2.3 Professionogram of social work

Professiogram - descriptive and technological characteristics of various types professional activity, made according to a certain scheme and to solve certain problems. This is a document that defines the functional content of professional activity, a system of knowledge, skills and abilities that ensure its effectiveness and provide a rationale for the disciplines that form the corresponding qualities of a specialist.

Professiogram of the specialty "Social work"

1. general characteristics specialty. Social work is a modern, highly demanded field of activity in society. A social work specialist leads a professional practical activities with individuals, families, population groups and communities in need of social support, assistance, protection and service.

The specialist's responsibilities include organizing and coordinating social work with individuals and groups with special needs and disabilities.

The social work specialist is involved in organizational, managerial and administrative work social services, organizations and institutions, as well as facilitates the integration of the activities of various state and public organizations to provide the necessary social protection and assistance to the population.

The duties of a specialist in social work includes the conduct of educational activities in social services, secondary special educational institutions(subject to receipt additional education in this region).

3. Required knowledge and skills. The social work professional must be sufficiently broadly educated in various fields.

In addition to knowledge of general humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines (history, philosophy, cultural studies, political science, etc.), he must know the main stages and tendencies of the formation of social work as a social institution in Russia and abroad, know the concepts and categories, principles and patterns, forms and levels of social work, the specifics of cognition, forecasting and design of social work.

A social work specialist must know the essence, content, tools, methods and types of social work technologies in various spheres of life and with various individuals and groups of the population.

His responsibilities include knowledge of the basics of psychology, pedagogy, social medicine, legal support of social work.

The social work professional should have an understanding of the organization and management of social institutions and services, to be able to receive and process information necessary in professional activities, to analyze and monitor the state and development of objects of social work.

The duties of a specialist include the organization and conduct of psychosocial, socio-pedagogical and socio-medical work.

4. Requirements for the personality of a specialist. The activities of a specialist in social work are distinguished primarily by communication with a special contingent of the population. As a rule, people who seek help are emotionally unbalanced, easily injured for a number of reasons and need a special approach.

In order to work successfully in organizations of the social protection system of the population, you need to have patience and communication skills. The professionally important qualities of a specialist are benevolence, decency, disinterestedness, honesty, a developed sense of intuition, observation and hard work, emotional and volitional stability.

A specialist in the field of social work must have developed intellectual qualities: an analytical mindset, the ability to work with a large amount of information.

5. Employment. The spheres of professional activity of a specialist in social work are state and non-state social services, organizations and institutions of the system of social protection of the population, education, health care, the army, law enforcement agencies, etc.

A social worker must possess a considerable arsenal of professional skills, skills, possess deep knowledge in the field of human sciences: psychology, acmeology, sociology, pedagogy, law, in order to act as a worthy implementer of the goals of social work. The knowledge and skills of a social worker, in combination with the corresponding personal qualities, are subject to assessment using appropriate methods, which contributes to a more efficient performance of professional activities.

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4. Professional selection for social work

Professionally significant personal qualities of a social worker

Social work, which has existed abroad for more than a decade, was classified as a profession in the register of the employment service of Russia only in 1991, therefore today Russian system social management for the first time encounters those aspects of the development of the profession that were manifested in Western countries and were subjected to scientific reflection there for a long time.

At this stage of development, there is a question of professionalism in social work, which in turn is expressed by a huge deficit of relevant knowledge among practitioners.

The specification of the activities of social work specialists follows from their main functions:

• diagnostic - is that a social worker studies the characteristics of a family, a group of people, an individual, the degree and direction of the influence of the microenvironment on them and makes a "social diagnosis";
• predictive - predicts the development of events, processes occurring in a family, a group of people, society and develops certain models of social behavior;
• human rights - uses laws and legal acts aimed at providing assistance and support to the population, its protection;
• organizational - promotes the organization of social services at enterprises and at the place of residence, involves the public in their work and directs their activities to provide various types of assistance and social services the population;
• preventive and prophylactic - activates various mechanisms (legal, psychological, medical, pedagogical, etc.) to prevent and overcome negative phenomena, organizes assistance to those in need;
• socio-medical - organizes work on health prevention, promotes mastery of the basics of first aid, helps prepare young people for family life, develops occupational therapy, etc.;
• socio-pedagogical - identifies the interests and needs of people in different types activities: cultural and leisure, sports and recreation, artistic creativity and attracts various institutions, societies, creative unions, etc to work with them;
• psychological - provides various types of counseling and correction of interpersonal relationships, promotes social adaptation of the individual, assists in social rehabilitation to all those in need;
• social and household - helps in providing the necessary assistance and support to various categories of the population (disabled people, elderly people, young families, etc.) in improving their life, living conditions;
• communicative - establishes contact with those in need, organizes the exchange of information, the development of a single strategy for interaction, perception and understanding of another person.

The specificity of the functions of a social worker presupposes an organic combination of personal and professional qualities, which is reflected in the ethical and professional code.

