Download presentation on folk art. Presentation “Oral folk art in the upbringing of spiritual and moral qualities in young children. The work can be used to conduct lessons and reports on the subject "Literature"

Elena Olesova
Presentation "Oral folk art in the upbringing of spiritual and moral qualities in children younger age»

The purpose of my work is spiritually-moral development of the child's personality by means of his introduction to the values of the Russian folk culture and development spiritually-moral traditions of Russian the people.

Main goals spiritual and moral education:

Educational:

expand knowledge about the world around

improve speech;

enrich vocabulary

Educational:

to form a respectful, merciful, attentive attitude towards others;

bring up love and respect for the Motherland (given the regional component, its the people, culture, shrines;

cultivate obedience, the desire to imitate good examples, to live according to conscience;

bring up humane attitude to animals and nature.

Developing:

develop Creative skills;

develop cognitive activity, the ability to communicate emotionally;

develop imagination, thinking;

develop interest in folklore.

5 slide:

The relevance of the topic is that Russia is currently going through one of the difficult historical periods. And the greatest danger that lies in wait for our society today is the destruction of personality. Now material values dominate over spiritual, so at children the notions of kindness, mercy, generosity, justice, citizenship and patriotism are distorted. Children is distinguished by emotional, strong-willed and spiritual immaturity... The forms of collective activity are gradually being lost.

Spiritual and moral education forms the personality, beneficially influencing all aspects and forms of a person's relationship with the world: on his ethical and aesthetic development, worldview and the formation of civic position, patriotic and family orientation, intellectual potential, emotional state and general physical and mental development.

In his work with children of early age I use the following types of small genre:

Lullabies;

Calls;

Jokes;

Proverbs;

Sayings;

Folk holidays;

Folk games;

7 slide:

Texts have been passed down from generation to generation for centuries "Maternal" folklore, lullabies. The rhythm of a lullaby is usually correlated with the rhythm of breathing and heartbeat of the mother and child. In them you can clearly see that reverent attitude of a loving mother to her son or daughter, which is fixed in figurative, rhymed texts. They sing about everything that surrounds the baby in the first months and years of life. They sing about animals and birds that help the mother to lull her baby. These short songs help the child to learn about the world. They become for the child the first, and often unforgettable lessons of care, patience, kindness.

8 slide:

In ancient times, people often turned to natural phenomena, called on the seasons, welcomed the sun, rain and much more. People believed that nature hears and understands them, they asked her for help and thanked her for the gifts. These appeals were conducted in verses, which later came to be called chants.

9 slide:

Verbal Russian folk art contains great poetic

values. Jokes, nursery rhymes have long been used for parenting, especially the smallest ones, in order to attract their attention, calm down, cheer up, talk.

Processes in a baby's life, such as dressing, bathing, require a word to be accompanied, and here is Russian folk art is irreplaceable... From early childhood, the child responds to nursery rhymes, jokes.

10 slide:

Proverbs and sayings are called a pearl folk art... They affect not only the mind, but also the feelings of a person. The teachings in them are easy perceived and remembered... Proverbs addressed to children can reveal to them the rules of behavior, moral norms.

Proverbs and sayings are the richest source of cognitive and moral development children.

11 slide:

Riddle is a particularly interesting form of folklore. The educational value of riddles lies in the fact that they introduce joy "Thinking", direct attention to the subject and phenomena, encourage to delve deeper into the meaning of verbal designations and objects.

12 slide:

Introducing children with folk holidays that were part of the work and life of the Russian the people, children get the opportunity to get to know the history the people, with his way of life and folk wisdom ... During the holidays, children not only perform songs, but also listen to the works of Russian composers. This greatly enriches the children's experience, expands the range of emotions. Children learn to understand shades emotions: gloomy and light sadness, quiet and solemn joy.

For centuries folk games accompany everyday life children, produce vital quality: endurance, strength, agility, speed, instill honesty, justice and dignity.

Russians folk games have a multi-millennial history:

they have survived to this day from the times of antiquity, passed down from generation to generation, absorbing the best national traditions.

Besides preserving folk traditions of the game have a great influence on character education, willpower, interest in folk art and develops physical education. V folk games a lot of humor, jokes, competitive enthusiasm; movements are precise and imaginative, often accompanied by unexpected funny moments, tempting and beloved children counting rhymes, nursery rhymes.

13 slide:

In my work, I pay special attention to fairy tales.

A fairy tale is an effective means of influencing a person

child. She teaches educates, warns, awakens high feelings, encourages action. Generosity, mutual assistance, spiritual generosity stand out among the leading features of the Russian national character, these features are clearly represented in the actions of the main fairy-tale characters. Listening to fairy tales, children gradually and naturally comprehend the contradictory interaction of good and evil, happiness and misfortune, responsiveness and indifference.

14 slide:

In my group, I organized an exhibition of joint creative works based on Russian folk tales -“Gingerbread man, gingerbread man! I will eat you!" Parents, together with their children, took an active part in exhibition: made beautiful crafts from plasticine, tied fairy-tale characters, showed imagination in making.

15 slide:

Folklore v different types educational activities.

I use with children:

Modeling - making pancakes, playing with nursery rhyme “Grandma, grandmother baked pancakes. One for Varenka, one for Kolenka ...

Drawing - draw a rain, play with a nursery rhyme "The rain, the rain is thicker, the grass will be thicker."

16 slide:

Construction - we build a house (teremok, I use finger gymnastics“There is a house in the clearing, but the way to it is closed. We open the gates, We invite you to this house "

Russian staging folk tales -"Gingerbread man, "Teremok" etc.

In physical parenting- gymnastics of awakening “Kva-kva-kva-frogs, In the reeds of frogs! We opened our eyes, We rubbed our ears - Po-cha-gush-ki. Po-cha-gush-ki. Po-cha-gush-ki. "

I use it in regime moments folk games: "At the Bear in the Forest", "Cat and

mice", "Loaf", "Carousel", "The sun and the rain".

18 slide:

Created an artistic speech corner with elements of oral folk

creativity: card index of nursery rhymes, tongue twisters, riddles, desktop printed

19 slide:

In my work, I use various forms of working with children:

Reading works of art;

Finger games;

Didactic games;

Desktop - printed games;

Dramatization games;

The use of multimedia technologies in the process of organized

activities;

Excursions;

Targeted walks.

Work in kindergarten should be continued in the family, so I use the following forms of work with parents:

Parents' meetings;

Parents' questioning;

Consulting;

Visual types of work: card index of nursery rhymes, exhibitions creative work on

Joint preparations for the holidays;

Joint learning a piece oral folk art(nursery rhymes,

lullabies);

Help from parents kindergarten in the manufacture of attributes.

21 slide:

Thank you for the attention!

Russian

folk

poetic

creation

St. Petersburg, 2010

Russian

folk

poetic

creation

What is folklore?

Proverbs Sayings Riddles Convocations Fairy Tale Counting Pigs
Proverbs
Sayings
Riddles
Callouts
Fables
Readers
Pestushki

Folklore

A special kind of art - folklore.

