

Any shed or ownerless building is perfect for such a room. If nothing like this is available, you will have to start building. You should have at your disposal:

Concrete floor.
Pork sections divided by two square meters.
Reinforced with wood or plywood partitions between these sections.
Heat-resistant coating of walls and ceilings.
Special "baths" in the floor for more convenient cleaning of manure and other waste from the pig farm.
High quality ventilation.
Lighting.

It is also worth taking care of a good litter for the pigs. As materials, you can take, for example, straw or sawdust. Do not forget about special feeders and drinking bowls, which, by the way, must necessarily be airtight, like a siphon, so that water and food do not pollute the floor, spreading enough dampness.

Choosing the best breed for breeding

Basically, in industrial pig breeding, there are three categories of breeding pigs:

Universal - suitable for both meat and lard. Meaty enough and extremely popular. The most famous and purchased representatives of breeds of similar pigs: Mangalitsa, Korean and Chinese.
Meat and bacon - white pigs with a long body and pronounced hams and sirloin area. Most often bought: Vizlobryukhaya Vietnamese, Duroc and Donskaya Myasnaya.
Meat - black and having a rather variegated color and low fertility. Specifically intended for meat. Most bought: Ukrainian Steppe and Mirgorod.

We buy young growth correctly

The number of purchased heads depends on your capabilities. The optimal ratio is a boar and 8 sows per 150 pig heads. In this case, organizing a business plan for a pig farm, for example, for 100 piglets, it is worth buying one boar and 6 sows. At the same time, mini-slaughterhouses with a much smaller number of heads are also effective.

Small production also has the right to exist, but, if possible, it is worth starting with at least a hundred heads. When choosing the pigs themselves, do not hesitate to ask the owners questions, inspect the young animals and travel to several different farms in search of better option.

It is important to learn about the pedigree, and in several generations at once, because this protects you from possible problems associated with closely related mating or mixing of different breeds. In addition, it is worth assessing the productivity of the parents, because it is from them that such qualities as high fertility and good health are transmitted to the piglet, which is clearly expressed in profitability.

Do not rush to make a choice, because it depends on the purchase of young animals how much the investment in your pig breeding business will pay off, how high the sales will be, and whether you will lose money. V Lately beginners buy exactly Vietnamese and other Asian pigs, because they are better suited for making quality pork and bacon. They are worth describing as:

Highly fertile (in the case of sows).
Extremely productive in terms of meat availability.
Great for making bacon.
They have an extremely positive reputation both with other farmers and with meat customers.
Really well resistant to various kinds of diseases.

Avoid having two boars or a boar and a pig in the same section. Pigsty organization also requires that the sow and piglets be kept separate from others altogether. In addition, there are certain rules for feeding pigs.

It is important to understand that it is impossible to save on the stern here. Make a balanced diet so that the animal gains weight, but feels good. And the quality of the food plays an important role in this, in addition to influencing the taste and texture of the meat.

Pig feed is divided into three categories, and the first two are tried to be combined with each other. The third is used extremely rarely, and six months before the heads are sent for slaughter, these feeds are completely excluded from the diet. Actually, to different categories relate:

First: grains like wheat and rye, legumes, peas, carrots, beets.
Second: various herbs like clover and alfalfa.
Third: lots of vegetables, including potatoes and corn, as well as buckwheat and millet.

Tip: to increase the build-up of meat, more green feed is added to the finished ration, and more potatoes, root crops and barley are added to increase the concentration of fat.

We recruit the necessary staff

Personally, you can calmly deal with issues related to documentation, finance and the conclusion of contacts with suppliers and customers, trusting experienced people. You will need:

A veterinarian is hardly an entrepreneur who has not previously worked with animals, is able to monitor their health. This person will be able to guarantee the health of piglets for sale for buyers, the quality of meat for customers and excellent conditions for doing business on the farm for various checks. Regular hiring of a veterinarian is much cheaper than losing even a part of the farm.
Livestock technician - this person will independently deal with the equipment for the slaughterhouse and the production of meat for sale. One technician is critical to being productive in manufacturing, and he or she has a better technical understanding than you.
Workers - it is quite possible to run a small farm on their own, cleaning up after the pigs, adding feed and water to them and filling the pigsty with sawdust. But with the expansion of the project, more hands are required. Ancillary laborers will also help with product packaging and animal tracking. Most often, two workers are kept on an average farm.

Here you can download a ready-made example for free.

Cost calculation

Take as an example an average farm of 130 animals, the owner of which does not have his own plot and maintains his own staff of workers. In this case, it is not difficult to compile a table of project costs:

*Expense line*		*Cost amount, thousand rubles*
1	Land lease	120
2	Pigsty repair	25
3	Purchase of equipment	500
4	Buying young animals and pigs	320
5	Public Utilities	20
6	Paperwork	10
7	Wage workers, technician and veterinarian	130
8	Purchase of feed	25
9	Unexpected expenses	10
Total:		1170

As a result, a business from scratch in terms of capital investment is worth more than a million rubles. Focus on this amount and do not forget that the table also contains monthly costs such as rent, purchase of feed, payment utilities and salary payments.

After one six-month cycle, 125 pigs will be sold or slaughtered for meat, as the remaining five will be needed for further breeding. In this case, from the sale of pigs for meat, the owner will receive about 3,100 thousand rubles, if the price for one kilo is this moment is 250 rubles.

Calculating the semi-annual monthly costs, the profit from the sale is about 1,500 rubles, which will already cover the opening costs. Thus, the profitability is approximately six months.

Video: a pig farmer's experience.