So, among the mandatory qualities and skills of a social worker are:

• empathy;
• psychological competence;
• delicacy and tact;
• humanity and humanity, mercy;
• organizational and communication skills, extroversion;
• high spiritual culture and morality;
• social intelligence (i.e. the ability to adequately perceive and analyze social situations and other people);
• the ability to be interesting to others and informal in working with a client;
• focus on the interests, needs and protection of the human dignity of the client;
• training to respect the confidentiality of official information and personal secrets of the client;
• striving for continuous improvement of professional knowledge;
• honesty, moral purity in professional affairs, adherence to ethics of relationships with people, etc.

A social worker operates in a value-oriented world, where every action, goal, motive, means to an end, or even an intention can be assessed in terms of compliance with its moral norms, that is, the ideas of society or micro-society about good and evil. To carry out the prescribed functions, social workers need not only an appropriate professional education, but also a personal readiness to comply with certain professional and ethical norms and principles.

Professional ethical norms and principles can be defined as "professional", "work ethics" of a social worker, which, in turn, is enshrined in the professional ethical code.

The professional code of ethics is the benchmark professional behavior and the activities of a social worker. An analysis of the requirements for a specialist in the professional code shows that they can be conditionally reduced to two groups of standards: the first group is the requirements for quality, content and results of professional activity; the second group is the requirements for the personality of a professional.

As we have already said, professionalism in social work is based and formed on the basis of personal and professional qualities, value orientations and interests of the social worker.

A social worker is an intermediary between a specific person who has certain social needs and a specific social organization able to meet these needs. Moreover, such mediation is specific: the social worker always stands guard over the interests of the needy. If we schematically describe the order of actions of a social worker, then we will find the following - a social worker must:

1) be able to identify a person in need of him;

2) endear him to himself, so that he entrusts the latter with the protection of his interests;

3) be active in finding ways to solve a specific social problem;

4) find the appropriate social authority;

5) be able to organize the participation of this social instance in this problem;

6) bring both sides together to resolve the issue;

7) control the quality of the solution to the issue, taking into account the interests of the client.

What qualities should a person possess in order to perform all these actions? As already mentioned, he should be well versed in social sphere, both at the formal, official level, and informal, psychological. That is, to have knowledge in sociology and psychology, to lead an active lifestyle, to be communicative enough, to be able to convince and agitate. He must sincerely and honestly wish to help people, be able to be restrained and patient with those in need, believe in his ability to resolve the situation, be able to get out of the conflict in a dignified manner.

Researchers distinguish the following groups professionally important qualities social worker.

1. High level of education and culture, competence in a wide range of socially significant problems. Knowledge in the field of pedagogy, psychology, jurisprudence, sociology, etc. is required. In general, the listed qualities are components of professional awareness.

2. Kindness, love for people, desire to help, sensitivity, feelings of compassion and mercy, sympathy for others and altruism. All of these qualities can be generally characterized as a benevolent attitude towards people, towards their problems and situations.

3. High communication skills, sociability, social courage. Ability to manage people, influence their position and beliefs. The ability to inspire confidence and support in difficult times - all these qualities can be defined as organizational and communication skills.

4. Selflessness, honesty, decency, responsibility, high morality. These qualities characterize the high moral and ethical level of the social worker.

5. Efficiency, energy, initiative, persistence in achieving goals and a willingness to experience psychological discomfort - all these qualities are inherent in people who are able to withstand significant neuropsychic stress.

IN recent times to characterize a particular professional activity, the term "professiogram" has become widespread.

One of the most effective directions in solving these problems, in our opinion, is the improvement of all levels of professional training and, first of all, higher education. And within this direction - Including theoretical developments concerning the professiogram of a specialist in social work, one can name the works of such researchers as Zimnyaya I.A., Kholostova E.I., Pavlenok P.D., Firsov, etc.

Kholostova E.I. and Pavlenok P.D. focus on job responsibilities, performance of professional functions, ethical standards, and personal qualities specialist. Firsov in his works is limited to the communicative characteristics of labor. Zimnyaya I.A. believes that when constructing a professiogram, it is necessary to take into account three basic requirements: professional competence, humanistic orientation and interpersonal relationships.

Professiogram is a descriptive and technological characteristic of various types of professional activity, made according to a certain scheme and for solving certain problems. This is a document that defines the functional content of professional activity, a system of knowledge, skills and abilities that ensure its effectiveness and provide a rationale for the disciplines that form the corresponding qualities of a specialist.

The structure of the professiogram includes a psychogram.

Psychogram - highlighting and describing the qualities of a person necessary for the successful implementation of this labor activity... These qualities are called professionally important qualities.

Professiogram - detailed description any profession through a system of requirements for a person, including socio-economic, production-technical, sanitary-hygienic, psychological, special-professional characteristics, i.e. in our opinion. Obviously, this is not just a separate group of criteria, but on the contrary: a versatile, multifaceted, multifunctional characteristic professional standard activities.

The professiogram of a social worker is determined by the specifics of his profession and his professional duties.