Oral - means transmission by word of mouth, that is, without writing the text. A feature of folklore is collective authorship, therefore it is called folk art.

Proverbs

A short dictum containing folk wisdom. Proverbs usually have two parts. There are signs of poetic speech in proverbs: rhythm, rhyme.

B Without a proverb and no speech is spoken. To get drunk from the stream, you have to bend over. Lick your elbow, but you won't bite. On a stranger's side I'm glad my funnel. Where someone is born is useful there. Dinner is viburnum, homeland is raspberry.

Sayings

Figurative statement. Usually this is part of a proverb or a stable combination of words. Unlike a proverb, it is not a complete judgment.

NS chased two hares. R work carelessly. T Collect water in a mortar. Have beat two birds with one stone. NS Ravda hurts my eyes.

A cunning description of an object or phenomenon. The name comes from the word guess - think, reason. There is an artistic image in the riddle that helps you find the correct answer.

The broken rocker hung over the river.

He was eating lanky, Stuck in the damp earth.

Callouts

Children's songs - appeals to the sun, rainbows, rain and other natural phenomena, to animals and birds.

R aduga-arc, don't let it rain. Come on, honey, bell.

The rain, the rain is stronger, To make it more fun, My geese are at home, They are not afraid of thunder.

Fables

Funny folk rhymes for children, in which there is nonsense, absurdity, nonsense.

E hala village past the peasant, Suddenly the gate barks from under the dog. Cudgel runs out with a boy in her arms, And behind him is a sheepskin coat with a woman on her shoulders. The village shouted: "The men are burning!" Sundresses in broads are in a hurry to fire.

Readers

A rhyme is a small rhyme used to determine who is driving in the game.

T ara-bar It's time to go home. You drive the cows.

He is zealous, long-maned, Rides in the field, rides in the cornfield. Whoever catches that horse, plays tag with us.

Pestushki

Funny folk songs for the entertainment and amusement of young children.

Lads, lads. Where were you? "Grandma's" What did you eat? "Kashka". What did you drink? "Mug", Grandma is sweet, Kashka is sweet.

E hali we went To the city for nuts, Over the bumps, over the bumps. Boo into the hole! Crushed forty flies!

Russian folk tales
Russian folk tales

About Animals Magic Fantastic Household
About animals
Magical-fantastic
Household

Oral story about fictional, unprecedented events.

Folk tales were performed by special storytellers - storytellers.

The tale consists of 3 main parts:

inception (Once upon a time, in a certain kingdom ...)
the content of the tale

(main events of the tale)

ending (live, live, make good, and I was there ... ... ... .. ...)

magical

The main character overcomes unusual challenges.
Various miracles take place.
Wonderful helpers (Gray wolf, Sivka-Burka,)
Magical objects with extraordinary properties ("living" water, self-assembled tablecloth, flying carpet, boots of speedboats)
Dark forces, terrible monsters (Koschey-Immortal, Baba Yaga, Dashing one-eyed, Serpent Gorynych).
Mysterious mood.

Marya-morevna.
Morozko.
Princess Frog.
Ivan Tsarevich and grey Wolf.

about animals

Heroes are animals
Magic condition (animals talk, do human actions)
The strong protects the weak
Fun mood

The chanterelle is a sister and a gray wolf.
The cat and the fox.
A man and a bear.
Crane and Heron.
Zayushkin's hut.

Heroes - simple people(soldier, man, worker, wife).
The action takes place in an ordinary life setting (in everyday life): in the house, on arable land, at a construction site, at work.
Various funny situations happen.
Bad character traits are ridiculed.
They admire the intelligence, resourcefulness of the main characters.
Fun mood.

Ax porridge.
Lutonyushka.
The master and the man.
Disputant wife.
Ivan the Fool.
Lazy wife.

check yourself

1. The words "Once upon a time ..." in a fairy tale are:

ending main content opening
ending
main content
inception

2. In what fairy tales are ordinary people the main characters?

in magical household about animals
in magic
household
about animals

3. Ivan Tsarevich and the gray wolf is a fairy tale

about animals magic household
about animals
magic
household

Russian folk songs

Calendar - ritual New Year's Shrovetide spring Semytsko - Trinity stubble
Calendar - ritual
new year
oilseed
spring
Semytsko - Troitsky
stubble

Calendar-ritual songs are associated with traditional rituals, peasant labor and seasons.

They accompanied the first plowing and harvesting of the last sheaf in the field, youth festivities and Christmas or Trinity ceremonies, christenings and weddings.

Christmas carols
Spring
Shrovetide
Semytsko-Troitsky
Stubble

new year

Winter (New Year's) songs are carols. Caroling - festive rounds of houses on the eve of Christmas with the singing of carols, in which the owners of the house were famous and contained wishes for happiness, wealth, and harvest.

P rishla Kolyada

Christmas Eve,

God forbid that

Who is in this house.

Would the Lord endow you

And living and being

And wealth!

oilseed

The song is calling for a wide and generous Shrovetide.

In the songs, Maslenitsa is glorified, called to return, they are called comic human names: Avdotyushka, Izotievna, Akulina Savvishna.

Oh, yes, here is Shrovetide,

Oh, he's driving into the yard. Yes, wide, it enters the yard.

Yes, Shrovetide, go quickly. Yes, wide, go quickly.

Dear our Shrovetide,

Avdotyushka Izotievna!

Dunya is white, Dunya is ruddy,

The braid is long, the ribbon is scarlet!

spring

In vesnianki they called for spring, warmth and parted with winter. They reminded us that the time for field work was approaching, birds were flying and “carrying spring”.

They were not sung, but clicked, climbing the hills, roofs.

Well avoronushki On straws, Fly to us, Bring us a warm Summer, Sokh, harrow. Take away from us the cold winter, We are tired of winter: I have eaten all the bread.

Semytsko-Troitsky

Summer songs were performed during summer festivities, on a festive week (in Semik and Trinity).

In Semitsko - Troitsky songs, the central place is given to the birch - the main tree of the Slavs, a symbol of warmth and life.

Curly birch, Curly, youthful, Under you, birch, All does not bloom poppy, Under you, birch, No fire burns ... Red girls Stand in a round dance, About you, birch, All the songs are singing.

Autumn songs related to the beginning, course and end of the harvest. In these songs, they glorified the harvested crop, thanked the women who went out to the field and harvest the crops.

Stubble songs were sung on vacation, when returning from the field, during work.

Oh x, and thank God

What they reaped, What they reaped, And they laid them in the heaps, On the threshing floor with stacks, In the cage with bins, And in the oven with pies.

check yourself

1. Carols are songs:

spring christmas stubble
spring
Christmas
stubble

2. What tree is sung in the Semitsko-Trinity songs?

linden aspen birch
aspen
Birch

3. Stubble songs are related to

new year autumn spring
New Year's
autumn
spring

3. What songs were sang-clicked after climbing the hills?

carols vesnyanka semitsko-troitsky
carols
freckles
Semytsko-Troitsky

Epics
Epics

What are epics? Heroes of epics Features of language (stylistics) "Heroic" dictionary Obsolete words (archaisms) Art gallery
What are epics?
Heroes of epics
Features of the language (stylistics)
"Heroic" dictionary
Obsolete words (archaisms)
Art Gallery

Songs - legends about heroes - defenders of their homeland, folk heroes, composed in the 9-13th centuries in Ancient Russia. They were told by storytellers-guslars who went from city to city. The epics were sung solemnly, slowly, in a chant.

Three parts can be distinguished in the epic:

singing
inception
ending

The main characters of the epics are Russian heroes. The main feature of epic heroes is love for native land... The heroes of the epics are distinguished by incredible strength, nobility, courage, military valor, and wisdom.

The oldest epics

hero Svyatogor

Kiev epics -

heroes Dobrynya Nikitich

and Alyosha Popovich.

Vladimir-Suzdal epics

hero Ilya Muromets.

Novgorod epics

heroes Sadko and Vasily Buslaevich

stylistics

Replays (far, far, long ago, fight, fight)
Hyperboles are exaggerations (... "put them up to a thousand" ...)
Epithets are colorful definitions (a glorious hero, a violent head, burning tears, a filthy monster, a good horse).
Diminutive - affectionate suffixes (little head, dummy, Aleshenka, Vassenka Buslaevich, Dobrynyushka)
Derogatory suffixes (Gloomy, Ignatische, Tsar Batuische, Ugarische)
Metaphors, comparisons (... "old age flew to me from an open field" ...)

The quiver is a case for arrows.
Chainmail is an ancient military armor in the form of a shirt made of steel rings.
The club is an ancient weapon, a heavy club with a thickened end.
Scabbard - a case for a sword or dagger.
Helmet is a military armor that protects the head.
Harness - accessory

for harness.

A shield is a rounded metal board that protects from arrows in battle.

archaisms

Capital City - Capital City
Straight road - straight road
The road got stuck - a road littered with dry trees (logs)
Azure - blue, beautiful
To magnify - to name or glorify
Into a person - separately
To sing - to glorify in song
Saffiano - made of fine and soft lambskin, specially crafted and dyed in a bright color

Vasnetsov

Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (1848 - 1926)

"Heroes"

Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov (1844 - 1927)

Storyteller of epics Nikita Bogdanov

Ilya Efimovich Repin (1844 - 1930)

Sadko in the underwater kingdom

check yourself

1. Epics belong to the genre

folklore work of authorship
folklore
author's work

2.What do the epics begin with

the beginning of the song
inception
singing

3. Type of heroic weapon - a stick with a thickening at the end

quiver mace
quiver
club

3. Where is Sadko from?

Novgorod Kiev
Novgorod

4. Obsolete words

archaisms epithets
archaisms
epithets

4. Hero of the epics of the Kiev cycle

Ilya Muromets Svyatogor
Ilya Muromets
Svyatogor

Communal government agency"Secondary school number 10"

State institution

"Education Department of Akimat of Zhitikara region"

ORAL

FOLK

CREATION

Subject area: Elementary classes.

Completed by: Rogacheva Vera Viktorovna

primary school teacher

Zhitikara

2015 .

ORAL

FOLK

CREATION

FOLKLORE

Callouts

Nursery rhymes

GENRE

oral folk art

Fables

Fairy tales

Tongue Twisters

Readers

Counting room

Teaser.

Fiction.

Patter.

Who will you be?
Elizar.
Where are you going?
To the bazaar.
What are you carrying?
Penny.
What will you buy?
Crap.
Who will you eat with?
One.
Don't eat alone, don't eat alone.

Counting room

The call.

Fiction.

Patter.

Rain, rain, more!

The hay will be thicker!

Rain, rain, water!

The loaf will be delicious!

Guess the genre of folklore.

Counting room

Teaser.

Fiction.

Patter.

The village drove past the peasant.

Suddenly the gate barks from under the dog.

A stick jumped out with a woman in hand,

And let's beat the horse on the man.

The horse ate bacon, and the man ate oats,

The horse got into the sleigh, and the man took it.

Guess the genre of folklore.

Counting room

Teaser

Fable

Patter

The mice came out once

See what time it is.

One two three four.

The mice pulled the weights.

Suddenly there was a terrible ringing -

The mice run away!

Guess the genre of folklore.

Counting room

Teaser.

Fiction.

Patter.

Clock walk around the yard A tail of unprecedented beauty. Ankle legs. How loud are they? The sun is awakening!

Guess the genre of folklore.

Counting room

Teaser.

Fiction.

Patter.

Forty mice walked

Carried forty pennies

Two smaller mice

They carried two pennies.

Guess the genre of folklore.

Proverb.

Teaser.

Fiction.

Patter.

You can't take a fish out of a pond without difficulty.

What a delight these fairy tales are!

Arrange the parts of the tale in order.

Adage

Inception

The ending

What a miracle - so a miracle! On the sea, on the ocean, on the Buyan island there is a tree - golden poppies. The cat Bayun walks along this tree: it goes up - starts a song, goes down - tells fairy tales.

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state they lived - there were a king with a queen.

After that, they lived happily ever after.

Define the type of fairy tale

Animal Tales

Household tales

Fairy tales

Fox and ant.

Sivka - burka

Ayoga.

check yourself

a) Fairy tales.

b) Folklore.

c) Proverbs.

a) Fables.

b) Nursery rhymes.

c) Readers.

a) Fables.

b) Nursery rhymes.

c) Readers.

b) Pure phrases.

a) Pestushki.

a) Fairy tale.

b) The verdict.

c) Proverb.

c) Fairy tale.

a) Fiction.

b) Riddle.

c) Fairy tale.

a) Fiction.

b) Riddle.

check yourself

1. Works created by the people and passed from mouth to mouth are called:

b) Folklore.

2. Comic verses that accompany children's games are called:

b) Nursery rhymes.

3. Poems of oral folk art, in which the events described

could not happen in life, are called:

a) Fables.

4. These rhymed lines can be used to work on pronunciation:

b) Pure phrases.

5. A short wise saying that instructs and teaches people is called:

c) Proverb.

6. A work of oral folklore, in which instead of an object

or phenomena describe their signs or actions, called:

b) Riddle.

7. Oral entertaining story about magical stories, events, adventures

people, animals, objects, called:

c) Fairy tale.

VK Pavlenko, AN Sarzhanova Literary reading.

2nd grade textbook comprehensive school... - Almaty: Atamura, 2013.

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Slide captions:

"Oral folk art" "Small genres of oral folk art"

Folklore Folklore - this word means the creativity of any nation, which is passed down from generation to generation. Folklore is proverbs, songs, fairy tales, ditties, riddles, nursery rhymes, fables, sayings, jokes, pestushki.

Lullabies Bayu-bye, my kitten Sleep, sleep, my child ... Here's a soft feather bed under your back. On top of a feather bed, there is a clean sheet. Here's under your ears - white pillows, Blanket on the down and a handkerchief upstairs ... Bayu-bye, my kitten, Sleep-sleep, my child!