A social worker will be able to influence his clients, solve professional problems only if he has knowledge and experience, certain powers (position) and reputation (opinion on the strengths and weaknesses of a person), charismatic data (exceptional data, talent) and personal attractiveness.

Such personal qualities of a social worker as his intellectual, general cultural and moral potential are especially important. The presence (formation and consolidation) of such qualities allows a social worker to more effectively carry out his professional activities. In particular, it enables him to:

- to be informed about different groups ah population and their characteristics;

- to anticipate the consequences of their actions;

- to be professionally tactful (arouse the sympathy of clients, their trust, observe professional secrecy, show delicacy in intimate matters of the client's life);

- have emotional stability in all collisions, failures, difficulties of work;

- to fulfill their duty conscientiously, showing calmness, benevolence and attentiveness to clients.

All this really requires really extraordinary personal qualities. In the special literature, such qualities that are necessary for a social worker are most often noted, such as

Humanistic orientation of the personality, personal and social responsibility, heightened sense of goodness and justice, self-esteem and respect for the dignity of another person, tolerance, politeness, empathy (empathy), willingness to understand others and come to their aid, emotional stability, personal adequacy in self-esteem ...

The personal qualities of social workers can be divided into three groups.

To the first group personal qualities include the requirements imposed by professional activity on mental processes (perception), mental states (fatigue, apathy, stress, anxiety, depression), attention as a state of consciousness, emotional (restraint, indifference), and volitional (persistence, consistency, impulsivity) characteristics.

To the second group personal qualities include self-control, self-criticism, self-esteem of their actions, as well as stress-resistant qualities - physical fitness, self-hypnosis, the ability to switch and manage your emotions.

The honor and dignity of a social worker requires, first of all, objectivity in assessing himself - his qualities, abilities and capabilities. Great conceit, overestimated self-esteem of a specialist, hypertrophied self-esteem, turning into complacency and narcissism, lack of self-criticism, are qualities that negatively affect both the prospects for personal growth and the quality of professional activity, since a specialist who considers the process of his development complete, brought to tops, in fact, is not capable of not only improvement, but also of maintaining the already achieved level of development. This, in turn, leads to an objective decrease in the authority of the social worker, to the assessment of his activities as unworthy of a professional.

To the third group personal qualities of a social worker include communication (the ability to quickly establish contact with people); empathy (capturing the mood of people, identifying their attitudes and expectations, empathizing with their needs); visuality (external attractiveness of a person); eloquence skills (the ability to inspire and convince words) and others.

Social work places high demands on the personal qualities of a social worker. The professional activity of a social worker is multifaceted. There are the following areas of its activity:

1) the social worker studies the personal characteristics of his clients, the conditions in which they live. This makes it possible to carry out the so-called "social diagnosis";

2) the social worker predicts the behavior of clients, events that may occur;

3) the social worker carries out activities of various kinds (psychological, legal, etc.) so that clients can avoid unwanted social, psychological and other problems;

4) a social worker provides various kinds of counseling, promotes social adaptation and rehabilitation of clients;

5) social worker, identifying the interests of clients in different types activities, provides them with psychological, pedagogical and organizational assistance in the implementation of their interests;

6) the social worker contributes to the provision of material assistance different categories of clients;

7) a social worker participates in the organization of social protection services for the population, involving various institutions and organizations.

In accordance with the areas of activity, special requirements are imposed on the social worker by the profession. They find expression in the so-called professiogram of a social worker.

The professiogram of a social worker is understood as a set of psychological, socio-cultural, moral qualities, professional knowledge and skills that characterize him as a specialist in his field.

E. Yarskaya-Smirnova includes the following requirements for a social worker:

Be professionally prepared;

Be an erudite person in the field of culture, politics, economic and social development society;

To be able to foresee the consequences of their actions, to firmly implement the values ​​of their profession;

Have skills communicative communication, for example, to be able to communicate correctly with difficult adolescents, disabled people, elderly people;

Have professional tact, observe professional secrecy, be delicate in matters affecting the intimate aspects of the client's life;

Be able to make decisions in difficult situations;

Possess emotional stability, be ready to fulfill professional duty in any conditions, without losing goodwill and self-control.

The above requirements for a social worker indicate the importance of his personal qualities in professional activity. The personality has diverse psychological, socio-psychological, religious, aesthetic, moral and other spiritual qualities, and each of the listed groups of qualities can be considered as the basis for building a relatively independent personality typology.

In this sense, we can talk about the moral type of personality and try to identify the professional and ethical requirements for the professiogram of a social worker.

On the basis of moral assessments, individuals are divided into good and evil, merciful and cruel, honest and deceitful, responsible and irresponsible, conscientious and shameless, principled and unprincipled, etc.

Of course, these oppositions are useful not only in everyday communication, but are important for the initial and most superficial approach to determining the necessary moral qualities of social workers. In view of the peculiarities of this "helping" profession, its humanistic essence, only qualities that have a positive significance (kind, merciful, honest, responsible, etc.) can not contradict the value system of social work.