Nursery There is a horned goat, There is a butted goat, Legs - top-top, Eyes - clap, clap. - Who does not eat porridge, does not drink milk - Gore, gore, gore. This finger is grandmother, This finger is grandfather, This finger is mom This finger is dad This finger is me That's the whole family!

Jokes And frets, frets, frets, Let's go backwards. We sold a carrot, we bought a cow. And a cow with a cat - Milking a little! Whether in the garden or in the garden There is a dog running. The legs are thin, The sides are bells, And the tail is a squiggle, They call her Bug.

Little dogs Cockerel, cockerel, Golden comb, Butter's head, Silk's beard, Why do you get up early, Don't let your kids sleep? - You legs, legs! Where are you running to? - I'll run in the forest. I'll pick up berries for you: Black blueberry, Alu strawberry.

Calls Ladybug, Fly to the sky, There are your children Eating sweets. All one by one, And you are not one. Ladybug, You fly to heaven, Bring us black and white bread, Just not burnt. The sun is a bucket, Come out from behind the shell. Sit on a tree stump, take a walk all day.

Fictions A hare sits on a birch, Reads a book aloud. A bear flew to him, Listens, sighs. A goat in a beard Two frogs live, A bear sits on its back, Holds on to its ears.

Sayings of Moths-Vitilek, Bring us a breeze: From the gate to the turn Drive the boat into a trickle. The sun warmed up, Summer commanded: To plunge three times, to dive, To leave from under the water.

Counters One, two, three, four, five, We will play hide and seek. Sky, stars, meadow, flowers - You go, take a moment! A squirrel rode on a cart, Handing out nuts to everyone: To whom two, to whom three - Come out of the circle!

Draw Rose or Mimosa Heads or Tails

Riddles Knock, knock - they don't tell you to get bored. They walk, they walk, and everything is right there. (Clock) I come with gifts, I shine with bright lights. Smart, funny, I'm in charge for the New Year. (Christmas tree)

Descriptive riddles Tail in a fluffy arc, do you know this animal? Answer: Kitty gallops across the field - hides its ears, Will stand up in a column - ears upright. Answer: Hare.

Proverbs There is no distance for friendship. Alphabet - the wisdom of the step. Money cannot buy a mind. The strong will conquer one, the one who knows a thousand.

Sayings The word is not a sparrow: it will fly out, you will not catch it. For a mother, a child is up to a hundred years old. Happiness and work live side by side. Seven times measure cut once.

Russian folk tale Fairy tale is a genre of oral folk art with fantastic content and based on a solid realistic basis. Types of fairy tales: about animals, magic, everyday.

Fairy tales about animals "Fox and crane" "Winter huts of animals" "Cat, cock and fox" etc.

Fairy tales "The Flying Ship" "Geese Swans" "Sivka Burka"

Household tales "Porridge from an ax" "Husband and wife" "How a man dined with a master"

Epics Epics are Russian folk epic songs about the exploits of heroes. The main plot of the epic is a heroic event, or a remarkable episode of Russian history. Russian folk epics: "Dobrynya and Alyosha" "Dobrynya and the Serpent" "Ilya-Muromets and Kalin-Tsar" "Ilya-Muromets and Nightingale the Robber" and others.

Folklore is a collective oral folk art. Small genres of folklore. - What does the word folklore mean? - What came first: folklore or literature? - Who was the creator of the folklore? - What genres of folklore do you know? - What small genres of folklore do you know?

Tomorrow a blue-blue-blue whale will fly from the sky, If you believe, wait and wait, But if you don't believe - come out!
Greek rode across the river. He sees a Greek: there is a cancer in the river, He thrust the Greek hand into the river - Cancer by the hand of a Greek - a tsap!
To be afraid of a wolf - do not go to the forest.

Hanging pear - you can't eat.
Bayu-bayushki-bayu-bayushki-bayu, Do not lie down on the edge. A gray top will come, He will grab the barrel And drag it into the woods, Under the bush. Don't go to us, top, don't wake up our Sasha.

Term "folklore", which was first introduced into science by the English scientist W.J. Toms, translated means “folk wisdom.” Understand this term in different ways: sometimes it means any folk art (dance, music, woodcarving, etc.), sometimes - only verbal. Folklore is distinguished by the following features: oral form of existence, reliance on traditions, immediacy of contact between the performer and the listener, collectivity, nationality, combination of words with elements of other types of art. Folklore works were performed by guslars and buffoons. A good storyteller knew up to ten works by memory. Naturally, to remember and reproduce any work, the people This is a set of traditional beginnings and endings, the repetition of words, episodes, the use of folklore symbols (cuckoo, aspen mountain), common typical places (the beauty formula is "neither say in a fairy tale, nor describe with a pen"; command formula - "rise before me, like a leaf before the grass ”), constant epithets. Proverb - a small form of folk poetry, clothed in a short, rhythmic dictum, carrying a generalized thought, conclusion, allegory with a didactic bias.

Birds of a feather flock together.
You can't get a fish out of the pond without difficulty.
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
You go softly, but hard to sleep.
Fear has big eyes.
Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.

Proverb - a phrase, a turn of speech, reflecting any phenomenon of life, often has a humorous character, unlike a proverb, it does not have an instructive meaning.

« Hunger is not an aunt, she will not feed a cake»
« Teach your grandmother to suck eggs»
« He called himself a gruzdem - get into the box»
« What do you call the boat - so it will float»
« The road spoon for dinner»
« Yes, curls of convolutions will not replace!»

Reader - a small rhyme, a form of drawing, with the help of which it is determined who drives the game. The counting room is an element of the game that helps to establish agreement and respect for the accepted rules. In organizing a counting room, rhythm is very important.

The mice came out once. See what time it is. One-two-three-four, Mice pulled the weights. Then there was a terrible ringing - The mice scattered away.
Beyond the seas, beyond the mountains, Behind the iron pillars, On a hillock - a teremok, There is a castle on the doors. You go for the key And unlock the lock.

Patter - a phrase based on a combination of sounds that make it difficult to quickly pronounce words.

From the trampling of hooves, dust flies across the field.
Karl stole corals from Klara, Klara stole a clarinet from Karl.
Four turtles have four turtles.
Two puppies, cheek to cheek, Nibbling a brush in the corner.

Mystery - an allegorical poetic description of an object or phenomenon that tests the quick wit of the guessing.

Well, who of you will answer: Not fire, but it burns painfully, Not a lantern, but shines brightly, And not a baker, but bakes?

Calls - one of the types of cryptic songs of pagan origin. They reflect the interests and ideas of peasants about the economy and family. Calls represent an appeal to the sun, rainbow, rain and other natural phenomena, as well as to animals, and especially often to birds, which were considered heralds of spring

Sunny, equip yourself! Red, show yourself! Come out from behind the clouds, I'll give you a bunch of nuts!
Frost-Frost! Do not pull home by the nose, Do not knock, do not spoil, And draw on the windows!
Cucumbers, cucumbers, Do not go to that little end: The mouse lives there, Your tail will bite off.

Joke(from bayat, that is, to tell) is a poetic, short, funny story that a mother tells her child.

Tili-bom, tili-bom Cat's house on fire. The cat jumped out, Eyes bulged, A chicken with a bucket is running, Fills the Cat's house!
Three goats mowed the grass On meadow-puddles, On green hummocks. Goats are young, Ponytails are short.

Nursery - an element of pedagogy, a verdict song accompanying the game with the fingers, hands and feet of the child. Nursery rhymes, like little dogs, accompany the development of children. Pestushka(from the word to nurture, that is, to nurse, groom) - a short poetic melody of nannies and mothers, how they accompany the actions of the child, which he performs at the very beginning of his life. Lullaby - a song with which a child is lulled. People believed that a person is surrounded by mysterious hostile forces, and if a child sees something bad, terrible in a dream, then in reality it will not happen again.

Oh, li-li, li-li, li-li! The cranes arrived. Upland-legged cranes Didn't find a way, a road. They sat on the gate, And the gate - creak-creak ... Don't wake Vanya with us - We have Vanya asleep, asleep.
Sleep walks around the hut In a gray robe. And the sonikha under the window In a blue sundress. They walk together, And you, daughter, sleep.

Baiushki-baiushki, The ermine rode. They galloped to the cradle And looked at Masha. And the ermine said: “Grow up quickly! I will take you to me, I will show you in the forest And a wolf cub, and a hare, And a frog in a swamp, And a cuckoo on a tree, And a fox under the tree. "

Small genres of folklore:

Chastushka, genre of Russian verbal and musical folk art, a short (usually 4-line) song of humorous content of a fast pace of performance.
Fable - conversation about the actions of the heroes, showing their character traits.
Fable tells an unusual, invented, "inverted" picture of life.

Find the definition of the genre of folklore: Genre of folklore Definition of the genre

Proverb
Proverb
Counting room
Ditty
Tale
Pestushka
Mystery
Fable
Pure clause
The call

Allegorical description of an object in order to guess what was conceived
Conversation about the actions of the heroes, showing their character traits.
Allegory with a didactic bias.
A short poetic melody of nannies and mothers as they accompany the actions of the child.
A small rhyme, the form of a toss, with which it is determined who drives in the game.
Conjuring song addressed to natural phenomena.
A phrase based on a combination of sounds that make it difficult to quickly pronounce words.
Tells an unusual, invented, "inverted" picture of life.
A short humorous song.
A stable expression describing a situation or character that does not carry a teaching.

Define the tasks of small folklore genres: Genre Genre tasks

Proverb
Proverb
Counting room
Mystery
Tale
Fable
Nursery rhyme

Hints (covertly evaluates) various phenomena of human life.
Teaches you to guess your plans.
Fun teaches to distinguish between reality and fantasy, to develop imagination.
Briefly and accurately assess the characters and actions of people.
Fun teaching kid gestures
Help assign roles in the game in a fun way.
Make fun of bad character traits or show the hero's wit.

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The presentation on the theme "Folk Art" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: History. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 35 slide (s).

Presentation slides

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FOLK CREATIVITY - AN EXCHANGEABLE SOURCE OF ORIGINAL BEAUTY

Teacher of Fine Arts and MHC MOU SB Bogdanovskaya School Sinebryukhova T.V.

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The history of the artistic culture of any nation has a certain conditional beginning, from which threads stretch into the future. There is such a starting point for Russian art: from the momentous 988 - the Baptism of Rus, an intensive development of architecture, painting, literature, and music begins. But let us ask ourselves the questions: what place did artistic creation occupy in earlier eras? Have the artistic images that were born in the depths of the pre-Christian civilization sunk into oblivion have erased from the memory of the people over time? What do we know today about the spiritual culture that has shaped generations of people who have been able to wholeheartedly accept the Christian doctrine and the complex system of Orthodox church art that follows from it?

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The pre-Christian period in the history of Slavic culture can be called mythological. Myth is one of the ways to comprehend the surrounding reality, a set of symbolic ideas about the world. According to ancient beliefs, human life seems to be included in the endless whirlpool of nature, which does not have a higher spiritual meaning. People naively believed that without their participation the sun would not rise, the blessed warmth would not come, the long-awaited rain would not fall. Therefore, the basis of the cultural life of the mythological era was a ritual - a theatrical performance in which a word, gesture, dance, music were intertwined. V modern science this synthesis was called “primitive artistic syncretism”.

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Mythological ideas about the structure of the universe inevitably gave rise to a pagan religion. The ancient Slavs invented many gods. They, the inhabitants of "wretched huts", had to conquer their living space, seek protection from the sun, water, trees, stones, real and fantastic animals, symbolic images of which in the form of bronze, clay, stone, wooden idols were scattered throughout the Slavic lands. They personified the formidable forces of nature, not subject to human will, alien to mercy. The modern scientist B.A. Rybakov singled out the following periodization in the history of the most ancient Slavic beliefs: Initially, the Slavs put sacrifices to the ghouls and bereginians (that is, they made sacrifices). Then they began to set a meal for Rod and women in labor (also sacrifice). Subsequently, the Slavs began to pray mainly to Perun (while maintaining faith in other gods). From these lines it becomes obvious that the Slavs already, at an early stage of their development, felt the presence in the world around them of the action of two opposite principles - good and evil. Goodness was brought to people by the guardians (from the word “to protect”, “to protect”). The evil inclination is spirits, vampires, ghouls, werewolves that harm humans. They conspired against them, wore amulets - amulets.

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With the development of druzhina military affairs, the cult of the god Perun, the lord of thunder, lightning, and military operations, arose. Other deities were also worshiped - the god of the Sun-luminaries Hora, the giver of heavenly blessings Dazh-god, the god-sower and the heavenly messenger Simargl, the god of wind and the air element Stribog, the goddess of fertility, the mother of cheese earth Makosh (Mokosh), and others. There were also lower mythological creatures , sometimes extremely harmful to humans, deities - goblin and water, brownie and bannik, mermaid and kikimora, as well as terrible creatures that bring people grief, death, disease - Mara, Morena, Likho, Koschey, Baba Yaga. They "communicated" with the pagan gods in specially designated religious buildings - temples. Slavic gods did not have "biographies", their appearance was very vague. Often, the same deity was worshiped in different ways in different tribes. Therefore, today scientists find it difficult to determine the "name" of this or that image.

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The antinomy of good and evil, felt so early by our ancestors, had a decisive influence on the formation of Slavic mythology. The natural opposition of life and death, happiness and unhappiness entailed more complex symbolism, duality of images. For example, many proverbs, sayings, rituals and signs that have survived to this day are based on the opposition of “right” and “left”. Over time, this resulted in the idea of Truth in heaven and Krivda on earth. The combination of "top" and "bottom" also had a global cosmic meaning. The binary symbolism "friend" - "alien" was very significant. For example, people who were blood-related were considered "ours", all others were considered "strangers" (the eternal dislike of the stepmother to the stepdaughter). Or the home was “ours”, while the forest was a sign of a hostile, “alien” beginning (the juxtaposition of a child - Baba Yaga). Examples of "binary" thinking can be continued if we turn to one of the most striking phenomena of mythological artistic culture - Russian folk tale, especially a fairy tale.