All this suggests that not every person is suitable for social work. This must be taken into account when choosing the profession of a social worker. The study of the vocational guidance of young people indicates that the choice of the profession of a social worker is often dictated by considerations that are not related to moral criteria. Occupational choice can also be influenced by random factors caused, for example, by the division of professions into "important" and "not important", "promising" and "not promising" in the mass consciousness. This, of course, has a negative meaning, since people who do not have moral qualities appropriate for this type of activity can come to the profession.

Despite their importance, not all moral qualities are equivalent in order to consider them personality-forming for a social worker. Therefore, the moral typology of personality, built on the opposition of "positive-negative" qualities from the point of view of moral assessment is insufficient. How to define the specific moral qualities required for social work? E.I. Kholostova, among the important personal qualities of social workers, distinguishes the following moral qualities:

Humanistic orientation of the personality;

Personal and social responsibility;

Kindness and justice;

Self-esteem and respect for the dignity of other people;

Willingness to understand others and come to their aid.

The position of G.P. Medvedeva to associate the moral behavior of a social worker with the "moral and mental" qualities of his personality. These are such qualities as honesty, conscience, objectivity, fairness, tact, attentiveness and observation, tolerance, endurance and self-control, kindness, love for people, self-criticism, adequacy of self-esteem, patience, sociability, optimism, willpower, empathy, striving for self-improvement , creative thinking.

Certainly some of these qualities are not moral. In their totality, they characterize the requirements for the spiritual development of an individual arising from the characteristics of the profession of a social worker. However, it must be borne in mind that the moral development of a person is associated with some psychophysiological processes taking place in him.

Biological and moral factors of personality development interact according to the principle of direct and feedback. So, attention, as a mental process, emotional and volitional manifestations (restraint, perseverance, etc.), mental states (apathy, stress, depression, etc.) can either facilitate or hinder the implementation of the moral program of behavior.

Cases are widely known when moral actions were carried out only by efforts of will. Moral consciousness, in turn, determines the direction of the will, being a powerful factor in self-regulation (self-education) of a person. The presence of direct and feedback is characteristic not only for the psychophysical and moral development of the individual. A similar relationship exists between intelligent and moral development person.

The intellectual development of a person is not identical with the moral, but the moral qualities of a person are formed due to the assimilation of moral values ​​by him.

Introduction

A social worker is a merciful, kind profession that officially appeared in Russia just 20 years ago. The transition of the country to a market economy was the most difficult for the unprotected segments of the population to cope with: lonely frail old people, lonely mothers and fathers, disabled people, seriously ill people and children deprived of parental care. Representatives came to their aid new profession- social workers.

A social worker is a qualified specialist who works in the public sphere, is related to people's lives and their relationships in society. This is a doctor, a priest, a psychologist all rolled into one. Many of the elderly today are lonely, helpless and poor. Providing them with emotional support is the most important thing. They need not only medical help, medicines, but sometimes basic care and solving everyday issues. It is difficult to find a more noble profession, they work in it by vocation, random people do not stay here. In Western countries, the profession of a social worker is among the three most respected in society, along with the professions of a doctor and a lawyer. The main duty of an employee of social security agencies is to help those who are unable to take care of themselves. For example, in one of the cities of Russia there is a bus service "Mercy", in winter time they evacuate the freezing homeless people from the streets. Every year, employees of this service save hundreds of people from hypothermia and starvation.

In this profession, different specialties are distinguished: social work, the organization of signage communication, the organization of work with youth.

Advantages of the profession: availability of obtaining a profession; the opportunity to do good deeds every day; high social significance.

Profession restrictions: low level wages; not suitable for squeamish people who do not have patience and do not know how to compassion.

As test work to draw up a professiogram of a specialist in social work.

1. Professiogram

The main part of a person's life is known to be associated with a certain professional activity. Psychology plays a significant role in solving the problem of "man and profession". In the person of a person who is not engaged in professional activities, society incurs irreparable spiritual and material losses. The personality itself suffers tremendous damage due to dissatisfaction with this situation, for a person often becomes a failure only because he at one time could not or did not help him find the place where he would experience satisfaction from work by vocation. In our time, the choice of a profession, professional self-determination is considered as the basis of a person's life self-affirmation in society.

Professiography is a general method for analyzing and describing labor activity and working conditions, it is a technology for studying the requirements of the profession for personal qualities, psychological abilities, psychological and physical capabilities of a person.

The purpose of professiography is to identify the features of the interaction of a specialist in the process of professional activity with objects, means and products of labor, with people around him and other phenomena that accompany this activity.

As a result of professiography, professiograms are compiled.

Professiogram is a description of a profession according to certain criteria.

In the next chapter, a professiogram of a specialist in social work of the department of social and legal assistance of the KRKU SO SRTSI "Zelenogorsk" will be compiled. The structure of the professiogram is formed as a result of answering questions.