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This ancient genre of folklore has its own characteristics. The tale begins with the infliction of any damage or harm (abduction, exile, etc.) or with the desire to have something (for example, the king sends his son for the firebird). Then a miracle occurs - a meeting of the hero with an assistant or a wizard who makes it easier to achieve the goal (remember that in Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" there is a wonderful acquaintance of the protagonist with the wizard Finn). In the course of the narration there is a culmination - a duel between the hero and evil forces (the Nightingale the Robber, the Serpent Gorynych, Baba Yaga, etc.). Often in fairy tales motifs of kinship between people and animals sound, it tells about the marriage of a person with a totem creature (for example, with the Frog Princess). As a rule, these texts bear the imprint of a kind and optimistic outlook on the world, form a sense of justice, confidence in the triumph of a just cause, the victory of good over evil - after all, fabulous narratives end with a happy ending.

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AND I. Bilibin. Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor

AND I. Bilibin. Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber.

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At the same time, it is obvious that the moral principles of the life of a pagan Slav were imprinted in fairy tales. For the sake of this goal, the fairytale hero is ready to break any laws, to overcome any obstacles by force, cunning, deception, without thinking too much about the price of the spilled blood of his opponents. In an imaginary mythological picture of the life of a pagan Slav, the human personality was not of particular value.

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And the main evidence of the spiritual and creative talent of the ancient Slavs, their striving for beauty and harmony is the folk song - an invaluable asset of Russian national culture. Researchers call the most ancient examples of musical folklore ritual. These songs were included in rituals timed either to a certain time of the year, or to a vital event (birth of a child, wedding, etc.). In accordance with this, ritual folklore is subdivided into calendar and family folklore.

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The content of the calendar songs is closely related to the labor of the Slavic farmer, who loved his land and prayed to the gods to send a good harvest. For centuries, farmers performed the same rituals corresponding to the folk calendar: winter, spring, summer, autumn. On each of the holidays, certain rituals were performed, and songs dedicated to this holiday were sung. The purpose of these actions was one - to contribute to the well-being of the peasants. The cycle of calendar rituals began in winter. December 25, according to the old style, was considered the "turn of the sun for summer". On this day, a series of merry holidays opened, during which it was customary to carol - to dress up in "carnival" clothes (twisted sheepskin coats, straw, etc.) and walk around neighbors' yards, begging for gifts. Caroling appeared as a ceremony of honoring the pagan god Kolyada. Over time, they forgot who Kolyada was, the rite itself was preserved in Christian times, in the villages it is still found today. As a rule, Christmas carols are celebrated from Christmas (December 25, old style) to Epiphany (January 6, old style) and songs are sung.

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Round dance songs are one of the most ancient. Round dances were performed in the villages throughout almost the whole year - on Christmastide, on Maslenitsa, and after Easter. Perhaps the most widespread were round dances, games, when a plot was played out simultaneously with the movement. When playing, the participants in the round dance stood in a circle, inside which one or several "artists" performed simple pieces in their faces. Round dances-processions were widespread, when participants in pairs or groups, moving at a measured pace, walked around the village. However, any movement of young people always turns into a dance, which happened in dance round dances, the fiery and daring character of which the Russian people defined with the words "chain", "comb", "braiding and unweaving of wattle".

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On the eve of Christmas and Epiphany, round dances and dances were replaced by singing of the so-called sub-dish songs. This meant that the time was coming for Christmas fortune-telling, mysterious, full of expectation of miracles. Fortune-telling was different, funny and serious at the same time. Most often, they used water, which was poured into a bowl, then they lowered small things there, covered them with a handkerchief and ... dragged on a submarine song, the words of which, as it were, predicted fate. One of the oldest sub-dish songs is the famous Khlebna Slava, which has repeatedly attracted the attention of Russian composers. On Christmastide evenings in the villages, gatherings were especially often arranged (sittings, gatherings, super-row, conversations, evenings, parties). They were attended by boys and girls who had reached marriageable age, i.e. 14-16 years old. At the gatherings, they sang songs, danced in circles, danced. Often, for the sake of fun, they dressed up in animal skins and performed performances that ridicule lazy, careless, stingy or too timid people.

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From time immemorial, the rituals of Maslenitsa - farewell to winter, have been known in Russia. In the Christian calendar, Maslenitsa coincided with the last week before Lent. It is called meat-eating, since these days the church charter prescribes to prepare for the fasting period and refrain from eating meat. During the Maslenitsa period, the spirit of celebration, entertainment, and reckless prowess reigned in people's lives. In accordance with ancient views, the peasants glorified the sun, spring, the onset of warmth. They believed that with their songs they were helping the sun "move in a circle", to bring the arrival of spring days closer. Each day of Maslenitsa had its own name and ritual meaning: Monday - Maslenitsa meeting, Tuesday - flirting, Wednesday - delicacies, Thursday - revelry, wide Maslenitsa, Friday - mother-in-law pancakes, Saturday - sister-in-law's gatherings, Sunday - seeing off Maslenitsa. On the last day of the holiday, people asked each other for forgiveness, and according to Christian custom, Sunday itself was called “forgiven”. Shrovetide fun was widespread. People rode in troikas and sleighs from the icy mountains, played in the capture of snow towns, arranged fistfights. The colorful, carefree Shrovetide was a symbol of prosperity, joy, well-fed life. Therefore, all week people went to visit each other, ate pancakes, pies, eggs. Shrovetide songs were either bright, iridescent, or sad, as if expressing regret that a wonderful holiday had flown by so quickly. On the day of the farewell, the straw effigy of Maslenitsa was taken out of the village and burned with joyful shouts and cheerful singing. This was how the end of winter was celebrated.

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Spring-red in the old days was lured with songs-spring songs. The spring rituals themselves began on the day of the spring equinox - March 22, when the earth was freed from snow. In ancient times, people believed that the spring was brought by birds that fly from distant lands with the onset of warmth. Therefore, many rituals were associated with images of birds: they were baked from dough, molded from clay and straw, raised to the sky and at the same time performed spring flowers, conjuring the sun. In the rituals of the holidays of Trinity and Semik, ancient pagan and Christian images are surprisingly organically intertwined. Semik - the seventh Thursday after the first spring full moon (i.e. after Easter) was considered a holiday of the earth, fertility, and the continuation of the human race. Previously, the Semitskaya week was called a Rusal one and a young birch tree was its symbol. In the Russian week, they went to the graves, commemorated their ancestors. It is no coincidence that even today, on the Saturday before Trinity, parents are commemorated (parental Saturday). The week of seven ended with the day of the Holy Trinity (Pentecost). On this day (fiftieth from the day of the Ascension of Christ) a great event in the history of Christianity was celebrated - the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles. The pre-Christian Semites rituals were performed under decorated birches and were accompanied by the singing of ritual songs. The girls weaved wreaths and threw them into the water, wondered, and danced in circles. The Semytsk Songs sang the praises of nature, the future harvest, happiness and love.