2. The structure of the profession profile: social work specialist

1. What is the name of the work and what does it consist of?The name of the job, specialty, profession, position, possible workplace - a description of the essential characteristics and specific features of labor.

Social workis a professional activity to provide assistance and support to people, the purpose of which is to assist people and groups in difficult life situations in overcoming personal and social difficulties through support, protection, correction and rehabilitation.

Modern social work is carried out mainly by an extensive network of state social services. It includes many areas and areas, such as: social security, social insurance, social prevention, social rehabilitation, adaptation, therapy, counseling.

Social Work Specialist- an employee who provides services to various social, gender and age, ethnic groups of the population and individuals in need of social assistance, protection and psychological support.

The profession “specialist in social work” has the following specializations: social worker; social worker of the employment service; professional consultant. The work of these workers can be specialized according to age, social, medical criteria (services for children and adolescents, the elderly, the unemployed, the homeless, the blind, the deaf, etc.).

The profession belongs to the type: "Human - Human", it is focused on communication and interaction with people. This requires the ability to establish and maintain business contacts, understand people and understand human relationships, be active, sociable and communicative, have developed speech abilities and verbal thinking, and have emotional stability.

An additional type of profession: "Man - Nature", since it is associated with the care and maintenance of living people, with the prevention and treatment of diseases. This requires a high level of development of observation, attentiveness, physical endurance, aptitude and interest in working with people who need help and care.

2. What is the efficiency and purpose of the work (what is being done and for what purpose)?Purpose of work: products, services; value of work: the value and importance of products or services provided for the enterprise and for the whole country.

The activities of a social work specialist include the provision of material and household assistance and moral and legal support to people with disabilities, lonely elderly people, mothers of many children, orphans, persons suffering from serious ailments, alcoholics and drug addicts, needy citizens who are in a state of depression due to environmental disasters, interethnic conflicts and wars, the loss of loved ones.

The spheres of professional activity of a specialist in social work are the social protection system, employment services at the federal, republican, regional levels, as well as local enterprises, institutions and organizations of social assistance to the population, state and non-state institutions, territorial centers and social assistance funds.

The social work specialist fulfills clear, well-defined goals and solves standard, typical tasks.

The main goals of social work as a professional activity include the following:

an increase in the degree of independence of individuals, their ability to control their lives and more effectively resolve emerging problems;

creation of conditions in which individuals can demonstrate their capabilities to the maximum and get everything that they are entitled to by law;

adaptation or re-adaptation of people in society;

creation of conditions under which a person, despite physical injury, mental breakdown or life crisis, can live, maintaining self-esteem and respect for himself from others;

and as the ultimate goal - the achievement of such a result when the need for the help of a social worker from the client disappears.

3. What is the subject of labor (what is it made of, what is it, with what and with whom it is being worked)?Material, raw materials, semi-finished products, non-material sources - information, written data and documents; finance, maintenance, service provision - ancillary activities.

The social work specialist provides assistance and support to vulnerable socially vulnerable groups of the population in need of social support, assistance, service and protection. Social workers' clients are:

children and young people: children left without parental care; children with special needs; children living with HIV; children and young people of legal risk or in conflict with the law; pupils and graduates of children's institutions; students and graduates of specialized educational and educational institutions; street children; children who have experienced abuse or neglect, witnesses to violence; children involved in trafficking, the worst forms of labor and exploitation of all kinds; children affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts and others;

families and women: low-income families, large families, single parent families, families with a family member with HIV, families with a family member with special needs, families in crisis (survivors of the death of a member, divorce, conflicts, domestic violence, migration, etc. etc.); families affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts; foster families and adoptive families and others;

people with disabilities and their families;

lonely elderly people in need of social support;

people in difficult life situation: survivors of death or serious illnesses of loved ones, who have chronic illnesses, who have lost their jobs, housing and others;

people living with HIV;

people with alcohol and / or drug addiction;

people released from penitentiary institutions and / or serving sentences in closed institutions;

Refugees, etc.

4. How is the work done (how is it done)? Technological process, labor process, operations, task.

The specificity of social work activity is determined by the specific conditions of the workplace.

In duties social work specialistmainly includes:

reception and provision of information at the request of citizens (social assistance, protection, employment, vocational guidance, vocational training, advanced training, psychological support);

consulting on legal issues(registration of guardianship, adoption, deprivation of parental rights, retirement benefits, employment issues, employment) and execution of the relevant documents;

participation in the resolution of controversial issues (labor, housing, violation of the rights of mothers, pensioners, etc.), the development and implementation of programs for medical and social adaptation and rehabilitation of disabled citizens;

identification and registration of social payments, hospitalization in medical institutions, acceptance for service of the needy categories of citizens.

Social workerserves the persons assigned to him in need of assistance, from 8 to 16 people.

At the direction of a social work specialist, he performs technical functions: he visits the wards at the place of residence, provides them with moral support, provides everyone with food and medicine at his request according to a pre-compiled and agreed list, pays for utilities, delivers things to the laundry, receives pensions for dry cleaning and benefits accrued to the name of the ward.