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V summer period year, the main rituals were associated with the day of Ivan Kupala. Kupalo is the name of the ancient deity Yarila the sun, whose birth was celebrated on the last day of the summer solstice - June 24. In Christian times, the name of John the Baptist was added to the name, and the holiday itself among the people began to be called Ivan's Day. People believed that on Midsummer's day there is a violent flowering of all vegetation, while at night, once a year, a fern flower blooms. And a great unclean force flies and rages over the earth at this time, sorcerers and sorcerers, werewolves and brownies, goblin and mermaids rule. They threaten to destroy the human race, and the only salvation from devilish obsessions is ... fire. And they burned ritual bonfires all over Russia on the Kupala night, jumped over them, swam in rivers and lakes, painted crosses on their houses and gates. Therefore, the Kupala songs are mysteriously mystical and differ from other ritual melodies in a somewhat gloomy character, severity, solemnity.

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Birth, marriage, death are natural for any person. In Ancient Russia, these events gave rise to a huge and beautiful in its artistic merit field of musical folklore - family songs. They did not know geographical or social barriers and were loved in all strata of the Russian population, in villages and cities. Weddings in Russia were played at a certain time of the year, free from urgent peasant affairs. Usually after the autumn harvest, before Christmas, on Shrovetide, on Krasnaya Gorka (a week after Easter).

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The ritual activities of a Russian wedding were unusual. This is a kind of performance in which there are no spectators, all are participants, each has its own role. The ceremony began with matchmaking in the bride's house. Here the main role performed by matchmakers, in a playful, allegorical form, praising the dignity of the groom, his diligence and wealth. During the matchmaking, they ate, drank, sang drinking songs. After smotrin and collusion (when they beat hands, agreeing on the amount of the dowry and the cost of the wedding), there was a bachelorette party - the most lyrical part of the wedding ceremony. At the bachelorette party, the bride cried and said goodbye to family and friends. Many heartfelt songs sounded here, replaced by playful criminals (the girlfriends reproached the bride for leaving them) and unhurried grandeur. On the wedding day, the groom "ransomed" the bride and the young people went to church to get married. This was followed by a lavish wedding feast for many days, filled with songs, dances, round dances, and games. Melodies replaced one another, but strictly in accordance with the unwritten rules of the ceremony, that is, always to the point. The songs were different, and yet, among them, a special genre of folk art stands out for its expressiveness - wedding lament-lamentations. Usually the bride wailing, saying goodbye to her father-mother, with lovely girlfriends, with carefree time. After all, ahead of her was an unknown life in a strange house and how. usually hard work.

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Crying for the dead was very ancient. The funeral rituals of the pre-Christian era reflected views on the afterlife as a continuation of earthly life in another world. Therefore, they tried to provide the deceased with everything necessary, for example, the soldiers were buried with weapons. True, no one was in a hurry to leave this land. People believed that by mourning the dead, they postpone the moment of their own death. The texts of the funeral lamentation of loved ones are very striking. The emotional side of the crying songs was extremely intense at times, ecstatic. The laments were distinguished by high artistic beauty and had the character of a melodious recitative. At first, the main part of the text was pronounced with a quick talk at almost the same pitch. At the end of the phrase, there followed a woeful "fall" of the melody down to a third or fourth. One got the impression that crying conveys now dreary, now agitated speech, interspersed with sobs ... Voicing can be considered the most ancient form of female solo poetry. The nakedness is usually based on a short song that was repeated and varied throughout the story of the deceased.

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The crying was special independent species folk art, which has a highly developed system of means of expression. This is evidenced by such a poetically perfect monument as the lament of Yaroslavna from "The Lay of Igor's Host": Yaroslavna weeps early in Putivl on the visor, saying? “Bright and three times bright sun! For everyone, you are warm and wonderful. Why, sir, did you spread your hot rays On the warriors of my dear? Have they bent their bows in a waterless field with thirst? Grief they shut up the quivers? " (Translated by D.S.Likhachev)

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Boyan is a great Old Russian storyteller, a very real historical person. This legendary singer was the founder of the ancient Russian singing school and laid the foundations of the heroic epic. The musical and poetic genius of the Russian people was embodied with special force in the genre of epics. The epic (or antiquity) tells about what "was": about the most important points state life, about historical events, about mighty heroes. True, historical reality in epics has always been refracted, as it were, through the prism of poetry. In addition, elements of fairy tales, legends, fantasy were very strong in the epic. In the center of the epic events - the main character, who finds himself in the most unusual situations. He fights against hordes of enemies, shows miracles of courage and at the same time sets an example of high morality, upholding justice.

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Epics are born, telling about the struggle against the Horde yoke, telling about new travelers, about the emergence of the Cossacks on the Dnieper, Don and Volga. Epics were sung throughout all of Russia, and they were as ancient as ritual songs. This does not mean that there were no other, later genres in musical folklore. For example, in the XV-XVI centuries. a lingering song was born and was originally performed exclusively by women. In these songs, it was usually about love, marriage, unfaithfulness of lovers, a hard woman's share. In terms of the richness of images, the power of emotions and the beauty of music, the lingering song has no equal. The range of topics influencing the content of lyric songs is unusually wide. Family life, marriage, love, jealousy, death - all this became the subject of musical comprehension. There were no discoveries in the subject of lyric songs, many "plots" were encountered earlier in ritual genres. However, in the lyric song, a new, special musical world was formed, as if conveying the immense expanses of Russia and the depth of feelings of the Russian people. The melodies of lyric songs are unique, they are distinguished by their long length, wide breathing, intonational expressiveness. It is with lyrical drawn-out songs that the flourishing of the famous Russian polyphony begins in folk art! Elements of polyphony can also be found in other, earlier genres, but in the lyric peon the choral folk polyphony reaches its peak.

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Since the XV century. the birth of new types of folk singing is combined with the rethinking of old ones. Among them are a special kind of folk epic - historical songs. Many of them are dedicated to great events in the history of our state, such as the Battle of Kulikovo. Unlike epics, there is no room for fantasy or fiction in historical songs. The heroes of historical songs, like the events that are sung in them, are real. The earliest historical songs are dedicated to the events of the reign of Ivan the Terrible (about the capture of Kazan, the conquest of Siberia by Yermak, etc.). The historical song reaches its peak in the 17th century, when there is an abrupt change in cultural landmarks and the usual medieval norms of life are breaking. Recordings of songs of that time have come down to us only in versions of the 18th century, therefore, many tunes that existed in the oral tradition should be considered irretrievably lost. And yet, folk memory has brought to us many beautiful ancient songs. And in the XIX century. folk art became that great force that helped Russian music create its priceless classics. “The people create music, and we, the artists, only arrange it,” said M.I. Glinka. His words are not a tribute to fashion, but a frank recognition of the merits of Russian folk music and the genius of its many unknown creators.