Provides help around the house: cleaning and redecorating the apartment, preparing food if necessary, feeding the ward, processing personal plot etc.

In case of illness, the ward provides him with emergency first aid medical assistance (temperature measurement, the imposition of mustard plasters, etc.). Calls a doctor at home, accompanies an appointment at a clinic. In case of hospitalization, the ward visits him in the hospital.

At the request of the ward, he writes letters, makes phone calls to relatives, and also solves other issues faced by lonely, elderly and sick people.

5. On what basis is the work done (on what basis is it done)?Reasons for doing the work: production documentation, instructions, detailed technological instructions, plans, calculations; mediated information, instructions, descriptions, orders.

The work of a social worker has a clearly defined character and is carried out in accordance with the current:

job responsibilities;

legislative and regulatory legal acts;

regulations, orders, orders;

norms of professional ethics,

The profession belongs to the performing class, it is associated with the execution of decisions, work according to a given pattern, compliance with existing rules and regulations, following instructions. According to the set standards, rules and algorithms, the social work specialist performs the tasks set by other people. Work requires organization, diligence, and the ability to do specific things.

6. What are the criteria for assessing labor results (on the basis of which the quality and efficiency of labor are assessed)?Evaluation criteria, norms, time limits, qualification categories.

As a result of the activities of a specialist in social work and the existence of the institution of professional social work, the following results are achievable:

solving or reducing social problems existing in society (problems related to families, children, young people, the elderly, people with disabilities, HIV, alcohol and drug addiction and the problems of others in need of help, protection and support);

prevention of the emergence of various kinds of social problems;

the economic feasibility and benefits of investing in the activities of social workers, contributing to the prevention of the emergence of social problems and their aggravation;

forecasting the emergence of social problems at the level of society, family, various population groups, individuals.

Remuneration for the work of social workers is made on the basis of salaries (official salaries), wage rates for professional qualification groups, taking into account the requirements for vocational training and the level of qualifications, with the use of compensation and incentive payments.

Name of positions of workers, professions of workers and qualification requirements to them are determined in accordance with the Unified tariff qualification handbook works and professions of workers (ETKS) and the Unified qualification reference book of positions of managers, specialists and other employees, approved in the manner prescribed by the current Federal legislation.

A social work specialist can be appointed (selected) to a managerial position of director or deputy director of a boarding school for the elderly and disabled with a rating of 15-18 grade. The work of these workers can be specialized according to age, social, medical criteria (services for children and adolescents, the elderly, the unemployed, the homeless, the blind, the deaf, etc.).

Minimum salaries (official salaries), wage rates for professional qualification groups (hereinafter - PCG), approved by Orders of the Ministry of Health and Social Development Russian Federation dated 31.03.2008 No. 149n "On the approval of professional qualification groups positions of workers employed in the field of health care and provision of social services "

7. What qualifications are required for the job (what you need to be able to, know)?Required education, required practical experience, skill, specialization.

This profession first of all requires high level humanity, the presence of developed intuition, the ability to empathize with someone else's grief, as well as the ability to delve into each specific situation and, depending on the circumstances, engage in individual provision of the necessary types of social assistance.

For successful development profession, a specialist in social work needs a general awareness of social, humanitarian and moral issues, basic knowledge of history, Russian language, social studies is useful.

must know: foundations of ethics, psychology, foundations of medicine, foundations of economics, legal norms.

Qualified Social Work Specialist should be able to:

establish emotional contact with wards,

show care, provide them with moral support,

do household chores (shopping, cooking, washing),

provide first aid if necessary.

8. With the help of what means is the work done (how do they work)?Tools, machines, aids, apparatus, controls.

The main subject of labor is a person ( social service), accompanying - sign system(texts, documents).

In his work, a social worker uses material (tool) means of labor - manual (pen, pencil), electrified (calculator, computer), as well as communication means (telephone, fax).

But the main ones are its immaterial (functional) means - analytical, verbal-logical thinking, long-term and operative memory, good distribution of attention; good general coordination of body movements, emotionally expressive speech and behavior, business written speech, as well as the senses - sight, hearing, "golden hands" and "kind heart".

9. In what conditions is the work done? Work environment: working conditions and parameters of the workplace (spatial, sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic, etc.).

The social work specialist is active, mobile work, numerous contacts, visiting wards at home and various authorities and shops.

Despite the fact that the social worker works in comfortable conditions - in the room (desk, personal computer, communications), his activities often take place outside the office on the move (travel to various organizations, to families of wards, to clients).

Of the special working conditions, it should be noted the moral responsibility for the wards and the high psychoemotional load during intensive contact with representatives of disadvantaged strata of society.

10. What is the organization of work (when and in what ways the work is done)?Organization production process, work schedule, mode of work and rest, balance of working hours.

A social worker has an irregular working day with traveling.

The work of a social worker is organized in such a way that he can carry out his labor tasks both independently and jointly with other contact organizations.

Functionally, the social worker is the organizer of the work of other people (clients, specialists of other contact departments), but the course of his labor process organizes independently.

11. What is the cooperation of labor (who does what and with whom)?Distribution of semi-professional tasks, powers and responsibilities in labor collective established subordination - bosses, subordinates; the system of leadership and management of primary teams; characteristics of the social environment and microclimate.

Social Work Specialist:

works in open collaboration with colleagues and treats them with respect;

establishes contacts with representatives of various organizations and institutions whose help the client needs, working with them in close cooperation and interaction (psychologists, lawyers, teachers, medical workers, employees of social protection agencies, law enforcement officials, etc.);

promotes the inclusion of various institutions of society in the activities of social services and the creation of a network of social services that provide assistance and support to clients;

helps the correct perception and understanding of another person who is in a difficult life situation for representatives of other professions and the population;

exchanges information with specialists involved in working with the client, subject to the confidentiality rules and his best interests;

declares controversial issues that may create a conflict of interest;

informs the management or the relevant responsible structures about the opportunities or operational difficulties arising in the process of providing social assistance and support to various categories of the population;

asks for advice and help from the management if he does not feel capable or sufficiently prepared to carry out social protection activities;

informs management or other responsible organizations about cases of colleagues using unsafe practices that abuse the standards of service delivery.

12. What is the intensity of work (how much, how fast or slow, how often the work is done)?The amount of work, its difficulty, speed, pace, norms of time, duration of workload, variability of work (monotony, regularity, uniformity, cyclicality, rhythm).

Labor intensity is the ability to short time handle a lot of work. Since the salary of the social worker is low, the social worker takes on more clients. As a result, both psychological stress and more emotional stress increase. Overloading is one of the main problems of the social worker.

13. What moments of danger and responsibility are encountered in professional activities (what can happen at work)? Disorders, material losses, financial losses, fines for poor quality or missed deadlines, accidents, injuries, occupational diseases, death.

In the system of such professional activity as social work, the situation is complicated by the special state of the client, who turns to a specialist for help in a difficult life situation, when the mechanisms of critical attitude to reality can be weakened, and the specialist is delegated the role of a person incapable of making mistakes.

The specificity of professional social work, due to the daily likelihood of extreme situations, requires a specialist in social work to develop deep emotional and personal regulators of behavior and activity, such as value orientations.

Psychophysiological tension in the work of a social worker can be caused by the following factors:

increased moral responsibility and associated emotional stress;

constant communication with people, mainly maladaptive, asocial behavior, with mental defects, with physical disabilities;

the compulsion to constantly be in the zone of someone else's conflict or problem.

A social work specialist, due to the peculiarities of his professional activity, faces a number of difficulties and problems that he must be informed about and with which he must be able to cope:

syndrome of professional "burnout", manifested in psychoemotional and physical exhaustion, a decrease in the threshold of emotional susceptibility, a decrease in professional motivation;

frequent encounter with ethical dilemmas at work and the need to make a decision in each specific situation;

encounter with situations that pose a threat to his health and life;

lack of time and funds to solve real situations of clients and their problems;

information overload or lack of information in conditions of the need to make quick decisions on a specific problem.

... What impact does labor have on workers (how is it useful and what is harmful to a person)?The positive and negative impact of material, organizational and social factors on the person (in the complex).

The contacts of a social work specialist are numerous, multi-level, with a changing circle of people - clients, colleagues. In the work, there are situations and problems that require non-standard intelligent solutions. The social worker has an increased moral responsibility.

People who work in social institutions endure many hardships of today on their shoulders, smoothing out the difficulties for those who are defenseless, helpless, who lack their own strength and means to cope with the everyday, psychological and social problems that have piled on them.

The work of a social worker is based on the principles of dedication, complete dedication, sacrifice. This brings results, the positive significance of which both for individuals and for families who received assistance, and for the Russian state as a whole, can hardly be overestimated.

Despite advances in the reform of social protection, the prestige of social work as a profession is at a low level in public opinion... This is due to the limited opportunities for material reward.

15. What benefits does labor bring to an employee (how much does he earn)?Earnings, wages, bonuses, in-kind payments, various benefits, moral satisfaction from work, social recognition of it.

IN modern Russia social education, in addition to direct, makes it possible to hold the positions of specialists and leaders in the bodies local government(prefectures, district governments and municipalities, guardianship and trusteeship bodies), the Federal Migration Service, Departments, Pension Funds, Charitable foundations and other public non-profit organizations. In addition, it is possible to organize non-state structures of social, rehabilitation and labor orientation, operating on a self-supporting and sponsorship basis.

Creative work, awareness of the importance of social mission. The salary level of a specialist in social work in the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranges from 5 to 8 thousand rubles. In Moscow, a specialist receives from 16 to 50 thousand rubles.

16. What conditions, requirements and restrictions are typical for the work (who can and who should not do it)?Administrative and legal, political, medical, social and other determinants.