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Russian folk songs: The songs display external and inner world person ("simple-minded outpouring of grief or joy of the heart") Historical, love, burlak, recruit, robber, coachman. Heroes of the songs: Ivan the Terrible, Peter 1, Suvorov, Kutuzov, Ermak, Razin, Pugachev.

Russian folk songs: Created when feelings, experiences demanded expression in words and melody. Passed by word of mouth, from generation to generation. The first recordings of folk songs date back to the 17th century. Collectors: Pushkin, Gogol, Chulkov, Koltsov, Rybnikova, Putilov, Vostokov, Veselovsky, Propp, etc.

Lyric song The lyrical hero is a simple man, a man of labor, a soldier. Life is perceived through his eyes, mind, heart. Compositionally lyrical song: monologue - an outpouring of feelings, reflection on fate, often begins with an appeal; dialogue is the conversation of lyrical characters. The main principle of the internal organization of l / n is poetic parallelism - first, a natural symbolic picture is given, then a picture-image from human life (a duck-well, a duck-girl)

Ancient symbols-images Month-father, husband; mother sun, children stars, zoryushka - girl (wife) Birds act as symbols (Nightingale, drake, falcon, dove - well done; swan, duckling, pava, dove - girl; gray cuckoo - sadness, bitter female, maiden share ) Symbols of the plant world (girl - white birch, viburnum, raspberry, sweet cherry; well done - oak, hops, grapes) The state of the plant is also symbolic: flowering is fun, withering is sadness, separation. Figurative paintings help to create permanent epithets (violent wind, clear field, damp earth, clear falcon)

Historical songs and Tradition Tradition is a genre of oral non-fairytale prose, a story about historical figures and events. The historical song is a kind of chronicle, the history of the people, arose during the period of the struggle against the Tatar yoke: Historical real event, small volume, lack of rhyme (recitative verse, different number of syllables and accents) The first songs about Shchelkan (1327), from the 16th century. - songs about Ivan the Terrible, XVII century. - a reflection of the national liberation struggle against the interventionists, songs about Stepan Razin, in songs of the 17th century. - Peter 1, the uprising of Bulavin, Pugachev, the last cycle of songs is dedicated to the war of 1812

Features of historical songs and legends about Pugachev What do you know about Pugachev, about the uprising under his leadership? What have you learned about Pugachev from the legend? What kind of people did Pugachev imagine? What is common in historical songs and the legend about Pugachev? In what way did you notice the difference between the historical song and the legend about Pugachev?

Common and different Tradition: An ordinary everyday story, without rhythm, includes a dialogue of Variational - many additions, changes (logic is lost) A set of fragmentary, often contradictory information. A combination of reality and semi-fabulous images. Vocabulary - down-to-earth, the presence of colloquial speech.

Homework Reading the legend "On the conquest of Siberia by Yermak" To what era does this legend belong? What do you know about the conquest of Siberia? How is the attitude of the people towards Yermak manifested in the legend? How do you imagine the episode of the conquest of Siberia in comparison with reproduction? Are there any differences in tradition and in historical information? Reading the article p. 17 "From Old Russian Literature." Thank you for the attention!

The work can be used to conduct lessons and reports on the subject "Literature"

Ready-made presentations on literature have colorful slides with images of poets and their heroes, as well as illustrations for novels, poems and other literary works. literature should be interesting and memorable. In this section of our website you can download ready-made presentations for literature lessons for grades 5,6,7,8,9,10,11 absolutely and without registration.

Elena Olesova
Presentation "Oral folk art in the upbringing of spiritual and moral qualities in young children"

Main goals spiritual and moral education:

Educational:

expand knowledge about the world around

improve speech;

enrich vocabulary

Educational:

to form a respectful, merciful, attentive attitude towards others;

bring up love and respect for the Motherland (given the regional component, its the people, culture, shrines;

cultivate obedience, the desire to imitate good examples, to live according to conscience;

bring up humane attitude to animals and nature.

Developing:

develop Creative skills;

develop cognitive activity, the ability to communicate emotionally;

develop imagination, thinking;

develop interest in folklore.

5 slide:

In his work with children of early age I use the following types of small genre:

Lullabies;

Calls;

Jokes;

Proverbs;

Sayings;

Folk holidays;

Folk games;

7 slide:

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9 slide:

Verbal Russian folk art contains great poetic

values. Jokes, nursery rhymes have long been used for parenting, especially the smallest ones, in order to attract their attention, calm down, cheer up, talk.

10 slide:

Proverbs and sayings are the richest source of cognitive and moral development children.

11 slide:

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Introducing children with folk holidays that were part of the work and life of the Russian the people, children get the opportunity to get to know the history the people, with his way of life and folk wisdom... During the holidays, children not only perform songs, but also listen to the works of Russian composers. This greatly enriches the children's experience, expands the range of emotions. Children learn to understand shades emotions: gloomy and light sadness, quiet and solemn joy.

For centuries folk games accompany everyday life children, produce vital quality: endurance, strength, agility, speed, instill honesty, justice and dignity.

Russians folk games have a multi-millennial history:

they have survived to this day from the times of antiquity, passed down from generation to generation, absorbing the best national traditions.

13 slide:

In my work, I pay special attention to fairy tales.

A fairy tale is an effective means of influencing a person

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Folklore in different types of educational activities.

I use with children:

Modeling - making pancakes, playing with nursery rhyme “Grandma, grandmother baked pancakes. One for Varenka, one for Kolenka ...

Drawing - draw a rain, play with a nursery rhyme "The rain, the rain is thicker, the grass will be thicker."

16 slide:

Construction - building a house (teremok, using finger gymnastics "There is a house in the meadow, but the path to it is closed. We open the gates, we invite you to this house"

Russian staging folk tales -"Gingerbread man, "Teremok" etc.

In physical parenting- gymnastics of awakening “Kva-kva-kva-frogs, In the reeds of frogs! We opened our eyes, We rubbed our ears - Po-cha-gush-ki. Po-cha-gush-ki. Po-cha-gush-ki. "

I use it in regime moments folk games: "At the Bear in the Forest", "Cat and

mice", "Loaf", "Carousel", "The sun and the rain".

18 slide:

Created an artistic speech corner with elements of oral folk

creativity: card index of nursery rhymes, tongue twisters, riddles, desktop printed

19 slide:

In my work, I use various forms of working with children:

Reading works of art;

Finger games;

Didactic games;

Desktop - printed games;

Dramatization games;

The use of multimedia technologies in the process of organized

activities;

Excursions;

Targeted walks.

Work in kindergarten should be continued in the family, so I use the following forms of work with parents:

Parents' meetings;

Parents' questioning;

Consulting;

Visual types of work: card index of nursery rhymes, exhibitions creative work on

Joint preparations for the holidays;

Joint learning a piece oral folk art(nursery rhymes,

lullabies);

Helping kindergarten parents in making attributes.

21 slide:

Thank you for the attention!