There are medical restrictions for a social worker:

dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system,

impairment of speech, vision and hearing,

impaired coordination of movements,

serious chronic diseases that cause rapid fatigue,

diseases of the cardiovascular system,

neuropsychiatric diseases.

chronic infectious diseases.

In addition, “contraindications” to social work include: lack of interest in other people (selfishness), irascibility, harsh judgments, categoricalness, lack of focus, inability to conduct a dialogue with an opponent, conflict, aggressiveness, inability to perceive someone else's point of view on a subject.

17. Requirements for professionally important qualities.This position lists (in decreasing order of importance) the requirements that professional activity makes to the qualities of an employee.

The concept of "quality" in this case has a generalized character and refers not only to personality traits, such as responsibility or developed organizational skills, but also to the special abilities of a person, to general abilities and to the psychophysiological characteristics of a person and his characteristics nervous system... To be successful as a social worker, you need the following professionally important qualities:

practical logical thinking of a subject-effective warehouse,

compassion, a pronounced sense of responsibility,

a pronounced inclination to work in the field of communication,

lexical abilities, endurance of the auditory analyzer and speech-voice apparatus,

good long-term and operational memory;

activity and physical mobility,

high emotional, neuropsychic stability,

external attractiveness (desirable) and activity.

In addition, it must have the following qualities:

unconditional acceptance of the value of each person, respect for his rights;

non-judgmental attitude to individual differences of people, tolerance;

developed self-knowledge and self-esteem, critical thinking;

empathy (the ability to empathize and empathize);

reflection (the ability to think, deliberate);

the ability to establish contact with people and form trusting relationships;

sensitivity and sensitivity to the emotional state of people, emotional restraint and tolerance;

persistence and consistency in solving difficult situations;

optimal level of anxiety, lack of tendency to depressive states;

ability to see and develop strengths people and families being assisted;

skills of work in stressful and emotionally difficult situations: self-control, the ability to switch and manage their emotions and behavior.

Requirements for the behavior, activities, professionally significant personality traits of a social work specialist are fixed in a number of codes of ethics for social workers: the Code of Ethics for Social Workers of the National Association of Social Work, "Ethics of Social Work: Principles and Standards" (International Federation of Social Workers), Russian Code ethics of social workers, etc.

Documents defining ethical requirements serve the function of formalizing professional values, i.e. raising them to the rank of requirements of the profession to the personality of a specialist.

professiogram specialist social labor

Professiogram - This is a description of the production, technical, socio-economic conditions of work and the psychophysiological requirements of the profession to a person. Reflects: requirements for job duties of the employee; workplace requirements; possible ways of the employee's further professional route; options for vocational training, retraining, advanced training, etc., that is, everything about a specific position in relation to the specifics of a given company. Personal qualities can be divided into 3 groups. Qualities first group that reflect mental processes(perception, memory, imagination, thinking). Mental states (fatigue, apathy, stress, anxiety, depression). Attention as a state of consciousness, emotional and volitional manifestations (restraint, persistence, consistency, impulsivity) must meet the requirements for the professional activity of a social worker. To the second group qualities include such qualities as self-control, self-criticism, self-esteem of their actions, as well as stress-resistant qualities - physical fitness, self-hypnosis, the ability to manage their emotions. To the third group include: sociability, empathy, attractiveness, eloquence and others. The qualities shown by the social worker in relation to clients. The main responsibilities the social worker is his duties towards the client: but) the social worker should not use the relationship with clients for his own benefit; b) the social worker must not practice, facilitate or take part in any form of discrimination based on nationality, sexual relations, age, religion, marital status, political orientation, mental or physical disabilities, privileges, personal characteristics; in) the social worker should avoid connections and relationships that are harmful to his clients; G) the social worker should not have sexual relations with clients under any circumstances; e) the social worker should inform clients about the risks, rights, opportunities, responsibilities associated with them social service; e) the social worker should follow the advice and advice of colleagues and mentors if they, in his opinion, serve the interests of the case; the social worker must complete the work with the client and the professional relationship with him when such work and relationship is not necessary and no longer serves the needs and interests of that person or the whole family, etc.

Problems of interaction between theory and practice of social work.

The practice of social work is the final link in the organization and provision of social services to the population. Practice is a collective category, it includes the activities of many components of the institution of social work: individual specialists, institutions, centers, and government bodies. As the link on which all the efforts of the various components are focused - regulatory framework, scientific and methodological developments, administrative and managerial decisions, the practice of social work sets additional tasks to combine the results of the activities of all these components in a single real practical action. Practice is the application of theoretical ideas, a way of objectifying them. For its part, it provides the theory with empirical material for analysis and generalization. The practice of social work is a way of embodying various theories of social work and, at the same time, turns to theory with the requirement to analyze the most problematic points and contradictions of social life and find ways to resolve them. The interaction of theory and practice, and their unity determines the effectiveness of all social work. It is important to ensure the unity of theory and practice in practice, to find the optimal forms of their interaction.